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Điều kiện làm
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Làm lạnh

nhiệt điện
Nhiệt độ
trong
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Làm lạnh
nhiệt
điện
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Xấp xỉ 32
K
Xấp xỉ 55
K
Xấp xỉ 45
K
Xấp xỉ 52
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Băng
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90K hoặc
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Xấp xỉ
120 K
Xấp xỉ
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220K hoặc
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300K hoặc
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200K hoặc
thấp hơn
Xấp xỉ
160 K
Bảo d-ỡng Khó Vừa Dễ Vừa Dễ


Tính năng



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Chất l-ợng gần bằng
khuếch đại thông số,
kích th-ớc nhỏ,
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