Bt chuong 2

2

-

4

2.1.
ă

mol hydro

S: 24 6 x 104 (J/mol)
2.2.
4
S:
l = 0, m=0
l = 1, m = -1, 0, +1
l = 2, m = -2, -1, 0, +1, +2
l = 3, m = -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3
16
2.3.
bi t r

Cr, Fe, Cu bi t
â

ầ

14 1

24 2

29

S:
1s

2s

2p

3s

3p

3d

4s

8O:
14Si:
16S:
24Cr:
26Fe:
29Cu:

2.4.
â
2 2
1
1

2 2
2
1
2 2
a) 1s 2s 2px 2py ; b) 1s 2s 2px 2py ; c) 1s 2s 2px12py12pz13s2; d) 1s22s22px22py12pz13s2
S:
:
b) 1s 2s22px12py12pz1; c) 1s22s22px22py22pz1; d) 1s22s22px22py22pz2
2

2.5.
3

3
2

-1

4

1

4

2

1

s

= +1/2

1

3

2


S: a) 6; b) 10; c) 2; d) 2; e) 1
2.6.

s

a) 1,0 ,0, -1/2; b) 3,3,0,1/2; c) 3,2,3,+1/2; d) 1,1,2,+1/2
S:
1
ă





3 0 0 1/2
322
-2, -1, 0 +1),+1/2
100 12
ă

2.7.

r

â

ầ

ầ

bi t
2

1

19

9 13

S:
F < O < S < Al < Ca < K
ă

2.8.
Br-, Te2- . Bi
35, 52.

â

a Ca, K, Al lầ

2+

ầ
2

19 13

, K+, Al3+; b) Se2-,
a Se, Br, Te lầ
34

S: a) Al3+ < Ca2+ < K+ b) Br- < Se2- < Te22.9.
ă
Mg, Al, Si, P bi t

ă
â

ầ

a Na, Mg, Al, Si, P lầ

ă
11, 13, 13, 14, 15.

S: Na < Al < Mg < Si < P
ă

2.10.
â

a

lầ

ầ

bi t

5, 11, 9, 8.

S: Na < B < O < F
2.11.

ầ
â

IE6 = 47277.
S: 1s22s22p2

2
ă
1= 1086; IE2 = 2352; IE3 = 4620; IE4 = 6222; IE5 = 37831;


ầ

2.12.

3
ă

1= 578; IE2 = 1817; IE3 = 2745; IE4 = 11576; IE5 = 14841;

â
IE6 = 18379.
S: 1s22s22p63s23p1
ù

2.13.

4

2-

S: 8
2.14.
O2-, O22-

â

-

2,

O2 + ,

c) so
S:
O2: 1s21s*22s22s*22p22py2=2pz22py*1=2pz*1 
O2+: 1s21s*22s22s*22p22py2=2pz22py*1 
O2-: 1s21s*22s22s*22p22py2=2pz22py*2=2pz*1 

O22-: 1s21s*22s22s*22p22py2=2pz22py*2=2pz*2 
O2 > O2+ > O2- > O22-

2
25
15
1
O2 < O2+ < O2- < O22-

+
2

2.15.

2

2

+

2

S:
2
2

+

25

+

25

2
2

2

3

2.16.
S:
B22+: 1s21s*22s22s*2
4-4)/2 = 0
22
*2
2
*2
2
2
2
*2
F2 : 1s 1s 2s 2s 2p 2py =2pz 2py =2pz*22p*2
0

2
2

+

+

> O2

< N2
2

10-10)/2 = 0

2+

22