nghiên cứu quy trình sản xuất mứt dứa đông

  !"#$
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
$%&'()#*#+%, ()$$ /
0%123-45 6(&$0) 7*1289#,$
&:;*<%0=1&:,$&>1?@7*<$$$6
AB&$CD?0()$$23-4
E-',$(07*< -(6
:-'?'
%;?F7*<6-'#;;-
00-4>-G&'H*<$%7$*<I0%
*<,+-*J9??A&>-'';?9(2C0A7*<
 ?9?K,$(*<1:L)&'-40-'&$
?'
#,$-'CMN#'%=:C#M.*0:,0+
*7D#F7?9(C0ACON07%PA$$
LL0/P1?0+G0>&F&$!-
Q07(2-4
,$,0+/!P%M.*:,0+&$0+L89#,$
K7R?7S0, ,'&$, 0*:-4%*0G%
)C07-G%C,%T%*0*0U&$9J:&0BDVW%XY%XZ%
@U[
E(*1, >DL-B%I*1,'>D?9?P(*
,+%-'C7% %%L\%*/9=U
]D,$+*<%/07^C?&$7^_F2/G`
A:$)#*
aNghiên cứu ch bin mứt dứa đông”
]3^?  1
  !"#$
CHƯƠNG 1: TỔNG QUAN VỀ NGUYÊN LIỆU
1.1 Tổng quan về nguyên liệu dứa
1.1.1. Nguồn gốc và đặc điểm thực vật

[1]
1.1.1.1. Nguồn gốc
BC=%C0AAnanas comosus%,$,0+/L#'&$
+0A,$*(A1_X0G,GG
 0,$=P)6Xb,&$c6EOB-4Q9
`DA&$PA,/4'-4;,F^` *7#,11
2/d&$0LYRefC@0,90@99G9/4 
A,$G,0*G%K=*J9?CT*B$P*J9?6
7-'#'&$7#'%N*6g%7"%X&$E
 'gLYhYf%C<(*KLYheZ$
#*P,'*7D96H2EOKL
Yeii6g
$ P(CT*67-' =
CMN#'&$N#'j-' 
P:6kc\%c\A%XT%XT%l%=%#W%
/%m
>n,'?'LZiiY7"Y%eSe#
&$c,**GY%oYh#%0C+@/EO%Xb, Y%Rf#j-'
%PKXT?%#MP-'#C01piiii&', 
C0piiiii0=eiq,$*M@7rP:6:,$m
%:%@$E%@1B%"0WU:XT=kc\%$XT%
l%"$0@0%sX7%=U:=#W%l%X]^%U
L9/(L67r*MXTC0Yi%*MYpt N-'
%P:,0+-Q9b%Q&$%*>J%9+$6*M
XT%76:]X(&$*u6P9v@_"0
YYYZ Đặc điểm thực vật
]3^?  2
Hình 1.1 : Quả dứa
  !"#$
@/(,0+/),/L C0+7P7/w,+

?*F*7D$(/'&$=7%-49xB&F-':?#)?*
y,$0&^M)2H/401,%!C=?*\&']=,$
/M,$0&-4=$&NH&>PN*r
0+Zzf&F7%Cx0$BHL*%7Q1%, Cx%9#
*7D8
//9\*L%$Zizfi>)&$:,#7"7G
CM//C= //,$*1%/8-B)
0:%/1$B%=:1=D/)/0N*9D#/
-6CQG%/$&$Q-6Cx%L*%PA5?;
,$F290&$7,79TA-'F.*,+@IN,$7{T{ =
7,7A$F0^
"7A$&$G00T)%,7w*$),-|C?"7*/9)
:%IG9)*MG00^%=DHA-Q&$A-B@7,7
$KhpzZii%(KRzYiE3/=C0Zi,76,)03/=
C0Yizpi,7%&$(93/=oizhi,7"7$+%&$%
*Q}:,7=TV=[08C=V,0+C=
-61,7=(M[E3,7=(,'**T&$=+)57&$=
x*,7&'L-
0,$(,0+0>E3(>0=:0Q%9A(
)0)(993>=YiizYpi0Q@7)&$
093>=RizYpi0 )0V$,$T[$:C), 
7$,'m/`0)Ty)^%CLH&N9=*/
12&$0$$-'0+*/=10=7F?^)&'7&$
L0AK*1/2F,70^%30=7$0
2=@\A$F1TT//T&$N*@7$06
$N*&$:-'&$*7D$(+*.* 9??-,$
V[%A6*MF,70^4K,\00?C7
2)0KYZizYpi$%)&$)(9KYfpzYop$ C
]3^?  3
  !"#$

PKe~ZR70?P9vP1A,%47y'
P9vPA7N
7,$(7Cx*m7M%&Q7K$M}6M%11
(&$$Q6*M-'9?&$&$>0$7:$&$$&$Q
7,'Q%+$T5>G03)$C7=F
7*>(&$0)&$CON7%L=04$&$*7
D%L=Cxy9^=*1%9•0A04L-6
y,$LA, &$=+FmM-'&$A, >(
&$0)%N(&$, */9=P$-%9=
$:*/$8/@>()
-#(0*%4-6$
T%/+?5-6?7,'QC7

E$T^>()&$*1$06*/
9=&$7:C#7@7T)&$0G0
?^$&$2^% +0:0
P6#(*&$07B,$P6#
(0&$0$T
-B&^2&^A>(&$0, -4%2?,$-40b
&$, HB2?,$&$,G-BB2>(&$0Z
,9&$,90%, -4L1K7,A&$, 
;B,+l=&^A0C, -4J)0C0YZq
&$, C0ioziSq
](T2^:>(2?&$0(M2C0+
I€,#B>(2?&$0)P
,$/#'M#(0#(M.*,$#(9/
$LKZYzZS
i
@%#(9/7*C-'Yp
i

@&$70C
7fp
i
@?#(70%,$C4%0&#C=,.0&#M,5
C%7I9^84AQ#(7*/-6?7&$,7
" -9$LKYZiizZiii,$M.*)&'-6
&$*7D2/1-'$$2/-B-B&', -K
]3^?  4
Hình 1.2 : Hoa dứa
  !"#$
Y%ZpzZ%,$KYZ%pzZi
f
-'t CP%/`9x!?8*+Cx0$
Rzo74-6yCx0$%-M-6?L7,+
-'&$00+*/=0$?-'Ly\•#](<
CCM9$L1?KSpq6,
-4=277LL%$, -40%&Q79=w*%
M.*0&#C<7-B&$?9??77L%&^&$
$, -4*%&Q7=$7)-777+y/77%,7`
$&$Q@7)0&$(9177:B7,+%7)
&$N,+1=/00-,%G9=7-'=/17
77+
@/CCx%B)*&$07-':=DPj-4P%
P(HB=7,0+Q+*%:/QA%K0:=DP
B5C07-'%8%*>7Q%=:E%&:C
M.*DP]P),$7*%Q'C*7%/%:
$&$=2T%(*KR%pzpq,$M.*
YYZ Thành phần hóa học
7SZzhhq-'%)%1Yfq,TYYq, &QYhq, ,•YZq, ^Roq
Protein:01?7,0+=C0iZpzipq+&$-4P

+6+*0GL%0*0G0=$, C7*
C*,$P*0GA0C<*1L20-4
Đường:=**1*L, 0BD%0$-4I+0&^A,$
LM0]-4C0VhzYh%pq[0%?Siq,$0G
I,+,$,0Gl -M&:8,$0;##2-4`+0 
&^A
]-4  ! I    0  -'%   ,$  -'  =  0   -4  -'  V[%
0G=D2*/$3.*-4,0G&$‚0G
@
YZ

ZZ
ƒ
YY
„
Z
ƒ…@
o

YZ
ƒ
o
„@
o

YZ
ƒ
o
0G,0G†0G
Lipid:]/,$$*1=&I*L, %$7J%\<

&#*7&09x0M9x0Vi%Y‡Yq[&$##-'
]3^?  5
  !"#$
+,C?&','*90&#9:8&$$?9$00,*?r,#M0
 G,$?)AD*I)9#
Acid::0$*1HB2,$Vopq[%
VYiq[%Vfq[
Muối khoáng: 0$7.*HB%0I)C07VZpq[
$, )C077^9v, 0](02C0i%Zp‡Yq0
=:,0+)C07C7-C,%%%T%G
Vitamin:"$?)-|10BD&&,$$*1&$0
+027GbGD=0BD;&N=CLJ.*&
B9 ,$=&09x0VW%%ˆ%m[&$&
0-'VX%@%%cc[G0‰zƒVZiie[%0&@&$&W 
G,$&M
Enzym: 07B:GbG*GG%&GG%*G0G%G0,G
&$,$90G,G,$(,0+Gb2*/*0G%GbG89#27
@$:6&Q&$)=D>9`D,$,#
GbG90G,
Bảng 1.1: Thành phần khoáng trong dứa
Khoáng chất (mg)
c0Vm[ YRoi
c0*0GVc[ YYii
@,V@[ Ypii
ExVE[ piii
"-ŠV [ fiii
0V[ Ziii
TV†G[ ifii
]PV@[ iihi
myV‹[ iiei

EVE[ iRii
†,0V†[ iiYi
Œ0GVŒ[ iiYi

Bảng 1.2: Thành phần vitamin trong dứa
]3^?  6
  !"#$
Vitamin (mg)
@V09G[ Yhii
c0&WV0uG[ iioi
XYVG[ iihi
XZV90‚,&G[ iifi
  Xf  0  cc
V0G[
ifii
XpV0xG[ iYoi
XoV*0G[ iiei
XeV‚0,G[ iiYR
ˆV00*x0,[ iYii
$*1=A25-7,0+7C7JG0)%(M%4&F%
^D&$:C#PA
Bảng 1.3: Thành phần hoá học của một số giống dứa
Giống dứa
Độ khô
(%)
Độ axit
(%)
Chỉ sè
pH
Hàm lượng

đường khử (%)
Hàm lượng
saccaroza (%)
0kc= Yh i%pY f%h R%Ye YY%pe
0l Yh i%pS f%h f%po YZ%ZZ
(9
•
#W Yf i%Re R%i f%Zi S%oi
(9
•
kc\ Yf%p i%Re R%i f%op o%pi
$k YZ i%of f%o Z%hS o%ZS
Nkc\ YY i%po f%e Z%eR o%RR
0N*( YS i%pi f%h f%Zi Yi%ei
]P Yp%Z i%fY R%p f%Ri e%hi
"0W YR%h i%fS R%i f%fi h%oi
m Yf%p i%fR R%Y Z%hi S%pi
Bảng 1.4: Sự thay đổi thành phần hoá học của dứa hoa Phú Thọ theo tháng thu hoạch
Thán
g thu
Độ axit
(%)
Axit hữu cơ
tự do (%)
Đường tổng
số (%)
Độ khô
(%)
Vitamin C
(mg%)

Chỉ số đường /
axit
]3^?  7
  !"#$
hoạch
Y i%ei i%SY Yf%p Zf%S pY%i Yp%i
Z i%hS i%SR YZ%S ZZ%i pi%i YR%o
f i%Sp i%oZ YR%h ZY%R RZ%S Ye%S
R i%Sp i%oS i%Sp i%oS fp%p Zf%h
p i%Si i%ph Ye%p ZY%Z Zh%Z ZS%h
o i%Sh i%po Yh%Y Zi%p ff%f Zp%h
S i%Si i%oi YS%p Ye%f Ri%i Zp%i
h i%hi i%oi Yo%S Yh%i Ze%p Zf%i
e i%SZ i%pi Yh%R ZY%R RR%e Zp%p
Yi i%SZ i%pi Yh%p Zi%h pZ%p Zp%S
YY i%ei i%Si YS%Z ZZ%Y RZ%Y Ye%Y
YZ i%ep i%Sp Yf%i Zf%p fS%o YZ%o
Bảng 1.5: Sự thay đổi thành phần hoá học của dứa Victoria nhập nội theo độ chin
Chỉ tiêu
Độ chín
Ương Chín tới Chín
](C%q Yf Yp%Y YS
]-4J)%q Yi YY%Z YR%Y
]-4C_%q Z%R f%f f%Z
0b%q S%o S%e Yi%e
ŽG,,0b%q Y%h Y%o Y%o
cG0$%q i%Yf i%Yi i%ih
c00*G%q i%YZ i%Yi i%Yi
](%q i%Rh Y%pZ i%pi
](0%q i%Rh i%fe i%fS

$, m%q Zpi ZRi Zfi
$, c%q Rp pi Rh
$, @%q Zo Zi Yh
]3^?  8
  !"#$
1.1.3 Phân loại các giống dứa
@=:)C0Koi?Si) P(`?':
)=D(*$f=
=0$NVlGG[-B)Q%C), 937,$i%hz
Y%oCt7%T,P%+FIC7:%^&ND
^&$N%I%B%&^AN$
=$=, 0%?'
-4>DL-B&$C<0%/%0%C=5(=
$@0?=lGG P:09=6#
=/XV *[ ,'BlGG%T0&$/%^&$
+%=3T%&^%MB-:-'B0%N(=
$=$=, Cx% P,/4&$N*6-BVk
c\[
=@GG,'%C), 937Y%pzZ%pCt7%T
*•&$7=F%,'6-')Q161A^Cx&$%
:-'%MA%CxBBlGG(9%/(=$
YYR Tác dụng của dứa
Cr$&%C07$QX0G,z(Gb=7F
2*/*0G$7=7F)0=j*ff$=7F
]3^?  9
Hình 1.3 : Dứa Queen
Hình 1.4: Dứa Cayenne
Hình 1.5: Dứa Spanish
  !"#$
-G*2^F0=H9HL=:^7#&$?

X0G,N*:6,•
/-4>^x*-M,$)N$l-'
7A&Q%3$LY%L0R$H?7*0U]89#-4>
MH9#QN=#,YMD&Q%C0x6)
(,3Q,Szh*u`Qx&$0%>/&KC0xN,+%G
-'P07x?&Qm^M:D(&T,-')
E3$(QNy9^9$0I1I?%?QNQ=DD#
 
/>X0G,2,$L#!^%?7&%9,B
J-BD,$+70+_%,$w0X0G,,$L#C7
&$)HG=5=7F,$L679#-
^I >,$8+v,(w,'*?9$0K*M0$%9(,(
,'*0*M0^$TB
YYp Thu hoạch và bảo quản dứa
>G0&k(6BP%00+;&$07f%R%p&$o
@GG0+&$07o%h0+&$07o%S0HL1/
-4=D9T0C?7&$09,\$0%=k,$=D0+L
]`K,///6&>-B`0+9v7+*)%&F
$-4 A,$0&F-?&$?9?:=
,.)&'7r*M9T%0#(77YY%YZ,$-6?
-6/%,$0, 70+07$=, Cx%C
=,.&:8C?zCON])&'7rKN6&$0%&#(CCM0
7$C*&}0*<)
,$,0+7C=r*CD0+CI-7,0+
7C7$*0+,\7M0=C0+D9^N*%`)%
,$-6?, 
E8C75-7,0+7/#'C7+&'#(?
#(70%,$79^x0%:%$CI-B9^V,+[07F
2#(*E(,+>G0#(%(M27)9^
]3^?  10

  !"#$
,+6ezYi
i
@%IM6Rzo
i
@m9^,+9^/G6,•&$,1
*M0$
=-Q0*?CM?900C0CM%<-'
D,$)#0-BVN*70+6:[,$0
=9^\
C<-BC0+&Q`DK$}
+%Z$T*M)`=Cy&$0?9?#*=Yzf$T*M
)=$&$mON7TCuG00+)$Zzf%&?T*•
C,$9^N*%`)%`Am0+&$0$=-08TT
m1,PADP089Q:*>0T%C 9•&&?,•&$0
y/)
0+0&ND&:C0m =0$Tm0
*0%07+%:C0%0%AU*7>9v‚00,P(fzpqD
#)4K,\0+0?C-&$07C7ZR4&:>u
&$fo4&:&F/
m90D4?9?%C0+0*-&$0C0
7#(YizYZ
i
@)&'ISzh
i
@)&'9T1M%(<0C0
hpzeiq490fzR1,!&$MZzf1,!
](M277G0$T&Q=p(
z ](MRYiiq=$&$}%p$T6
z ](MfSpzYiiq&Q=$&$-B%C0R$T6

z ](MZZpzSpq&Q=$&$-B%f$T6
z ](MY&}I9=%Y$T6
z ](Mi&}I}%T-6
z ](M AD0*/-6,$(MZ
>n,'?'LZiiY7"Y%eSe#
&$c,**GY%oYh#%0C+@/EO%Xb, Y%Rf#Ž
C<-B1&$0LZiiY,$@0•%ffZiii%@G‘Œ&0GYhhiii
&$c,**G,Yfpiii
]3^?  11
  !"#$
Hình 1.6: Cây dứa
1.1.6. Tình hình trồng dứa ở trong nước và trên thế giới
1.1.6.1 Tình hình trồng dứa trong nước
@7)1N*&$0]-BK7?$2-4XP
]$0&$’](1?C€Yo$P?9?6:;;*7DCDK
Yefo0;$,N*$7?9?=(*6 $Iz.,'%CuG07
,;A)N*
#,$-'=CMN#'%M.*0:,0+'8M
!P&':,0+&$=7^C?0 P*J9?6:&>
-'-c\A%l%XT%$k%#W%89#,$]PXv
@_"0##M-'C0fZiiii%y*7D,C0
piiiii0LZiYi%0=]PXv @_"0#=ZZiiilGGN*
67&>*u(7rm%:%"0W
j-'=:)%N%0%(9(f=
M=0$NVlGG[%=@G%=/XX=$
=CM-'%C), %, C7%0==lGG=, )
@7)$ P6CT*7&>-'&$N*6c\A%c2
lŠ%-BVkc\[
0HL1/%N7^C?2)@G:$7
?9?%&$:r$`1-*7D)$-#W%]P

%]PXv @_"05=opZ@G/,$,0+/PC7
'•%IQCONL=<N#,+-0LZiiSC<
]3^?  12
  !"#$
2#!C7N,+0o7)LC+C<2
-'+*rh#‰ #^-4FM2-',$ˆ‰%EO%
NIQ0=^-4ˆ‰?€A,'0HL'%;*7D
2#P(*&';+278$K,+%-'
-4%#*7*F?9(2C0ACON&$0PA&$
7D/0, &$, 
1.1.6.2. Tình hình trồng dứa trên thế giới
,$,0+/#' P*J9?:)&$&>:?'
EO"VX%ˆ0[EG0%/7V7"%c,*%l)%#[&$
@/c
?' P*J9?,$@G&=*>.*&'?(
#*C), 0%0*M07?9?Q
G0J†WƒC0eiq, ?' P67-'
*7D&$C<'7-'*7Dˆ‰VW%Xr%][%EO%NXLZiiR
J(=1Yfi)C<%Yi-'M?'Spq, 
?'0=’](%ˆ0%X%l)%c,*?'Y_20$
?'
1.1.7. Một số sản phẩm chế biến từ dứa
1.1.7.1 Dứa nước đường
-'-4 ?9?K%+T
?%_,“VA&Q%1*[?*(*%=-'-4
P 9$CMV#(%BA[%x*T*%>%,$(
07?9?,#C9^
#:*<H :M;91
2,#]-4CM-&$0*<C=7F90V&0&$0&'C)
, Q[$rvFML-B&^&$*1$0L7^-|0

*<
1.1.7.2 Nước dứa ép
-'x* ?9?9v77^9$0CQ9v*-B*7*
x*H=7^;*<00^-,%HB%&U
]3^?  13
Hình 1.7 Dứa nước đường
  !"#$
*<-'=(*=12&$/)7==7^;*<
0
]P(*-'>D);?*,$2?0$I=D_FP(*
-'D?9?7+*<C7-0%-'C7%U
#-'x*=:,0+-
+ -'x*+0@?9?9v77^9$0CQ9v*-B*7*x*
= ,T%,A%,0+9Q?^ *<6+0)C=,T^6
7909
„-'x*+F@?9?-B;--'x*+0@rC79#,$C
,T%,A#D--'0 *<-'x*+F&}I(, 
^0*<
+ -':V-4A,$G[@?9?9v7:^>&'^
9$0%P*-4%>7*FC7
1.1.7.3. Mứt quả
] ?9?K-B&'-4?(opzSiq]-40&$0*<
CrL(A&$L(-|$I=7F90*<&N
:,0+C1>$&}90,/$ 0$DL(
F0*<-49J*G# _F*J9?&$
=:,0+-%!%%C
Sơ đồ 1.1 : Quy trình sản xuất mứt khô
]3^?  14







 !
"#
!
"#
$
%&'
( 
)*
+',- ./
01(
2

.34
!

5
0
.34
  !"#$
l-
]3^?  15
  !"#$
 Thuyết minh
Phân loại:
 Mục đích:
l7,;A%*/,0+v9QH7-N*%-6?, 

2*<%A,#=(M*>.*%A7=CM-'P:
#*/,0+,$1?&=N,.07 !$
B
 Các bin đổi của nguyên liệu:
,#6P:&:CM-'%(M%7,$J-B
Chặt hoa, cuống:
 Mục đích:
"0+9Q*11&$)D!$B07(,•%A&Q”,0+9Q*1CL
 
 Bin đổi chính:
N,“C), 0` ,0+9Q*11&$)
/
 Mục đích:,0+9QY*1+*&$7C<&Q
 Bin đổi chính:
z07#*1,'&&N9:8&Q
Rửa:
]3^?  16
  !"#$
 Mục đích:
"0+9Q,0=,+9:80+/&$+*v90T
 Bin đổi chính:
N,“90CI>,0
@,\$`+0$0$&$=DGB?
Cắt đầu
 Mục đích:
"0+9Q*11&$)D!$B07(,•%A&Q
](,•
 Mục đích:,0+9Q*1,•%N,.07A&Q
Gọt vỏ:
 Mục đích:

mC77$D,0+9Q&Q
0$#TAIFM+00*<
Chích mắt
 Mục đích:
"0+QT*1C=7^-|y,$-6:?7^
*<
 Các yu tố ảnh hưởng:
](T%+2?9^MT*+1
E-4&$?9^*90&#
Rửa:
z Mục đích:
"$+,+007B?=D!9<&$,0+9Q+*I=
,+
z Bin đổi chính:
07,#`+ (+^
z Các yu tố ảnh hưởng:
-'_F*+<&#-'L)~s1, 
@YfZezZiiZ
Cắt khoanh, miếng:
]3^?  17
  !"#$
z Mục đích:
]^+,#G01VC0%•+[
z Các yu tố ảnh hưởng:
](T%+20
;Cx0,x0%$+02/$0 ^$:%
w*E-4*90&#%7!9<0,#
Chần:
z Mục đích:#(*1&&NDM,#%N#07
?*G00+7GbG0=

Thẩm thấu:
z Mục đích:
@#\,#
9?J$T0,#
L-4>&^0*<
•?&&N%90*1
Cô đặc
 Mục đích:
LP(C0
@<9^<9^D;#07?*G0
Sấy:
 Mục đích:
$, <0,#T9v#(0=
"$9?J,#&$+0M8-0*<
"$0+(2-'0,##&&N&$GbG%Cx0$
490*<
 Bin đổi
$, <%C), 
]3^?  18
  !"#$
ŽcG,%*,,,$*-48*C,#
-4C_&$7.*~
Z
;0cy+07.*G,0G
,$0*<9^N$
J&:*<$%>%&^%\
#*1,'&&N&$&0+GbG0,#07F#&$
00+(-'
Bao gói
 Mục đích:

!&ND%!^, %!*/*)
X0*<)<%-'%>
L&&N/N*
 Bin đổi chính:
N,“ 90=090CI?*\&'CCM90$
s?)-6X09*90($%&#
YZ Các loại mứt
E,$7*<?9?K-B0897?*<V*G%-'
%‚=U[&'-4?(CSiq]-40&$0*<CrD
L(A%(-|$I=7F90*<0*<=$
, -40%?9$0&&N6+709^K0+(&N%
=:,0+0C1>E()$, -4-B)*%
1*>&'4T2?D#G%)E=$
, 07&C<C0+( 
-4.*1L(0*<=D>*G9(%*G,Q08
W K/=(0&'P(i%Zq=`=CL+0
C1=-4&$?=,/0-4(29^
WM0-',+-=\-'&$60-'==+0$^CG0
&$+0
1.2.1. Cơ chế tạo đông cho mứt
c1,'7,0+:1=(^@1L(2*<
,$*GcGr=7F+00-4&7CG0*G#/
9^70„0-4I&$F
]3^?  19
  !"#$
z @7*G&$*G=7=0,Vzƒ[=CL=
0
z @7*/_*G#M/\=CL<,}%0=,$
`+&$,$L('2^&NC,$(M#&$(=
y,$07*/_*GM,+1%&$-B7&'+0$(+,-'

9:T*,Q90
z mL+0G,*F(2?&$0Z?):$23*G&$(
G0,=
 @:$2*/_?^(2G,
z ?*/_*G7T=yC+0G,8>_F&',:, 0
?*/_*G7$G,+0$
 E(G0,=^B?+0G,
z Ec+0G,9v,C?0
]-4=CL\<&$=,$(G=2*/_*G0
^
*I)@ƒƒz,$(M#27*/_&&N7*/_=
D?,+1D+0$,GC?(*/_&$+0G,"C?0 $
H7*/_*G=D0,%90,080,z90,mD,GC?$
C9:0=G,+0$y:•096M,(27*/_0C)G,
@\G,*F(&$0$, -4%$, %$, *G08
*G&$#(fizfp
i
@]-4&$0*G,$0G0=1*D
Cy/7^0-40G5C>
7:&7*y/^0(, ,'0Gy/C?
,0G&$=G,/# &=FmP(*G& 7, M.*
y/G,7m_F(, -40G,+0$$
z "Ec+0G,9v,GC?@
Z„
]:C#0G,C=8@
Z„
%6P(–i%Yq%C1-4&$
]3^?  20
  !"#$
j"Ec%r,#7=@ƒƒz0%0=7,C?H7*/_*Gy +0

$1),$70=^VŒŒ[%89#,$@
Z„
@\2G,*F(&$0P(@
Z„
I2@
Z„
&$0C,0+C70&#+0G,,$7=90,;0,
C?,+40@
Z„
7*/_*G7F03,}+0$C9:
&H
+0&$0=-6?(9:F70@
Z„
%W,
f„
,$L(
9:G,I0=^Œ-6:C#7^=7F ,+
1.2.2. Phân loại
@=D$7+
„mứt đông hay mứt quả đông K-'080>G0(
'2-'&$(2*<$-4=D*08C**G
„Mứt nhuyễn K*G$^&'-4@=DK(,0+
08K3.*:,0+>G0(82*<$^€,#-4*
&$0*G]DL(0*<=D*+0
„ Mứt miếng đông  K-B97?*<V‚=%,+
[DT?%&'-40*<=D*;
*<%*G
„Mứt rim 9v7&'-408^-'-40
00*<C9^7-'-40*<187-C
&$17CQ

„Mứt khô ?9?K&'-'-4&$'(ChiqE80$
?+0$(?$TF
]DCQ9^7%10^*u]D-4:%
-4G0*-B*7*70+%ozh,1%3,1Rzo*\%5=D
,GFY,1
0%T-4IGw]D+0,'*$TF8
0$?%\&$0-'-479`0Im\(&$0-'
-4=%y#(,'*Q-4C?
]3^?  21
  !"#$
YZf Điều kiện tạo đông cho mứt
cGr=7F+00-4%&7CG0*G#M
/9^70
„
2-4I&$FcG)0^
-4&'(C0Yq-B&'(*—f%Zzf%p
]-40&$05=7F+00*<]-4=7F,$
2?,$0-4=MG=c/_*G=H*170-'&$
H*1C˜-' ;=82&Q-'7*170-'L;C?.*H
7*/_*G]-4=7FCT*F;6=0$-4=DC?.*
&'*G&$+0P(-4™oiq%0&$001+1P(9`0I%
=D?(*10b9v,0bD7+0B&$D
7# +0-40
YZR Nguyên tắc bảo quản của sản phẩm mứt đông
07905-()*<6DC7%*<11
9^9`0Im8*<#HA-'A%=1100$
C)9^&H@7?)C7-6?# &H,$(2*<%(+*
&$7(BA'*<?*<=(0V*–Z%h[08:
+*&$^7(BA:!9^&HB
H-'&$774CI6+7P0*7&|/9v<~C&$

/9v#CG0@+0=, Cx%CLH-'Cx70(%,T
0*<
YZp Bao bì
0P(*-4_FZ=909
X097?*D;7P(*$*<%+0$7C#$
X09;?*?*\&';*<%>&';*<+0$(B&^
*<$=0$r&$)-4 A,$909P(*)&'*<
>9092X0929:&H&:8=A%w*-
8%!&|&$:#Cx
]3^?  22
  !"#$
s1909;*<
 m/((0;*<%C,$0;*<9?J
, %>&^%$T
 @^ #(&$7*0
 X:)&'7F2;*<
 :#)%TT%w
 !%•
 !$0_F%&ND&$90
-'C_F909* CD,+*<&$_+
@7,0+9092-4!9<&$C=_+B909C,0+%*_
CO9v=@7^C:Vƒ%mƒ%
Z
@ƒ
f
[-4,$029^4
&+0827.*@,90^3.*2ƒfq%
f
cƒ
R

Yq&$
Z
ƒ
f
C,$42]D7>,A2>==@,
Z
&'
$, 0+(Yiit, C_=%7>%_,+9v-'=-'
,`+%C08D70
YZo Một số quy trình mứt đông
W Quy trình mứt xoài
]3^?  23
YhX092
678
89:;:
<=
<=
./">
?@A
:B
.3
8!
"**
CA (

"#
!
A
8!D
( 1(

)E
)FG4-
HA
  !"#$
Sơ đồ 1.2 Quy trình mứt xoài
]3^?  24
  !"#$
Thuyết minh
Y c/,0+
YY Mục đích công nghệ: chuẩn bị cho quá trình bổ quả, tách hạt
c/,0+%,0+KHC27%/9#%G)%)Q
c/,#P:&:CM-'%+%$T%(M
Yêu cầu:
z E(&wA0$M0$0$%=$&$*}%$%=&^
A%>B0%C7%C)Q
Z •_
2.1 Mục đích công nghệ: <9^079J&$7+
v,0+K+*BA-%7%9F&$,$, &&N60$&Q
,#
•_IvFM<+()07A/(+ >0CON
#*-*/K/%)90&#;&NU
])&'H,#79<%-4-4;#C/_-'C/*/
,0+D,$,(H3-Q%D!,;A&$*/,0+B
2.2 Các bin đổi :
z 07_C=;9?J&:8=A%=&$=,“
z l7/_C), ,#Ki%p‡Yq
z X?JA, &&N
f XJ%7+
3.1 Mục đích công nghệ :<9^
XJ%7+v,0+9Q7*1C_F %7^-|*%=D

-6?, *<
]P4\*07$ !B
]3^?  25