Lesson 2 Synonym.docx

I. Vocabulary
STT

Từ vựng

1

adhere

2

regulation

3

Từ
loại
v

Phiên âm

Nghĩa

/ ədˈhɪər /

dính chặt vào

n

/ˌreɡjʊˈleɪʃən/

quy tắc, điều lệ

violate

v

/ˈvaɪəleɪt/

vi phạm, làm điều bạo lực

4

disregard

v

/dɪsrɪˈɡɑːd/

không để ý đến

5

culinary

a

/'ˈkʌlɪnəri/

liên quan đến việc nấu nướng

6

feast

n

/fi:st/

bữa tiệc, yến tiệc

7

mouth-watering

a

/ˈmaʊθ wɔːtərɪŋ

thèm chảy nước miếng

8

hygienic

a

/haɪˈdʒiːnɪk/

hợp vệ sinh

9

nutrition

n

/njuːˈtrɪʃən/

dinh dưỡng

10

permanently
temporarily

/ˈpɜːmənəntli/
/ˈtemprərəli/

vĩnh cửu, vĩnh viễn
tạm thời

11

election

n

/ɪˈlekʃən/

cuộc bầu cử

12

democratic

a

/ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/

dân chủ

13

democracy

n

/dɪˈmɒkrəsi/

nền Dân chủ, chế độ Dân chủ

14

transfer

v

/ˈtrænsfɜːr/

chuyển giao

15

percentage
percent

n
n

/pəˈsentɪdʒ/
/pəˈsent/

tỷ lệ phần trăm
phần trăm (%)

16

minuscule

a

/ˈmɪnəskjuːl/

rất nhỏ

17

considerable
considerate
consider

consideration

a
a
v
n

/kənˈsɪdərəbəl/
/kənˈsɪdərət/
/kənˈsɪdər/
/kənˌsɪdəˈreɪʃən/

đáng kể
ân cần, chu đáo
xem xét
sự cân nhắc, suy xét

18

extraordinary

a

/ɪkˈstrɔːdn̩ri/

khác thường, đặc biệt

19

erratic

a

/ɪˈrætɪk/

thất thường

20

disastrous
disaster

a
n

/dɪˈzɑːstrəs/
/dɪˈzɑːstər/

thảm khốc
thảm họa

21

explosive
explode
explosion

a/n
vn

/ɪkˈspləʊsɪv/
/ɪkˈspləʊd/
/ɪkˈspləʊʒən/

dễ nổ, thuốc nổ
nổ, nổ tung
sự nổ

22

immigrant
migrant

n
n

/ˈɪmɪɡrənt /
/ˈmaɪɡrənt/

dân nhập cư
dân di cư

23

depreciate

v

/dɪˈpriːʃɪeɪt /

làm sụt giá, mất giá

24

welfare

n

/ˈwelfeər/

phúc lợi

25

metaphysics

n

/ˌmetəˈfɪzɪks/

sự siêu hình, trừu tượng

26
27

expansion
expand
trigger

n

v
v

/ɪkˈspỉnʃən/
/ɪkˈspỉnd /
/ˈtrɪɡər /

sự mở rộng
mở rộng
bắt đầu, khởi sự

28

identify

v

/aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/

nhận biết, nhận diện

29

pessimist
pessimism
pessimistic

n
n
a

/ˈpesɪmɪst/
/ˈpesɪmɪzəm/
/ˌpesɪˈmɪstɪk/

người tiêu cực, bi quan
chủ nghĩa tiêu cực, bi quan
tiêu cực, bi quan

adv
adv


30

optimist
optimism
optimistic

n
n
a

/ˈɒptɪmɪst/
/ˈɒptɪmɪzəm/
/ɒptɪˈmɪstɪk/

người tích cực, lạc quan
chủ nghĩa tích cực, lạc quan
lạc quan, tích cực

31

hobbyist

n

/ ˈhɒbiɪst/

người làm việc theo sở thích

32

feminist

n

/ˈfemɪnɪst/

người theo chủ nghĩa nam nữ bình
quyền

33

excessive

a

/ɪkˈsesɪv/

quá nhiều, thừa

34

pesticide
herbicide

n
n

/ˈpestɪsaɪd/
/ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/

thuốc trừ sâu
thuốc diệt cỏ

35

detrimental

a

/ˌdetrɪˈmentəl /

có hại, gây hại

36

fundamental

a

/ˌfʌndəˈmentəl/

cơ bản, thuộc nền tảng

37

residential

a

/ˌrezɪˈdenʃəl/

thuộc nhà ở

38

envy

/ˈenvi /

sự ghen tị, đố kị

39

chromosome

n

/ˈkrəʊməsəʊm/

nhiễm sắc thể

40

division
divide

n
v

/dɪˈvɪʒən/
/dɪˈvaɪd/

sự phân chia
phân chia

41

apathy

n

/ˈỉpəθi /

tính lãnh đạm, thờ ơ

42

resistance

n

/rɪˈzɪstəns /

sự chống cự, kháng cự

43

opposition

n

/ ɒpəˈzɪʃən /

sự đối đầu, phản đối

44

upmarket

a

/ˌʌpˈmɑːkɪt /

dành cho giới thượng lưu

45

satirical

a

/səˈtɪrɪkəl/

châm biếm, trào phúng

46

thought- provoking

a

/ ˈθɔ:t prəˈvəʊkɪŋ/

suy nghĩ nhiều về một vấn đề

47

inspirational

a

/ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn̩əl /

đầy cảm hứng

48

cost-effective

a

/. kɒst ɪˈfektɪv /

có giá trị, có hiệu quả về giá trị

49

weather-beaten

a

/ˈweðə biːtən/

bị hủy hoại vì thời tiết

50

distinction
distinct
distinctive

n
a
a

/dɪˈstɪŋkʃən /
/dɪˈstɪŋkt /

/dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/

sự phân biệt
phân biệt
dễ nhận biết, dễ phân biệt

51

Explicit
implicit

a
a

/ɪkˈsplɪsɪt /
/ɪmˈplɪsɪt/

rõ ràng, dứt khoát
ngấm ngầm

52

obscure

v/a

/əbˈskjʊər/

làm tối đi, làm mờ đi

53

adaptation
adapt

n
v

/ˌỉdỉpˈteɪʃən/
/əˈdỉpt/

sự thích nghi
thích nghi

54

adjustment
adjust

n
v

/əˈdʒʌstmənt /
/əˈdʒʌst /

sự điều chỉnh, chỉnh lý
điều chỉnh, chỉnh lý

55

inflexibility

n

/ɪnˌfleksəˈbɪlɪti/

tính cứng

inflexible
flexibility

a
n

/iɪnˈfleksəbəl/
/fleksəˈbɪlɪti/

cứng, khơng dễ lay chuyển
tính mềm, dẻo, dễ uốn

56

agility

n

/əˈdʒɪləti /

sự nhanh nhẹn, lanh lẹ

57

miraculous
miracle

a
n

/mɪˈrỉkjʊləs/
/ˈmɪrəkəl/

kì diệu, phi thường
phép màu

58

Polish
Poland

a
n

/ˈpɒlɪʃ /
/ˈpəʊlənd /

người Ba Lan, tiếng Ba Lan
nước Ba Lan

59

interruptedly

/.ɪntər'ʌptɪdlɪ/

gián đoạn, đứt quãng

n/v

adv


II. Structures
STT

Cấu trúc - Cụm từ

Nghĩa

1

be expected to do st

được mong đợi làm gì

2

relate to st

có liên quan đến cái gì

3

be proud of = take pride in

tự hào về

4

Feel/be thankful for St

biết ơn về cái gì

5

turn down = refuse = reject

từ chối, khước từ

6

a closed book to sb

hồn tồn khơng biết gì

7

give the secret away

tiết lộ bí mật

8

get at

trách móc, lải nhải

9

coincide with

trùng khớp với

10

in terms of

xét về, xét vì

11

with a view to doing St

để làm gì

12

in regard to St

có liên quan đến

13

cheer up

vui lên, phấn chấn lên

14

get over = recover from

vượt qua

15

protect sb/st from

bảo vệ ai/cái gì đó khỏi

16

speed up

tăng tốc, khẩn trương

17

slow down

giảm tốc độ

18

bite the hand that feeds you

ăn cháo đá bát

19

round the clock

phục vụ cả ngày lẫn đêm, liên tục

20

be filled with = be full of = be crowded
with

đầy với

21

border on

gần kề với, liền kề với, sắp tới

22

catch up on

cập nhật tin tức

23

catch sight of

bắt gặp

24

go ahead with

tiến hành

25

teach sb to do st

dạy ai đó làm gì đó

III. Practice exercise 2
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the
underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 1: Students are expected to always adhere to school regulations.
A. question
B. violate
C. disregard
D. follow
Question 2: When Susan invited us to dinner, she really showed off her c ulinary talents. She prepared a
feast - a huge selection of dishes that were simply mouth-watering.
A. relating to medical knowledge

B. involving hygienic conditions and diseases
C. concerning nutrition and health
D. having to do with food and cooking
Question 3: Congo's presidential election is hoped to enable the country's first peaceful, democratic
t ransfer of power since independence from Belgium in 1960.
A. transplant
B. removal
C. conversion
D. shifting


Question 4: Although more and more companies are beginning to accept bitcoins, the percentage of
purchases made using bitcoins is minuscule compared to other online payment methods, such as credit
cards.
A. considerable
B. small
C. minimal
D. increasing
Question 5: You can use a microwave or cook this kind of food in a conventional oven.
A. unique
B. modern
C. traditional
D. extraordinary
Question 6: Although the tract of a tropical cyclone is very erratic, the Weather Service can still issue
timely warnings to the public if a tropical cyclone is approaching densely populated areas.
A. complicated
B. unpredictable
C. disastrous
D. explosive
Question 7: Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating

immigrants into American society.
A. advantages
B. probability
C. method
D. qualifications
Question 8: We really appreciate your help; without which we couldn't have got our task done in time.
A. depreciate
B. are proud of
C. feel thankful for
D. request
Question 9: As heart disease continues to be the number-one killer in the United States, researchers have
become increasingly interested in identifying the potential risk factors that trigger heart attacks.
A. possible
B. harmful
C. primary
D. unknown
Question 10: Not until all their demands had been t urned down did the workers decide to go on strike
for more welfare.
A. rejected
B. sacked
C. reviewed
D. deleted
Question 11: "It's no use talking to me about metaphysics. It's a closed book to me."
A. a book that is never opened
B. an object that I really love
C. a subject that I don't understand
D. a theme that I like to discuss
Question 12: We are having a surprise party for Susan next Saturday, so don't g ive the secret away by
saying anything to her.
A. ask anyone to come

B. tell her the secret
C. go to the party
D. find out the secret
Question 13: Tim is thinking of leaving his present job because his manager is always
getting at him.
A. hitting
B. disturbing
C. defending
D. criticizing
Question 14: The arrival of a great wave of southern and eastern European immigrants at the turn of the
century coincided with and contributed to an enormous expansion of formal schooling.
A. was influenced by
B. happened at the same time as
C. began to grow rapidly
D. ensured the success of
Question 15: We should find ways to improve our products in terms of quality and service.
A. for considering aspects
B. in spite of
C. with a view to
D. in regard to
Mark the letter A, B, Ct or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
Question 16: "Don't be such a p essimist. I'm sure you'll soon get over it. Cheer up!"
A. hobbyist
B. optimist
C. activist
D. feminist
Question 17: It is widely known that the excessive use of pesticides is producing a d etrimental effect
on the local groundwater.
A. useless

B. harmless
C. damaging
D. fundamental
Question 18: His dreamlike villa in the new residential quarter is the envy of his friends.
A. something that everybody looks for
B. something that everybody dreams of
C. something that nobody wants
D. something that nobody can afford
Question 19: Telomeres are the tiny caps on the ends of chromosomes that protect our DNA from damage
during cell division.
A. guard
B. shape
C. attack
D. save
Question 20: Contrary to their expectations, there was widespread apathy among voters on that issue.


A. interest
B. obedience
C. resistance
D. opposition
Question 21: Never p unish your children by hitting them. This might teach them to become hitters.
A. bring
B. reward
C. give
D. accept
Question 22: The first year at university was probably the most challenging year of her life, which caused
her plenty of troubles.
A. tricky
B. tough

C. difficult
D. easy
Question 23: "Be quick! We must speed up if we don't want to miss the flight.
A. turn down
B. slow down
C. look up
D. put forward
Question 24: If you say bad things about the person who give a job you bite the hand that feeds you.
A. be unfriendly
B. be ungrateful
C. be thankful
D. be devoted
Question 25: Doctors and nurses of this hospital have worked r ound the clock to help those injured in
the recent earthquake.
A. permanently
B. interruptedly
C. continuously
D. accurately
Question 26: "Do you think it's OK for me to wear jeans to a job interview or do I need something a bit
more upmarket?”
A. cheap and poor quality
B. high quality or expensive
C. trendy and fashionable
D. brand-name but old
Question 27: Polish artist Pawel Kuzinsky creates satirical paintings filled with thought-provoking
messages about the world.
A. inspirational
B. cost-effective
C. discouraging
D. weather-beatten

Question 28: The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.
A. odd
B. explicit
C. implicit
D. obscure
Question 29: Biologists long regarded it as an example of adaptation by natural selection, but for physicists
it bordered on the miraculous.
A. adjustment
B. inflexibility
C. agility
D. flexibility
Question 30: I need to c atch up on world events. I haven't seen the news in ages.
A. go ahead with
B. catch sight of
C. become outdated
D. watch the news