Nghiên Ứu Ấu Trú Và Hiệu Quả Nâng Ao Ổn Định Hệ Thống Điện Ủa Thiết Bị Tự Động Điều Hỉnh Kíh Từ. Phân Tíh Ảnh Hưởng Ủa Hiều Dài Đường Dây Đến Ổn Định Hệ Thống Điện.pdf



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








 



GS.TS. 

- 2017
17083300112034bac4be3-87f5-4762-9940-a0f4766e3022
170833001120379c5fef7-8e34-42d2-b72d-a5ab802a7ac5
170833001120274d11e09-f8b5-4a58-bbbd-8e27ad68fc6a






MC LC
 ................................................................................................................... i

  .................................................................................................... iii
......................................... iv
D .................................................................. v
 .........................................................................................................vii
 :          
 ........................... 1
  


   ................................................................... 1
 .................................... 1
1   ................................................................ 1
  

  ............................................. 8
 ................................................................... 8
 ................................................................... 8
1.2.  
.............................................. 10

1.2.4.     


     14
............................................................ 20
 

 : N         
 ............................ 23
 ............................................................................... 23

 ..................................................................... 23
  fgh .................... 23
 f   .................................... 23
 ........................................................................................ 24
 .................................................................................................. 24
2 ...................................................................................... 24
2.3.  ....................................................................... 24
 ....................................... 24
 .......................................................... 24
 ............................................................................................... 24

i






 .......................... 25
2.4.  ....................................................... 25
 ........................................................ 27
 ..................................................................... 28
 ................................................... 30

 .............................................................................................. 36
 ..................................................................................................... 37
 ....................................... 37
 ........................ 40
:  
            

 .......................................................................................................... 43

  ........................................................................................................... 43

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 .......................... 43
  
   
-máy phát) .............. 43
3.2.2     ...................... 47
 ................................................................... 51

 .................................................................................................. 53
 ........................................ 55
 ................ 64
 ....................................... 67
 .............................................................................................. 77
 ................................................................................ 79
 ...................................................................................... 80

ii






 
 
 

. .




iii






U












MBA







PTVP







DC

   

AC

 













iv







        ............... 4
 
 
 t ................................................................... 5
 


                      
  
............................................................................................. 6
  

   

    .............................. 9
      ................................................. 19

  ................................................................ 19
      .......... 22
 .................................................................................. 25
 

     ...................................... 26
 
      ................... 27
 ...................................................... 27
     ............................................ 28
Hình 2.6  ............................ 29
 ................................. 31
  .............................................. 34
 ........................................................................ 36
  


  
  ..................... 37
  F ................................................................................... 41
  ................................................................ 44
Hình 3.2  ............................ 47
49
     ...................................................

Hình 3.4  ............................................................... 49
Hình 3.5 Khâu qn tính ........................................................................................... 51
Hình 3.6  ........................................................ 52
Hình 3.7   ........................................... 52
Hình 3.8     ....................................................... 53
Hình 3.9 .................. 54
Hình 3.10  1 = 200km, l2 = 250km ......................... 64
v





Hình 3.11  1 = 300km, l2 = 350km ......................... 65
Hình 3.12  1 = 350km, l2 = 400km ......................... 65
Hình 3.13  1 = 400km, l2 = 450km ......................... 66
Hình 3.14  1 = 450km, l2 = 550km ......................... 66
Hình 3.15 ................ 67
Hình 3.16  1U = 3,6 ............................................... 68
Hình 3.17  1U = 10 ................................................ 69
Hình 3.18  1U = 15 ................................................ 69
Hình 3.19  1U = 25 ................................................ 70
Hình 3.20  1U = 35 ................................................ 70
Hình 3.21  1U .......................................... 71
Hình 3.22  L = 0,1s ............................................... 72
Hình 3.23  L = 0,05s ............................................. 72
Hình 3.24  L = 0,03s ............................................. 73
Hình 3.25 L ............................................ 73
Hình 3.26  J = 5s ................................................... 74
Hình 3.27  J = 10s ................................................. 75
Hình 3.28  J = 15s ................................................. 75
Hình 3.29   J = 20s ................................................. 76
Hình 3.30  J = 25s ................................................. 76
Hình 3.31 J ............................................. 77

vi








   
   

    
     
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         
                       

  
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 
  
 
        

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 
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
   
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   
   


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        
500 kV         
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  
 

    
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  
       
phát 

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

khi

:
- : 

-  

- : 


cô giáo t

vii












viii






C 1
 VÀ CÁC 
PHÁ
1.1 


   
1.1.1. S cn thit phn nh H thn



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
          
         
 

  
    
            
  
 
 
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        
             

    
        
  
  
   
      
          
     

  
    
     

 

 
       
 
     

gây nên.        

 
    
 
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
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  
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 
 
 

 

           


 
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 
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   
   

         
      

     
  





    
  
 nh H thn
1.1.2. 

a. Các ch  ca H thn, khái nim v 
Ch  làm vic ca H thc chia ra làm hai loi chính: Ch 

1






xác lp và ch  . Ch  xác lp là ch   h thng
i, hoc trong nhng khong thi ngn, ch biên thiên
nh xung quanh các tr s nh mc. Ch  làm ving, lâu dài ca H
thng n thuc v ch  xác lc gi là ch  xác lng).
Ch  sau s c, h thc phc hi và làm vic tm thc v ch

 xác lp (còn gi là ch  xác lp sau s c).  các ch  xác lp sau s c
thông s ít bin thi lch khi tr s nh mi nhiu, cn
phi nhanh chóng khc phc.
Ngồi ch  xác lp cịn din ra các ch   trong H th
là các ch  trung gian chuyn t ch  xác lp này sang ch  xác lp khác. Ch
  ng din ra sau nhng s c hot các phn t 
mang công sut (nhng ln). Ch   c gi là ch  
ng nu nó tin ch  xác lp mng hp này các thông s
h thng b bin tt thi gian li tr v tr s gnh mc và tip
c li, có th din ra ch   vi thông s h thng b
bin thiên m   ng vô hn hoc gi n 0. Ch    
c gi là ch   s c. Nói chung, vi mi H thn yêu cu nht
thit là ph m bo cho các ch    di   ng, nhanh chóng
chuyn sang ch  xác lp mi, bi ch   ch có th là tm thi, ch 
xác lp mi là ch  n làm vic ca H thn.
T khái nim v các ch  ca H thn có th thy ru kin tn
ti ch  xác lp gn lin vi s tn tm cân bng công sut. Bi ch 
thông s h thng mi gi i (nói riêng, các máy phát có th duy trì
c t   ng b). Tuy nhiên, trng thái cân bng ch  u kin cn
) ca ch  xác lp. Thc t luôn tn ti nhng ngu nhiên làm
lch thông s khm cân bng (tuy rt nh), chng hn nhng
xuyên ca công sut ph tu kin này h thng vn phi duy trì
 lch nh ca các thơng s m bo tn ti ch  xác lp.
Kh  thuc vào mt tính cht riêng ca h thng: tính 

2






 có khái nim rõ  tính  li xem xét trng thái
cân bng cơng sut máy phát. Hình 1.1b v c tính cơng sun t ca máy phát
c tính cơng sui vi H thn trên hình 1.1a.
Cơng sui, cịn cơng sut tua bin máy phát có dng:

P( ) 

EU
sin   Pm sin 
XH

(1-1)

 H = XF + XB + XD/2.
Tn tm cân bng a và b ng vi các tr s góc lch o1 và o2:
Vi:  o1 = arcsin (PT/P m); o2 = 180º - arcsin (PT /Pm )
Tuy nhiên ch m cân bng a là nh và to nên ch  xác lp. Tht
vy, gi thit xut hin mng ngu nhiên làm lch góc  khi giá tr  o1 mt
ng   ng trit tiêu). Khi c tính cơng sut,  v trí
mi cơng sun t (hãm) P() lng) P T
phát quay chm li, góc lch  gi  v giá tr o1 . Khi   < 0 hing
dic li PT > P(), máy phát quay nhanh lên, tr s góc
lch   v o1c coi là có tính cht cân bng bn,

 m cân bng b vi gi thit      uan cơng sut sau kích
ng s là P T > P(), làm góc  tip tn tr s  o2 . Nu   
quan công suc li làm gim góc i làm lng thái
cân by tm cân bng b, dù ch tn ti mng nh 

ng trit tiêu) thông s h thi liên tc lch xa khi tr s ban
u. Vì th m cân bng b b coi là khơng n
c gi là nh vi kích ng bé hay m cân bng.
ng hp này ta còn thu kin c tn tm cân bng là Pm >
P Tu kin c  t tua bin
(bng cách m thêm c T > Pm chc chn h thng b mt
  n t c   gi cân bng, roto quay
nhanh dng vi góc lch  t 

3






ng hp này gi là mt nh góc lch.

F

XD

B

U

Hình 1.1a
P

Pm

Po

0

a

b

 o2

 o1
Hình 1.1b

Hình 1.1.  
    
Nu xét nút ph tng cơng sut ph
tính cht. Chng hn, xét h thn hình 1.3. Nút tc cung cp t
nhng nguc tính cơng sut phn kháng nhc t ng dây
v n nút U có dng:
Qi (U) = -U2/ X Di  (UEi/X Di i

(1-2)

n áp nút U ph thung quan cân bng công sut phn kháng.
Tng công sut phát Q F(U) =

 Q i(U) cân bng vi công sut ti Q t ti các

2b, ng vn áp U01 và U02 . Nu gi c cân

bng công sun áp nút U s khơni, cịn nu QF > Q t 
khi QF < Qt n áp nút U gim xung ( th hic tính vt lý ca nút ti, cha
4






 ng hp công sut tác dng ca máy phát,
d thc ch m cân bng d là nh. Vm cân bng c sau mt kích
ng nh ngn áp U s xa dn tr s U01 m cân bng c khơng
nh.
Q
E3

E2

1

E1

Q2
Q1
Hình 1.2a

2

Q3

c

d

3

U
Qt

Qt
QF

U

Hình 1.2b

. 
  t

ng hu kin c tn tm cân bng là công sut phn kháng ca
ngun phi lt ti tiêu th: Qm > Qt . Ngoài ra, mt nh trong
ng hn s bin áp. Khi Qm < Qt công sut phm
m bc cân bn áp nút b gim nhanh v tr s khơng, h
thng mt n áp (cịn gi là s n áp).
b. Khái nim v ng
 m v 
din ra trong h thng sau nhng ln, chng hn vi h thn hình
1.1, mt ngt b ct ra.
 
   

 
 H  
       
  
    

   o1  

 
 o1 sang o1 

 


5








    
 o1 

     
         
      P T >
 

   

P()           
o1 
 
   



      
       
  max (

 3    
          
  P() > PT (mo 




   
   

   


         01    
      
 




P

P

Pm1
Pm2
PT

Pm1
Pm2
PT

1
2

O

O



o1 'o1 max


o1 o1



max





t

t
H ình 1.3a

Hình 1.3b

 

 
  


  
 
 . 


 
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6





 
  
   
   
    
       
 
1.3    

    max  
 
 02      
   
   
 
  P T     
     

   
 

  PT). Sau k



 u P T > P()

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   
02  
 PT > P()     
 
2
            
       n 
        
      

PT    


   
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     thn thu
 
 2            


   
  

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   

  
 


          
   
 
         

   
            
không t          
 F
        2  
 
QT .          


    
  
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   

  


 
  

  
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
- 

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
      
    
         
   
- 

          

7






 

      

  
   
  

    

 
        


    
   


 
            
               
        
   



  
1.2 

 
1.2.1. La chu

                
               
 


máy phát, c
,   

 
Lyapunov .
1.2.2. nh theo Lyapunov




    
  
   
  
    
  


   

   

 
      
 

           
 
  
      
  
  

  
       
   

   


 theo Lyapunov.
 t    

  
                         
8







     
Xi = fi (x1 ,x2n-2)
  = (1,  , n)     
 
fi(x 1,x 2n1-3)
      

  
  xi =  i,
Xi                          
x i =  i, X i (0) = 0
    


 
trình vi phân

 


  x i = i, X i (0) = 0. 



    
  

      
         : khi |
 i - xi | <   | x i(t) -  i | <     t  i - i  
    

    


 
    

                 


         
 

 
    



    

    

 


   
  


 

  
   
   
  

 









Hình 1.4a

Hình 1.4b

.  

  

9






  

 
     





 

   
                

    
              



  

 
    
       th
 
  
   
  




  


   
  
  
         


    


 
     |  i - x i  | i - xi| < .  


    g   = |  i - xi |   

  

             

  
   



     
H thn c    

 
 

 









  

     



 

lim | xi (t)  ii | 0
t 



      


      
   



    
  
    
   
               
  

1.2.3.  

  

 


 
     

 
  
   

  
 

  



  


  
       
    i         
 
                        
  
10






         
                
       
r       

 


   
        

                

     

a. 






 
   
  

      
      
  1 ,x2n    


  
         


          
sau:
-  
    

 
   

  
  
    
    
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  
 
            
 
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 
-    
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
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
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    

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

      
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  
    
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 
 
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 
    
      




   
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  
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         

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

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 
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     
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    
n
n
dV
V dxi
V
fi ( x1 , x2 ,...xn )


dt
i 1 xi dt
i 1 xi

i (x1,x 2 n ):  
trình vi phân  
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