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CHUYÊN ĐỀ: LƯỢNG TỬ ÁNH SÁNG
A. TÓM TẮT LÝ THUYẾT
I. Hiện tượng quang điện(ngoài) - Thuyết lượng tử ánh sáng.
a. Hiện tượng quang điện
 
!"
b. Các định luật quang điện
+ Định luật quang điện thứ nhất (định luật về giới hạn quang điện):
#$%&'(()*+&+λ ,-.&

λ
/
0
+1&2-3λ≤λ
/
"
+ Định luật quang điện thứ hai (định luật về cường độ dòng quang điện bảo hòa):
#$%&'()+λ≤λ
/
!14567
*78%&459(("
+ Định luật quang điện thứ ba
(định luật về động năng cực đại của quang electron):
#5:;<0=)>5
%4509((18)>5%&
+((%*?"
c. Thuyết lượng tử ánh sáng
@A99)==B!"C')==+:DE:0F
)==εGHI!"JK2=L
λ
ε


ch
fh
"
"
==

H;$0+, ,M"GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"3.$TU
GR"F/
V
W3%$2="
@A4598%&$)==)F2-"
@T2B1-XB1)D-?)>1YZ)D-?)>)=="
@A)==-6%&$5GR"F/
V
W2="
@J:0')==?"C5969-K[M?\)==6?\-XB1)2
B)"]L%-L?-9X>"
@T==8^-_5"`=+)==M-X"
d. Giải thích các định luật quang điện
@A=MaD%\3HG
λ
hc
Ga@
O
F
%
O
D/

"
Q%&λ
/
&03λ
/
G
A
hc
QA=03
/
"
λ
ch
A
=
Qb;$+&3
/
/
λ
c
f
=

%&3]
/
%$;<0#,%E0]
/
W!

/

λ
&0#,%E0λ
/
UµUU)!
-

!Gc1F"F/
QRF
$0UGF1N"F/
QFc
A(-X$UF]GF1N"F/
QFc
I"
@d*E&
Chất kim loại
λ
o
(µm)
Chất kim loại
λ
o
(µm)
Chất bán dẫn
λ
o
(µm)
d /1ON J /1P/ e F1VV
#^ /1R/ ` /1PP f F1FF
`g /1RP h /1NN Tf S1FS
J= /1RN AD /1iP A6f /1c/

e. Lưỡng tính sóng - hạt của ánh sáng
@j%k+(?+1%k+(?"b++l(+Q"
@b'14_5(?X"`(?+_
L(?41%"
@f+k+&+ 1)==+:&L(?_m1n
1n*:2D-X1*:)o17(?+4"
@b+k+&+61)==M%&++:1L(?+_
,n1pD1 1o17(?L4"
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bF
q
*7
q
rs

s
II. Hiện tượng quang điện trong.
a. Chất quang dẫn: A?6tu?6t16tv=EK%6t$E
K()"
b. Hiện tượng quang điện trong:*)+XK_Zn
6t^4'$9%L6t1"
c. Quang điện trở: #K6<XM"#+5?6t+En-w
459K%+()"
d. Pin quang điện: T^+:Kw<K):"
50)6<X05$?6t^=D1X11"""!"f?5
0)4+Ek/1P]K/1V]
T)4!xn^?)%92%9D1X%21
%[>1-1-(Z"o
III. So sánh hiện tượng quang điện ngoài và quang điện trong:
So sánh Hiện tượng quang điện ngoài Hiện tượng quang dẫn
] ` A?6t

d&+(( J1:&B! ]k1:LL?-""!
y_8;((+:&+6L?-!X
M6>nn-wK((169\_<5!
%)K<K)::!
IV. Hiện tượng quang–Phát quang.
a. Sự phát quang
@A+5$??)>:6&56+1L+*:)MDk
\L?-"A+<)"
@C'?)+5)w+"
b.Huỳnh quang và lân quang- So sánh hiện tượng huỳnh quang và lân quang:
So sánh Hiện tượng huỳnh quang Hiện tượng lân quang
]) A?(? A? 
b4)
z? 1 ? 
((
`v65*4 (
(%);2-K%419-?!
#_Q{6>
a|=+&+6
,((:v,Q
;$,!"y9}$
d_=1"""
c. Định luật Xtốc về sự phát quang( Đặc điểm của ánh sánghuỳnh quang )
j)+&+λ

6,&+0((λ

3
hf
hq

< hf
kt
=> λ
hq
> λ
kt
.
d.Ứng dụng của hiện tượng phát quang: fB6>}$_ )1L0
65(B1%1-("fB6>,)vX_="
V. Mẫu nguyên tử Bo.
a. Mẫu nguyên tử của Bo @Tiên đề về trạng thái dừng
QJ-XB8^5$+:DE~

16k"`n
6k1-XB=MD"
Qb6k0-XB1-_52Xu•+(
DE•6k"
QA=M(•6k0-XB-=3r
n
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2
r
0
1%&$-X%
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1(dZn•`!
b6k F O R S P N

bX•6k ` € C J r T
d(3r
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J:-XB=3
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"
QdL41-XBn6k+:?)?,*"`?)>:
L-XB-_X6k+:,1(("b4-XBn
((? lF/
QV
!"f+-XB-_%\6k+:?),%$
9%\,*"
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bO
@Tiên đề về sự bức xạ và hấp thụ năng lượng của nguyên tử
Q`-XB-_k6k+:~

6k+:~

,L
-XB)5)==+:3ε = hf
nm
= E
n
– E
m
.
QJ1K-XBn6k+:~

?)>5)==+:HZ
.~

‚~

L+-_6k+:~


&,"
Qf<-_k6k~

6k~

M%&<*-0k•6k+(


•6k+(

%"

b. Quang phổ phát xạ và hấp thụ của nguyên tử hidrô
QJ-XB=+6k~
`
1~

1~
C
1""""
`+-_5X•6k`1€1C1"""
Q`-_kM:~

!D$M:
?),~
?)
!L+)5)==+:DE3hf = E
cao
– E

thấp
.
QC')==+;$HM%&5+, +&+λG
f
c
1M5%)w+5
-5%E(!?E"#\+(*quang phổ phát xạ của hiđrô là quang phổ vạch.
QJK5-XB=n5M:E
thấp
+.59 1
++?*)==+:k&K1L)M-XB+g?)>5)==
+:)9)ε = E
cao
– E
thấp
_-_XM:E
cao
.J%-15+, xE
?)>1X)wX>D?5%$"y+quang phổ hấp thụcủa nguyên tử hiđrô[
quang phổ vạch.
VI. Sơ lược về laze.
€ƒ5^)5945&6<X%M6>)D*M"
a Đặc điểm của laze
@€ƒ+(, ?"
@bƒ9K))==9+9;$%9)!"
@bƒ9+(E&!"
@bƒ+45&"](6>3ƒ^!+45&F/
N
„W
O

"
b. Một số ứng dụng của laze
@bƒ696w)… 1_u5$646>!1"
@bƒ69-\==.)1%=-KE%E1\_%[>1"""
@bƒ69;YAy1Z8*1*^1(n4)w=1"""
@bƒ691 n†"""
@Jƒ769_1 1=1"""(D%=)"
B. CÁC DẠNG BÀI TẬP
I. HIỆN TƯỢNG QUANG ĐIỆN:
1. Các công thức:
@J:0)==3εGH"b2=3εG
λ
hc
"
@A=MaD3 HG
λ
hc
Ga@
O
F
%
O
D/

G
/
λ
hc
@„
6D

U
@e&3λ
/
G
A
hc
UA=03
/
"
λ
ch
A
=
%
/CD
%$;0$
H1λ;$1&+0((
@#_67XLs
a`
≤s

s

‡/!3
O
/ D
O
M
h
mv

eU =
s

Kx
Lưu ý:b5$4?-s

ˆ/L+5&"
@hv%=)%\1+K<]
CD
%*<6
CD
-_5
4*+45~(=M3
O
D / D D
F
O
M M M
e V mv e Ed= =
@]&sKu%1%
a
%$<0)%$1%
`
G%
/CD

%$;<04$L3 
O O
F F
O O

A K
e U mv mv= -
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bR
?)>




MD



H

E
n
E
m
hf
nm
@f$)=)%3
λ
pt ptλ
N = =
ε hc
@A=?0^3
ε
λ
nP =


λ
n
$))'2-"
ε
B"
@A4567x73
enI
ebh
=
e*BG

1%&$Ka$!
e
n
$M'2-G$&'2-
e
(-X$"
@Kx3 
O
/
F
W W
O
h e
eU m v
=
@?B3
λ
n
n

H
e
=
-3
bh
I hc
H =
pλ e
e
n
$M'2-"
λ
n
$))%'2-"
2. Các HẰNG SỐ Vật Lý và ĐỔI ĐƠN VỊ Vật Lý :
@.$T3GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"
@]$2=3GR"F/
V
W
@#(-X$3‰‰GF1N"F/
QFc
AU-GF1N"F/
QFc
A
@`$03-

!Gc1F"F/
QRF


@#w,%E3F]GF1N"F/
QFc
I"FC]GF1N"F/
QFR
I"
+A.$Š-;-‹DPi/CfU‹DPi/~fUPi/~fT.3
[CONST] Number [0 ∼40] DxX )0-(;-!"
Lưu ý :`(69-(;-19--X;\+_)<K).$k\
x1K$K*(D,LX)hằng số=xCONST
[0∼ 40] xŠ-Œ(Xem thêm bảng HẰNG SỐ VẬT LÍ dưới đây!
Bảng Các hằng số vật lí :
Hằng số vật lí Mã số Cách nhập máy :
570MS bấm: CONST 0∼ 40 =
570ES bấm: fq‹b7 0∼ 40 =
Giá trị hiển thị
`$)=
)
! /F A•/FŽG F1NiONOFPV"F/
QOi
!
`$,

! /O A•/OŽG F1NiScOiFN"F/
QOi
!
Khối lượng êlectron (m
e
) /R A•/RŽG 9,10938188.10
-31

(kg)
Bán kính Bo (a
0
) /P A•/PŽG 5,291772083.10
-11
(m)
Hằng số Plăng (h) /N A•/NŽG 6,62606876.10
-34
(Js)
`$F! Fi A•FiŽG F1NN/PRViR"F/
QOi
!
Điện tích êlectron (e) OR A•ORŽG 1,602176462.10
-19
(C)
f$a%==J
a
! OS A•OSŽG N1/OOFSFcc"F/
OR

QF
!
.$d=ƒ,! OP A•OPŽG F1RV/NP/R"F/
QOR
fq!
b_((n\X
…]

!
ON A•ONŽG /1/OOSFRccN

R
!
.$((nz! Oi A•OiŽG V1RFSSiOIW"`!
Tốc độ ánh sáng trong chân
không (C
0
) hay c
OV A•OVŽG 299792458 (m/s)
e$4?! RP A•RPŽG c1V/NNPW
O
!
.$z-6z

z∞!
FN A•FNŽG 1,097373157.10
7
(m
-1
)
.$?)6te! Rc A•RcŽG N1NiR"F/
QFF
J
O
W
O
!

-Ví dụ1: Máy 570ES:
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bS
Các hàng số Thao tác bấm máy Fx 570ES Kết quả hiển thị màn hình Ghi chú

Hằng số Plăng (h)
fq‹b7ArJfb06 = 6.62606876 .10
-34
J.s
Tốc độ ánh sáng trong
chân không (C
0
) hay c
fq‹b7ArJfb28 = 299792458 m/s
Điện tích êlectron (e)
fq‹b7ArJfb23 = 1.602176462 10
-19
C
Khối lượng êlectron (m
e
)
fq‹b7ArJfb03 = 9.10938188 .10
-31
Kg
.$z-6z

z∞!
fq‹b7ArJfb16 =
1,097373157.10
7
(m
-1
)
b. Đổi đơn vị ( không cần thiết lắm):]&x+_*n )0-("
QMáy 570ES?Shift 8Conv•x$Ž=

-Ví dụ 2: bkRNW•W1?3 36 Shift 8•Conv] 19= Màn hình hiển thị : 10m/s
Máy 570MS?Shift Const Conv•x$Ž=
3. Các dạng bài tập:AF]GF1N"F/
QFc
IUGN1NOP"F/
QRS
IUGR"F/
V
WU

Gc1F"F/
QRF
"
Dạng 1: Tính giới hạn quang điện, công thoát và vận tốc cực đại ban đầu của e quang điện
khi bật ra khỏi Katot.
a.PPG: -e&3λ
/
G
A
hc
UA=
/
"
λ
ch
A
=
Ua3I]UF]GF1N"F/
QFc
I

QT,LaD3HG
λ
hc
Ga@
O
F
%
O
D/

Q#5:<3
D
/
F F
 !
d
W hc
λ λ
= −
‡Gˆ
O
/
/
F
O
hc hc
mv
λ λ
= +
Gˆ

/
/
O F F
 !
e
hc
v
m
λ λ
= −

QA.$3
RS V Fc
N1NOP"F/ U R"F/ W U F1N"F/h c m s e C
− −
= = =
;
RF
c1F"F/
e
m kg

=
b.Các Ví dụ :
Ví dụ 1:e&0gλ

G/1RPµ"b(=0Xg•
HD giải: bk=M3
/
 

a
/
a
λ
λ
= => =

RS V
N1NOP"F/ "R"F/
N
/1RP"F/

=

GP1NiVPi"F/
QFc
IG3,549eV
d?-(3)2$ fq‹b7 06 hfq‹b728 A↓0,35 X10x
-6
=5.6755584x10
-19
J
#w]3AK)3d?÷fq‹b7 23 =Hiển thị:3,5424 eV
Nhận xét: Hai kết quả trên khác nhau là do thao tác cách nhập các hắng số !!!
Ví dụ 2:(TN-2008)3e&0^A!•
/
G/1R/‘"dK.$GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"%
%$-\2=GR"F/

V
W"A=0X=\0^
a"N1NOP"F/
QFc
I" d"N1ONP"F/
QFc
I" A"V1PON"F/
QFc
I" y"V1NOP"F/
QFc
I"
HD Giải:A=3
"IN1NOP"F/
F/"R1/
F/"R"F/"NOP1N
FcQ
N
VRS
/
===


λ
hc
A
#)a
Ví dụ 3:e&0eλ

GF1VVµ"b(:(:;K_
*)+5XXKX6t!0e•

HD giải:bk=M3
/
 
a
/
a
λ
λ
= => =

RS V
N1NOP"F/ "R"F/
N
F1VV"F/

=

GF1/Pi"F/
QFc
IG/1NN]
Ví dụ 4:C5+=O1P]"b(&0+3
A./1ScNc
µ
 B./1NSc
µ
 C./1ROP
µ
 D./1OOc
µ


HD Giải: e&
RS V
Fc
 N"NOP"F/ "R"F/
/
a O"P"F1N"F/
λ


= =
GS1cNViP"F/
Qi
G/1ScNcµ"#)a
Ví dụ 5:e&0`€69`/1NNµ"b(3
F"A=0`€69`,%EI%]"
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bP
O"b(5:<;%%$<0M`1K
K%+&+/1Pµ"
HD giải: F"
/
 
a
/
a
λ
λ
= => =
GF1ViP]GR"F/
QFc
I"

O"
D
/
F F

d
W hc
λ λ
= −
!Gc1NR"F/
QO/
IGˆ
/
/
O F F
 !
e
hc
v
m
λ λ
= −
bK$3
RS V
/
RF N
O"N1NOP"F/ "R"F/ F F
 !
c1F"F/ "F/ /1P /1NN
v


− −
= −
GSN/O/S1PRONGS1N"F/
P
W
Ví dụ 6:A$05K+=.R1P]"
"bL;$&%&0?-"
"`K%$5MD+&+OP/+D*-=•
QbLKua%`_67./"
QbL5:;<0X"
QbL%$0X`"
HD giải:
"b;$&3HGWλ
/
GaWGR1P"F1N"F/
QFc
WN1NOP"F/
QRS
G/1VSP"F/
FP
ƒ"
e&λ

GWaGN1NOP"F/
QRS
"R"F/
V
WR1P"F1N"F/
QFc

GR1PP"F/
Qi
"G/1RPPµ
"]LλGOP/G/1OP/µ‡λ

G/1RPPµXD*-
Q#_67XL=04)*X5:;<0X"

O O
RS V
Fc
/ /
Fc V
F F N1NOP"F/ "R"F/
 !  R1P"F1N"F/ !
O O" F1N"F/ OP"F/
h h
mv mv
hc
eU U A
e e
λ


− −
= ⇒ = = − = −

Gˆs

GQF1Si]

Q#5:;<
O
/
W W F1Si
O
h
mv
eU eV
= =
GF1Si"F1N"F/
QFc
GO1RP"F/
QFc
IG/1ORP"F/
QFV
I
-3„

G






−=









λ

λ
=
−−

VV
VRS
/
O
/
F/"P1RP
F
F/"OP
F
F/"R"F/"NOP1N
FF

O
%
G/1ORP"F/
QFV
I
Q]$0X
P
RF

FV
/
F/"Fc1i
F/"F1c
F/"ORP1/"O
O
===


m
W
v
đ
W"
DẠNG 2: Tìm động năng (vận tốc)cực đại của electron khi xảy ra hiện tượng quang điện:
HD Giải : A=M3
O
/ D
O
M
mv
hc
hf Ae
l
= = = +
%&
O
D

O

m
mv
E =
k+-~

"€’3F]GF1N"F/
QFc
I
Ví dụ 1 3A$0K.%=H1K=0%&%=Hi1O"F/
Q
Fc
I"AK%$+&+
/1FV m
λ µ
=
"#5:<0X=M=
X•
HD Giải:A=M
O
/ D
O
M
mv
hc
hf Ae
l
= = = +
"%&
O
D


O
m
mv
E =
bk+-~
D
Cn53,<L]D[L~
D
"""
Ví dụ 2:AK;MD+&+
F
λ
GN//%
O
λ
G/1R
m
µ
%5?L
+%2$<;%
F
GO"F/
P
W%%
O
GS"F/
P
W"AK.MD+&
+

R
λ
G/1O
µ
L%$<0B
a"P"F/
P
Wd"O
i
"F/
P
WA"
N
"F/
P
Wy"N"F/
P
W
Giải 13a)6>AbaD
O
O
O
O
F
F
O
F
U
O
F

mvA
hc
mvA
hc
+=+=
λλ
!F!
O
F
!
FF

O
F
O
O
FO
vvmhc −=−→
λλ
O
R
R
O
F
mvA
hc
+=
λ
!O!
O

F
!
FF

O
F
O
R
FR
vvmhc −=−→
λλ
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bN
€?-)O!3)F!3
smv
v
vv
vv
WF/"iOO
F/"SF/"FN
F/"S
FF
FF
P
R
F/F/
F/O
R
FO
FR
O

F
O
O
O
F
O
R
=→=





=


λλ
λλ
Giải 23
b+3
F
λ
hc
Ga@„
F
F!
O
λ
hc
Ga@„

O
O!
R
λ
hc
Ga@„
R
R!
y%
O
GO%
F
Gˆ„
O
GS„
F
F!GˆS
F
λ
hc
GSa@„
O
F“!
€?-F“!‚O!US
F
λ
hc
Q
O
λ

hc
GRaGˆaG
R
hc

F
S
λ
Q
O
F
λ
!S!

R
G
R
λ
hc
QaG
R
F
λ
Q
F
R
S
λ
@
O

R
F
λ
!G
ROF
RFROOF
R
SR
λλλ
λλλλλλ
+−
F!

F
G
F
λ
hc
QaG
F
F
λ
Q
F
R
S
λ
@
O
R

F
λ
!G
OF
OF
R
λλ
λλ

O!
bkF!%O!
F
R
đ
đ
W
W
G
ROF
RFROOF
!
SR
λλλ
λλλλλλ

+−
GiGˆ"
F
R
v

v
G
i
=> v
3
= v
1
i
= 2
i
.10
5
m/s. Chọn B
DẠNG 3: Tìm hiệu điện thế hãm để không electron về anot (hay dòng quang điện triệt tiêu)
HD Giải :
Q=%\64=**nZ"
QC$%-L3A=*4+Ev?.5:;<0
"b+3
O
/ D
O
M
h
mv
eU =
-3s

G
‰‰O
O

/
e
mv

Q€’3`K*Ls

‡/"b K=+E2LE5&"
Ví dụ 1 3AK5+&+/1SP
m
µ
%05K"A=
O]"bLKu%_67X•
HD Giải:]6>s

G
‰‰O
O
/
e
mv
)*L~

G
ε
Qa"]&~

G
O
/
O

F
mv
bk+Ls

GQ/1iN]
Dạng 4: Liên hệ giữa động năng ban đầu ( vận tốc ban đầu)và hiệu điện thế hãm giữa 2
cực của A và K để triệt tiêu dòng quang điện.
PPG "QTbaD3HG
λ
hc
Ga@
O
F
%
O
D/
"
Q#E’5:3
D
"
d
eUh W
=
Gˆ
/
F F
 !
h
hc
U

e
λ λ
= −

Ví dụ 1:bK+&+/1SOµ%`05"A=0`€`O]"#_
X67L)*6-L5Kxs
a`
.X•
HD Giải:
/
F F
 !
h
hc
U
e
λ λ
= −
b(sGQ/1cP]
Ví dụ 2:AK9MDk+;$HGP1iN"F/
FS
ƒ%5KL
+%$;<%G/1S"F/
N
W"b(=%&+&0
+"
HD Giải 3aGHQ
O
/
O

F
mv
GR1/VV"F/
QFc
IUλ
/
G
A
hc
G/1NS"F/
QN
"
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bi
Ví dụ 3:A=O1SV]"C5K+=.1
K.9MD+λG/1RNµL567+45*7
Rµa"b(%$;<0%$M=F2-"
HD Giải3„
6/
G
λ
hc
QaGF1PP"F/
QFc
IU%
/
G
m
W
d /
O

G/1PV"F/
N
WU

G
e
I
bh
GF1ViP"F/
FR
"
Ví dụ 4:AKMD+&+λG/1SRVµ%=05K"dK
=0K+&λ
/
G/1NOµ"bL)xX67
"
HD Giải 3„
6/
G
λ
hc
Q
/
λ
hc
GF1RR"F/
QFc
IUs

GQ

e
W
d /
GQ/1VR]"
Ví dụ 5: AK5MDk+&+λ%=05K"dK=
0=R]% %&%$;<i"F/
P
W"h
E&+0MDk+%KMDk+5%9+k"
HD Giải 3λG
O
/
O
F
mvA
hc
+
G/1OVOPc"F/
QN
UMD+5%9B"
Ví dụ 6:AKMD+&+/1S/Pµ%5?L+%$
;<%
F
"b-MD+;$FN"F/
FS
ƒL%$;<0
%
O
GO%
F

"bL=0"
HD Giải3H
F
G
F
λ
c
Gi1S"F/
FS
ƒU
O
F
O
F
mv
GH
F
‚aU
O
O
O
F
mv
GS
O
F
O
F
mv
GH

O
‚a
SG
Ahf
Ahf


F
O
aG
R
S
OF
hfhf −
GR"F/
QFc
I"
Ví dụ 7:AKMD+&+λG/1Sµ%=05K"dK=
0=aGO]1)u=%=s
a`
GP]"b(5:<0
&="
HD Giải 3„
/
G
λ
hc
QaGV1Fi"F/
QFc
IU„

D
G„
/
@‰‰s
a`
GFN1Fi"F/
QFc
IGF/1F]"
Ví dụ 8:A0K.^1=^S1Si]"
AK3GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"!UGR"F/
V
W!UGF1N"F/
QFc
A!"
"b(&0^"
"AK^4OMDk+&+•
F
G/1OF/‘!%•
O
G/1RO/‘!%0K
X1)*Kx.X_X67"
HD Giải :
"b(•
/
"e&0^3•
/
G
OiV1/

F/"N1F"Si1S
F/"R"F/"NOP1N
Fc
VRS
==


A
hc
‘!"
"b(s

3•
F
‡•
/
‡•
O
6+8+•
F
2-

"
#\_67X3
DđhAK
WeUUe >=
"
!SSN1F
F
D

VA
hc
ee
W
U
đ
h
=






−=>
λ
Ví dụ 9:€;K%=05KMD, +&+
m
µλ
N1/
F
=
%
m
µλ
P1/
O
=
LKx_67X;"e&0
=3

A.
!"iSP1/ m
µ
 B.
!"iOR1/ m
µ
C.
!"NNi1/ m
µ
D.
!"NVc1/ m
µ

HD Giải :
@`69
F
/F
F h
Ue
hchc
+=⇒
λλ
λ
F!U
@`69
F
/
O
/O
O

R
hh
Ue
hc
Ue
hchc
==+=⇒
λλλ
λ
O!
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bV
@bkF!%O!
!NNi1/
R
O
FO
OF
/
m
µ
λλ
λλ
λ
=

=⇒

Ví dụ 10:AKMD+&+•FGOiN%05K.=L
Kx_X67F1/P]"b-MDX.MD•OGOSV%4
.^LKx_X674/1VN]"]-K^4*

MD•F%•O%4)^%=LKx_X67

a"F1/P] d"F1PP] A"/1VN] y"F1cF]
Giải :Kx
h
UeA
c
h +=
λ
]-K^4*MDD•F%•O%4)^%=LK
x_X67
@b?-&+,%L
λ
Ls

&!
@A=,Ls

&!
d;
JUe
c
hAUeA
c
h
hALhAl
FcFc
c
VRS
F

F
F
F
F/"POF1P/P1F"F/"N1F
F/"OiN
F/"R"F/"NOP1N
−−


=−=−=↔+=
λλ

%
JUe
c
hAUeA
c
h
hCuhCU
FcFc
c
VRS
O
O
O
O
F/"NRV1NVN1/"F/"N1F
F/"OSV
F/"R"F/"NOP1N
−−



=−=−=↔+=
λλ
]-+
V
e
A
c
h
UUeA
c
h
AL
hAl
PPV1F
F/"N1F
F/"POF1P
F/"OSV
F/"R"F/"NOP1N
Fc
Fc
c
VRS
O
O
=

=


=↔+=




λ
λ
Ví dụ 11:AKMD+&+•₁G/1OP‘%605K;5
Kxs₁GR]_X67"AK^4•₁%•₂G/1FP‘LKx
+X•
GIẢI :b+3( Phương trình Anh-xtanh)3
W W
h
hc
A e U
λ
= +

b\3
F
F
O
O
W W
W W
h
h
hc
A e U
hc

A e U
λ
λ

= +




= +



f-3
( )
O F
O F
F F
 ! W W W W
h h
hc e U U
λ λ
− = −
Gˆ"
O F
O F
F F
W W  ! W W
h h
hc

U U
e
λ λ
= − + =
N1R/N]
Dạng 5: Cho U
AK
> 0 hãy tính vận tốc của e khi đập vào Anot.
PPG3e%%$0)%a"j)6>E(5:3

O O
/
F F
O O
AK
mv mv eU
− =
=>
O O
/
F F
O O
AK
mv mv eU
= +
=>
O
F
O
AK

mv A eU
ε
= + − +
O
/
F F F
 !
O
AK
mv hc eU
λ λ
= − +
Gˆ v
Ví dụ 1:
Ví dụ 2:`$0K+=F1P]1KnMD, λ"€;
%K1)s
a`
GR]%s“
a`
GFP]1L?-%$<0X=)%$:?)
="eE0λ3
a"/1OPcµ"d"/1icPµ"A"/1Sciµ"y"/1OFFµ"
Giải3b#EL5:3s
a`
G
O
O
mv
Q
O

O
Do
mv
F!
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bc
s“
a`
G
O

O
mv
Q
O
O
Do
mv
GS
O
O
mv
Q
O
O
Do
mv
O!
GˆO!‚F!3R
O
O

mv
Gs“
a`
‚s
a`
!GFO]Gˆ
O
O
mv
GS]R!
bKR!%F!Gˆ
O
O
Do
mv
G
O
O
mv
Qs
a`
GF]
Gˆ
λ
hc
Ga@
O
O
Do
mv

GF1P]@F]GO1P]Gˆλ =
eV
hc
P1O
= 0,497 µm. Chọn C
Dạng 6: Cho công suất của nguồn bức xạ. Tính số Phôton đập vào Katot sau thời gian t
PPG: J:09)%`*43„GT"
Qf$))%`*43
" "
"
W P t
N
h c
λ
λ
ε
= =

QA=?0^3TG

"•"
•
$),M%&MD•)F2-!"
QA4567x3q

G

""

$kKF2-!"

Q?3G
λ
n
n
e

Ví dụ 1:C5}), +λG/1Nµg)X)F/K=
?}TGF/„"e*3
N
O/
RS V
" " F/"/1N"F/ "F/
R1/FVc"F/
" N"NOP"F/ "R"F/
W P t
N
h c
λ
λ
ε


= = = =
GR1/O"F/
O/
)
Ví dụ 2:J^€)uDMD+:
R///W J
=
"dMD)+&+

nmSV/=
λ
"b($)'MD+•
HD Giải : e$)'DJ"
ε
:05)!
J:0'D€3
W N
ε
=

c
OF
RS V
" R///"SV/"F/
i1OP"F/
" N1NOP"F/ "R"F/
W W
N
h c
λ
ε


⇒ = = = =
)
DẠNG 7: Tìm số electron bay ra khỏi anot, số photon đập vào anot trong một thời gian t
bất kỳ. Tìm hiệu suất quang điện.
PPG: ?B0K(.8$u$
`%&$))%`"

H =
λ
n
n
e
=>
"
"
" "
bh
bh
I t
I hc
e
H
P t
e P
hc
λ
λ
= =
.
HD Giải : 
QbL$-$676%-%6>=M3
qGWG

‰‰Wk+-

QbL$))%3bL:09)%?-:09)
:05)L+$);L"]&-\4=?MD

TX+3
)
Ga
)
W
ε
GT"WH"
QC$L?69=M3G

W
)

Ví dụ 1 33AK59MD%K+.JL4567
x7R
A
µ
"f$EM)ZX•
HD Giải:j)6>=MqGWG

‰‰W-

Gq"W‰‰"€’w,%E0q)
Ví dụ 2 3AK%$5+&+/1PSN‘1L67*+EOa"
A=?MDF1PFP„"?BX•"
HD Giải : j)6>=M3qGWG

‰‰WL

U=M
)

Ga
)
W
ε
GT"WH"
L
)
%=MG

W
)
_L"€’3(–
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bF/
Ví dụ 3:`KFMDk+&+/1P%\0K67
x7/1ROa"A=?MD)%`TGF1P„"(?0K"
HD Giải:
RS V
Fc N
" "
/1RO"N1NOP"F/ "R"F/
"F//– PR–
" " F1N"F/ "F1P"/1P"F/
bh
I h c
H
e P
λ

− −
= = =

Ví dụ 4 :A=0X$%&JO1SV]!"A0K.J
KnMD+&+•

G/1RN‘!L+67xq

GP/a!"AK3G
N1NOP"F/
QRS
I"!UGR"F/W!U

Gc1F"F/
QRF
!UQGQF1N"F/
QFc
A!"
!b(&0J"
!b(%$;<0X"
!?.N/–1(=?0^MDK%="
HD Giải:
!b(•
/
"e&3•
/
G
P1/=
A
hc
‘!"
!b(%
/

"T,LaQD3
λ
hc
G
O
O
D/
mv
A +
"
f-3
( )
smA
hc
m
v
e
WF/"VS1P
O
P
D/
=






−=
λ

!b(T"b+q

G

"-

G
e
I
bh
"TG

"•-

G
ε
P
"

λ
n
n
H
e
=
6+
Oc1/
"
≈=
λ

He
hcI
P
bh
„!"
Ví dụ 5 :A?HD?)>((+&+•G/1SV‘%)+&
+•“G/1NS‘"dK?0<)-c/–(hiệu suất của sự phát quang là tỉ số giữa
năng lượng của ánh sáng phát quang và năng lượng của ánh sáng kích thích trong một đơn vị thời gian)1$
)==0((KKFO/FO"F/
F/
"f$)==09))
F
A. O1NVOi"F/
FO
B. O1SFSS"F/
FR
C. F1RPVF"F/
FR
D. O1cV/i"F/
FF
HD Giải3A=?0((3TGJ
λ
hc

J$)==0(()F
A=?0)3T“GJ“

λ
hc


J“$)==0))F
?0<)3G

””
λ
λ
N
N
P
P
=
GˆJ“GJ
λ
λ

GO/FO"F/
F/
"/1c"
SV1/
NS1/
GO1SFSS"F/
FR
"Chọn B
Dạng 8: Cho cường độ dòng quang điện bão hoà. Tính số e quang điện bật ra khỏi Katot
sau khoảng thời gian t.
PPG: #-_k`→a3Gq

"G

""Gˆ

" "
" "
bh bh
e
I t I
q
n
e t e t e
= = =

e

$n`

≤
λ

!U
e$Ka$≤
1
`q

Gq

"bLG

!

Lưu ý:JK\=m–%\aLZ++_G


G
λ

Ví dụ 1:A4567x/1ROa"b($`0K
4O/K8V/–$%\a"
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bFF
HD Giải:G
λ
n
n
e
G/1VGˆ
λ
G
e
n
H
-3
"
"
bh
I
n
e H
λ
=
"]J
λ
G
λ

"

bK$3
R
FN
Fc
/1RO"F/ "O/
P"F/
F1N"F/ "/1V
N hat
λ


= =
Ví dụ 2:C5K+=.a+=.P1FP]"AK9
, +&+/1O/µ%=0KL?-4567*
7S1Pµa"dK=?9MDR„"hE%$<0+%kE
=%?B"
HD Giải "b+3„
6/
G
λ
hc
QaGF1i"F/
QFc
IU%
/
G
m
W

d /
O
G/1N"F/
N
W"


G
e
I
bh
GO1V"F/
FR
U
λ
G
hc
P
hc
P
λ
λ
=
GR"F/
FP
G
λ
n
n
e

Gc1R"F/
QR
G/1cR–"
Ví dụ 3: J^ M?+=?T
F
), +&+
F
SP/nm
λ
=
"J^
M+=?T
O
), +&+
O
/1N/ m
λ µ
=
"b95*
418$u$)^M?)%&$)^M)R3F"b8
$T
F
%T
O
3
A. S" B. cWS C. SWR" D. R"
Giải: T
F
G
t

N
F
F
λ
hc
T
O
G
t
N
O
O
λ
hc
Gˆ
O
F
P
P
G
O
F
N
N
F
O
λ
λ
GR
SP1/

N1/
GS"Chọn A
Ví dụ 4:A$05K.A+=aGO]1KMD
+&+λG/1RciPµ"dK456x7qGOµa%?G
/1Pb($)==&=FX
Giải3J:0)εG
λ
hc
GP"F/
QFc
IGR1FOP]ˆaGO]XD*-"
f$=FJ

G
e
I
/
G
Fc
N
F/"N1F
F/"O


GF1OP"F/
FR
G
N
N
e

Với N là số phôntôn tới catôt trong 1s : N =
H
N
e
= 2,5.10
13
Dạng 9: Ứng dụng của hiện tượng quang điện để tính các hằng số h, e, A.
j)6>=M3
QJ:0)==3•GHG
λ
c
"
- T,LaQD3•G
O
O
D/
mv
A +
"
- Kx3
O
D/
O
F
mveUUe
hAK
==
"
Ví dụ 1: `K59%5L+D*-"JK69
Kx.R]!LXEu=-"AK&

0+3•
/
G/1P‘!UGN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"!UGR"F/
V
W!UQGQF1N"F/
QFc
A!"b(;$
09&"
HD Giải :AXEu=X3
O
D/
O
F
mveUUe
hAK
==
T,LaQD3HGa@
O
D/
O
F
mv
"
-HGs

@aGs

@

/
λ
hc
Uf-3HG
/
λ
c
h
eU
h
+
"
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bFO
b-$13
!F/"OSP1FR
F/"P1/
F/"R
F/"NOP1N
R"F/"N1F
FS
N
V
RS
Fc
Hzf =+=
−−

"
Ví dụ 2:AKMD+&+/1RP‘!%51X \E
un5Kx"`-9MD+&+*/1/P‘!LKx

:/1Pc]!"b((0X"AK3GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"!UGR"F/
V
W!"
HD Giải :b+
λ
hc
G
O
O
D/
mv
A +
GA + eU
h
( Phương trình Anh-xtanh)
b\3







∆++=
∆−
+=
! UUeA
hc

eUA
hc
h
h
λλ
λ
]&
U∆
G/1Pc]!%
λ

G/1/P‘!"f-3
!F/"N/S1F
FF
Fc
C
U
hc
e

=






∆−



−=
λλλ
"
Ví dụ 3:€;KMD+&+•
F
G/1S/P‘!1•
O
G/1SRN‘!%\05
%Kx,Ms
F
GF1FP]!Us
O
G/1cR]!"AK3GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"!UG
R"F/
V
W!UGF1N"F/
QFc
A!"b(=0+"
HD Giải :
b+3
λ
hc
G
O
O
D/
mv
A +

GA + eU
h
( Phương trình Anh-xtanh)
b\3







∆++=
∆−
+=
! UUeA
hc
eUA
hc
h
h
λλ
λ
f-3
( )
!cO1F
FF
O
F
OF
OF

eVUUehcA
hh
=






+−








+=
λλ
"
Ví dụ 4 :`0K+&/1RO‘!"AK+&
+/1OP‘!%0KX"
AK3GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"!UGR"F/
V
W!U

Gc1F"F/

QRF
!UQGQF1N"F/
QFc
A!"
!b(%$;<0"
!dK.\EZ%\14567x./1ia"b(
$'2-"
HD Giải:b+3
O
D/
O
F
mvUe
AK
=
"T,LaQD3
λ
hc
G
O
O
D/
mv
A +
GA + eU
h
.
b\1+3
( )
sJ

c
UUe
h
eUA
hc
eUA
hc
hh
h
h
"F/"SRR1N
FF
!
RS
FO
FO
O
O
F
F

=











=⇔







+=
+=
λλ
λ
λ
"
Ví dụ 5:AKMD+&+
λ
%0K"67EXsa

QS1F]"s
a`
GP]L%$<0)%3
a"F1iVc"F/
N
Wd"F1iVc"F/
P
WA"F1iVc"F/
P
Wd"F1iVc"F/

S
W
Giải: bE’5:+∆„

G
AK
eU
mv
mv
=−
OO
O
/
O
h
eU
mv
=
O
O
/
Gˆ
!
OO
O
/
O
AKhAK
UUeeU
mv

mv
+=+=
=> v =
N
RF
Fc
F/"iVc1F
F/"F1c
!F1SPF/"N1F"O
!
O
=
+
=+


hAK
UUe
m
(m/s) Chọn A
Dạng 10: Chiếu ánh sáng kích thích có bước sóng thích hợp vào bề mặt tấm KL (hay quả
cầu) được cô lập về điện. Tính hiệu điện thế cực đại mà tấm KL(hay quả cầu) đạt được.
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bFR
PPG: `K((%\`€LE1?`€?BQ!X(
@!%+K]"#46K]2-F=*a
A
G"]:*<M
0K)"J;a
A
‡„6D1X%tEM"#(@!0?`€

:6;1K]:6;"`]G]DL=<*+5&Z.„6D0
X=7"
Ta có:
O
D /D
F
O
M e
eV m v
=
Gˆ
D
/
M
hc hc
eV A
ε
λ λ
= − = −
Vậy
D
/
F F
 !
M
hc
V
e
λ λ
= −


Ví dụ 1:C5*;.^A!=)%\KnFMDk+•

G/1FS‘!1"A
&0A•
F
G/1R‘!"b(K<0*;"
HD Giải3
RS V
D
Fc N N
/
F F N1NOP"F/ "R"F/ F F
 !  ! S1iR
F1N"F/ /1FS"F/ /1R"F/
M
hc
V V
e
λ λ

− − −
= − = − =

Ví dụ 2:A=^S1Pi]"AKMD+&+λG/1FSµ%5*;
.^D%"b(&0^%K<*;^(
"
HD Giải3λ
/
G

Fc
VRS
F/"N1F"Pi1S
F/"R"F/"NOP1N


=
A
hc
G/1Oi"F/
QN
U„
6/
G
λ
hc
QaGN1VV"F/
QFc
IU]
D
G
e
W
d /
GS1R]"
Ví dụ 3:A=gS1OP]"AK%5?—=)%\59M
Dk, L?-?—((<R]"b(&+%;$09
MD"
HD Giải 3„
6/D

G]
D
GR]UλG
6/ D

m
hc
A +
G/1OiS"F/
QN
UHG
c
λ
GF1F"F/
FS
ƒ"
Ví dụ 4:Kx05KF1P]"#%;a!%`!0K
X5)D-\3
a`
GR
R
F//
π
π
+t
!]!"`*467-
K-O)Z;X3
a"N/"d"i/"AV/"yc/

Giải3y7-K

a`


QF1P]"A:M%77
-'|bG/1/O4-K
R
OT
G/1/SWR!"
bO)Z1$LFO/3/1/OGN///!4-3GO"FO/WRGV/"
Chọn C
Ví dụ 5:AK;RMD, +&+8
P1F3O3F33
ROF
=
λλλ
%=05K
L+%$;<,M %+8
kvvv 3F3O33
ROF
=
1%&
k
.3
a"
R
d"
RWF
A"
O
y"

OWF
( )
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
S" F!
O
F! O! R
R
O O
3 O! R O
O O F
R! O! F
N O
R!
F1P" O
hc mv
A
hc mv
hc mv
HD A k
k
hc mv
k
hc mv

A k
λ
λ
λ
λ
λ

= +



− ⇒ =



= + ⇒ ⇒ = ⇒ =
 

 
− ⇒ = −
 

= +


Ví dụ 6:C5^+=?TGO„1)+&+•G/1Pci˜\
&"JK4(,0 S% 7+_*$
_+V/)==% F"d<?)>)==0=4"`*D^
? 7=?-^
a"Oid"Si/A"Ny"OiS

Giải:A45q_^z(=M3qG
O
S R
P
π
"
J: +_3
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bFS
QF1P]
„GqfGq
S
O
d
π
G
O
S R
P
π
S
O
d
π
G
O
O
FNR
Pd
64( !„GV/
λ

hc
QQQQˆ
V/
λ
hc
G
O
O
FNR
Pd
GˆzG
hc
Pd
V/"FN
O
λ
G0,274.10
6
(m) = 274 (km).Chọn D
4.Bài tập tổng hợp có hướng dẫn:
Bài 1: `KMD+&+/1Sµ%$05K1$X67L
Kua%`.QF1OP]"
"bL%$;<0"
"bL=00$+(]!"
HD Giải :"
RF
Fc
/
O
D/

F/"F1c
OP1F"F/"N1F"O
O
‰‰
O


==⇒=
m
eU
veU
mv
h
h
G/1NNR"F/
N

W"
"A=3
( )
RS V
O
O RF N
/D
N
F N1NOP"F/ "R"F/ F
"c1F"F/ " /1NNR"F/
O /1S"F/ O
hc
A mv

λ



= − = −
eVJ VPP1FF/"ci1O
Fc
==

"
Bài 2: A=0%=HS1P]
"b(&0%=H"
"AK%%=HMD+&+λL5:;<0R1N"F/
QFc
I"b(λ"
"AK%?%=H5MD+&+λ“"C$X67L)*;5K
xF1P]"b(λ“•
HD Giải :
"
OiN1/
F/"N1F"P1S
F/"R"F/"NOP1N
a

Fc
VRS
/
===λ



µ"
"
RS V
Fc Fc
N1NOP"F/ "R"F/
/1FVS
S1P"F1N"F/ R1N"F/
đ
đ
hc hc
A W
A W
λ
λ

− −
= + ⇒ = = =
+ +
µ"
"
( )
( )
RS V
Fc Fc
N1NOP"F/ "R"F/
” /1O/i

S1P"F1N"F/ F1P " F1N"F/
h
h

hc hc
A eU
A eU
λ
λ

− −
= + ⇒ = = =
+
+ − −
µ"
Bài 3: A=$__M5X\5?05KF1VV]"`
K5MD+&+/1SVcµL67x7/1ONa"
"b($X$F)Z"
"b(Kx_X67"
HD Giải :
"q

G
e
GON"F/
QP
a"$X$F!"G
FS
Fc
P
F/"OP1FN
F/"N1F
F/"ON
=



U
f$X`F)Z3JGN/GciP"F/
FS
"
"
eVeVA
hc
mv
eU
h
NN1/VV1FPS1OVV1F
F/"N1F"F/"SVc1/
F/"R"F/"NOP1N
O
FcN
VRS
O
/
=−=−=−==
−−

λ
"Kxs

G‚/1NN]"
Bài 4: A$0K.DX6A!+&λ
/
G/1NNµ"AK%$MDB

+&+λG/1RRµ"Kxs
a`
;u=%=_X67X•
HD Giải :
Q#_X671=0<4)*X5:;<0
X=+5X+_K=!

( )
( )
O
RS V
/D
N Fc
/ / /
N1NOP"F/ "R"F/
F1VV
O
/1NN"F/ " F1N"F/
AK AK
mv
hc hc hc hc
eU U V
e
λ λ λ λ

− −
= = − = ⇒ = = − = −

QJ%-_X67L3s
a`

≤‚F1VV]"
Bài 5: `K;MD+&+/1OPµ%/1Rµ%5?L%$;<
0X;i1RF"F/
P
W%S1cR"F/
P
W"
"b($0X"
"b(&0?"
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bFP
HD Giải :"
O
%
a

O
D/F
F
+=
λ
U
O
%
a

O
D/O
O
+=
λ

!
O
%
O
%

FF

O
D/O
O
D/F
OF
−=








λ

λ












=










=
−−

NNF/F/
VRS
OF
O
D/O
O
D/F
F/"R1/
F
F/"OP1/

F
F/"R/Sc1OSF/"SRNF1PR
F/"R"F/"NOP1N"OFFO
λλ
vv
hc
m
GF1RNSP"F/
QRN
"/1NNi"F/
N
Gc1F"F/
QRF
"
"e&3
( )
J
mv
hc
A
mv
A
hc
Fc
O
PRF
N
VRS
O
D/F

F
O
D/F
F
F/"PO1P
O
F/"RF1i"F/"F1c
F/"OP1/
F/"R"F/"NOP1N
O
O




=−=−=⇒+=
λλ

mm
A
hc
µλ
RN1/F/"N1R
F/"PO1P
F/"R"F/"NOP1N
i
Fc
VRS
/
====




Bài 6: a. `5?E((%), (+&+/1SµL:0'
)==)+EX•dKGN1NOP"F/
QRS
IUGR"F/
V
W"
"#$%&-XB=1X-_k•C%\•`L-XB))==+
&+/1F/ON‘"€?-GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"1GF1N"F/
QFc
A%GR"F/
V
W"J:0)==-.
X•JK)--\%&+K?
R
S
=n
L:0+-wK•
HD Giải :
"J:0),M3
Fc
N
VRS

F/"ci1S
F/"S1/

F/"R"F/"NOP1N



==
λ

I"
"J:0),M3
RS V
Fc N Fc
N1NOP"F/ "R"F/
FO1F
"F1N"F/ /1F/ON"F/ "F1N"F/
hc
ε
λ

− − −
= = =
]
b;$0g=-w-\=4X:0+[=
-w-\k=(%&"
Bài 7:A=X05i1NS"F/
QFc
I"AK;%\?-MD+
&+λ
F
G/1FV‘1λ
O

G/1OF‘%λ
R
G/1RP‘"€?-GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"1GR"F/
V
W"
"dMD2-$%&+•
"b(5:;<0"
"b(5&0)_X67X"
HD Giải :
"e&3
RS V
/
Fc
N1NOP"F/ "R"F/
/1ON
i1NS"F/
hc
m
A
λ µ


= = =
b+3λ
F
1λ
O
‡λ

/
U%-*MD+\2-+"
"λ
F
1λ
O
2-1Zx-(MD+:0)&,MD
F
λ
!
b=M~3
D/
F
đ
WA
hc
+=
λ

JA
hc
W
đ
FcFc
N
VRS
F
D/
F/"S1RF/"NS1i
F/"FV1/

F/"R"F/"NOP1N
−−


=−=−=
λ
C3
smsm
m
W
vmvW
đ
đ
WF/"NP1VWVNSNP/
F/"F1c
F/"S1R"O
"O
O
F
P
RF
Fc
D/
D/
O
D/D/
≈===⇒=


"#5&)_X673

V
e
W
UUeW
đ
hhđ
FOP1O
F/"N1F
F/"S1R
Fc
Fc
D/
D/
===⇒=


Bài 8:b<(_*423
"~)*+%$.X_5:0+.:05)+&
+
/
PO//A=
λ

"J:0))*.X_$0+.$80•A$
80
kgm
e
RF
F/"F1c


=
"
HD Giải :
"b3
λ
hc
W

=
λ
hc
vm
e
=⇔
O
O
F
sm
m
hc
v
e
WF/"Fi1c
F/"PO//"F/"F1c
F/"R"F/"NOP1N"OO
P
F/RF
VRS
===⇒
−−


λ
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bFN
"J:0)3
O
cmE
ph
=
`$0.$80
( )
eph
mm =
X3

( )
MeVJcmE
e
PF1/F/"Fc1VF/"R"F/"F1c
FS
O
VRFO
====
−−
Bài 9:A=0X$%&^S1Si]"
"b(&0^•
"`KMD+&+•G/1FS‘!%5*;.^%&%L(
KK<X•
"`KMD+&+•”%*;.^-&%L*;
K<R]!"b(•”%%$;0X"
AK3GN1NON"F/

QRSQ
I"!UGR"F/
V
W!U

Gc1F"Fc
QRF
!"
HD Giải :
"
nmm
A
hc
OiVF/"OiV
c
/
===

λ
"eK<0*;.^3]
D
"
`KMD+&+•K*;.^-%&%1
XM*;1(6,0*;:6;
XK]0*;:6;#K]→]
D
"
XM*;\E4vn"Lc!"
b=M~3
O

D/
O
F
mvA
hc
+=
λ
CK<0%(=M3
D
O
D/
O
F
Vemv
=


D
hc
A e V
λ
= +

RS V
Fc
N
D
Fc
N1NOP"F/ "R"F/
S1Si"F1N"F/

/1FS"F/
S1S/O
F1N"F/
hc
A
V V
e
λ






= = =
€+3
D
O
D/
O
F
Vemv
=


sm
m
Ve
v WF/"OSS1F
F/"F1c

S1S"F/"N1F"O
"O
N
RF
Fc
D
D/
===


"b(•”%%”
/"
b,<3
” O
D /
F

” O
hc
A eV mv
λ
− = =
f-3
!FNN1/


D
m
eVA
hc

µλ
=
+
=
"]3%”
/
G
!WF/"/Oi1F
”O
N
D
sm
m
eV
e
=
"
Bài 10:AKMD+&+λG/"Nµ%0FK+=aGF"V]"
y9 59™)%Z-%54ka
Kds
ad
GQF/]"]$?%&?0&d;3
a"FV1iP"F/
P
W%FV1Vi"F/
P
W d"FV1Vi"F/
P
W%FV1iP"F/
P

W
A"FN1iP"F/
P
W%FV"Vi"F/
P
W y"FV1iP"F/
P
W%Fc1//"F/
P
W
Giải: λ
/
G
A
hc
G
RS V
N
Fc
N"NOP"F/ "R"F/
/1Nc"F/ /1Nc
F1V"F1N"F/
m m
µ



= =
U
-`]$;<0\:$%&sadL+%$&?0&

d%3e%-%
D
!%$<0Kd"j)6>E(5:3

O O
/
F F
W W
O O
AB
mv mv eU
− =
=>
O O
/
F F
W W
O O
AB
mv mv eU
= +
=>
O
F
W W
O
AB
mv A eU
ε
= + − +

O
/
F F F
 ! W W
O
AB
mv hc eU
λ λ
= − +

D
/
O W WO F F
 !
AB
eUhc
v
m m
λ λ
= − +
bK$3
RS V Fc
P
D
RF N RF
O"N"NOP"F/ "R"F/ F F O"F1N"F/
 ! "F/ Fc1//"F/ W
c"F"F/ "F/ /1N /1Nc c"F"F/
v m s
− −

− − −
= − + =
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bFi
+ +

+@
+ +

Hình 9
%
/

-`%$;0./L+%$?0&d%

3
O

F
O
AB
mv eU
=
Gˆ

O
AB
v eU
m
=
bK$3

Fc
P

RF
O"F1N"F/
"F/ FV1iPOOV"F/ W
c"F"F/
v m s


= =
#)y
Bài 1 13AKMD+;$H
F

%*;=)LDx-%&K<
0*;]
F
%5:;<0Z.5B=0"AK
K)MD+;$H
2
GH
F
@H%*;+LK<0*;P]
F
"KXMD+;$H
%*;X7%\!LK<0*;3
a" O]
F
d" O1P]

F
A" S]
F"
y. R]
F"
"
•AKH
F
L3
AAAmvAhf P1F
O
F
O
F
O
D/F
=+=+=
#K<3
FF
VeAhf +=
-
AeV
O
F
F
=
•AKH
O
GH
F

@HL3
AAAVeAVeAhfhfhf P1RP1/"PP
FOFO
=+=+=+=+=
•AKHL3
D
VeAhf +=
]-3
FFD
DDFD
OO
P1FP1RP1R
VVeAVe
VeAAAVeAhfAVeAhf
===↔
+=−↔+=−↔+=
#)a
Bài 1 23AKMD+;$HF%*;š=)LD*-%&K<
0*;]
F
%5:;<0Z.5);=0
"KK)MD+;$H
O
GH
F
@H%*;+LK<0*i]
F
"KXM
D+;$H%*;X7!LK<0*;3#)$3R]
F

Giải: #K0*;]
D
‚/!G
h
eU
mv
=
O
O
D/
+H
F
Ga@
O
O
F
mv
Ga@]
F
F!]&aG
F
O
F
R
O
R eV
mv
=
O!
H

F
@H!Ga@
O
O
OF
mv
Ga@]
O
Ga@i]
F
R!HGa@
O
O
mv
Ga@]S!
€?-R!‚F!3HGN]
F
GˆN]
F
Ga@]Gˆ]GN]
F
‚aGR]
F"
Do đó V = 3V
1
Bài 1 33C55)^\) $K)"y(w50)/1SO"y7
K%5)+45F///„WO"`45675)?)
O1VPaL)<05)O/]"?05)
a"SR1N– d"FS1OP– A"FO1P– y"OV1P–
Giải:A=?K%6(\5)3TGF///"/1SGS//„"

A=?X>3T“GsqGPi„
?05)G
P
P”
G
S//
Pi
G0,1425 = 14,25% Chọn đáp án B
Bài 1 43AKX\5?+==aGO1F]9, +
&+•G/1SVP‘"J459™)=+%$;<
&%5=+*4\~%k4\d"d%v,%1~1d%=+%&
k=5"AdGP"F/
QS
b"#_=%tK)>-_5†%\L45
4~+E2-•
a"O/F1S]W"d"V/PSS1O]W"A"S/"OV]W"y"S/O1V]W"
e*3
]$;<0U
%G
!
O
A
hc
m

λ
G
!F/"N1F"F1O
F/"SVP1/
F/"R"F/"NOP1N


F/"F1c
O
Fc
N
VRS
RF





G/1S/R"F/
N
W
#\%tK)>-_5†\L<€D2.%&<6>X3
d%G~GQˆ~Gd%GP"F/
QS
"/1S/R"F/
N
GO/F1S]W"Aa
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bFV
5.Trắc nghiệm:
Câu 1 "j%%+&+;
D
λ
G/1iNV
m
µ
%

λ
G/1PVc
m
µ
"J:)
,M0X
a"
D
ε
GO1PVV"F/
QFc
š 
V
ε
GR1RiS"F/
QFc
š• d"
D
ε
GF1cVN"F/
QFc
š
V
ε
GO1RFV"F/
QFc
š
A"
D
ε

GO1//F›"F/
QFc
š
V
ε
GO1cFV"F/
QFc
š y"5)$
Câu 23AGN1NOP"F/
QRS
I1GR"F/
V
W"b(:0)==+&+P//•
a"S"F/
QFN
I d"R1c"F/
QFi
I A"O1P]•y"OS1V]
Câu 33C5}), +&+/1RciP
m
µ
%&=?)DF/œ"f$)
})52-
a"R"F/
Fc
d"O"F/
Fc
• A"P"F/
Fc
y"S"F/

Fc

Câu 4:C5+&/1Rµ"dKGN1NOP"F/
QRS
IUGR"F/
V
W"A=0X
+"
A.N1NOP"F/
QFc
I• B.N1NOP"F/
QOP
I C.N1NOP"F/
QSc
I D.P1cNOP"F/
QRO
I
Câu 5 :e&0ANN//a
/
"A.$TGN1NOP"F/
QRS
I1%$02
=GR"F/
V
W"A=0AX•
A. F1VV]• B.F1PO] C.O1FS] D.R1iS]
Câu 6 :A==5aGF1VV]"e&0+3
 A./1NN"F/
QFc
µ

 B./1RR
µ
 C./1OO
µ
 D./1NN
µ
•
Câu 7 :dK=;K_M=KaGS1FS]"e&0K3
A. λ
/
G/1Rµ• B. λ
/
G/1Sµ C. λ
/
G/1Pµ D. λ
/
G/1Nµ
Câu 8 :A==05O1RN]"AGN1NOP"F/
QRS
IUGR"F/
V
WUF]GF1N"F/
QFc
I"e&
0X3
A./1PRµ• B.V1SO"F/
‚ON
 C.O1cRµ D.F1OSµ
Câu 9 :b1K=0=0aGO]" AG
N1NOP"F/

QRS
I1GR"F/
V
W"d&+&0+E2-•
A./1NOFµ• B./1POPµ C./1NiPµ D./1PVPµ
Câu 10 :e&0/1P
m
µ
"A=0g&,0F1S;"e&
0g3
A./1i
m
µ
 B./1RN
m
µ
• C./1c
m
µ
 D./1RN"F/
QN
m
µ

Câu 11:A605K+=aGR1P]"AG
RS
N1NOP"F/

IUG
RF

c1F"F/

UG
Fc
F1N"F/

A"b(&0696"
A.
RPP m
µ
B.
RP1P m
µ
C.
R1PP m
µ
D.
/1RPP m
µ

Câu 12 :C5MDk+&+λG/1O"F/
QN
"b(B:)==!0MD+"
A.εGcc1RiP"F/
QO/
I•B.εGcc1RiP"F/
QFc
I C.εGc1cRiP"F/
QO/
ID.εGc1cRiP"F/

QFc
I
Câu 13 :J:0)==O1V"F/
QFc
I"A.$TGN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"U%$02
=GR"F/
V
W"d&+0-3
A./1SP
µ
 B./1PV
µ
 C./1NN
µ
 D./1iF
µ
•
Câu 14 :C5$0K+=aGR1P]"AK%=MD+&
+2-L2-"AGN1NOP"F/
QRS
IUGR"F/
V
W
A.
λ
GR1RP
m
µ

 B.
λ
G/1RPP"F/
Qi
• C.
λ
GRP1P
m
µ
 D.
λ
G/1RPP
m
µ
Câu 15 :`$0K+=aGR1SP]"`K%SMDk+λ
F
G
/1OP˜1λ
O
G/1S˜1λ
R
G/1PN˜1λ
S
G/1O˜LMDD*-
A.λ
R1
λ
O
B.λ
F1

λ
S
• C.λ
F1
λ
O1
λ
S
D.*SMDX
Câu 16 :d&+6?_M=O%;R%S1P"A=,
Ma
F
%a
O
g3
A.a
O
GOa
F
" B.a
F
GF1Pa
O
• C.a
O
GF1Pa
F
" D.a
F
GOa

O
Câu 17.e&0•
/
"AK%=0K;MD+&+

F
G
O
/
λ
%•
O
G
R
/
λ
"es
F
%s
O
)x,M_X67L
A.s
F
GF1Ps
O
" B.s
O
GF1Ps
F
" C.s

F
G/1Ps
O
"• D.s
F
GOs
O
"
Câu 18.A=05a
/
1&

λ
/
"`K%\+9
MD+&+
λ
G
/
R
λ
L5:;<0.3
A.Oa
/
"• B.a
/
" C.Ra
/
" D.a
/

WR
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bFc
Câu 19.dK&+0((.5B&
O
/
λ
λ
=
%=B
$
/
A
L5:;<0B)*.3
a"
/
A
• d"
/
O
F
A
 A"
/
S
F
A
 y"
/
R
F

A
Câu 20.AK;OMD+&+
mm
µλµλ
P1/UOP1/
OF
==
%$05KL%
$;<0
F
v
%
FO
O
F
vv
=
"d&+&3
a"
m
µ
iP1/
• d"
m
µ
N1/
 A"
m
µ
RiP1/

 y"
m
µ
iO1/
Câu 21:j+;$H
F
K&KLKx+5&s
F
"JKK&
K+;$H
O
L6Kx+5&
A.
( )
O F
F
 H QH
s Q

"B.
( )
F O
F
@
 H H
s

+
"C.
( )

F O
F
@ H H
s Q

" D.
( )
O F
F
 H QH
s

+
"•
Câu 22: A=Mkhông69_(&λ
/
069$K
•s

5&Kx1H%λ;$%&+((!
A.λ
/
G

a
" B.λ
/
G
O
/D

F
%
F
Q
• O

C.λ
/
G

F
s
Q

f
c

D. λ
/
G

F
sF
Q
H O
Câu 23:`K5MDk
/1PSN m
λ µ
=
X\56905K

167x7+45qGO"F/
QR
a"A=?MDkF1PFP„"?B.3
A.
O
/1P"F/

B.
O
/1R"F/

C.
R
/1R"F/

D.
R
/1P"F/

Câu 24:AKX>59B+&+
λ
GFSi%5*;.^=)%\"f
54?EK<0*;.S]"e&0^E•G
N1N"F/
QRS
I"UGR"F/
V
WU!
A. RF/ B. RP/ C. OS/ D. OV/
Câu 25: AKMD+&+•G/1PRR‘X?+=aGR"F/

QFc
I"XM
-%k4\&%=+%&4*Mkd0k4"dK+-_
5Y7(&?zGOO1iP"#5&*Mkd0k4
A. F/
QS
b" B. S"F/
QP
b" C. F/
QP
b" D. O"F/
QS
b"
Câu 26:`K5MDk
/1PSN m
λ µ
=
X\56905K
167x7+45qGO"F/
QR
a"A=?MDkF1PFP„"?B.3
A.
O
/1P"F/

B.
O
/1R"F/

C.

R
/1R"F/

D.
R
/1P"F/

Câu 273#_*kb#?XCb:4695ƒ)uD+&
+/1PO
mm
1K%\)(Cb:"b4v6'DF/
Qi
!

%=?09ƒF/////
C„"f$)==M'D
A"O1NO"F/
OO
"B"O1NO"F/
FP
"C"O1NO"F/
Oc
"D"P1O"F/
O/
"
6.Bài tập trắc nghiệm rèn luyện
Bài 1: AKMD+&+
λ
G/1FV
µ

%$05K"`€69$+&

/
λ
G/1R
µ
"b*423
Câu 13A=0KX•
a3S1FS]Ud3NN1OP]UA3N1NOP]Uy3SF1S]"
Câu 2:"hEKs

_67X"
a3P1PO]Ud3N1FP]UA3O1iN]Uy3O1OP]"
Câu 3:#5:;<0X•
a3OP1P]U d3O1iN]UA3O1OP]Uy3S1P]"
Bài 23`69$05K+=aGO1O]"AK%$5MDk
+&+
λ
"Ks

G/1S]"]2$;<0X•
a3R1iP"F/
P
WU d3R1P"F/
P
WU A3R1iP"F/
S
WUy3R1P"F/
S
W"

Bài 33AKMD+&+
λ
G/1PPO
µ
%$05KL67*7
q

GOa1=?^K%$)GF1Oœ"b(?B0"
a3/1NP/–U d3/1RiP/–U A3/1PP/–Uy3/1SOP/–"
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bO/
Bài 43AKMD+&+
λ
G/1S
µ
%$05K"A=00
$aGO]"b*423
Câu 13#_X67)*u$%$5Ks
a`
+E2-"
a3s
a`


QF1F]U d3s
a`


F1F]U A3s
a`
GQF1F]Uy3s

a`
GF1F]"
Câu 23#ua$%$5Ks
a`
GP]"#5:<0&$+E
2-3
a3V1F]Ud3N1F]U A3S1F]Uy3N1N]"
Bài 5: C5}JK+=?)D)GF//œ"d&+06})/1PVc
µ
$)=
=6}$)R/2-X•
a3c"F/
OF
U d3c"F/
FV
U A3FO"F/
OO
Uy3N"F/
OS
"
Bài 6:A
RS V
 N1NOP"F/ I1GR"F/  W 

=
"#50)==+;$
FS
% N"F/ ƒ
=
3

a3O1P"F/
QOV
"Wd3F1P"F/
QOV
"WUA3FR1OP"F/
QOV
"WUy3/1OP"F/
QOV
"W
Bài 7 :`5K/1V]X<0KL=+5K
$0K+"]$;<0 $3
a3P1R"F/
N

Wd3/1R"F/
N

WUA3/1NP"F/
N

WUy3/1PR"F/
N

W
Bài 8 :`K5MDk, &+•G/1SF‘%$05KL + 
   D*- " #_  X 67   4   5   K/1iN]"A
RS V QFc
 N1NOP"F/ I1GR"F/  W 1 F]GF1N"F/ I

=

"A=0$%&69$g3
a3RN1RO"F/
QO/
IUd3R1RFOP"F/
QO/
IUA3/1RFOP"F/
QO/
IUy3RR1OP"F/
QO/
IU
Bài 9:e&069$0K/1P‘"A
RS V QFc
 N1NOP"F/ I1GR"F/  W 1 FGF1N"F/ A

=
"`K, &+•G/1RN‘%$0K
+LKx_=+5K$g3
a3s

Gc1i]Ud3s

G/1ci]UA3s

GF1ci]Uy3s

G/1Pi]
Bài 10:` K 5 9 ,   % 5  +   D*- " JK 695
 K x .R1/ ] L =& $ " AK ; $ &  0 +
FS QF QRS QFc
N"F/  1GN1NOP"F/ I1 GF1N"F/ A

"b;$09&g3
a3F1P"F/
FS



U
d3F1OP"F/
FS



UA3
FR1OP"F/
FS



Uy3
OP"F/
FS



U
Bài 11.AK59MD+,+λGFV//a
/
%5?"A +5:<
.N]"AKGN1NOP"F/
QRS

I"UGR"F/
V
WUGF1N"F/
QFc
A"b*423
Câu 13b(=,M%&x69"
a"OS"F/
QO/
I" d"O/"F/
QO/
I" A"FV"F/
QO/
I" y"FS"F/
QO/
I"
Câu 23`K%?+MD+&+λGP///a
/
 L+D*-
=•JK+x-(5:<0 "
A. 25,6.10
-20
J. B. 51,2.10
-20
J. C. 76,8.10
-20
J. D. 85,6.10
-20
J
Bài 123A$05K+=.S]14KKK
, +&+λGON//a

/
"AKGN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"UGR"F/
V
WU

Gc1F"F/
QRF
UGF1N"F/
QFc
A"
b*423
Câu 13bL&069$"
a"RROOa
/
" d"S/OVa
/
" A"ScNca
/
" y"POFSa
/
" ~"NOORa
/
"
Câu 23bL%$;<0"
a"N1NO"F/
P
W"d"P1OR"F/
P

W"A"S1RO"F/
P
W"y"S1/P"F/
P
W"
Câu 33AK?*\EZ%\$%4567*q

G/1Na1
($$'2-"
a"R///"F/
FO
W" d"RFFO"F/
FO
W"
A"RO/N"F/
FO
W" y"RiP/"F/
FO
W" ~"RV/S"F/
FO
W"
Bài 133A$05K+&N///a
/
"AKKK5,
 +λGS///a
/
"AGN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"UGR"F/
V

WU

Gc1F"F/
QRF
UGF1N"F/
QFc
A"b*423
Câu 13b(=a0"
a"F1NV]" d"F1iV]" A"F1Vc]" y"O1/i]"
Câu 23bL%$;<0"
a"P1N"F/
P
W"d"N1/R"F/
P
W" A"N1PS"F/
P
W"y"N1VP"F/
P
W"
Câu 33bLKx_=%\K$"
a"/1cFO]" d"/1cVF]" A"F1/OP]" y"F1/RP]"
Bài 143€;KOMD+;$H
F
G/1iP"F/
FP
ƒ%H
O
G/1P"F/
FP
ƒ%\0*%K

x,Ms
F
GF1/P]%s
O
G/1/R]"b(=0"AK3GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"
Bài 153AK9MD+&+•G/1O‘!%5?1X +5
:<.P]!"`K%?+OMD+&+•
F
GF1N‘!%•
O
G/1F‘!L+
D*-=•JK+1x-(5:<0X "AG
N1NOP"F/
QRS
I"!UGR"F/
V
W!"
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bOF
ĐS 15 3&+•
O
"#5:3„
O
GFF1OF]!"
Bài 163AK59+;$HGi"F/
V
ƒ!;%*=%"e&
0=•
/F

G/1RN‘!10•
/O
G/1PP‘!"A3GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"!UGR"F/
V
W!U

Gc1F"F/
QRF
!"
"b(&+09+"
"LgD*-K9+%*=%*"b(%$;<0
XM*"
ĐS 16 3"•G/1SOVN‘"
"JK•ˆ•
/F
3=D*-%&*="
JK•‡•
/O
3D*-%&*"]
/O
GS1iSF"F/
P
W!"
Bài 17 3€;KMD+;$H
F
GiP"F/
FR
ƒ!%H

O
GRc"F/
FR
ƒ!%\5?%
Kx,Ms
F
GO]!%s
O
G/1P]!"b(.$TQ:"
AK3GR"F/
V
W!UGF1N"F/
QFc
A!ĐS 17:GN1NNN"F/
QRS
I"!"
Bài 18 3€;KMD+;$H
F
G/1iP"F/
FP
ƒ!%H
O
G/1P"F/
FP
ƒ!%\0J%
Kx,Ms
F
GF1/P]!%s
O
G/1/R]!"b(=0J"

AK3GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"!"ĐS 183aGO1/P]!"
Bài 19 3€;KMD+;$H
F
Gc1RiP"F/
FS
ƒ!%H
O
GP1iNc"F/
FS
ƒ!%5?=
0K148$%$;0X.O"b(=
0+"AK3GN1NOP"F/
QRS
I"!"ĐS 19:aGR1/R"F/
QFc
I!"
Bài 20 3AK;MD+&+
F
/1RP m
λ µ
=
%
O
/1PS m
λ µ
=
%5?1?-8$%
$;<.O"A=00+3

A.O1F]" B.F1R]" C.F1N]" D.F1c]"
Bài 21 3"€;K%$05KMDk^MD+&+•
F
G/1ON
‘%MD+&+•
O
GF1O•
F
L%$;<0X=Mk$;
%
F
%%
O
%&%
O
G
R
S
%
F
"e&•/0$-
A./1SO‘" B./1SP‘" C.F1//‘" D./1c/‘"
Bài 22 3 d\+(0$0K=?K0+&+λ
G/1S/"F/
QN
TGR„"A4567*qGN1SR"F/
QN
a"hE?"
A. "/1NNP–B. NN1P–C. /1/NNP– D. N1NP–
Bài 23 3A$0K+=XR1P]"AK%$9+&+

λ
L67Xs
a`

QO1P]"d&+0((3
A.
λ
G/1RNP
µ
 B.
λ
G/1O/i
µ
C.
λ
G/1NiP
µ
 D.
λ
G/1PiN
µ

Bài 24 3C5}€6+=?)F„), +&+/1iµ"AGN1NOP"F/
QRS
I1
GR"F/
V
W"f$)==0+)F2-3
A. R1PO"F/
FN

" B. R1PO"F/
Fc
"C. R1PO"F/
FV
" D. R1PO"F/
O/
"
II. QUANG PHỔ VẠCH CỦA NGUYÊN TỬ HYĐRÔ
1. Tóm tắt lý thuyết và công thức: Tiên đề Bo :
nm n m
nm
hc
hf E Ee
l
= = = -
@d(•6kM0-XB=3 r

G
O

/

]&
/
GP1R"F/
QFF
(dn•`!
@`-XBnM:-_D$M:?)L))1
-_kM:?)-_XM:-XBg?))


hfEE
thâpcao
=−
Lưu ý:d&+6?λ
JC
-_kJ→C"
d&+ ?λ

C
-_k∞→C"
@d&+)-XB-_M:3
n m
E E
ε
= −

nm n m
nm
hc
hf E E
l
= = -


F
n m
nm
E E
hc
λ


=
Gˆ
/
O O
F F
 !
nm
n m
hc hc
E E
E
n m
λ
= =


e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bOO
@b;$0)==MD"
n m
nm
nm
E E
c
f
h
λ

= =
]&~


ˆ~

"
@C$Xu&+%;$0%)w0-Xk=3

OFRORF
FFF
λλλ
+=
%
OFRORF
fff +=
5%v,!
@A=M<3
O O
F F F
H
R
m n
λ
 
= −
 ÷
 

@.$z-63
i i
/
FR1N"

F1/cNcFS/"F/ F1/ci"F/
" "
H
E
e
R m m
h c h c
= = = =
-(‹DLz

z∞!
 Các dãy Quang phổ của nguyên tử hidrô
QDãy Laiman:ˆF!%\Y`GF!L)%56x-€3

GFU

GO1R1So






−=
OO
/
F
F
F
FF

n
hc
E
n
λ
%&
O

n
A%5%9B
QDãy Banme3`-_kYˆO!%\Y€GO!L)%56x-
d"

GOU

GR1S1Po3






−=
OO
/
O
F
O
FF
n

hc
E
n
λ
%&
R

n
e^S%3
!NPN1/ mH
µ
α
1
!SVN1/ mH
µ
β
1

!SRS1/ mH
µ
γ
1(
!SF/1/ mH
µ
δ
%5);n%9B
QDãy Pasen :-_kYXˆR!%\YCGR!3GRU

GS1P1No3







−=
OO
/
R
F
R
FF
n
hc
E
n
λ
%&
S

n
A%5%9^
 Năng lượng của êlectron trong nguyên tử Hiđrô có biểu thức:
@J:-XB=3
/
O O
FR1N
 !
n
E

E eV
n n
= = −
]&∈J

3B$"
~
/
GQFR1N]3:n,*AZ’~
/
‡/!
QGFM%&•`:?)?!
QGOM%&•€"""

FU O1 R1 S1 """m n
= =
6x-€B!U

OU R1 S1 P"""m n
= =
6x-d5);L
?-!

RU S1 P1N1"""m n
= =
6x-T^!"
 Các bức xạ của dãy Banmer( nhìn thấy):
@]
H
α

3
ROML
α
λ λ λ
= =
3
R O
RO
hc
E E
λ
= −
@]
H
β
3
SONL
β
λ λ λ
= =
3
S O
SO
hc
E E
λ
= −
@]
H
γ

3
POOL
γ
λ λ λ
= =
3
P O
PO
hc
E E
λ
= −
@](
H
θ
3
NOPL
θ
λ λ λ
= =
3
N O
NO
hc
E E
λ
= −
 Các vạch có bước sóng dài nhất của các dãy:
@yx-€3
OF

λ
3
O F
OF
hc
E E
λ
= −
U
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bOR
Laiman
K
M
N
O
L
P
Banme
Pasen
H
α
H
β
H
γ
H
δ
n=1
n=2
n=3

n=4
n=5
n=6
@yx-d3
RO
λ
3
R O
RO
hc
E E
λ
= −
U
@yx-T3
SR
λ
3
S R
SR
hc
E E
λ
= −
 Chú ý: Khi nguyên tử ở trạng thái kích thích thứ n có thể (khả dĩ) phát ra số bức xạ điện từ cho bởi:

( )
ŒOŒO
Œ
O


==
n
n
CN
n
; trong đó
O
n
C
là tổ hợp chập 2 của n.
2. Bài tập về các dãy quang phổ hidrô:
Ví dụ 1 về các bước sóng dãy Lymain (tử ngoại):
`-XBn5M:€1C1J1ro*-%\M:
`1L-XB)%MD06x-€-5%9B1>_3
@];X+&+&?M%&M:GFQˆGO

O F
OF
"h c
E E
λ
= −
G
O O
FR1N ! FR1N ! R"FR1N
 !  !
O F S
eV eV
eV

− − − =
Gˆ
OF
" "S
R"FR1N"
h c
e
λ
=
GF1OFP"F/
Qi
G/1FOFPµ
Hoặc dùng công thức:
O O
F F F
H
R
m n
λ
 
= −
 ÷
 
GˆbK$
i
OF
O O
F
F1OFP"F/ /1FOFP
F F

 !
F O
H
m m
R
λ µ

= = =

@]MOMM:GFQˆGR1
i
RF
O O
F
F1/OPFiP"F/ /1F/OP
F F
 !
F R
H
m m
R
λ µ

= = =

@]MRMM:GFQQˆGS1
V
SF
O O
F

c1iO/FV"F/ /1/ciO
F F
 !
F S
H
m m
R
λ µ

= = =

@]MSMM:GFQˆGP1
V
PF
O O
F
c1ScORNP"F/ /1/cSc
F F
 !
F P
H
m m
R
λ µ

= = =

@]MPMM:GFQˆGN1
V
NF

O O
F
c1RiR/R"F/ /1/cRiR
F F
 !
F N
H
m m
R
λ µ

= = =

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
@]$9+&+?M%&M:GFQˆG∞3

V
F
O O
F F
c1FFONi /1/cFF
F F
 !
F
H
H
m m
R
R
λ µ


µ
= = = =

µ
Ví dụ 2 về các bước sóng dãy Banme ( có 4 vạch nhìn thấy: đỏ, lam1chàm1tím!
`-XBn5M:C1J1r1To*-%\M:
€M%&4)-XBkM,n%\MO!1L-XB)%M
D56x-d1$%;n%9L?-đỏ, lam1chàm1tím!%5);5%9B
0+k1>_3
a.Dùng công thức :
/
O O
FR1N
 !
n
E
E eV
n n
= = −
%&GO1R1S""""""
AMD56x-M%&4)-XBkM,n%\MO
@]MF+&+&?màu đỏ)M%&M:GRQQˆGO1aD3

R O
RO
hc
E E
λ
= −

Gˆ
RO
λ
G
/1NPN m
α
λ µ
=
màu đỏ )
@]MO+màu lamMM:GSQˆGO1+&+DE3

S O
SO
hc
E E
λ
= −
Gˆ
SO
λ
G
/1SVN m
β
λ µ
=
màu lam!
@]MR+màu chàmMM:GPQˆGO1+&+DE3
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bOS

P O

PO
hc
E E
λ
= −
Gˆ
PO
λ
G
/1SRS m
γ
λ µ
=
màu chàm!
@]MS+màu tímMM:GNQQˆGO1+&+DE3

N O
NO
hc
E E
λ
= −
Gˆ
NO
λ
G
/1SF/ m
δ
λ µ
=

màu tím!
b.Hoặc dùng công thức3
O O
F F F
O
H
R
n
λ
 
= −
 ÷
 
Gˆ
O O
F
F F
 !
O
H
R
n
λ
=

6x-dM%&GO!"
@]MF+&+&?màu đỏM%&M:GRQQˆGO1DE3

O O
RO

F F F
O R
H
R
λ
 
= −
 ÷
 
Gˆ
i
RO
O O
F
N1PNFF"F/ /1NPN
F F
 !
O R
H
m m
R
λ µ

= = =

G
α
λ
(màu đỏ)
@]MO+màu lamMM:GSQˆGO1+&+DE3


O O
SO
F F F
O S
H
R
λ
 
= −
 ÷
 
Gˆ
i
SO
O O
F
S1VN//cRN"F/ /1SVN
F F
 !
O S
H
m m
R
λ µ

= = =

G
β

λ
màu lam!
@]MR+màu chàmMM:GPQˆGO1+&+DE3


O O
PO
F F F
O P
H
R
λ
 
= −
 ÷
 
Gˆ
i
PO
O O
F
S1RRcRN"F/ /1SRS
F F
 !
O P
H
m m
R
λ µ


= = =

G
γ
λ
màuchàm!
@]MS+màu tímMM:GNQQˆGO1+&+DE3

O O
NO
F F F
O N
H
R
λ
 
= −
 ÷
 
Gˆ
i
NO
O O
F
S1F//i"F/ /1SF/
F F
 !
O N
H
m m

R
λ µ

= = =

G
δ
λ
màu tím!
@A7M%&M:,u1%(6>k≥iQQˆGOL&+.%9B
"]&+ ?06x-M%&-XB6E-_k%=9G∞!%\MO3

O O
O
F F F
O
H
R
λ

 
= −
 ÷

 
Gˆ
i
O
O O
F

R1NSP/NV"F/ /1RNSP
F F
 !
O
H
m m
R
λ µ


= = =


≈/1RNPµ
-
O
O
hc
E E
λ


= −
Gˆ
O
/1RNP m
λ µ

=
]-1AMD6x-d+5);.%9B%5);.%9

L?-"T;L?--+S%3
#3αλαG/1NPNµ!U3βλβG/1SVNµ!U3γλγG/1SRSµ!U(3δλδG/1SF/µ!
Ví dụ 3 về các bước sóng dãy Paschen ( Hồng ngoại)
AMD6x-T5%9^+k"
bxK3t-XBdL3
/
O O
FR1N
 !
n
E
E eV
n n
= = −
%&GF1O1R1S""""""
MD56x-TM%&4)-XBkM,n%\MR
@];X+&+&?M%&M:GSQQˆGR
aD3
S R SR
SR
F1ViSN
hc
E E m
λ µ
λ
= − => =
"
@]$9+&+ ?M%&M:G∞QQˆGR
aD3
R R

R
/1iR
hc
E E m
λ µ
λ
∞ ∞

= − => =
"
]-&+56x-T.*/1iRµ‡λ‡F1ViSNµX+5%9^
3.Các dạng bài tập:
e]3Đòan Văn Lượng Email: ; bOP

×