Nghiên cứu đặc điểm sinh học và công nghệ nhân giống, nuôi trồng nấm sò vua (pleurotus eryngii) và nấm vân chi (trametes versicolor) ở việt nam

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO BỘ NÔNG NGHIỆP VÀ PTNT
VIỆN KHOA HỌC NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAM





NGUYỄN THỊ BÍCH THÙY




NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM SINH HỌC VÀ CÔNG
NGHỆ NHÂN GIỐNG, NUÔI TRỒNG NẤM SÒ VUA
(PLEUROTUS ERYNGII) VÀ NẤM VÂN CHI
(TRAMETES VERSICOLOR) Ở VIỆT NAM





LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ NÔNG NGHIỆP

Hà Nội -2014



BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO BỘ NÔNG NGHIỆP VÀ PTNT
VIỆN KHOA HỌC NÔNG NGHIỆP VIỆT NAM



NGUYỄN THỊ BÍCH THÙY



NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM SINH HỌC VÀ CÔNG
NGHỆ NHÂN GIỐNG, NUÔI TRỒNG NẤM SÒ VUA
(PLEUROTUS ERYNGII) VÀ NẤM VÂN CHI
(TRAMETES VERSICOLOR) Ở VIỆT NAM

Chuyên ngành : Khoa học cây trồng
Mã số : 62.62.01.10


LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ NÔNG NGHIỆP


Ngƣời hƣớng dẫn khoa học:
1. GS.TSKH. Trịnh Tam Kiệt
2. PGS.TS. Nguyễn Trung Thành

Hà Nội - 2014


i
LỜI CAM ĐOAN






5 4


TÁC GIẢ



Nguyễn Thị Bích Thùy

Nguyễn Thị Bích Thùy

ii
LỜI CẢM ƠN






   




 cùng 

              


 


 xuyên 
G, 
./.
4
Tác giả



Nguyễn Thị Bích Thùy


iii
MỤC LỤC

 i
L ii
M iii
Danh  vi
D  vii
Danh  ix
 1
  5
1.1 5
 5

 20
 26
1.2 26
1.2.2. Chu trình  28
 29
1.3. Vân chi 30
 31
 31
 33
1.4 35
  35
 36
:  41
 41
 41
 42
 43


iv
 44
  44
  44
2.2.3. Ng . 44
2.2.4. S  44
 45
 . 45

 46
2.3

chi  47

 51
 52
 55
 56
 57
:  58
3.1. N 58
3.1.1. 
 58
3.1.2.  
 64
3.1.3.  69
3.1.4. 
 71
3.1.5. 
 74
 78


v

Vân chi 80
3.2.1.  80
Vân chi 85
 86
3.3.1.  . 87

 106


 111
 114
3.4 
  114

 118
             
 120
3.4.4.  ò
 125

 127

 129
 133
4.1.  133
 134





vi
DANH MỤC CHỮ VIẾT TẮT

CNM

CT


CTAB
Cetylmethyl Ammonium Bromide


dNTPs
Deoxyribonucleotide Triphotphates
EDTA
Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid
g
Gram
KLC

PCR
n gen)
PGA
Potato glucose agar
ppm
Parts per million
PSK
polysaccharide krestin
PSP
polysaccharide peptide
RAPD
Random Amplified Polymorphism DNA
SK

T

Taq Polymerase
Thermus Aquation Polymerase

TB
Trung bình
TE
Tris EDTA
THT

TXH

UV
Ultra violet ray
V/V/M



vii
DANH MỤC BẢNG
  Trang
2.1.  41
2.2.  42
3.1. 
  59
3.2. 
 65
3.3.   66
3.4. 
 72
3.5. 
 75
3.6. 
 76

3.7. 
 82
3.8.  83
3.9. 
 88
3.10. 
 91
3.11. 
 94
3.12. 
  98


viii
3.13. 
 100
3.14. 
 103
3.15. 
 107
3.16. 
 109
3.17. 
 112
3.18. nh h vua .115
3.19.            
 117
3.20. 
Sò vua 119
3.21. 

Vân chi 120
3.22. 
 121
3.23. 
 124
3.24. 
 126
3.25. 
 128
3.26. 
 129


ix
DANH MỤC HÌNH

 Tên hình Trang

1.1.  29
1.2.  30
3.1. 
 60
3.2. 
1

0
C 61
3.3. 
3


0
C 61
3.4. 
4

0
C 61
3.5. 
6
18 ± 1
0
C 61
3.6. 
1

0
C 61
3.7. 
2

0
C 61
3.8. 
5

0
C 61
3.9. 
6
22 ± 1

0
C 61
3.10. 
1

0
C 62
3.11. 
6

0
C 62
3.12. 
2
0 ± 1
0
C 62
3.13. 
6

0
C 62
3.14. 
6

0
C sau khi kín 15 ngày 62
3.15. 
6


0

0
C 62
3.16. 
6
sau kh
0
i 18 ± 1
0
C 62
3.17. -
1
62
3.18.   vua 66
3.19. 
1
68
3.20. 
2
68


x
3.21. 
3
68
3.22. 
4
68

3.23. 
5
68
3.24. 
6
68
3.25. 
vua 69
3.26. 
1

 70
3.27. 
2

 70
3.28. 
3

 70
3.29.  
4

 70
3.30. 
6
trên 
n. 70
3.31. 
6


 70
3.32. 
khác nhau 73
3.33.  Tra-1
0
C 74
3.34. Tra-1 1
0
C 74
3.35. HTra-2 1
0
C 74
3.36.  77
3.37.  77
3.38. - 79
3.39. - 79


xi
3.40. - 79
3.41. 
lux - bên trái n 79
3.42. - 79
3.43. - 79
3.44. - 79
3.45. -2)  79
3.46. -
 81
3.47. - 81

3.48. - 
arker 1Kb) 81
3.49. - 
 81
3.50.  84
3.51. -
 85
3.52. -
 85
3.53. -
 85
3.54. -
 85
3.55.  96
3.56.  96
3.57.  101


xii
3.58. 
 101
3.59.  Vân
  104
3.60. n nuôi khác nhau 105
3.61. m ác nhau 105
3.62.  110
3.63.  111
3.64. 
1
 123

3.65. - 123

29,30,60,61,62,66,68,69,70,73,74,77,79,81,84,85,96,101,104,105,110,111,123

1-28,31-59,63-65,67,71,72,75,76,78,80,82,83,86-95,97-100,102,103,106-109,112-
122,124-


1
MỞ ĐẦU

1. Tính cấp thiết của đề tài
-   và
g tham gia vào   
T nông nglâm
lõi ngô, thân ngô Vng

  - lâm nghi góp

Ngày nay, 
c
 các
- 

 
(Pleurotus eryngii (DC.) Quél) gon, 
 

cao,
, 



 (Trametes versicolor (L.) Pilat) 

 T
             
chính: PSP (polysaccharide peptide) và PSK (polysaccharide krestin). PSP và


2

 
  

     
(P.M.Kidd, 2000). 
              
.

 , an toàn và 

             
   
, 
-  

dùng quan tâm.
-  

)

cao, i trung
10 - 25 ngày 
trong vòng 2 tháng

xu

3 - 5 

p.


3
           
    
. 
 
 
nêu trên,    - 
nói c    - 
  Nghiên cứu đặc điểm sinh học và công nghệ
nhân giống, nuôi trồng nấm Sò vua (Pleurotus eryngii) và nấm Vân chi
(Trametes versicolor) ở Việt Nam”.
2. Mục tiêu của đề tài


 


3. Ý nghĩa khoa học và thực tiễn
3.1. Ý nghĩa khoa học


(P. eryngii) 
Vân chi (T. versicolor)






4
3.2. Ý nghĩa thực tiễn

vua (P. eryngii) T.versicolor
             




3.3. Tính mới của luận án

 
   





gian 

5
CHƢƠNG 1
TỔNG QUAN TÀI LIỆU

1.1. Tình hình nghiên cứu, sản xuất nấm trên thế giới và Việt Nam
1.1.1. Tình hình nghiên cứu và sản xuất nấm trên thế giới
1.1 

n nay,         sinh  
             

 
  
loài câ

             
- 
      


       
             
        
   




  


6
         Kawai và  ,1995;
Jonathan , 2009; Liu , 2010).



-
 
.
  

S.

(  V pH = 5 và pH = 6 là
2,99g/lít và 4,28g/lít.  pH = 8 thu  lít, môi
 pH = 
o
C, SK  
4,32g/lít;  
o
C,            
1,72g/lít (Sukumar và .
   
chi, các              
ng 1% fructose
cho SK 4

mannitol SK  3 lactose cho SK 
1,47g/lít (Sukumar và .
Khi  
            
n
8,6 g/1000m 
ngày               


7
,    pH  môi
nuôi  2,92;   
lên 4,39 (Bolla , 2010).
Adebayo          

MgSO
4
.7H
2
O (0,2g); K
2
HPO
4
(1,0g); NH
4
SO
4
(5,0g); glucose (9,75g); CNM
             
 ar  lactose, glucose, sucrose, mannitol, maltose, galactose,

fr
           
maltose SK các ngr 
r rbon cùng


               rbon:
sucrose, galactose, fructose, sorbitol và ,  
 
    r         


           Vân chi,
Sukumar và C           
ammonium sulfate cho SK    
      
3,48 g/lít.

á trình nuôi


8
              

               
(Adebayovà Ugwu, 2011).
            

          


s             
c pH
(Bolla
.
axit amin 
  axit amin 
axit amin 
Adebayovà Ugwu, 2011).
(T. versicolor)  
 
 , 2005).
Kong         
10
o
C; 15
o
C; 20
o
C; 25
o
C; 30
o
C; 35
o
C, 

o
-15
o


-18
o
C.
Kawai và C (1995) 
qLentinus edodes

.


9
Yan và Cng s (2003) u nuôi cy nm Kim châm trên
ng dch th khác nhau, kt qu cho thy nm Kim châm
nuôi cng gm các thành phn: bt ngô 5%; malt 1%; CNM
0,5%; glucose 2%; KH
2
PO
4
0,1%; MgSO
4
0,05%; CaCO
3
0,2%; vitamin B
1
1mg cùng vi u kin nhi 25
o
C, ch  lc 180 vòng/phút, thi gian
nuôi 6 - 7 ngày, kt qu c dch ging nm trong, màu vàng nht, mùi
gi u.
Jonathan và Cng s (2009) công b mt s kt qu nghiên cu ca
h v nuôi nm ng dch th  thu SK si, nhóm tác gi 

mt s kt lun v u kin thích hp cho nm Mng tt trong
 ng l  n cacbon là 1,6% glucose; ngu   
ng có giá tr pH = 6,5; nhi nuôi là 25ºC.
Liu và Cng s (2010) nghiên cng dch th thích hp 
nuôi ging nm Kim châm LP03,  t lung dch th
nuôi cy tt nht gm: pepton; glucose; bt ngô; MgSO
4
.7H
2
O; KH
2
PO
4
;
vitamin B
1
, u kin nhi 25±3ºC và ch  lc 160 vòng/phút phù
hp cho s phát trin si nm, c ging nm phát trin tc
KLC u.
Marquez-Rocha và C (1999)  
 trong biorea 
và c


 
.


10



bao     (Xu và Yun, 2003). Theo Lin (2006) thì
 và  loài và 
 .
a st - 7, Shin và
(2007)   pH   Kim châm là 6,5; còn
Hamedi giá  
   SK  Agricus blazei 
 = 7. Kozhemyakina  
 trong  giá   (3,0  7,5), tuy nhiên 
   pH  5,0 -6,5.
 và C 

670 mg.
T      70 mg/lít, thì th     
 mm.
Theo Lee và C(2004) 

100 vòng/phút, KLC có lông tua u ki 
  
lông tua; n           y 166
vòng/phút, KLC có tua dài.






11
khi 

 thì 
tán (Gibbs và .

 
  
              
 ít 
 và Lounghlin, 2000).
         











              
.
 (P.eryngii) bao  
 và  sinh 
  hình thành các  phân nhánh 
   trên . Sau khi 
kích thích    