Luận Văn Phát Triển Thị Trường Lao Động Thủ Đô Viêng Chăn, Lào.pdf

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i DHKTOD


BO• GIAO DUC
VA DAO TAO
•
•

TRtfO’NG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

TRUONG DHKTQD

TT. THONGTIN TH WIEN

INTHONG BOUALAPHANH

PHAT TRIEN THI• TRIONG LAO DONG
•

THU DO VIENG CHAN, LAO

Chuyen nganh: Kinh te Iao dong
Ma nganh: 8310105

LUAN VAN THAC SI KINH TE PHAT TRIEN

Ngudi Huong D6n Khoa Hoc:

PGS.TS. YU HOANG NGAN
DAI HOC K.T.Q.D *
TT. THONG TIN THUVIEN

PHONGLUANAN-TULJEU

Ha Noi, nam 2019


LOI CAM DOAN
Toi da doc va hi£u ve cac hanh vi vi pham su trung thuc trong hoc thuat. Toi

cam k£t bang danh du ca nhan ring nghien cuu nay do toi tu thuc hien va khong vi
pham yeu cau ve su trung thuc trong hoc thuat.
Tac gia luan van

INTHONG BOUALAPHANH


LO’I CAM. ON
Trong suot qua trinh hoc tap va hoan thanh luan van nay, toi da nhan dugc su

huong dan, giup du nhiet tinh cua cac thay co giao, ban be, dong nghiep va gia dinh.

Voi tarn long tran trong va biet on sau sac, toi xin bay to su cam on chan thanh den
PGS. TS. Vu Hoang Ngan

da truc tiep huong dan ve kien thuc cung nhu phuong

phap nghien cuu, chinh sua trong qua trinh thuc hien Luan van.

Mac du ban than cung rat co gang trong qua trinh nghien cuu va thuc hien

Luan van nhung do thou gian, kinh nghiem va ngon ngu cOn han che nen khong
tranh khoi nhung thieu sot. Vi vay, toi rat mong nhan dugc su chi dan, gop y cua
quy thay, co giao va tat ca ban be.

Cuoi cung, xin cam on gia dinh, dong nghiep va ban be da quan tam, chia se
va dong vien toi hoan thanh ban luan van nay.

Tac gia luan van

INTHONG BOUALAPHANH


YEU CAU CUA HQI DONG CHAM LUAN VAN THAC SI YE
Nhung diem c^n sua chua bd sung truac khi nop luan van chi'nh thuc cho Vien
dao tao SDH

Chu tich Hoi dong
(Ky va ghi ro ho ten)

Cam ket cua Hoc vien7
ftfxco... \$&.. -Xy •

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irlh .

Inthong BOUALAPHANH
1 Neu hpc vien c6 trAch nhipm chinh sua theo yeu cAu cua H$i ddng cham luyn vSn. Trong trubng hop khong chinh sua sg

khong dupc cong nh£n ket qua bio vp
Hoc vien phii ddng bin y£u cAu chinh sua niy vio trudc phAn myc lyc luan vSn chinh thuc khi npp cho Vipn DT SDH

4/254


BQ GIAO DQC VA DAOTAO
Truong Dai hpc Kinh te Quoc dan

•
•
•
•

BAN NHAN XET LUAN VAN THAC SI
CUA PHAN BIEN
Ho va ten nguoi nhan xet: Tran Huy Phuong
Hoc ham, hoc vi: Tien si
Nhiem vu trong Hoi dong: Phan bien 1
Co quan cong tac: Khoa Kinh te va Quan ly Nguon nhan luc, Truong Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan.

• Ten de tai:Phat trien thi truong lao dong thu do Vieng Chan, Lao.
• Ten hoc vien: Inthong Boualaphanh
• Chuyen nganh: Kinh te va Quan ly Nguon nhan luc.
• Co so dao tao: Truong Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan
NOI DUNG NHAN XET
I. Cac ket qua dat dupe va dong gop cua luan van:

- Tinh phu hop cua de tai voi ma so chuyen nganh dao tao:

Phat trien thi truong lao dong la mot trong nhung chu de chuyen sau va quan trong cua kinh te lao dong,
dac biet trong boi canh canh tranh nhu hien nay do do ten de tai phu hop voi chuyen nganh dao tao.
- Su trung lap voi cac luan van hay cong trinh nghien ciru khac: Luan van khong co su trung lap Ion
voi cac cong trinh, luan van da cong bo khac ma toi dupe biet.
- Ket cau luan van:

Ngoai phan mo dau, luan van dupe ket cau gom 3 chuong truyen thong, noi dung cua cac chuong phu
hop voi tieu de va logic cua mot luan van thac sy kinh td theo dinh huong thuc hanh. Luan van co tong
cong 84 trang: chuong 1: 20 trang; chuong 2: 39 trang; va chuong 3: 25 trang, dupe phan bo tuong doi
can doi va hop ly.
3. - Y nghia khoa hpc, thuc tien va tinh cap thiet cua de tai
De tai co tinh moi khi de cap den van de phat trien nguon nhan luc tai mot thi truong chua thuc su phat
trien nhu tai Thu do Vieng Chan, Lao. Neu dupe nghien cuu ky luong va trinh bay khoa hoc, chat che, de
tai co gia tri thuc tien cao.
- Do tin cay cua so lieu

Tai lieu, so lieu dupe su dung trong luan van la so lieu thu cap, dupe thu thap tir cac phong ban cua cong
ty nen dam bao do tin cay. Ngoai ra, tac gia co thu thap so lieu so cap thong qua dieu tra xa hoi hoc voi
bang hoi gui toi can bo cong nhan vien trong cong ty, do do so lieu thu dupe dam bao tinh hien dai.
- Dong gop khoa hoc va thuc tien

Luan van da tong hop dupe mot sd vAn dd co so ly luan ve thi truong lao dong, phat trien thi truong lao
dong, cac yeu to anh huong va tong hop kinh nghiem cua mot so dia phuong. Tren co so phan tich thuc
trang phat trien thi truong lao dpng, cac ydu t6 anh huong, tac gia da dua ra dupe cac danh gia vd phat
trien thi truong lao dong o Vieng ChSn. Tren co so do, tac gia de xuat dupe mot s6 giai phap trien thi
truong lao dong o Vieng Chan.
II. Nhung thieu sot va ton tai cua luan van
1. Phan mo- dau:

- Tong quan tinh hinh nghien cuu: chua co phan tong quan tinh hinh nghien cuu bao gom cac cong

trinh da cong bo co lien quan dSn chu d£ cua de tai.
- Phan phuong phap nghien cun: Chua co cac nguon du lieu so cap thu thap thong qua phong van sau
cac lanh dao so lao dong hoac cac chuyen gia ve thi truong lao dong. Day cung la diem han che Ion nhat
cua luan van.
2. Phan co sd ly luan:

- Bo sung trich dan nguon cho phan co so ly luan ve dac diem thi truong lao dong, phat trien thi truong
lao dong...


- C^n lam ro cAc khAi ni?m co ban nhu phat triAn thi trirang lao dong, cAc thAnh to vA cAc hoat dong cu

the cua phat trien thi trudng lao d$ng.
- CAc tiAu chi dua ra de dAnh phAt triAn thi truong lao dgng con khA chung chung, chtra dAm bAo tinh do
ludng dirge, tAc giA can chi rd cAch thuc do ludng cAc yAu t6 nAy.

3. Phan phan tich thirc trang:
- Phan dAnh giA thuc trang chu yeu chi mo ta thuc trang cua thi truong lao dong chu chira phan tich dirge
cAc vAn de lien quan den phAt trien thi truong lao dong.
- Do thiAu khung phan tich vA cAc tieu chi dAnh giA phAt triAn thi truong lao dong nen chira chi ra dugc
khoAng cAch vA muc do phAt triAn thi truong lao dong.
- TAc giA cAn bAm sAt phAn tich thuc trang dua trAn cAc tiAu chi dua ra trong chuong 1 vi du nhu ty le
ngudi dugc tiAp can vdi he thdng thong tin thi truong lao dong. DA dAnh giA phAt triAn cAu lao dong chi sir
dung co cAu c6 thuc su phii hop?
- ThiAu cAc s6 lieu so cAp, dAc biet tir phong vAn sAu nAn chua co cAc phAn tich co giA tri lam co so cho
cAc giai phAp phAt triAn thi truong lao dong.

4. Phfin giai phAp va de xuat
Mgt s6 giai phAp phAt triAn thi truong lao dong tucrng doi chung chung, chua kha thi, chua co diAu kien va
lo trinh thuc hien cung nhu chua co kha nAng do ludng tinh hieu qua cua giai phAp.

III. KET LUAN
VA tdng thA dAy la mgt bAn luan vAn nghiAm tile, thA hien no luc va co gAng cua hoc viAn. Nhin chung,
mAc du c6 mQt s6 han chA, nhung doi chiAu vdi cAc tiAu chuAn cua mot luan vAn thac sy, toi dong y dA tAc
giA duoc nhan hoc vi thac sy nAu bao ve thanh cong luan vAn trudc hoi ddng va chinh sua theo cAc ggi y
cua thAnh viAn hoi ddng.

CAu hoi 1: TAc giA uu tiAn thuc hien giAi phAp nAo dA phAt trien thi trudng lao dong tai thu do
ViAng ChAn? Vi sao?

XAC NHAN CHUNKY

Ha Noi, ngay 9 thang 12 nam 2019
NGUdl NHAN XET

TS. Tran Huy Phuong


NHAN
• XET LUAN
• VAN THAC
• SY
De tai "Phat trien thi truang lao dong Thu do Vieng Chan - Lao"
Hoc vien cao hoc thuc hi^n: INTHONG BOULAPHANH

Giao vien huang dan khoa hoc: PGS.TS Vu Hoang Ngan
Luan van thac sy kinh te (Chuyen nganh Kinh te & Quan ly nguon nhan luc)
r

i

Sau khi doc luan van dai 89 trang A4, 14 bang bieu so lieu toi co nhan xet.

I. Tinh cap thiet cua de tai
Dien bien nhanh chong cua cuoc CMCN 4.0 ngay cang sau rong da dat nuac

CHDCND Lao noi chung & Thu do Vieng Chan noi rieng truac nguang cua cua

nhieu co hoi va ca thach thuc trong viec phat trien thi truang lao dong. Tao viec

lam va tang cuang ky nang cho nguai lao dong la mot trong nhUng muc tieu quan
trong doi hoi phai chuan bi luc luong luong lao dong, chu trong xay dung thi
truang lao dong dong bo, phu hap yeu cau thi truang va boi canh mai.
Nhan thuc ro a thu do Vieng Chan thi truang lao dong la mot thi truang mai

hinh thanh va phat trien, con co nhung han che nhat dinh, co sy phat trien khong
dong nhat giua cac vung, cac khu vuc, trong qua trinh phat trien can phai co nhung
buac di thich hap; hoc vien cao hoc Inthong BoulaPhanh da chon de tai "Phat
trien thi truang lao dong Thu do Vieng Chan - Lao" lam luan van tot nghiep.
TA

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9

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Luan van co y nghia ca ve li luan cung nhu ve thuc tien cuoc song.

II. Ket qua chung:
1) Luan van da dat duac muc dich va nhiem vu nghien cuu:
Z

A

9

A

+ Co ban da he thong hoa mot so li luan ve thi truang lao dong va phat trien

thi truang lao dong
+ Phan tich thuc trang thi truang lao dong tren dia ban thu do Vieng Chan

chi ra nhung bat cap, cac nguyen nhan dan den thanh cong va han che lien quan
9

<

a

r

den thi truang lao dong nhu dao tao va phat trien tay nghe, he thong dich vu viec

1

lam, quan if lao dong, miic do tham gia BHXH, cac cong tac phoi hop khac co

lien quan.
+ Be xuat cac giai phap va khuyen nghi nham hoan thien va phat trien. thi
A

f

■»

truong lao dong gop phan phat trien kinh te - xa hoi cua Thu do Vieng Chan.
•

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r

2) Ket cau luan van gom 3 chuong truyen thong: Chuong 1: 20 trang
(23,8%), Chuong 2: 38 trang (45,2%) va Chuong 3: 26 trang (30,9%) => Tuong

doi hop li
3) Chuong 1 gom 5 noi dung

+ Thi truong lao dong: Khai niem, dac diem phan loai
r

r

r

+ Ban chat vai tro va cac yeu to hinh thanh thi truong lao dong
r

r

+ Cac nhan to anh huong den thi truong lao dong
+ Cac tieu chi do luong su phat trien cua thi truong lao dong

+ Kinh nghiem phat trien thi truong lao dong o Viet Nam
A

•

4) Chuong 2 gom 3 noi dung

+ Gioi thieu ve Thu do Vieng Chan

+ Thuc trang thi truong lao dong Thu do Vieng Chan
+ Banh gia tac dong cung cau lao dong o thi truong lao dong Thu do Vieng

Chan voi 6 diem manh va 4 han che cung 5 nguyen nhan dan den han che.
A

5) Chuong 3 gom 3 noi dung
+ Quan diem, muc tieu va dinh huong phat trien thi truong lao dong Thu do

Vieng.Chan
+ Giai phap phat trien thi truong lao dong gom 2 nhom giai phap lon:
- Giai phap chung (3)

- Giai phap bo phan (4)
+ Kien nghi voi co quan don vi quan li cua Nha nuoc.

III. Motso gop y detac giachinh sura 1 uan van

(1) Tronnl oi noi dau
r

7

\

+ Chua co tong quan nghien cuu lien quan den de tai

2


X

z

z

.

+ Phuong phap nghien cuu chua da dang, nang ve su dung so lieu thong ke
r

x

chua co dieu tra khao sat, phong van.
X

Z

(2) Cau van chua duoc trau chuot, nhieu cau chua ro nghia (Giao vien huong
dan chu y sua lai cau van cho hoc vien)

(3) Trich dan doi cho can xem lai (chu thich 8 trang 8)
r

z

\

(4) Trang 12 va trang 13: 1.3.3. Cac nhan to anh huong den can bang cung
cau lao dong:

Tieu de can doi tot cung cau tren thi trudng lao dong (1.3.3.2) khong dung
ma thay bang he thong chinh sach phat luat cua Nha nuoc (gom 3 chinh sach: Thu
r

•»

hut FDI, dao tao; dich vu viec lam, xuat - nhap khau lao dong)
(5) Muc 1.5 trang 16 Bai hoc kinh nghiem phat trien thi trudng lao dong Viet

Nam => nen dat lai kinh nghiem phat trien thi trudng lao dong Viet Nam va bai
hoc kinh nghiem cho Thu do Vieng Chan.
X

Z

1.5.1; 1.5.2 co roi vay thi phai co 1.5.3. Bai hoc rut ra cho Vieng Chan may

bai? Mot la, hai la, ba la,....
(6) Trang 25 bang 2.2 nen co % de so sanh: gia su lay 2015 lam goc: 16/15,

17/15, 18/15 va 17/16, 18/17,.... thi hay hon.
r

r

r

(7) Trang 30 bang 2.3 nen thiet ke lai bang nay va xem lai cac so lieu!
(8) Trang 40 bang 2.9 nen lay theo chuoi thdi gian 2016,2017,2018 khong
chi la' 2018.

(9) Trang 41,42 dong cuoi trang 42: 607.305 vi tri viec lam khong khop voi
657.305 d bang 2.10 trang 41
(10) Trang 44 bang 2.12 cung nen lay theo chuoi thdi gian

.

(11) Trang 51 chua co thu nhap o cac thanh phan kinh te va cac loai hinh

doanh nghiep
•>

•>

(12) Trang 54,55 uu diem dat duoc trong phat trien thi trudng lao dong Thu
do Vieng Chan chua neu ro nguyen nhan

(13) 4 han che trang 56,57 chua ro dau la han che, dau la nguyen nhan
(14) Tieu de. chuong 3 (trang 59) nen them phuong huong phat trien va....

3


(15) Trang 78 muc 3.2.2.3 giai phap thuc day thi truong lao dong xuat khau:

khong can thiet chac lai 6 dong han chu ve thong tin thong ke thi truong lao dong
(Chuong 2 da cUi roi)
_
'
(16) Trang 80 muc 3.2.2.4. chucg dieu kien thuc hien cac giai phap..... nen

gop lai voi 3.3 thanh khuyen nghi voi thanh pho va cac So, ban nganh lien quan
cua Thu do Vieng • Chan (12 voi TP va 5 voi So, ban nganh)
X

r

T

y

r

IV. • Ket luan: Mac du con khiern khuyettrens ong tac gi acugg conh icu co
gang,

co

luc hoan thanh tot bai viut; nuu tra loi duoc cac cau hoi cua Hoi dong

cham • luac vac, tac gia luac van xucg dang nhan hoc vi Thac sy Quan li Kich tu.
Ha Noi, ngay 10 thang 12 nam 2019

Cau hoi:

Trang 11 Lao khong cU ku hoach hUa gia dich song trang 65 luac vac cU ceu:
tuyec ' truyec sau rong cac chu truocg chinh sach cua Dacg, Nha cuoc Lao va Thu

do Viecg Chan ve cocg tac Dac so - Ke hoach hUa gia dich. Tdc gia giai thich cu
the va dach gia su anh huocg toi phat trien thi truocg lao dong viec lam cua Viecg

Chac?

4

BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO
TRUONG DAI HQC KINH TE QUOC DAN

CONG HOA XA HQI CHU NGHIA VIET NAM
Dqc lap - Ty do - Hanh phuc

Ha Noi, ngay | thang

|7. nam

2019

BAO CAO CHINH SU*A, HOAN THIEN LUAN VAN
THEO YEU CAU CUA HOl
VAN TOT NGHIEP
• DONG DANH GIA LUAN
•
•

Ho va ten: Inthong BOUALAPHANH
Nguoi huong dan: PGS.TS. Vu Hoang Ngan

Ma HV: CH260695
Chuyen nganh: Kinh te lao dong

Ten de tai luan van: Phat trien thi truong lao dong Vieng Chan, Lao
Can cu quyet nghi tai buoi hop ngay 10/12/2019 cua Hoi dong danh gia luan van tot
nghiep (dupe thanh lap theo Quyet dinh so 3135/QD-DHKTQD ngayl 8/11/2019 cua Hieu

truong Truong Dai hoc Kinh te Quoc dan), hoc vien da chinh sua, hoan thien luan van theo
cac noi dung nhu sau:

STT

1

2
3

4

5

6

Yeu cau bo sung, sua chua
cua Hoi dong danh gia

Bo sung trich dan nguon tai
lieu tham khao theo quy dinh
Lam ro cac khai niem co ban
va cac tieu chi danh gia
Bo sung them so lieu va
chinh sua bang bieu
Lam ro cac noi dung co ban
ve phat trien thi truong lao
dong
Can phan tich them bai hoc
kinh nghiem phat trien TTLD

Vieng Chan
Giai phap can phai cu the hon
Ngtrfri hirong dan
(Ky va ghi rd ho ten)

Noi dung HV da chinh sua, bo
sung hoac giai trinh ly do neu
muon bao luu y kien ban dau
Bo sung

The hien trong
luan van (ghi rd
so dong, so trang)

Trang 1,2

Da chinh sua va lam ro mot so
khai niem co ban co lien quan
Bo sung so lieu cua Bang 2.2, 2.9
va2.12
Trinh bay them mot so noi dung

Trang 2, 3

Trinh bay them mot so kinh
nghiem nit ra cho Vieng Chan ve
phat trien TTLD
Cu the hoa mot so giai phap

Trang 20-21

Trang 26, 41,
45
Trang 41, 42,
44, 48, 52-57.

Trang 73-80

Hqc vien


MUC
LUC
•
•
LOT CAM DOAN
LOI CAM ON
DANH MUC TU’ VIET TAT

DANH MUC SO DO BANG, B1EU, HINH
MUC LUC

TOM TAT KET QUA NGHIEN CUU LUAN VAN
PHAN MODAU
CHUONG 1: LY LUAN VA THUC TIEN VE THI TRUONG LAO DONG............. i
1.1. Thi trudng lao dong, khai niem, dac diem, phan loai.................................................. 4

1.1.1 .Khai niem thi truang lao dong..................................................................... 4

1.1.2. Dac diem cua thi truang lao dong............................................................... 6

1.1.3. Phan loai thi trudng lao dong......................................................................8
1.2. Ban chat, vai trd va cac yeu to hinh thanh thi trudng lao dong................................ 9

1.2.1. Ban chat phat trien thi trudng lao dong...................................................... 9

1.2.2. Vai trd cua phat trien thi trudng lao dong.................................................. 10

1.2.3. Cac yeu to hinh thanh va phat trien thi trudng lao dong............................. 11
1.3.

Cac nhan to anh huong den thi trudng lao dong...................................................... 12

1.3.1. Cac nhan to anh huong den cau lao dong.................................................. 12
1.3.2. Cac nhan to anh huong den cung lao dong................................................ 13
1.3.3. Cac nhan to anh hudng den can bang cung cau lao dong........................... 15
1.4. Cac tieu chi do luong su’ phat trien thi trudng lao dong............................................17

1.4.1. Tieu chi lien quan den cung lao dong......................................................... 17
1.4.2. Tieu chi lien quan den cau lao dong........................................................... 17

1.4.3. Tieu chi ve gia ca sue lao dong................................................ '.................. 18
1.4.4. Tieu chi danh gia he thong giao dich va thong tin thi trudng lao dong......... 18
1.5. Kinh nghiem phat trien thi trudng lao dong o- Viet Nam va bai hoc kinh nghiem
cho Thu do Vieng Chan............................................................................................................. 19

1.5.1. Phat trien thi trudng lao dong d Ha Noi, Viet Nam.................................... 19

1.5.2. Phat trien thi trudng lao dong d Da Nang, Viet Nam................................. 22
1.5.3. Bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Thu do Vieng Chan........................................... 22

CHU’ONG 2: PHAN TICH THUC TRANG THI TRUONG LAO DONG THU DO

VIENG CHAN, LAO......................................................................................... 25

2.1. Gioi thieu ve Thu do Vieng Chan................................................................. 25
2.1.1. Vi tri dia ly va dieu kien tu nhien............................................................. 25

2.1.2. Co so ha tang......................................................................................... 28
2.1.3. Dieu kien van hoa, y tn, giao due, chinh tri va bo may quan ly nha nude ve
lao dong............................................................................................................ 31
2.1.4. Dieu kien kinh te - xa hoi......................................................................... 34

2.2. There Crangthi t ruu'ng laa Oonn thu do Vienn Chan, Laa.............................. 6
2.2.1. Thee trang cung lao dOng cua Thu do Vieng chan..................................... 36
2.2.2. Thec trang cau lao dOng cua Thu do Vieng chan...................................... 42

2.2.3. Can bang thi trunng lao dOng Thu do Vieng Chan.................................... 50
2.2.3.1. Tinh hinh he thong, thong tin dich vu viec lam thi trunng lao dOng Thu do

Vieng chan....................................................................................................... 50
2.3. Danh gia tac dong cung - ecu lao dong d thj trunng lao dong Thu do

Vieng Chan................................................

1..........................................................................................................................................

2.3.1. Ou diem dat duoc trong phat Irien tin litunng lao dong Thu do Vieng Chan

58

59

2.3.2. Han che trong phat trien thi trunng lao dOng Thu do Vieng Chan............... 60
2.3.3. Nguyen nhan cua nhung bat cap trong phat trien thi trunng lao dOng Thu do
Vieng Chan...................................................................................................... 62
CHU’ONG 3: NHUNG GIAI PHAP NHAM PHAT TRIEN THI TRU’ONG LAO

DONG THU DO VIENG CHAN DEN NAM 2025............................................... 64

3.1. Quan diem, muc tieu va dinh hunng phat trien thi trunng lao dOng Thu

do Vieng Chan................................................................................................ 64
3.1.1. Quan diem phat trien thi trunng lao dOng Thu do Vieng Chan................... 64

3.1.2. Dinh huong phat trien thi trunng lao dOng Thu do Vieng Chan................. 65
3.1.3. Muc tieu phat trien thi trunng lao dOng Thu do Vieng Chan...................... 66

3.2. Giai pphp pp^tHen t lu trunnniao (-laOn tith dd Vienn Chan Laa................. 69
3.2.1. Nhung giai phap ceuug............................................................................ 69
3.2.2. Nhung giai phap phat trien thi trunng lao dOng bO phan.............................81
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3.3. Kien nnM voi Thann pph, cca So; Bann Ngann co 1ien qqan.......................... 85


3.3.1. Doi vdi Thanh pho Vieng Chan................................................................ 85
3.3.2. Doi vdi sd LD & PLXH Vieng Chan....................................................... 87

3.3.3. Doi vdi Sd Cong thuong Thu do Vieng Chan............................................87

3.3.4. Doi vdi Lien doan lao dong Thu do Vieng Chan........................................ 87

3.3.5. Doi vdi Sd cong an Thu do Vieng Chan.................................................... 88

3.3.6. Doi vdi Sd Hop tac thu do Vieng Chan..................................................... 88

KET LUAN...................................................................................................... 90
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO......................................................

92


DANH M'UC TU ’ VIET TAT
VIET TAT

ASEAN

TIENG VIET/TIENG ANH

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Hiep hoi

CMKT
CNKT
CHDCND Lao Lao
DNNVV
DN
DNNN
GTSL

HTX
LD&PLXH

cac Quoc gia Dong Nam A)
Chuyen mon ky thuat
Cong nhan ky thuat
Cong hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao
Doanh nghiep nho va vua
Doanh nghiep
Doanh nghiep Nha nuoc
Gia tri san lupng
Hop tac xa
Lao dong va phuc loi xa hoi

NLCT
NXB
PGS.TS

Nang luc canh tranh
Nha xuat ban
Pho giao su, Tien sy

QD
QH
TNHH
THCS

Quyet dinh
Quoc hoi
Trach nhiem huu han

Trung hoc co so

THPT

Trung hoc pho thong

UBND

Uy ban nhan dan

WTO

World Trade Organization (To chuc Thuong mai

TTLD

The gioi)
Thi truong lao dong

LLLD

Luc lupng lao dong


DANH MUC SO DO BANG, BIEU, HINH
l.Danh muc Bang
Bang 2.1: Dien tich va dan so Vieng Chan (2018)........................................ 27
Bang 2.2: Tong gia tri san luong Thu do Vieng Chan 2015-2018................ 29
Bang 2.3. Dan so theo do tuoi lao dong tai thu do Vieng Chan giai doan..... 34

2015-2018........................................................................................................ 34

Bang 2.4. Muc tang trudng kinh te (GDP) thu do Vieng Chan giai doan 2015-201835
Bang 2.5: Co cau kinh te theo nganh cua Thu do Vieng Chan giai doan 2015-201835

Bang 2.6: Bien dong dan so thu do Vieng Chan tu nam 2015 - 2018.......... 36
Bang 2.7: Co cau cung lao dong theo trinh do hoc van pho thong............... 38

Bang 2.8: Luc luong lao dong thu do Vieng Chan theo trinh do chuyen mon

nghiep vu......................................................................................................... 39
Bang 2.9: Lao dong du 15 tuoi trd len co viec lam........................................ 44
Bang 2.10: Lao dong su dung va co cau su dung lao dong............................ 45

Bang 2.11: Tinh hinh bien dong LD tai cac doanh nghiep nam 2018 theo khu
vuc kinh doanh.............................................................................................. 46
Bang 2.12: Lao dong nude ngoai tai cac doanh nghiep cua Vieng Chan nam
2018 chia theo khu vuc.................................................................................. 48

Bang 2.13. Thong tin dich vu viec lam thi trudng lao dong thu do Vieng Chan
giai doan 2015-2018...................................................................................... 50
Bang 2.14: Ty le lao dong qua dao tao dap ung duoc yeu cau cua cac doanh
nghiep thu do Vieng Chan............................................................................. 53

Bang 3.1: Du bao tong so luong nhu cau lao dong thu do Vieng Chan den

nam 2030.........................................................................................................67
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Bang 3.2: Du bao nhu cau lao dong qua dao tao thu do Vieng Chan den

nam 2030......................................................................................................... 68
Danh
2.

muc Hinh

Hinh 2.1: Ban do thu do Vieng Chan...................................................................25


BO GIAO DUC VA DAO TAO
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, A .

_____ £_

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TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

-------- -------------------------

INTHONG BOUALAPHANH

PHAT TRIEN THI TRU'O'NG LAO DONG
THU DO VIENG CHAN, LAO
•

•

Chuyen nganh: Kinh te lao dong

Ma nganh: 8310105

TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SI

Ha Noi, nam 2019

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TOM TAT KET QUA NGHIEN CUU LUAN VAN

CHUONG 1: LY LUAN
• VA THU
• 'C TIEN VE THI• TRUO'NG

LAO DONG
1.1. Thi truong lao dong, khai niem, dac diem, phan loai
1.1.1. Khai niem thi truong lao dong

Thi truong lao dong va hieu mot each tong the la Thi truong lao dong la noi
thuc hien cac quan he xa hoi giua nguoi mua sue lao dong va nguoi ban sue lao dong
thong qua cac hinh thuc thoa thuan ve gia ca suc lao dong, viec lam, va cac dieu kien
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viec lam, duoc xac dinh qua hop dong lao dong bang van ban, hoac bang van ban hanh

chinh khong phai hop dong, hoac bang mieng.
1.1.2. Dac diem cua thi truong lao dong

1.1.2.1. Hang hoa tren thi truong lao dong la hang hoa dac biet
Thi truong lao dong co hoat dong khac biet va nhieu dac biet hon so voi thi

truong khac, no gdn voi tinh chit va cac dac thu cua qua trinh tai san xuat suc lao

dong, co su khac biet ve: quyen sd huu, dieu kien ton tai, mat gia tri hang hoa, gia su
dung hang hoa...

1.1.2.2. Thi truong lao dong luon da dang va linh hoat tuy thuoc vao su quan ly
cua nha nuoc.

Su da dang va linh hoat cua thi truong lao dong phu thuoc vao luat phap va cac
nhan to tac dong den thi truong nhu: Nha nuoc, doanh nghiep, chu sd huu, the che,

chinh sach, moi truong hoat dong, nguoi lao dong va cac nhan to khac.
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1.1.2.3. Cac yeu to quyet dinh den gia ca suc lao dong va vi the dam phan tren
thi truong lao dong
Gia ca suc lao dong va vi the dam phan tren thi truong lao dong thuong bi
quyet dinh bdi: cung lao dong, cau lao dong, gia ca suc lao dong, can bang va canh

tranh tren thi truong lao dong.
1.1.3. Phan loai thi truong lao dong


11

Co the phan loai thi truong lao dong theo nhom hoac theo goc do nhin nhan
khae nhau: muc do phat trien cua TTLD, goc do phap ly, goc do dai ly...

1.2. Ban chat, vai tro va cac yen to hinh thanh thi triro'nglao dong
1.2.1. Ban chatphat trien thi trudng lao dong

Su phat trien cua thi truong lao dong phai danh gia tren chi so ket qua dua tren

muc tieu de ra va cac dinh huong cua nen kinh te - xa hoi noi chung va thi truong lao
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dong noi rieng.

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1.2.2. Vai tro cua phat trien thi trud'ng lao dong

Tinh hinh cua thi truong lao dong co anh huong truc tiep den doi song kinh te xa hoi noi chung va tung nguoi lao dong noi rieng, nhat la lao dong tre.
1.2.3. Cac yeu td hinh thanh va phat trien thi trud’ng lao dong

1.2.3.1. Yeu to hinh thanh thi truong lao dong

Ban than nguoi lao dong chinh la yeu to hinh thanh len thi truong lao dong va
khi tro thanh hang hoa suc lao dong.
I.2.3.2. Yeu to phat trien thi truong lao dong

Tinh hinh phat trien kinh te mot cach lanh manh va su phat trien co so ha tang
cua thi truong lao dong la yeu to quan trong nhat de phat trien thi truong lao dong.
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1.3. Cac nhan to anh hirongden thi (trunng lao (hong
1.3.1. Cac nhan td anh huong den cau lao dong

Cau lao dong tren thi truong lao dong thuong bi anh huong boi su bien dong

cua gia ca suc lao dong, ky thuat cong nghe va quy mo nen kinh te phat trien.
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1.3.2. Cac nhan td anh huong den cung lao dong

Cung lao dong huong do quy mo va muc do bien dong quy mo cua ban than
cung lao dong ngoai ra con bi anh huong boi trinh do ve the luc, tri luc, y thuc cua
nguoi lao dong, kha nang di chuyen cua lao dong giua cac khu vuc kinh te va muc do

dap ung cua co cau lao dong.
1.3.3. Cac nhan td anh huong den can bang cung cau lao dong

Chat luong cua he thong thong tin thi truong lao dong, he thong trung gian cua


iii

thi trudng lao dong va he thdng chinh sach phap luat cua nha nudc va chinh sach cua

thu do Vieng Chan anh huong truc ti£p va gian tiep tdi can bang thi trudng lao dong

thu do Vieng Chan.

1.3.3.1. He thong thong tin thi trudng lao dong
He thdng thOng tin thi trudng lao dong bao gdm: He thong trung tam gidi thieu
viec lam va cac doanh nghiep hoat dong dich vu viec lam; cong tac du bao, cap nhat
ve du lieu phan tich, du bao thi trudng lao dong.

1.3.3.2. He thong chinh sach phap luat cua nha nudc
He thdng chinh sach, phap luat la cong cu cua co quan nha nudc, Bo, Ban,

Nganh co lien quan de thuc thi trong viec can thiep vao hoat dong cua thi trudng lao

dong nham dam bao tOt co hoi tao cong an viec lam tot nhat cho ngudi lao dong, cung
cap viec lam vdi lpi ich cao nhat cho ngudi lao dong.
1.4. Cac tieu chi do lu-dng sur phat trien thi truo’ng lao dong
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1.4.1. Tieu chi lien quan den cung lao dong

Chinh cac nhan tO anh huong d£n cung lao dong, su bien dong va su phat trien
cua chung la cac tieu chi danh gia su phat trien cua cung lao dong.
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1.4.2. Tieu chi lien quan den cau lao dong

Su phat trien lupng cAu lao dong dupc danh gia qua vi tri lam viec con trong va

viec lAp dAy sd lupng chd lam viec tren thi trudng lao dong, con ve chat lupng thi danh
qua cac co cAu lao dong phan theo nhung hinh thuc khac nhau va ty le thieu viec lam.
1.4.3. Tieu chi ve gia ca suc lao dong

Tien cong, tien luong va cac khoan thu nhap hpp phap dupc huong tu cong viec
la tieu chi danh gia suc lao dong.
1.4.4. Tieu chidanh gia he thong giao dich va thong tin thi trudng lao dong

Muc do bao phu, so lupng va quy mo cua trung tam giao dich, muc do hieu qua
tu hoat dong cua cac trung tam do la muc do phat trien cua he thong thong tin thi
trudng lao dong.

1.5. Kinh nghiem phat trien thi tru’d’nglao dong Viet Nam va bai hoc king


IV

nghiem cho Thu do Vieng Chan
1.5.1. Phat trien thi trudng lao dong d Ha Noi

Dua tren dieu kien cua thi truong lao dong thu do Vieng Chan so voi thi truong
lao dong thu do Ha Noi, co the rut duoc mot so bai hoc kinh nghiem cho thi truong lao
dong Vieng Chan nhu sau:
Ve cung lao dong: Tang cuong phat trien giao duc va dao tao, tang cuong lien

ket trong viec dao tao voi nhu cau lao dong hien tai va tuong lai tren thi truong, co

chien luoc hop ly ve quan ly nhan su chat che, mo rong tu do cho nguoi lao dong de di
chuyen de kiem viec lam voi cac muc luong co the, hoac lam viec o noi gan nhat de

giam bot chi phi di lai, khuyen khich cac doanh nghiep su dung lao dong theo ca de
thu hut sinh vien cac truong co hoc chi mot buoi trong ngay co kha nang lam viec.
ve cau lao dong: Tang cuong thu hut von dau tu nuoc ngoai, day manh chuyen

dich co cau kinh te tu cac nganh nong-lam-ngu nghiep sang tang ty trong nganh cong

nghiep va nganh dich vu de tang ca vi tri viec lam va ca thu nhap cho nguoi lao dong;
dieu chinh cac quy dinh phap luat cho hop ly voi tinh hinh kinh te; tang cuong day

manh co so ha tang de xuat khau lao dong sang cac nuoc co tien cong tien luong cao
va co nen cong nghiep hien dai hon.

1.5.2. Phat trien thi tru'dng lao dong d Da Nang

Thu do Vieng Chan can tang cuong hon nua ve: Chat luong dao tao cua cac

truong day nghe, dao tao nghe dua tren nhu cau lao dong, chat luong ve he thong

thong tin viec lam, hoat dong dich vu mot cach cong khai; tang quy mo va bao phu
trung tam dich vu viec lam va xay dung phap quy hop ly voi thi truong lao dong cua

Vieng Chan tren co so phap luat cua nha nuoc
1.5.3. Bai hoc kinh nghiem cho Thu do Vieng Chan

Vieng Chan da rut duoc ba kinh nghiem cho cong tac phat trien thi truong lao
dong cua minh nhu: Mo rong ve giao duc va dao tao, chinh sach thu hut luc luong lao
dong tu cac tinh thanh o trong nuoc va phat trien he thong giao dich viec lam cung

nhu he thong thong tin thi truong lao dong.


V

CHUONG 2: PHAN TICH THtfC
THI• TRUONG LAO DONG
• TRANG
•
•
THU DO VIENG CHAN, LAO

2.1. Gioi thieu ve Thu do Vieng Chan
2.1.1. Vi tri dia ly va dieu kien tu nhien

2.1.1.1. Vi tri dia ly
Thu do Vieng Chan nam tren true duong xuyen A, d trung diem giua mien Bac
va mien Nam Lao, co tong dien tich 3.920 km , chiem hon 1,7% dien tich cua ca nude,
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tiep giap vdi tinh NongKhai va tinh Loei cua Thai Lan va hai tinh trong nudc; dia hinh
chia thanh hai vung ro ret, 84,02% dien tich la dong bang song MeKong va luu vuc
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doi nui d phia Bac va Tay Bac; co 9 quan huyen, co mat do dan so trung binh 209,43

nguoi/km2 trong do vung co mat do cao nhat la 2.119 nguoi/km2 va thap nhat la 47
ngu0i/km2.
2.1.1.2. Dieu kien tu nhien

Khi hau khu vuc thu do Vieng Chan chia thanh hai mua, mua mua keo dai 3/4
thoi gian trong nam va mua khO, nhiet do cao nhat 42 c° thap nhat d muc 8C° co ban

thuan loi ve phat trien mot nen nong nghiep da dang.
2.1.2. Co’so'hq tang

Vieng Chan la bo mat cua dat nudc nen duoc su quan tam dac biet cua Dang va

Nha nudc cung nhu lanh dao cua thu do Vieng Chan ve dau tu phat trien co sd ha tang,
dam bao viec luu thong thuan tien, tang cuong dau tu san xuat kinh doanh, phat trien

kinh te cua dia ban, tang muc do cung - cau lao dong, nang cao muc song cho nguoi

dan.
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2.1.3. Dieu kien van hoa, y te, giao due, chinh tri va bo may quan ly nha
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nudc ve lao dong

Nhung dieu kien tren day nhin chung la on dinh cho su phat trien kinh te - xa
hoi cung nhu thi truong lao dong cua thu do Vieng Chan, de dam bao toc do tang
trudng cua kinh te thi truong co su quan ly cua Nha nudc, phat trien ca ve cung - cau su gap go cua thi truong lao dong thi can nang cao ca quy mo va chat luong cua hoat


VI

dong quan ly cua nha nuoc, he thong y te va su lien ket giua nganh giao due voi thi
truang lao dong tren dia ban.

2.1.4. Dieu kien kinh te - xa hoi

Co cau kinh te co ty trong tuong doi tot, linh vuc cong nghiep chiem gan mot
nua cua linh vuc khac va sau do la ty trong dich vu len cao dan dap ung cong an viec

lam va doi song cua ban than va gia dinh nguoi lao dong. Muc tang truong kinh te tren
9,36%, mac du nen kinh te o buoc phat trien ban dau nhung Vieng Chan con tiem tang
duy tri muc do tang truong kinh te o muc cao trong tuong lai lau nam. Theo so luong

va ty trong nguon lao dong, Vieng Chan co tin mung vi tro thanh dan so vang chi sau

nay 5 nam.

2.2. Thirc tiriing thi truong lao dong thu do Vieng Chan, Lao
2.2.1. Thuc trang cung lao dong cua Thu do Vieng chan

2.2.1.1. So luong va co cau cua cung

Ty le tang nguon lao dong Thu do Vieng Chan o muc cao khoang 3,3%/nam la
dan so nhap cu tu cac tinh thanh pho khac, con rieng ty tang dan so cua nguoi dan da

sinh song tai noi nay thi khong cao, vi mot cap vo chong trong thoi ky nay o Vieng
Chan chi sinh con tu 2-3 nguoi, mac du nha nuoc khong can thiep sinh san nhung do

muc song o thu do co chi phi sinh hoat kha cao nen ho tu han che theo dieu kien cua
minh. Co cau nam nu rat can bang va on dinh, dan nhap cu vao Vieng Chan da lon la

nguoi trong do tuoi lao dong, dac biet la trong do tuoi sinh san; luc luong lao dong

525.652 nguoi chiem 57,96% cua tong dan so.
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2.2.1.2. Chat luong cua cung
Hien nay Vieng Chan dang o thi truong lao dong co nguon lao dong o muc dan

so tre nhung trinh do hoc van duoi cap Trung hoc co so van con 26,76% cua LLLH
phan lon o do tuoi 28-59, kho tiep thu kien thuc tu cac chuong trinh dao tao, doi tuong

nay cac doanh nghiep ap dung dao tao tai cho la chinh. Luc luong lao dong qua

chuyen mon nghiep vu rat thap chi 9,8%, chu yeu la lao dong gian don, nhan muc
luong thap, kho co the dam nhiem cac vi tri viec lam muc do cong viec phuc tap.


VI1

Nguoi hoc nghe theo y muon cua minh, da so khong the du doan duoc nhung vi tri
viec lam trong cac linh vuc kinh te, sau hoan thanh chuong trinh dao tao kho kiem viec

lam hoac xin duoc viec nhung khong dung nghe. Thieu su phoi hop cua cac co quan,
Bo, Ban, Nganh cong quyen ve dao tao nghe gan voi nhu cau lao dong tren thi truong

lao dong.
2.2.2. Thuc trang cau lao dong cua Thu do Vieng chan
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2.2.2.1. So luong va co cau cua cau lao dong
Thi truong lao dong thu do Vieng Chan thieu muc do can bang va kho co the

giai quyet truoc mat vi thua lai thieu lao dong de lap day cho cac vi tri viec lam, con
trong rat nhieu so luong vi tri viec lam can lao dong co trinh do chuyen mon cao,

nhung chO lam viec ma lao dong co trinh do chuyen mon thap hoac cong viec gian don

lai khdng du cho so luong lao dong hien co. Day cung la mot ly do xay ra so luong rat

lon trong lao dong Vieng Chan sang Thai Lan ban suc lao dong trong do ca chinh
thuc, phi chinh thuc va bat hop phap vi trinh do lao dong nhu nhau nhung lam viec tai
Thai Lan co thu nhap cao hon gap 3-4 lan. Trung binh moi nam Vieng Chan co giai

quyet viec lam duoc 31.150 lao dong, nam 2018 nguoi trong do tuoi lao dong co viec
lam toi 523.076 nguoi chiem 99.51% cua luc luong lao dong.
2.2.2.2. Chat luong cua cau lao dong
Moi nam Vieng Chan can tu 15.000 - 19.000 lao dong de cung ung cho cac
thanh phdn kinh te. Rieng trong nam 2018 cac doanh nghiep tren dia ban can khoang

1.500 nnuoi co trinn do dai hhc, hoo 5.000 truun cap va conn nnan kk thhat, con 1 ai i a
lao dong pho thong; Vieng Chan can tang cuong cung ung lao dong cho cac vi tri viec

lam can tay nghe va trinh do cao; tang truong thu hut von dau tu trong nuoc va nuoc
ngoai mo rong quy mo san xuat, tao vi tri viec lam dap ung cho lao dong gian don va

co trinh do thap.
2.2.3. Can bang thi trud'ng lao dong Thu do Vieng Chan

2.2.3.1. Tinh hinh he thdng, thong tin dich vu viec lam thi truong lao dong Thu
do Vieng chan