Đánh giá hiện trạng sử dụng đất đốc tại mô hình NNST thượng uyển- hepa, speri- hương sơn- hà tĩnh

Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


1


-HEPA










 






- HEPA, SPERI 
- HÀ T








 

 MTA
Khoá: 53
Ngành: 


Sinh thái Chính sách 


Khoa: Tài 


- 2012
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


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. 

1.1. 

cho 

Trong thi k hii, nông nghic tit bc, ví
d nhng thành tu cu ng dng trong khoa hc k
thu rng ding phân bón và thuc tr sâu, áp
dng các ging mt cao  thành "bi ca nhng tin
b trong sn xut nông nghip. 
              
71 [18].
Tuy vy, song song vi nhng "tin b t bi l

c các thc trng lo lDân s  thoái
hóa, sa mc hóa, nhiu cng phi i mt vi v c,
tn sui tit din bing sng
 hy hoi nghiêm trng. 
vùng 

hoá/
 dân [10].

 
và 
thoái hóa 

nhiên [3]. 
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


3
 
Chính vì
 ,
canh tác  và 
là 

NTrong dân gian, nông dân
ta 
.

Khu ThSinh thái NVùng cao HEPA, ,
  NNST cho nông dân và thanh

mô
FFS-HEPA NNST,
hình n
nâng cao 
ra 
 

và phát huy PThiên nhiên.
   -         

  
            
. Xu 
Đánh giá hiện trạng sử dụng đất dốc tại Mô
hình Thượng Uyển - HEPA, SPERI - Hương Sơn - Hà Tĩnh”

Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


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1.2.  
1.2.1. Mục đích nghiên cứu
 - HEPA,
SPERI - - .
1.2.2. Yêu cầu của đề tài nghiên cứu
- .
-                
NNST 
hai mô hình: Mô hình NNST 


-  

-  .














Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


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3. , , 


3.1. 
3.1.1. Đối tượng nghiên cứu
-              
 
- 


3.1.2. Địa điểm nghiên cứu
o HEPA  - 
3.1.3. Phạm vi nghiên cứu
            
- .






, 











 các 

























 .
3.1.4. Thời gian tiến hành nghiên cứu
 30/04/2012
3.2. 
- 



, -  .
- Tình hình 




 tài nguyên  HEPA
+ Các           

 trên mô hình
+  (, 
- Phân  , 












.
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


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-  phân tích  
N P K 
-  
3.3. 
3.3.1. Khung phương pháp nghiên cứu






H









khác


công trình

T

Các nguyên 



mô hình
ng canh tác

Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


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3.3.2. Thu thập số liệu, tài liệu thứ cấp liên quan
-  

-  tài
ngu và 
- 
 
3.3.3. Phương pháp điều tra phỏng vấn
-         

trung tâm FFS- HEPA.
-  

3.3.4. Phương pháp điều tra thực địa
- các mô hình 
- K
C

3.3.5. Phân tích điểm mạnh, điểm yếu, cơ hội, thách thức SWOT

         
- 
 
           
 HEPA, cùng 

SWOT:
-  
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


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- theo ý 
.
- 

-   

3.3.6. Phương pháp thí nghiệm chậu mini
-    cây

. Các  
 

- Phân tích các  
, l, k, pH, h   
3.1).

 
 Walkley Black
 Kjeldahl
 
  
 
Sét vào 
pH thang màu pH Aliamovski


Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


9
 
STT Mô hình  
1 
M1:  
M2
M3
M

-    

-    
   


2 
M5
M6
M7

3 
M9
M10
M11
3.3.7. Phương pháp tổng hợp, phân tích và xử lý số liệu
- 
 HEPA
- 
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


10
. 
4.1. - 
4.1.1. Điều kiện tự nhiên
4.1.1.1. Vị trí địa lý
  
105

0

0

0

0

     

Treo

        

4.1.1.2. Địa hình



 



4.1.1.3. Địa chất
      
 


 

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4.1.1.4. Tài nguyên đất
hái nhân
- - 

+ 
vùng. Nhóm này có 3 


 



+ 
toàn vùng                


       
  

h 
4.1.1.5. Khí hậu
    


  
 n
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- 


- 

 
4.1.1.6. Thủy văn
 


vùng còn 
       
vùng xuôi vào mùa 
các mô hình vào mùa khô.
4.1.2. Điều kiện kinh tế - xã hội
       g 30     -
HEPA   
 lâm 
               
khoanh 


 



Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53

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4.2. 
4.2.1. Hiện trạng hệ thống nông nghiệp sinh thái Thượng Uyển

canh tác trên        



 

- 
,
con 
-  


 NNST khuyn khích kt hp thit k trang tri theo li
sinh thái vi kin thc ba và nhi thut.
-       


      này mô hình   
 
9 nguyên 
V
 
nhiên.

Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


14











Hình 4.1. Các b


 NNST



Quan sát,  
trong 
  
thông tin, p
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53

15

               
 quy  ng 

  


       


             
h 3 zone (Hình 4.4)


Zone 1: ,




Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


16
 
xây bê t




 (m)  (m) 
2
)
 14,5 3,9 56.55
 14 2 28
 13,8 2,5
34.5
 13,8 2
27.6

146.65
Nguồn: Số liệu điều tra năm 2012
 

n
 

có m

  , 
à 

.
  
14,8 m
2


              
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53

17
 






 


T       : N     .


 
 Dàn cây su
su 

 

tre  

Zone 2:   và ao cá.
  trên   
. 




  
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


18
             S 
thành ba nhánh: N   
 

ôn viên và chia thành hai nhánh: M
v mô hình Linh














Ru



Ao cá



Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


19
Zone 3: 


 


các khu canh tác trên mô hình.

Hình 4.6: 







(

)










 . 










 




 ,  

,  viên, 





 , khu





 , 



. 














 , 





 , 






 
, , .


ZONE 1
ZONE 2
ZONE 3

Khu
nuôi
gà
 




rau


thang
Hoa màu
Ao cá





Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


20
 4.2 


nghèo
Khu nuôi
gà


Khu






ng

Hoa màu Ao cá 

- 
- 
- 
- 

Màu nâu
20  25

23 - 24
0




Màu nâu
18,4



Vàng nâu
15  16


pha cát


11,2
25  30
0


cát




Pha cát


11  12


Pha cát

Vàng
28  29

Vàng




Sét pha
cát









mây, 

cây 

Cây dây

leo, cây


S

,
xà lách,
rau lang,
hành, 


da bì,
ng




tú, hoa






khoai lang,


khoai



Rêu, cây


keo,


Sóc, chim,



Gà, ngan,

 

  


chim
Giun,


chim

chép, rô
phi,



chim
  )

Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


21

Chú thích



Compost
Ao cá



Hình 4.7: 
thái 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9



mô hình


Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


22
Q NNST   


 

 Các 
 và 
- : 

có

làm cho HST  

 trên sinh
thái 

 (nuôi cá rô phi, cá
   )          
,...



  

huôn viên tr


, gà
, ngan, trâu,...
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


23

 

- kích thích s


- Ngu: 
 
c 
liên
, cây
mng gà  
,... liên
  HST

- : 
   


 
P

 
 phân

 
 canh tác trên coi
  
Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


24
: 



   t            

  
nhà  
 .               
.  
                


-      :        

gà, 
 ,

- :   


:
Ao: 

                o con
giúp 
              


Khóa luận tốt nghiệp Nguyễn Thị Lệ Chi – Lớp MTA K53


25
 

mòn, 
            
             và cây
  
 làm phân
compost 
 n

    sinh



Phân compost: T          

        

-  : ch 
 xói mòn 
, , ,  

, 
, 
- : 








 . 
uân canh, xen canh,
 ,
.