Tiểu luận ngôn ngữ và văn hóa

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HUE UNIVERSITY
INFORMATICS AND OPEN INSTITUTE

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ASSIGNMENT ON
LANGUAGE AND CULTURE
TOPIC:

Differences between Speech and Writing

Lecturer: Nguyễn Văn Tuấn
Student: Nguyễn Văn Tiến
Class: NA 6

TP Vinh, tháng 8 năm 2023

Differences between Speech and Writing


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I. Introduction
Communication, a cornerstone of human interaction, materializes through diverse
forms, most prominently in the realms of speech and writing. While these mediums
share the overarching purpose of transmitting ideas, it is their inherent characteristics
that wield the power to mold the manner in which messages are conveyed and
subsequently received. This comprehensive analysis embarks on an exploration to
unearth the intricate differentiators that set speech and writing apart, unveiling their

contextual nuances, linguistic intricacies, interactive dynamics, and lasting
impressions.

II. Context and Medium
2.1 Contextual Immediacy of Speech
The world of speech is a domain characterized by its contextual immediacy. When
engaged in verbal discourse, individuals find themselves enveloped within a
momentary exchange that draws from the palpable feedback of a live audience.
Speakers are equipped with the unique ability to harness real-time cues to modulate
their tone, rhythm, and content. This dynamic interaction extends to the orchestra of
non-verbal cues—gestures, expressions, and intonation—that seamlessly intertwines
with spoken words, bestowing them with multiple layers of nuanced meaning. The
captivating fusion of these cues produces a rich tapestry that imparts an emotional
depth to communication.
2.2 Written Contextual Framing
Conversely, the realm of writing relies exclusively on textual elements to establish
context. Writers embark on a distinct journey as they endeavor to replicate the
immediacy of speech within the confines of written words. However, the absence of
real-time audience engagement necessitates the meticulous construction of
introductory narratives and descriptive cues that serve as the foundation for the
ensuing discourse. In this arena, the absence of non-verbal cues creates a unique
challenge, compelling writers to harness the full potential of language to convey
emotions and nuances that might have been naturally conveyed through gestures and
expressions. The distinction between the immediacy of speech and the contextual
framing required in writing shapes the nature of human interaction. Speech thrives in
the ephemeral present, enriched by the spontaneity of real-time adjustments and the
symphony of non-verbal cues. In contrast, writing, existing as a lasting artifact,
necessitates deliberate contextual embedding to ensure its timeless accessibility.

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III. Language Complexity and Structure
3.1 Spontaneity and Elegance of Speech
In the realm of speech, a unique sense of spontaneity prevails, often intertwined
with an air of informality. Speakers have the liberty to employ colloquialisms,
contractions, and even fragmented sentences, all of which contribute to maintaining a
natural rhythm. This informal tone weaves an intricate thread that fosters a personal
connection between the speaker and the audience, mimicking the intimacy of an
engaging conversation. Through this harmonious interplay of linguistic elements, the
speaker successfully creates an atmosphere conducive to active participation.
The spontaneity intrinsic to speech is akin to a lively dance, where words sway to the
rhythm of thoughts and emotions. It reflects the raw essence of human expression, where
individuals engage in an unscripted dialogue that captures the ebb and flow of authentic
communication.
3.2 Precision and Formality in Writing
On the other end of the spectrum lies the realm of writing, characterized by its
penchant for formality and structured language. Writers wield a sophisticated arsenal
of language tools to meticulously craft sentences. This entails the deliberate selection
of precise vocabulary and intricate syntax, all contributing to the enhancement of
clarity and conveyance of complexity. The formality ingrained in written expression is
deeply rooted in its potential for permanence—a quality that grants the written word
the capacity to stand the test of time and outlive the transient nature of spoken
communication.
The formality of written language resembles the architecture of a grand edifice, each
word meticulously chosen and placed to erect a structure of meaning. The intricate syntax
and rich vocabulary are akin to the ornate detailing that imparts elegance and
sophistication to the overall composition.

IV. Audience and Interaction

4.1 Dynamic Exchange of Speech
The heart of speech lies in its dynamic exchange, an interplay of ideas that is
immediately responsive to the audience's cues. Speakers find themselves immersed in
a reciprocal dialogue with their listeners, an interaction that constantly influences the
course of conversation. This immediate feedback loop allows for a spontaneous
adjustment of the discourse's trajectory, permitting the speaker to tailor their message
in real-time. This vibrant interaction breeds an atmosphere of intimacy and shared


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exploration, often leading to new insights through the synergy between speaker and
audience.
The dynamic nature of spoken communication mirrors a dance between partners,
each step guided by the cues of the other. This real-time responsiveness forms a lively
and engaging interaction, where speakers and listeners co-create meaning in the
moment.
4.2 Reflective Solitude of Writing
In stark contrast, the act of writing is characterized by its solitary nature, akin to
the solitude of an author in their study. This individualistic endeavor invites readers
into a reflective journey, where they navigate the narrative's intricacies alone. Writers
anticipate questions and objections that might arise within the reader's mind,
preemptively addressing these concerns through the carefully constructed text. This
unidirectional interaction is not void of benefits; it allows for deeper contemplation
and in-depth exploration of ideas. However, it is devoid of the real-time dynamism
found in spoken exchanges.
Writing is akin to a solitary voyage, where readers embark on a journey guided by
the written words. The reflective nature of this medium offers a quiet sanctuary for
contemplation and analysis, allowing readers to delve deep into the author's thoughts
and develop their understanding at their own pace.

V. Non-verbal Cues and Visual Aids
5.1 Enriching Expression in Speech
Non-verbal cues assume a pivotal role in the domain of speech, functioning as
supplementary vehicles of expression. Beyond the spoken word, gestures, expressions,
and intonation contribute additional dimensions of meaning, amplifying the emotional
resonance of the discourse. These cues function in tandem with spoken language,
sculpting a profound experience for both speaker and listener. The fusion of verbal and
non-verbal elements paints a vivid picture that enables speakers to effectively
communicate complex ideas and emotions.
The gestures and expressions accompanying spoken words are akin to a vibrant
mural that enhances the narrative's vibrancy. They add depth and subtlety to the
communication, allowing speakers to convey nuances that words alone might struggle
to capture.
5.2 Visual Augmentation in Writing


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Writing, bereft of the luxury of non-verbal cues, harnesses the potential of visual
aids to augment comprehension. The written word is enriched through the strategic
incorporation of diagrams, charts, and illustrations that complement the textual
content. These visual elements are carefully chosen to elucidate complex concepts,
transcending the constraints of words and offering a multi-faceted perspective. The
integration of visual aids extends the canvas of comprehension, elevating the reader's
understanding through an innovative marriage of language and imagery.
Visual aids in written communication are akin to windows that open into a world
of enhanced understanding. They break down complex ideas into digestible visual
forms, bridging the gap between the abstract and the concrete.

VI. Preservation and Accessibility
6.1 Transience of Spoken Words
The nature of speech is inherently transient, akin to a fleeting breeze that rustles
through the leaves. Spoken words, once uttered, dissipate into the atmosphere,
surviving only within the recesses of memory. The absence of a tangible artifact makes
it challenging to accurately revisit or reference the content of spoken discourse,
rendering it ephemeral by design.
The ephemerality of speech is like a mesmerizing firework, a brief burst of
brilliance that lights up the moment and then fades into the night sky. Its beauty lies in
its fleeting nature, a reminder of the impermanence that defines human interaction.
6.2 Endurance of Written Legacy
Contrasting this evanescence, the realm of writing bestows upon communication a
sense of endurance and legacy. The written word transcends the boundaries of time,
standing as a testament to human expression that persists through generations. The
permanence of the written record ensures the availability of information for future
scholars, researchers, and learners, fostering the continuous propagation of knowledge
across epochs.
The written word is a legacy, a monument erected by the human mind to withstand
the ravages of time. It forms a bridge across centuries, connecting the wisdom of the
past with the aspirations of the future.

VII. Overlapping Traits
7.1 Lexical Precision and Choice


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In both the world of spoken discourse and written expression, the art of choosing
precise words is of paramount importance. Selecting words with care and discernment
constitutes an essential component of effective communication, irrespective of the

chosen medium. A well-chosen vocabulary enriches the message, allowing for more
nuanced and accurate conveyance of ideas.
The choice of words is a delicate brushstroke in the canvas of communication,
painting intricate nuances that convey subtleties of meaning. Whether spoken or
written, language is the artist's palette, and lexical precision its guiding hand.
7.2 Clarity and Coherence
Within the realm of communication, whether spoken or written, clarity and
coherence reign as guiding principles. A coherent structure, whether through the
chronological flow of speech or the organized paragraphs of writing, serves as a
navigational compass that assists the audience in comprehending the unfolding
narrative. Simultaneously, clarity ensures that the message is delivered in a lucid and
understandable manner, fostering a harmonious connection between the speaker or
writer and the recipient.
Clarity and coherence are the twin beacons that guide the ship of communication
through the tumultuous seas of misunderstanding. They ensure that the intended
message arrives intact, regardless of the medium chosen for its conveyance.
7.3 Purposeful Intent
The underlying essence that drives communication—purposeful intent—remains
unswerving across both spoken discourse and written expression. The force behind
each message, the intent provides direction to the words, shaping them into a
meaningful whole. Whether the passion of an impassioned speech or the meticulous
articulation of a scholarly thesis, purpose infuses the communication with significance
and meaning.
Intent is the compass that guides the traveler through the labyrinth of
communication. It is the heartbeat that animates words, transforming them from mere
symbols into vehicles of shared understanding.

VIII. Conclusion
In culmination, the dynamic interplay of speech and writing orchestrates a
symphony of communication. Contextual immediacy, language intricacies, interactive

dialogue, and preservation each contribute to the distinctiveness of these mediums.
Simultaneously, the threads of shared traits—lexical precision, coherence, and purpose


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—interlace speech and writing into the fabric of human expression. In understanding
and mastering these differences, communicators wield the power to harness both
forms, adapting their approach to suit diverse contexts and audiences.

References
Crystal, D. (1998). English as a Global Language. Cambridge University
Press.
Halliday, M. A. K. (1989). Spoken and written language. Oxford
University Press.
Pinker, S. (2014). The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person's Guide to
Writing in the 21st Century. Penguin Books.
Ong, W. J. (1982). Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the
Word. Routledge.
Gumperz, J. J. (1982). Discourse strategies. Cambridge University
Press.
Tannen, D. (1982). Oral and literate strategies in spoken and written
narratives. Language, 58(1), 1-21.
Personal insights and observations from the author's engagement with
diverse communication contexts.