Một số giải pháp tăng cường huy động vốn đầu tư phát triển hệ thống giao thông đường bộ trên địa bàn tỉnh thái bình đến năm 2010

DHKTQD

LV . ThS

2098


TRUONG DAI HOC KINH TE QUOC DAN

Dd Thi Thanh Binh
0A1 HOC KTQD

fftUNGTAM
THONG TINTHlfVIEN
MOT SO GIAI PHAP TANG C'UONG HUY HONG VON DAU TU
PHAT TRIEN HE THONG GIAO THONG DUONG BO

TREN BIA BAN TINH THAI BINH BEN NAM 2010

Chuyen nganh: Kinh te dau tir

LU AN VAN THAC SY KINH TE

NGlfCJI HlTCJNG dAN KHOA HOC: TS. NGUYEN H6NG MINH
DAI HOC

THONG TIN THUVIEN
Hd Noi
- 2006
■

MUC
LUC
•
•
Trang
•>

Danh muc cac bang, bieu.

Tom tat luan van
LOI MO DAU........ ............. ................................................................................... 1
1. Tinh cap thiet cua de tai......................................................................... 1

2. Muc dich nghien ciru cua luan van...................................................... 2
3. Pham vi, doi tuong nghien cu’u cua luan van...................................... 2
4. Phuung phap nghien cu’u......................................................................... 2
5. Nhirng dong gop cua luan van................................................................ 3
6. Ket cau cua luan van................................................................................ 3

CHU’ONG 1............................................................................................................. 4

MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN CHUNG VE HUY DONG VON DAU
Ttf PHAT TRIEN HE THONG GIAO THONG DUONG BO.......... 4
1.1. Vai tro cua dau tir phat trien va von doi vdi dau tir phat trien he

thong giao thong duong bo.......................................................................... 4
1.1.1. Dau tu phat trien va vai tro cua dau tu phat trien....................... 4
1.1.2. Von dau tu phat trien va vai tro cua no doi vdi dau tu phat trien

he thong giao thong duong bo................................................................. 9
1.2. Cac nguon von cho hoat dong dau tu* phat trien he thong giao

thong duong bo :.......................................................................................... 13
1.2.1. Von Ngan sach Nha nude............................................................ 13
1.2.2. Von ODA (Official Development Assistance).......................... 15

1.2.3. Von tir khu vuc dan cu va cac to chuc kinh te........................ 15
1.3. Cac hinh thirc huy dong von dau tir cho dau tir phat trien he

thong giao thong duong bo........................................................................ 16

1.3.1. Huy dong von dau tu cho dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong
duong bo tir chi Ngan sach Nha nude................................................ 17


1.3.2. Huy dong von dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong during bo

tir nguon von dau tu nuric ngoai............................................................19
1.3.3. Huy dong von dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong during bo
theo hinh thuc dan cu va cac doanh nghiep......................................... 20

1.3.4. Huy dong von cho dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong during
bo thong qua thi truring von.................................................................. 21

1.4. Cac nhan to tac dong den hoat dong huy dong von dau tir phat

trien he thong giao thong during bo......................................................... 22

1.4.1. Cac nhan to khach quan............................................................... 22

1.4.2. Cac nhan to chu quan.................................................................. 24
1.5. Qua trinh huy dong von dau tir phat trien he thong giao thong

during bo:......................................................................................................25
1.6. Mot so bai hoc kinh nghiem huy dong von dau tir phat trien he

thong giao thong dirring bo ri dia phiro*ng............................................... 27
1.6.1. Kinh nghiem huy dong von ri tinh Hai Phong......................... 27
1.6.2. Kinh nghiem huy dong von ri tinh Nam Dinh......................... 28

1.6.3. Nhung kinh nghiem rut ra cho Thai Binh trong huy dong von

cho dau tu phat trien giao thong during bo :........................................ 29
CHUQNG 2........................................................................................................... 30

THIC TRANG HUY DONG VON DAU TlT PHAT TRIEN HE THONG
GIAO THONG DtfdNG BO TREN DIA BAN THAI BINH TIIOI KY
2000-2005......
30
2.1. Sir can thiet phai tang curing thu hut von dau tir phat trien he
thong giao thong during bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh.................... 30
2.1.1 Dac diem tu nhien, kinh te xa hoi tinh Thai Binh..................... 30

2.1.2. Nhu cau phat trien he thong giao thong during bo................. 31
2.1.3. Thuc trang cua he thong giao thong during bo tren dia ban tinh33

2.2. Tong quan ve dau tir phat trien he thong giao thong during bo


tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh thcri ky 2000-2005..................................... 35

2.3. Thue trang huy dong von dau tir phat trien he thong giao thong
duong bo tren dia ban tinh Thai binh then ky 2000-2005................... 39
2.3.1. Thue trang huy dong von cho dau tu phat trien he thong giao
thong duong bo tir chi ngan sach tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh thbi ky

2000-2005............................................................................................... 41
2.3.2. Thue trang huy dong von cho dau tu phat trien he thong giao
thong duong bo tu nguon von ODA tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh thbi

ky 2000-2005......................................................................................... 46

2.3.3. Thue trang huy dQng von cho dau tu phat trien he thong giao
thong duong bo tir khu vuc dan cu va cac to chuc kinh te tren dia
ban tinh Thai Binh thbi ky 2000-2005................................................. 49

2.3.4. Thue trang huy dong von cho dau tu phat trien he thong giao
thong duong bo tir thi trubng von tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh thbi ky

2000-2005

52

2.4. Danh gia khai quat ve tinh hinh huy dong von dau tir phat trien

he thong giao thong duong bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh thbi ky
2000-2005..................................................................................................... 52

2.4.1. Ket qua.......................................................................................... 52
2.4.2. Nhirng han che.............................................................................. 53

CHU0NG 3........................................................................................................... 58

MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM TANG CUdNG HUY DONG VON
DAU TIT PHAT TRIEN HE THONG GIAO THONG DUONG BO
TREN DIA BAN TiNH THAI BINH DEN NAM 2010....................... 58
3.1. Chien luoc phat trien kinh te xa hoi tinh Thai Binh giai doan

2000-2010..................................................................................................... 58
3.1.1. Muc tieu phat trien kinh te xa hoi den nam 2010................... 58

3.1.2. Chien lucre va quy hoach phat trien he thong giao thong dubng


bo den 2010:........................................................................................... 59

3.1.3. Dinh hubng phat trien cua tinh Thai Binh trong viec thu hut
von dau tu phat trien h$ thong giao thong dirong bo den nam 2010.64
3.1.4. Nhu cau von dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo

den nam 2010.......................................................................................... 69
3.2. Mot so giai phap nham tang cuoug huy dong von dau tir phat
trien he thong giao thong duong bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh den

nam 2010........................................................................................................ 72

3.2.1. Giai phap chung............................................................................ 72
3.2.2. Giai phap huy dong von dau tu tir nguon von Ngan sach Nha

nunc

76

3.2.3. Giai phap huy dpng von dau tu tir nguon von ODA................. 80
3.2.4. Giai phap huy dong von dau tu tir nguon von trong dan cu va

cac to chirc kinh te.................................................................................. 81
3.2.5. Giai phap huy dong von dau tu tir phat hanh trai phieu.........88
3.2.6. Nhom cac giai phap khac.......................................................... 88
KET LU AN......................................................................................................... 93

DANH MUC
• TAI LIEU
• THAM KHAO........................................................ 94
MUC
• LUC
• ............................................................................................................. 96

Trang...................................................................................................................... 96
Danh muc cac bang, bieu.................................................................................... 96

Tom tat luan van.................................................................................................. 96


DANH MUC CAC BANG BIEU VA BIEU DO
TT

Noi dung

Trang

1

Bang 1: Khoi luong hang hoa va hanh khach van chuyen tren duong bo
tinh Thai Binh

32

2

Bang 2: Thuc hien von dau tu xay dung co ban tren dia ban tinh

36

3

Bieu do co cau von dau tu tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh theo doi tuong

37

4

Bieu do co cau nguon von dau tu giai doan 2000-2005

41

5

Bang 3: Nguon von dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo tu
ngan sach tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh

42

6

Bang 4: Nguon von dau tu ODA phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo
tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh

46

7

Bang 5: Nguon von dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo tir khu
vuc dan cu va cac to chuc kinh te tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh

50

8

Bang 6: Co cau GDP tren dia ban tinh den nam 2010

61

9

Bang 7: Du kien quy hoach he thong duong true chinh den 2010 va tuong
lai den 2020

63

10 Bieu do co cau nguon von dau tu giai doan 2006-2010

11

Bang 8: Chi tiet nhu cau von dau tu xay dung duong bo tren dia ban tinh
Thai Binh den 2010

12 Bang 9 : Tong hop von dong gop cua dan chung theo nhan khau

69

71
82


TRUONG DAI
HOC
KINH TE QUOC DAN
■
■
* * *

Do Thi Thanh Binh

M()T SO GIAI PHAP TANG CUdNG HUY BONG VON DAU TU
PHAT TRIEN HE TH6NG GIAO THONG HUONG BO
TREN DIA BAN TINH THAI BINH DEN NAM 2010

Chuyen nganh: Kinh te dau tir

LUAN VAN THAC SY KINH TE

TOM TAT LUAN VAN THAC SY

Ha Noi - 2006


1

3. Gidi han
cua luan
van
•
•
Luan van tap trung nghien cuu Thue trang huy dong von cho dau tu phat
trien he thong giao thong ducmg bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh doan 2000-2005
va giai phap huy dong von xet tren goc do cua tinh Thai Binh den nam 2010.
r

r

4. Ket cau cua luan van
Luan van duoc ket cau lam 3 chucmg :
- Chuong I: Mot s6 van d£ ly luan chung ve dau tu phat trien va huy dong
von dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo.
- Chuong II: Thue trang huy dong von dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong

duong bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh thoi ky 2000-2005.
- Chuong III: Mot so giai phap nham tang cubng huy dong von dau tu phat
trien he thong giao thong duong bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh den nam 2010.

ii

CHlTONG 1
MOT SO VAN DE LY LUAN CHUNG VE HUY DONG VON DAU
TU* PHAT TRIEN HE• THONG GIAO THONG DlTCJNG BO•
1.1. Von dau tir phat trien va vai tro cua no doi voi dau tir phat trien he

thong giao thong dirong bo.
1.1.1. Kltai niem ve vdn dCiu tic:

Von dau tu la tien tich luy cua xa hoi, cua cac co so san xuat kinh doanh, la
tien tiet kiem cua nhan dan va von huy dong tu cac nguon khac nhu : lien doanh
lien ket trong va ngoai nude.. dupe dua vao sir dung trong qua trinh tai san xuat
xa hoi nham duy tri tiem luc san co va tao tiem luc moi cho san xuat kinh doanh

dich vu va phuc vu sinh hoat.
1.1.2. Vai tro cua vdn d&u tic doi voi ddu tic phat tridn he thdng giao thong

diedng bo:

Hoat dong dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo la hoat dong dau
tu duy tu, bao duong, lam moi va nang cap he thong giao thong duong bo thuoc

loai hinh dau tu phat trien voi cac dac trung la duy tri va tao ra tai san moi cho

ndn kinh te. Nhu vay doi voi hoat dong dau tu phat trien noi chung cung nhu hoat

dong dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo noi rieng, vdn dau tu co vai
trd thuc day qua trinh dau tu dien ra nhanh hon, voi hieu qua cao hon vi khi

thong qua cac thi trubng dau vao nhu thi trubng cong nghe, lao dong... do yeu to

canh tranh dan den viec cac nguon luc se duoc huy dong nhanh hon voi chi phi
thap hon so voi tu huy dong cac nguon luc noi tai de dau tu. Ngupc lai qua trinh

ddu tu dat hieu qua cao lai la dong lire thu hut nhieu vdn dau tu hon do lpi the

canh tranh khi phan phoi cua cai xa hoi de tao nen cac quy tien te nham dap ung

yeu cau tich luy hay tieu dung cua cac chu the trong xa hoi.
1.2. Cac nguon von cho hoat dong dau tu’ phat trien he thong giao thong

duong bo :
- Von Ngan sach Nha nude:
- Von ODA (Official Development Assistance):

- Vdn tir khu vuc dan cu va cac to chirc kinh te:


iii

1.3. Cac hinh thirc huy dong von dau tu- cho dau tu- phat trien he thong giao
thong duong bo.

1.3.1. Huy dong vdn dim tu cho d&u tic phat tridn he thdng giao thong
dudng bo tir chi Ngan sach Nha nude
Doi vdi tai san la he thong giao thong duong bo, dac trurng la nhu cau von
lbn, thbi gian thu hoi von dai va chiu nhieu rui ro thi ngoai viec chi dau tu true

tiep, chi ngan sach edn gian tiep thong qua :

- Cap phat von cho cac doanh nghiep ma tu do cac doanh nghiep co the true

tiep, gian tiep dau tu vao he thong giao thong duong bo.
- Cac quy ho trp dau tu quoc gia, quy ho trp dau tu phat trien de dau tu phat

trien he thong giao thong duong bo ma tu do cac chu the co the dau tu phat trien
he thong giao thong duong bo d mot so du an co kha nang thu hoi va co hieu qua

xac dinh.
Cac nguon chi tu tin dung dau tu Nha nude, thuc chat day cung la mot

khoan thuoc Ngan sach Nha nude nhung nhung khoan nay nham de hinh thanh

nen cac quy ho trp dau tu quoc gia, quy ho trp dau tu phat trien, do la cac khoan
tin dung vdi cac hinh thuc : Cho vay dau tu, ho trp lai suat sau dau tu, thuc hien
bao lanh tin dung dau tu, tra no von vay cua Nha nude thong qua Quy ho trp phat

trien.
1.3.2. Huy dong von ddu tir phat trien he thdng giao thong dudng bo tir
ngudn vdn dau tu nude ngoai.

Nguon vdn dau tu nude ngoai bao gom vdn dau tu true tiep (FDI) va vdn

dau tu phat trien chinh thuc (ODA). Ngudn vdn dau tu true tiep nude ngoai voi
muc tieu la lpi nhuan nen doi vdi linh vuc dau tu phat trien he thdng giao thdng
dudng bo ddi hoi lupng vdn ldn, thdi gian thu hoi vdn dai, rui ro Ion va lpi nhuan
khong cao, se kho thu hut dupe tir ngudn FDI nay.
Nguon von ODA cd the huy dong d muc vdn rat ldn, thdi han tra no rat dai

vdi lai suat uu dai tham chi bang khong, nhung dac diem do rat phu hop vdi viec

dau tu phat trien he thong co so ha tang noi chung cung nhu he thdng giao thdng
dudng bo noi rieng. Vi vay ODA la ngudn vdn quan trong cho phat trien he thdng
giao thdng dudng bo. Ben canh do cd the huy dong vdn dau tu phat trien he thdng
giao thdng dudng bo thdng qua cac to chuc tin dung va ngan hang thuong mai

nude ngoai.


IV

1.3.3. Huy dong vdn d&u tir phat tridn he thdng giao thong dieting bo theo
hinh tliiec dan cw va cac doanh nghiep.

Cac hinh thuc khuyen khich sir tham gia gop von cua khu vuc kinh te tu

nhan, cung vdi Nha nude dau tu cho he thong giao thong duong bo thong qua
hinh thuc BOT (xay dung - kinh doanh - chuyen giao); BT (xay dung - chuyen

giao); BTO (xay dung - chuyen giao - kinh doanh); doi dat lay ha tang. Ben canh
do hinh thuc huy dong tu dan cu dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo

thong qua thu dong gop cua dan chung theo nhan khau, thu cua cac chu phuong
tien van tai, nguon von nay chu yeu de lam giao thong nong thon.
1.3.4. Huy dong vdn cho ddu tir phat trien he thong giao thong dieting bo

thdng qua tlii trotting vdn.
Trong lmh vuc giao thong duong bo, thi truong von la kenh huy dong bo

sung cac nguon von trung va dai han cho cac chu dau tu bao gom Nha nunc va

cac loai hinh doanh nghiep.
Phat hanh trai phieu, co phieu thong qua thi truong von de thu hut von dau

tu. Trong linh vuc dau tu xay dung cor so ha tang, dac biet la dau tu phat trien he

thong giao thong duong bo doi hoi nguon von Ion, thdi gian thu hoi von dai va
rui ro cao thi hinh thuc huy dong thong qua thi truong von chu yeu la Trai phieu.
1.4. Cac nhan to tac dong den hoat dong huy dong von dau tir phat trien he

thong giao thong duong bo.

1.4.1. Cac nhan to khaclt quan
- Nang luc tang truong cua nen kinh te :

- Moi truong kinh te vT mo :

- Tap quan tieu dung va tiet kiem cua dan cu :
- Cac nhan to khac : Kha nang dong vien cua Nha nude thdng qua cac chinh

sach thue thu nhap, cac chinh sach dong gop xa hoi, chinh sach lai suat, trinh dd
phat trien cua thi truong tai chinh...

1.4.2. Cac nhan td chu quan
- Quy trinh nghiep vu huy dong vdn :
- Nhan to trinh do can bo thuc hien nhiem vu huy dong vdn.
- He thong cac chien lupc chinh sach huy dong vdn xet tren goc do dia

phuong:

V

giao thong duong bo o* dia phuong.

1.5.1. Kinh nghiem huy dong vdn dr tinh Hai Phong
- Doi voi cac du an do Trung uong dau tu do dang nhung thieu vdn so voi

tien do thi cong, tinh da thuc hien chinh sach cho vay vdn hoac ho tro mot phan
lai suat tien vay.

- Tinh da manh dan ap dung chinh sach Doi dat lay ha tang de phat trien ha

tang cua tinh. Ttinh da manh dan cho vay ung trade mot phan vdn de day nhanh

tien do lap du an kha thi va tich cue phoi hop voi Trang uong trong viec giai
phong mat bing, den bu di doi dan, ho tro dan tai dinh cu...
- Tinh manh dan vay vdn cua Bo Tai chinh, Kho bac Nha nude de dau tu

nhung cong trinh trong diem va xin trung uong ghi vdn ke hoach hang nam de tra
no.

1.5.2. Kinh nghiem huy dong vdn or tinh Nam Dinh
- Ben canh Mot so giai phap nhu huy dong von tir ngan sach trang uong va

Ngan sach dia phuong, cac nguon vdn ODA, nguon vdn tin dung..., tinh edn ap

dung nhung phuong phap huy dong vdn sang tao voi phuong cham Nha nude va

Nhan dan cung lam.
- Tinh da dung ra ho tro ve nguyen vat lieu nhu: xi mang, cat, da... va keu

goi nhan dan tham gia lam duong be tong va phong trao nay da lan rong den timg

thon xom tren dia ban tinh.

1.5.3. Nhung kinh nghiem rut ra cho Thai Binh trong huy dong vdn cho
ddu tir phat tridn giao thdng dieting bo
- Dia phuong chu dong phoi hop vdi trang uong trong viec giai phong mat
bing cac cong trinh quoc lo tren dia ban tinh, ban giao mat bang cho Nha thau

trong thdi gian sdm nhat dam bao giai ngan va thi cong hoan thien cong trinh

theo dung tien do.

- Dia phuong manh dan ap dung chinh sach mdi “doi dat lay ha tang” de thu

duong bo noi rieng.
- Chu dong trong viec dung nguon vdn dia phuong de lam tot cong tac

chuan bi diu tu nham thu hut duoc vdn dau tu tir cac nguon vdn khac.

duong bo tren dia ban va co hinh thuc hop ly “Nha nude va Nhan dan cung lam”
de thu hut von dong gop trong dan chung


vi

CHU0NG 2
THtfC TRANG HUY DONG VON DAU TV PHAT TRIEN HE
THONG GIAO THONG DVdNG BO TREN DIA BAN THAI BINH

THCH KY 2000-2005
2.1. Su’ can thiet phai tang cuong thu hut von dau tir phat trien he thong giao
thong duong bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh

2.1.1 Dac diem tir nhien, kinh te xa hoi tinh Thdi Binh

nong nghiep nen muc tieu cong nghiep hoa hien dai hoa nong nghiep, thay doi co

ngu nghiep la muc tieu hang dau cua tinh trong giai doan hoi nhap kinh te quoc
te. Vdi muc tieu nay, nganh Giao thong van tai phai dam bao de di lai thuan loi,

nhanh chong, ludi dudng phai hudng den cac trung tarn kinh te nong nghiep, cac

vung giau tiem nang chua duoc khai thac, vi vay he thdng giao thdng dudng bo

tren dia ban tinh Thai binh cd vai tro rat ldn doi vdi viec phat trien tinh tuong
xung vdi tarn voc cua dat nude thdi ky doi moi va viec huy dong du vdn de phat
trien he thdng giao thdng dudng bo la van de het sue can thiet doi vdi tinh.

2.1.2. Nhu cdu giao thong phat tridn he thdng dudng bo.
Nen kinh te ngay cang phat trien keo theo muc song ngay cang tang, luong

hang hoa san xuat ra nam sau cao hon nam trudc, do chinh la yeu to tao nen nhu
cau ngay mot ldn doi vdi he thdng giao thdng noi chung va he thdng giao thdng
dudng bo noi rieng. Ben canh do tinh hinh gia tang dan so va nhu cau di lai ngay

cang cao cua dan cu cung la yeu to tac dong lam nhu cau giao thdng noi chung va
giao thdng dudng bo noi rieng ngay cang tang.

2.1.3. Tinh hinh cua he thdng giao thdng dudng bo tren dia ban tinh

cau hep, tai trong thap va chu yeu su dung cho xe tai nho, xe trong tai ldn duoc

su dung nhieu da gay xuong cap nghiem trong cho he thdng giao thdng dudng bo


Vll

vi phai chiu qua tai, do do qua trinh do thi hoa doi hoi cac cong trinh cau duong

phai thay doi theo. Trong thdi gian tdi, giao thong van tai tren dia ban dung trade
nhung thach thuc Ion, mot mat nhu cau giao thdng dudng bo ngay cang tang,
trong khi do he thdng giao thdng dudng bo lai dang xuong cap. Trong dieu kien
do, nhu cau dau tu phat trien he thdng giao thdng dudng bo dat ra rat ldn ddi hoi
vdn dau tu phai duoc dap ung. Van de huy dong vdn dau tu phat trien he thdng

giao thdng dudng bo duoc dat ra het sue cap bach nhu mot khau dot pha kich
thich su tang truong kinh te.

2.2. Thuc trang huy dong von dau tu- phat trien he thong giao thdng dudng

bo tren dia ban tinh Thai binh thdi ky 2000-2005.
2.3.1. Thuc trang huy dong vdn cho dau tu phat trien he thdng giao thdng

Noi dung

TT

Tong vdn dau tu phat trien
dudng bo

2 Vdn ngan sach Nha nude
2.1 Ngan sach trang uong
2.2 Ngan sach dia phuong
Ty le VDT tu ngan sach /
tong vdn (%)
Ty le vdn ngan sach
TV/VonNSNN (%)
Ty le vdn NS dia
phuong/Vdn NSNN (%)

1

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

20002005

24

78

278

315

347

470

1,511

24
12
13

78
28
50

209
40
168

214
98
117

225
121
104

268
216
52

1,017
514
503

100

100

75

68

65

57

67

48

36

19

46

54

81

51

52

64

81

54

46

19

49

Nguon: So giao thdng van tdi tinh Thdi Binh
a

**

A

A

r

a

* Ve quy mo va dong thai phat trien cua nguon vdn Ngan sach Nha

nude: Bang 1 cho thay thdi ky 2000-2005, vdn Ngan sach Nha nude dat 1.017


viii

ty dong, chiem ty trong Ion nhat tori tren 60% tong von dau tu phat trien duong
bo. Co the noi nguon von Ngan sach Nha nude la nguon von dau tor cor ban va

quan trong de dau tu phat trien he thdng giao thdng duong bo va duy tri viec van
hanh, dam bao giao thdng tren cac tuyen duong. Vdn dau tu tir Ngan sach Nha
nude chu yeu dau tu vao linh vuc co so ha tang va cac cong trinh cong cong. Tuy

thdng duong bo.

Viec thu hut von tir nhieu nguon da phan nao giam ganh nang cho Ngan
sach Nha nude, ty le vdn Ngan sach Nha nude trong dau tu phat trien duong bo

da co xu hudng giam dan, nhung nguon vdn Ngan sach Nha nude van la nguon

vdn dong vai trd quan trong, lam tien de de thu hut cac nguon vdn khac.

- Thudng xuyen phai sir dung nguon vdn su nghiep de duy tu, dai tu he

thong duong bo va phai sau mot thbi gian mdi bo tri duoc vdn dau tu.
- Von ngan sach dau tu cho dubng bo phan bo khong deu, chu yeu tap

trung vao cac vimg kinh te - xa hoi va dang phat trien, cac xa nong thon con chua
dupe quan tarn dau tu nhieu.
- Nguyen nhan cua nhung han che tren:
+ Quy mb cua nguon vdn Ngan sach nha nude bi han che: nguon thu cua

Ngan sach Nha nude co gidi han, trong khi nhu cau dau tu phat trien ddi hoi mot
lupng von ngay cang ldn, dan den Ngan sach tinh khong du chi va hang nam

Ngan sach Trung uong phai cap them mot khoi luong vdn ldn.

+ Viec dinh hudng phat trien kinh te xa hoi, chien lupc phat trien he thdng

giao thdng van tai noi chung va he thdng giao thdng dubng bo noi rieng tren dia

ban tinh ebn co nhieu han che.


IX

+ Viec lap va tham dinh mot so du an dau tu su dung von Ngan sach Nha
nude chua duoc tinh toan day du, ky cang. Ben canh do viec den bu giai phong
mat bang nhieu khi edn cham, khong ban giao duoc mat bang theo dung tien do

cho Nha thau nhu Quoc lo 10, quoc lo 39.
2.3.2. Thuc trang huy dong vdn cho ddu tu phat tridn he thdng giao thdng

duong bo tu ngudn vdn ODA tren dia ban tinh Thdi Binh thdi ky 2000-2005.
Vdn ODA duoc su dung de dau tu lam mdi va nang cap cac cong trinh

dudng bo cd kha nang thu hoi vdn ldn, chu yeu la quoc lo va tinh lo. Do ngudn
vdn Ngan sach Nha nude cd han nen chi dau tu cho cac du an dudng bo it cd kha

nang thu hoi vdn, con nhung du an cd kha nang thu hoi vdn deu dupe dau tu bang

ngudn vdn tin dung ODA. Ngudn vdn nay se lam giam ganh nang cho Ngan sach

Nha nude va van huy dong dupe vdn dau tu phat trien co so ha tang noi chung va
he thdng giao thdng dudng bo noi rieng.

TT

Bang 2: Ngudn vdn dau tir ODA phat trien he thdng giao thdng duong
bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh
Dorn vi tinh: trieu dong
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2000Noi dung
2005

Tong vdn dau tu phat
trien dudng bo
2 Vdn ODA
+ Ty le vdn dau tuODA /
tong vdn (%)
1

+ Toe do tang truorng (%)

24

78

278

315

347

470

1,511

-

-

59

91

104

155

409

0

0

21

29

30

33

27

54

15

49

Nguon: So giao thdng van tai tinh Thdi Binh

* Ve quy mo va dong thai phat trien cua vdn ODA: Cac so lieu bang 2
cho thay thdi ky 2000-2005, von tin dung ODA la vdn ldn thu hai sau ngudn vdn

Ngan sach Nha nude, vdi 409 ty dong chiem 27% tong vdn cho cac hoat dong

dau tu phat trien he thdng giao thdng dudng bo. Nhd ngudn vdn nay ma he thdng
giao thdng dudng bo tren dia ban tinh tir nam 2002 da dupe cai thien dang ke,
nhat la nhung tuyen quoc lo.
Thdi gian qua, lupng vdn ODA dau tu phat trien he thdng giao thdng

dudng bo tren dia ban cd xu hudng tang ca ve quy mo va ty trong. Bang 2 cho

thay, neu nhu trong nam 2000, 2001 von ODA dau tu cho phat trien dudng bo
chua cd thi nam 2002 cd 59 ty dong, chiem 21% tong vdn dau tu, nam 2003 cd


X

91 ty dong dau tu cho duong bo dupe huy dong tu nguon von ODA, chiem 29%

tong von, sang nam 2005, da co 155 ty dong, gap 3 lan nam 2002 va chiem 33%

tong von dau tu cho duong bo. Dieu nay phan anh su gia tang manh me nguon
von ODA trong dau tu phat trien during bo, thay the mot phan von ngan sach Nha

nuric han hep.
Tir quy mb vdn ri tren cho thay vai tro to Irin cua von ODA trong dau tu

phat trien he thong giao thong during bo tren dia ban. Trong dieu kien ngan sach

edn han hep va xu huring can da dang hoa cac nguon vdn dau tu thi vdn ODA la
nguon vdn tin dung quan trong nhat va chiem ty trong ngay cang tang trong tong
vdn dau tu phat trien during bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh.

* Han che cua viec huy dong vdn ODA:
- Tuy von ODA co nhung uu the nhu lai suat thap, thrii gian dai, nhung lai

Tuy nhien cong tac giai ngan vdn ODA tren ca nuric noi chung cung nhu tren dia

ban tinh Thai Binh noi rieng con cham tien do dat ra. Tren dia ban tinh Thai
Binh, thong thuring 6 thang dau nam binh quan chi giai ngan dune 25-30% luong

vdn trong nam.
- Cac quy trinh va thu tuc dau tu con nhieu bat cap, viec dau thau xet duyet

cac du an edn cham tre, cong tac den bu giai phong mat bang, tai dinh cu luon la

nhung trri ngai trong viec trien khai cac du an von ODA, mot sb du an con gay
lang phi, that thoat von dau tu, lam giam long tin cua cac nha tai tro.

- Nguyen nhan cua nhung han che tren:
+ Viec bo tri von doi ung khong tuomg xung vrii toe do giai ngan ODA.

+ Trinh do doi ngu can bo lap, tham dinh, phe duyet va quan ly du an edn
nhieu han che.

2.3.3. Thuc trang huy dong von cho d&u tir phat tridn he thong giao thdng
dirong bo tit khu viec dan cir va cac td chirc kinh td tren dia ban tinh Thdi Binh

then ky 2000-2005.

Tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh thrii ky 2000-2005, nguon von tu khu vuc nay
chu yeu la von do dan dong gop va phan Irin la khong hoan lai, con von dau tu
true tiep cua cac to chuc kinh te chiem ty trong rat nho va khong dang ke.
* Muc dich sir dung: Von do dan dong gop chu yeu nham cung cap cho


XI

nong thon, dubng lien xa, thon xom dai 3100 km, chiem 53,44% tong chieu dai
duong bo tinh Thai Binh.
r

\

r

r

r

* Tinh chat cua von: Nguon von nay duoc hinh thanh chu yeu tir cac
nguon nhu dong gop khong hoan lai cua cac doanh nghiep, to chuc, ca nhan, cac

ho gia dinh tren dia ban.
Bang 3: Nguon von dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo tir khu

vuc
• dan cir va cac to chuc kinh te tren dia
• ban tinh Thai Binh
Dan vi tinh: trieu dong

TT

Noi dung

Tong von dau tu phat
trien dubng bo
Von tii’ khu
vuc
• dan cir
*?
A
2
va cac to chuc kinh te
2.1 Von tir khu vuc dan cu
2.2 Von tir cac to chuc kinh te
Ty le vdn dau tu tit khu
vuc dan cu va TCKT /
tong vdn (%)
Ty le vdn tit khu vuc dan
cu / tong vdn dau tu tit
khu vuc dan cu va
TCKT(%)
Ty le vdn tit cac TCKT /
tong vdn ddu tu tit khu
vuc dan cu va TCKT(%)

1

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

20002005

24

78

278

315

347

470

1,511

-

-

11

10

17

47

85

-

-

11
-

10
-

15
2

44
3

80
5

4

3

5

10

6

100

100

88

94

94

0

0

12

6

6

r

* Quy mo va dong thai phat trien cua von do dan dong gop: Giai doan
2000-2005, nguon von nay da cung cap mot luomg von 85 ty dong, chiem 6%

tong von dau tu cho duong bQ. De phat trien tot nguon von nay, Nha nude da co

chu truong “Nha nude va nhan dan cung lam”, day la nguon vdn vo tiem nang, cd
the khai thac tot de dau tu phat trien he thdng giao thdng nong thon.

Nguon von thu hut tir dan de phat trien he thdng giao thdng dubng bo thbi
gian qua phat trien kha tot. Qua bang 3 ta thay sb von huy dong tu nguon nay

tang manh hang nam. Nam 2002 co 11 ty dong tir nguon dan dong gop duoc dau

tu cho he thong giao thong dubng bo, tbi nam 2004, nguon von nay da cung cap
17 ty dong va nam 2005, con sb nay da len den 47 ty dong va ty trong cua nguon

von nay cung tang dan hang nam. Dieu do cho thay tiem nang rat ldn tir nguon
von nay.


Xll

* Han che cua viec huy dong von tir dan:
- Do thu nhap cua dan cu cdn thap nen viec huy dong von trong dan cdn

gap nhieu kho khan. Theo so lieu cua cue thong ke tinh Thai Binh, thu nhap binh
quan dau ngubi cua ngubi dan trong tinh nam 2005 mbi chi dat trung binh 2,5

trieu dong/ngubi, chi bang 50% binh quan cua ca nubc va 35% binh quan cua
viing trong diem dong bang bac bo. Day la mot han che rat lbn tir viec huy dong
von tir dan chung.

- Nguon von nay duoc thu hut tren co sb tu nguyen cua cong chung, ben
canh do muon thu hut dupe thi phai co chinh sach thu hut von hop ly, ngubi dan

phai nhin thay lpi ich thuc su ve phia ho thi ho mbi bo von dau tu, do do nguon
von nay tren thuc te van kho khai thac.

2.3.4. Thuc trang huy dong vdn cho dim ticphat tridn he thdng giao thdng
dudng bo tic thi trudng vdn tren dia ban tinh Thdi Binh thdi ky 2000-2005
Tren thuc te thbi ky 2000-2005, tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh, hoat dong huy

dong von phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo thong qua thi trubng von con
loai hinh trai phieu chinh phu. Tuy nhien von huy dong dupe tir phat hanh trai

phieu chinh phu tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh con rat nho, chiem ty trong khong
dang ke trong tong vdn dau tu dau tu phat trien he thdng giao thdng duong bo.
Viec huy dong vdn tir phat hanh trai phieu chinh phu nay dupe trung uong giao

ke hoach hang nam doi vbi tinh va sau khi huy dong se dupe tap trung ve ngan
sach Trung uong, tir do Trung uong se danh mot phan trong so vdn huy dong

dupe tir phat hanh trai phieu do de bo tri ke hoach vdn dau tu phat trien he thdng

giao thdng dubng bo tren dia ban tinh. Nhu vay cho den nay, Thai Binh van chua

ap dung dupe hinh thuc huy dong vdn bang phat hanh trai phieu dia phuong.
2.3. Danh gia khai quat ve Thuc trang huy dong von dau tu’ phat trien he
thdng giao thdng duong bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh thoi ky 2000-2005.
2.3.1. Kdtqua

Trong giai doan 2000-2005, vide huy dong vdn dau tu phat trien he thdng

giao thdng dubng bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh da dat dupe nhung ket qua kha

quan. Da khai thac von dau tu tir cac nguon: vdn ngan sach Trung uong, vdn
ngan sach dia phuong, cac khoan tin dung, vdn dong gop tir dan va vdn ODA.


Xlll

dupe khai thac kha da dang tir nguon von trong nude, von nude ngoai, von ngan
sach tap trung, von tin dung; nhung nguon khac nhu von tai trp, vien trp khong

hoan lai, vdn huy dong tu dan chung.

2.3.2. Nhung han che.
Thdi gian qua, ben canh nhung ket qua da dat dupe, viec huy dong vdn dau
tu phat trien he thdng giao thdng dudng bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh con nhung

han che nhat dinh:
r

■?

r

A

X

A

- Thir nhat: tong so von huy dong duoc tu* cac nguon van con thap so

voi nhu cau. Day la han che ldn nhat trong viec huy dong vdn dau tu thdi ky

2000-2005. Nhu cau vdn dau tu phat trien he thong giao thdng dudng bo (tu nam
2000-2005): 1.814 ty dong. Thuc te huy dong trong 5 nam (tir 2000-2005):

1.511 ty dong. => Ty le Vdn dau tu thuc te huy dong/Nhu cau vdn = 0,83 <1.
r

r

- Thu- hai: thieu tinh da dang trong viec khai thac cac nguon von:
+ Vdn huy dong dau tu phat trien dudng bo tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh mdi
chi dung d viec khai thac cac nguon nhu: nguon vdn tu ngan sach, vdn tin dung

iru dai ODA. Nguon vdn huy dong tir dan cu con rat thap, chu yeu mdi chi dimg
lai d viec duy tu bao dudng dudng giao thdng nong thon, huy dong vdn thdng qua

viec phat hanh trai phieu, cd phieu chua thuc su ducrc quan tarn.
+ Chua khai thac duoc rong rai cac nguon vdn tin dung tir cac td chirc tai
chinh qudc te nhu: IMF, WB, ADB... va cac quoc gia khac theo the thuc tin dung
ngoai vay vdn ODA, ben canh do tinh edn chua thu hut duoc vdn dau tu true tiep

nude ngoai FDI.
+ Chua khai thac dupe vdn dau tu phat trien dudng bo tir cac nguon nhu

kinh te tu nhan, cac cong ty cd phan, lien doanh lien ket...
- Thu* ba: Viec khai thac von hien dang phu thuoc rat ldn vao nguon
von Ngan sach Nha nuoc:

Trong thdi gian qua vdn dau tu phat trien he thdng giao thdng dudng bo tren

dia ban tinh Thai Binh chiem tdi hon 1 nua duoc lay tir nguon vdn Ngan sach

Nha nude. Trong dieu kien nguon vdn Ngan sach con han hep, nhu cau chi tieu
ldn, thu khong du chi nen quy mo vdn Ngan sach Nha nude danh cho dau tu phat

trien he thdng giao thdng dudng bp het sue han che. Ngan sach cua tinh khong du
chi tieu, hang nam phai nhd den nguon vdn Ngan sach Trung uong can ddi thieu

hut den hang chuc ty dong.


XIV
__

r

- Thu- tir: Kha nang huy dong von dong gop cua dan chung va cac
nguon tai tro con rat han che:

Von dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong duong bo tren dia ban tinh Thai
Binh ngoai nguon von tir Ngan sach Nha nude, von ODA cdn duoc huy dong tir

nguon von gop cua dan va cac nguon vien tro khong hoan lai, tai tro. Nguon von
tir cac khoan vien tro con rat it. Nguon vien tro nay chu yeu tap trung vao cac du

an mang tinh xa hoi cao nhu xoa doi giam ngheo,... voi cac dieu kien het sue


XV

CHIT0NG 3
MOT SO GIAI PHAP NHAM TANG CIOSG HUY DQNG VON
DAU TIT PHAT TRIEN HE THONG GIAO THONG DIKING BO
TREN DIA BAN TtNH THAI BINH DEN NAM 2010.
3.1. Giai phap huy dong von dau tir tir nguon von Ngan sach Nha nude

Thu nhat: De huy dQng duoc nhieu han von tir nguon Ngan sach Nha nude
thi xet tren goc do tinh Thai Binh, nguyen tac co ban la phai tang dupe nguon thu
cho Ngan sach Nha nude. Trong linh vuc giao thdng, cac bien phap nham tang
ngudn thu cho Ngan sach bao gom :

- Ap dung rong rai mb hinh thu phi su dung giao thdng dudng bo : ngubi str
dung dubng bo phai tra tien de str dung dubng do Nha nude cung cap, de lap quy
khau hao nham duy tu bao dudng, nang cap hoac lam mdi dubng bo.

- Tao them nguon thu cho dau tu phat trien dubng bo, tang cubng phat hanh
trai phieu cong trinh, su dung nguon tiet kiem trong nude de xay dung dubng bo.

- Lap quy bao tri dubng bo de tang nguon von dau tu phat trien mang ludi

dubng bo. Quy hoat dong theo dung nguyen tac nham muc dich duy tu bao dubng
he thong quoc lo va tinh lo, tuy ttmg giai doan ma tien hanh dieu chinh muc thu

va doi tuong thu cho phu hop vdi tinh hinh thuc te.
Thu hai: Giai phap de tiet kiem cac khoan chi phi thubng xuyen khac tu
ngudn vdn ngan sach de tang chi cho dau tu phat trien he thdng giao thdng dubng
bo. Trong qua trinh xay dung ke hoach ngan sach hang nam, tinh Thai Binh can
xoa bo tinh trang bao cap trong chi ngan sach doi vdi mot sb to chuc hanh chinh

cd thu, giam cac khoan chi thubng xuyen ve mat chi sb tuong doi va tang chi cho

dau tu phat trien he thong giao thong dubng bo. Thuc hien nghiem tuc cac quy
dinh ve chi ngan sach Nha nude cho dau tu phat trien.

sau :

lupc va quy hoach chung cua ca nude.


XVI

- Can phai xac dinh dupe cac cong trinh iru tien trade mat tren dia ban hay

noi each khac la phai xay dung dupe mot 16 trinh dau tir phat trien he thong giao

thdng duong bo chi tiet theo thbi gian.
- Nang cao chat ltrong lap, tham dinh va phe duyet dir an dau tu .
- Lam tot cong tac giai phong mat bang.
- Tang cubng su dung cac hinh thuc vay von tin dung dau tu phat trien Nha
nude de thuc hien cac du an dau tu co kha nang thu hoi von.

3.2. Giai phap huy dong von dau tu1 tir nguon von ODA.

- Su dung von Ngan sach lam nguon von doi ung thu hut von ODA.
Tren dia ban tinh Thai Binh van de khong du von doi ung luon la can trd

trong viec thu hut von ODA, vi vay giai phap su dung von ngan sach lam von doi

img cho viec giai ngan von ODA duoc dua ra nham khac phuc tinh trang nay.

- Tang cubng cong tac quan ly thuc hien du an su dung nguon von ODA:
Hieu qua sir dung von la yeu to hang dau de thu hut von ODA, vi vay viec

tang cubng cong tac quan ly thuc hien du an la dac biet quan trong. Viec quan ly

nay can kiem soat tir khau lam cong tac du an (lap, tham dinh, phe duyet) den

khau quan ly thuc hien du an. Ben canh do can to chuc huan luyen, dao tao can
bo trong he thong dieu phoi ODA b tinh, xay dung he thong thong tin theo doi va
quan ly chat che viec huy dong va su dung von ODA, nhat la hieu qua su dung

sau khi cap tien.

3.3. Giai phap huy dong von dau tu- tir nguon von trong dan cu’ va cac to

chuc kinh te.

Vdn huy dong trong dan cu va cac to chuc kinh te dau tu cho dubng bo ve

co ban cd 3 hinh thuc :
- Vdn dong gop cua dan chung va cac to chuc kinh te tren dia ban : day la

vdn tir nguyen dong gop va mang tinh chat khong hoan lai. Vdn nay thubng dupe
sir dung ket hop voi von Ngan sach Nha nude de lam giao thdng nong thon.

- Vdn dau tu true tiep cua dan chung va cac to chuc kinh te : day la vdn dau

tu voi muc dich sinh lbi. Khu vuc kinh te tu nhan bo 100% vdn dau tu xay dung

cong trinh va ky vong thu hoi lai vdn dubi hinh thuc thich hop.
- Von cua khu vuc tu nhan bo ra mot phan dong gop voi Nha nuoc trong

hinh thuc Nha nude va nhan dan cung lam.


XVI1

Trong thdi gian tdi de co the da dang hoa cac hinh thuc thu hut von tir khu
vuc kinh te tu nhan, bao dam von dau tu phat trien duong bo tren dia ban, can tap

trung vao mot so giai phap sau :
3.3.1. Da dang hod cac hinh thuc gop vdn cua dan chung lam dudng giao
thong nong thdn:
__
- Thu dong gop cua dan chung theo nhan khau : Phuong phap nay cho

phep huy dong dupe dong gop cua dan chung tren dien rong. Voi moi loai nhan
khau ta co mire thu phu hop.

- Thu cua chu phuong tien van tai: Phuong tien van tai noi chung la doi

tupng huong lpi nhieu nhat khi dudng bo dupe dau tu xay dung. Do do viec thu
tir chu xe se dam bao tinh cong bang, tao ra nguon thu de duy tu bao duong

thubng xuyen duong bo. Phuong an thu la can cu vao trong tai cua xe, so cho
ngoi... de dinh ra mire thu phi tuong ung.

- Thu cua cac doanh nghiep tren dia ban : Khi he thong giao thong dudng

bo dupe dau tu, giao thuong thuan lpi thi doanh nghiep tren dia ban dupe huong

lpi trong viec tang hieu qua kinh doanh, vi vay viec huy dong von gop tir cac
doanh nghiep la hop ly. Phuong an huy dong la chia cac doanh nghiep tren dia

ban thanh cac nhom khac nhau tuy theo quy mo vdn hoat dong va ddi voi mdi
nhom cd muc dong gop tuong ung.
- Nha nude ho trp cho cac dir an lam dirong giao thong nong thon: De
khuyen khich ngudi dan va cac co quan, doanh nghiep dong tren dia ban gop vdn

xay dung dudng nong thdn, nha nude can tai trp cho cac du an nay. Viec tai trp

cua Nha nude nhu la giai phap dam bao tinh kha thi cua mot so giai phap huy
dong dan chung dong gop. Tren thuc te, de thu hut dupe nguon vdn tir dan chung

thi muc ho trp cua Nha nude tdi thieu phai ldn hon hoac bang muc dong gop cua
dan.
3.3.2. Thu hut vdn dau tu true tiep cua dan chung va cac td chuc kinh te :

De cd the huy dong dupe nguon vdn dau tu nhan roi tir dan chung va vdn

dau tu cua cac doanh nghiep, trong thdi gian tdi, tinh can phai lam rd dupe cac
van de sau :