TIỂU LUẬN NGÔN NGỮ XÃ HỘI HỌC

HUE UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF OPEN EDUCATION
AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
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SOCIOLINGUISTIC PROJECT

Lecturer:

Trần Thuần

Student’s name:

Trần Thị Huyền

Student’s code:

7052900525

Class:

Nghệ An 6

Nghe An, July 2023


1. There are systematic differences between the English spoken in the
US and the English spoken in the UK, hence the terms ‘American English’
and ‘British English’ due to historical and political reasons.
It is highly plausible that a similar phenomenon, historically and politically

triggered, can be found in the Korean language. Investigate the (possible)
differences between the Korean spoken in North Korea (Democratic People’s
Republic Korea) and the Korean spoken in South Korea (Republic of Korea).
There are systematic differences between the English spoken in the US
and the English spoken in the UK, hence the terms ‘American English’ and
‘British English’ due to historical and political reasons.
English is a language that has undergone several changes. As we know that
India was ruled by the British, so the language that they left us with was British
English. The mannerisms, habits, houses, and everything people have today are
inspired by British descent. On the contrary, people aspire to settle in the US
and try to adapt to their nature and culture. They want to be acquainted with
the American lifestyle. People who live abroad practice the culture, habits, and
mannerisms of that country. The language of the US is called American
English. People who are either in the United Kingdom or America aspire to
study and learn the nature of the country. Now, there has been a lot of debate
regarding the languages practiced by other countries. America, being the
superpower, tends to instigate people to use American English. Whether to
choose American English or British English has always been a debatable topic.
So, let us discuss about the significant contrasting points regarding American
and British English, but before that, let us understand the critical points of
these terms.


American English
As the name suggests, American English is also called the US-English, which
is defined as the language native to the United States. American English is the
common language used by almost every country (federal and state
government). American English has a variety of patterns in pronunciation,
spelling, vocabulary, grammar, so on, and so forth. According to historical
linguistic studies, American English is regarded as the mainstream language.

Many regional accents have been included in American English apart from
American accent. As far as the history of American English is concerned, we
can see that the first phase of English came in North America in the 17 th, 18th,
and 19th centuries respectively. After the 19th century, American English has
introduced and developed new patterns and varieties, including regional
accents like Eastern New England Dialect, New York Accent, Philadelphia
Baltimore Accent, Western US Accent, etc. Well, it is interesting to know that
American English is prominent in 32 US States and five non-US states and
territories. American English has a lot of characteristics like the intonation do
not tend to rise; sounds are monotonous, the voices have a higher pitch, the
pronunciation is nasalized, the consonant and vowel sound are different from
one another, etc.
British English
British English is defined as the language spoken in the United Kingdom.


Variations in this language also exist in the written, verbal, and formal form.
The oldest form of this language was called Old English, followed by Middle
English and Early Modern English. Some of the colloquial words to address
British English are Bringlish, Britglish, Brenglish, and Brilish. The history of
British English goes back to the time when the Germans came to settle in the
UK. That is why British English is also called as the West Germanic Language.
The Old English is said to have many dialects, including the Anglo-Saxon and
the Late West Saxon. Like American English, British English also has variants
in vocabulary, grammar, spelling, and pronunciation. Now, there are certain
differences between American English and British English. So, let us have a
look at them.

S.NO.

AMERICAN ENGLISH

BRITISH ENGLISH

1.

American English is defined as the On the other hand, British
language which is prevalent in the English is a language that is
United States.
prevalent in the
United Kingdom.

2.

American English first came to British English first came into
North America in the 17th, 18th, and being by the German settlers.
19th centuries.

3.

Accents like Eastern New England
Dialect, New York Accent,
Philadelphia Baltimore Accent,
Western US Accent, etc., are
included in American English.

4.

The vocabulary of American The vocabulary of British English is
English is different from British different from American English.

English.
Examples:

British English has three
phases, i.e., Old English,
Middle English,
and Early Modern English.
All the accents are included
in these three phases.


Examples:
o Sidewalk
o Elevator
o Freeway
5.

American English differs in spelling
as
well.
Examples:
o Flavor
o Color
o Center
o Dialog
o Localize
o Defense

6.

The grammar is also distinct from
American
English.
Examples:
o On the Weekend
o In the back/ front
o In school
o Getting along
o In the party

7.

o Pavement
o Lift
o Motorway

The spelling of words is
different in British English as
compared
to
American
Examples:
o Flavour
o Colour
o Centre
o Dialogue
o Localize
o Defence

The grammar of British

English is in contrast with American
English.
Examples:
o At the Weekend
o At the back/ front
o At school
o Get on
o At the party

The collective nouns in American In British English, the
English
are
singular. collective
nouns
are
Examples:
Examples:
o Team
o The team is playing
o Band

English.

plural.


o Staff

really good.
o The band is playing

the music.
o The staff of the school is
disciplined.

8.

The auxiliary verbs in American In British English, the
English are quite in contrast. auxiliary
verbs
are
Examples:
Examples:
o I shall go to the park.
o I will go to the park.
o Shall we leave?

o Should we leave?

o You do not need to come
today.

o You needn't come today.

9.

The past tense used in American
English is different. The ending 'en'
is used in the past tense. For
instance, in American English, we
say, 'I have never gotten into jail.'

(Americans may use 'gotten' and
'got' both).

10.

Americans do not use any tag Britishers use tag questions
questions like isn't it, aren't, etc.
often. For instance, in British
one may
say, 'the entire scenario is
disturbing, isn't it?
(The statement becomes a
question here).

different.

The past tense in British
English users the ending 't.'
For instance, we say, 'I have not got in
jail.' (Britishers only use 'got').

So, these are some of the significant linguistic differences between American
English and British English. The major difference between them is that of the


countries they are used in. For instance, British English is prevalent in the UK,
and American English is prominent in the US. Both these languages are
essential for the natives. It is interesting to note that English literature and its
history are based entirely on British English, including Greek Mythology. The
history of English Literatures dates back to the Anglo-Saxon age, which is a

part of British English. Thus, both American English and British English are
significant languages in studies, culture, tradition, mannerisms, and nature.
It is highly plausible that a similar phenomenon, historically and politically
triggered, can be found in the Korean language. Investigate the (possible)
differences between the Korean spoken in North Korea (Democratic People’s
Republic Korea) and the Korean spoken in South Korea (Republic of Korea).
There are two Koreas, namely North Korea and South Korea, much in the news
recently, of course! They share a common language, which is Korean. There
are however a few differences between the North Korean and South Korean
languages, both the spoken and written word.
The first key difference is in the South Korean language, where the formal
name used for the language spoken by its citizens is Hangugeo. In North
Korea, it’s called Chosŏnŏ.
Differences in the Korean Vocabulary
Do north and south korea speak the same language? The language spoken in
South Korea is basically a Seoul dialect, and the speakers often do use words
borrowed from English. In contrast to this trend in North Korea, its leaders
have encouraged its citizens not to use any borrowed words, so the Pyongyang
dialect is mainly in use. Sometimes, North Koreans include words from other
languages, and Russian, in this case, is the preferred language.
Differences in Written North Korean and South Korean Languages
Anyone who is learning to write Korean is sure to notice that both in North and
South Korea they use exactly the same letters, which is called “jamo,” but they
might not look quite the same. For example, some consonants and vowels are
considered to be separate letters in the North Korean version of the language,
while in South Korea they are connected together as the same letters. At times
some “jamo” are put in a different order, depending on the version in use.


There are not just differences in letters, but some complete words are different

as well. There are normally more spaces in the South Korean language than in
North Korean, especially when writing pairs of words that when assembled
together show a single concept.
Differences in the Spoken Word of North Korean and South Korean
Languages
As the Korean language in both regions isn’t the same dialect, it’s no surprise
that there are also some differences when it comes to pronunciation in the
spoken words. In effect, some vowels are consonants that are not pronounced
the same in the different regions. Even to the point that some letters might be
completely ignored when the residents of either South or North Korea
pronounce the words. There is also evidence present that the North Korean
language’s pitch isn’t quite the same as in South Korea. A few Chinese
characters are also used in Korean and are referred to as “hanja.” These
characters are commonly pronounced a certain way in South Korean and in
another in North Korean. On occasions, they can even be found written
differently.
Usually, anyone who is fluent in South Korean should be understood in North
Korea and vice versa. But any professional interpreter should be aware of even
slight differences between the two Korean dialects so that translations can be
adapted accordingly in order to meet the targeted audience.
The Korean peninsula was irrevocably split in two by the events of the 1950s
Korean War, part of the post-Second World War Cold War. Although Koreans
and Korea share a long and proud past, they have also spent more time than
many other cultures under the thumb of more powerful nations. At one time or
another, Imperial China and Japan and more recently, the U.S.A. and Russia
have had a disproportionate influence on their now divided homeland. Korea’s
history of subordination to other cultures and languages has shaped their own
shared Korean language and the way their societies have diverged and
developed.
The Korean language in South Korea

In South Korea, the South Korean language is known as Hangugeo, not
Chosŏnŏ, as it is in the North. South Koreans primarily use the Seoul dialect of
Korean. Seoul is the capital and largest city in the South. Like many other


languages that are spoken in countries that are exposed to outside influences,
the South Korean language has now ‘imported’ loan words, principally from
English.
Differences between the written North Korean and South Korean
languages
The Korean language uses characters rather than letters as in the Latin or
Cyrillic writing system. The first system of writing the Korean language was
called ‘hanja’ and was basically a modified Chinese character system. Hanja
was used for many years until a specifically Korean form of writing was
developed called ‘hangul.’ Both systems are still in use, but hangul is the
official and preferred method in both North and South Korea. Hanja’s writing
is
retained
more
as
a
cultural
and
historical
curiosity.
There is very little difference between the way North and South Koreans write
using characters, which are called “jamo.” In North Korea, it is more typical to
see characters that represent the sounds of consonants and vowels written
separately, whereas in the South these same sounds may be more commonly
joined together.

Korean dialect differences
Of course, because of the geographical and sociopolitical isolation, there has
developed a difference in dialect between the North Korea language and the
South Korea language. The dialectical differences include vocabulary that is
unique to either country as well as differences in the way words are
pronounced. To give a comparison, think of the differences between Brooklyn
English and that of rural Tennessee or Glaswegian and the English of rural
Cornwall. These sorts of differences are certainly not restricted to Korean.
However, it is important for interpreters, in particular, to be aware of the
subtleties and nuances in the Korean language.