toán về ion ĐH CĐ các năm 07-09


B. GIẢI BÀI TOÁN BẰNG PHƯƠNG TRÌNH ION RÚT GỌN:
- Cần nắm bảng tan hay qui luật tan; điều kiện để phản ứng trao đổi
ion xảy ra: Sau phản ứng phải có chất không tan (kết tủa), chất điện li
yếu(H
2
O,CH
3
COOH…), chất khí.
- Khi pha trộn hỗn hợp X(nhiều dung dịch bazơ) với hỗn hợp Y(nhiều
dung dịch acid) ta chỉ cần chú ý đền ion OH
-
trong hỗn hợp X và ion H
+

trong hỗn hợp Y và phản ứng xảy ra có thể viết gọn lại thành: OH
-
+ H
+
→
H
2
O(phản ứng trung hòa)
- Ta luôn có :[ H
+
][ OH
-
] = 10
-14
và [ H
+

]=10
-a

⇔
pH= a hay pH=-log[H
+
]
- Tổng khối lượng dung dịch muối sau phản ứng bằng tổng khối
lượng các ion tạo muối.
Câu 1 ! "#$%&'( ))*+,+-!"#$!+).%
!+)

/0

&(%&1#+(&2

34+5))*+63+72+))*+
4859:)6+;$<
A. 1 =9> 9 :9
(Trích-ĐTTS Đại học khối A năm 2007)
Câu 2 ? @#$4 A!B=!+)CD1D+)11#+))*+,
&>2

34+59E72+))*+!+)

/0

%+F7G!))*+,<
'9>  =9  C. 75ml
:9.( 

(Trích-ĐTTS Cao đẳng khối B năm 2007)
Câu 3E?. ))*+H =!305

&.%A!0&.%D ))*+
H 

/0

&(%&.(%1#+)),9I2!*$+J!))*+,<
A. 2 =9. 9> :9
(Đề TSĐH-CĐ năm 2007-khối B)
Câu 4EK+2
!9 &L$-DL ))*+A0

.%!M
.
2A0
N9 &L$-DL ))*+A0

.%

/0

&(%!M


2A09=OA0P$Q 4R)S&++72+42T+U49
V!W!M
.
M


1O<
'9M

X&(M
.
=9M

X.&(M
.
9M

XM
.
D. V
2
=2V
1
(Đề TSĐH-CĐ năm 2007-khối B)
Câu 5 ! "#$%'( ))*+,+-!"#$!+)
.%!+)

/0

&(%1#+(&2

34+5))*+63+72+)
)*+4859:)+6+;$<
'9 B. 1 9 :9>
(Đề TSĐH-CĐ năm 2007-khối A)

Câu 6G!!O.&(! "#$N?4 Y%'N.( ))*+
"#$+-!))*+.%

/0

&L%Z1#+))*+'&.L
242

34+59[\1# \4!1#+P!$-<
'9& =9.&L 9>&L :9[O
]4+
Câu 7%?))*+'+-!

/0

^ .9. ))*+'
G!_!JNT( ))*+A!0&(%9AH?  "!+)<
A. [HCl]=0,15M;[H
2
SO
4
]=0,05M =9`aX&(%b`

/0

aX&(%
9`aX&(%b`

/0


aX&(% :9aX&.(%b`

/0

aX&.(%
Câu 8 ))*+'+-!&.(%

/0

&(%$-_!JDM2
))*+=+-!A!0&%=!305

&.%9I2!*+J!M<
'9&(2 B. 0,125lít 9.&(2 :9.&(2
%c1d) .

Câu 9 ))*+'+-!A0

^ .+)CD. 
A!0.%e1#!+))1P!$-+)C_!JD( =!305

&%9
AH? ++!+)))*+'<
'9`A0

aX&%b`aX&% =9`A0

aX&%b`aX&%
9`A0


aX&%b`aX&% D. [HNO
3
]=0,4M;[HCl]=0,2M
Câu 10E?( ))*+'+-!A0

&%&%D. ))*+
=+-!A!0.%=!305

&(%e))*+1#++;2e<
A. Acid =9=!fg 9E2 :94h+*1#+
Câu 11L&>"#$ \!

=!

+)COD.2))*++-!
A!

0

&(%3A

5

0

&(%P!&.! 4OJ!9E > =!305

.%
))*+P!$-9[\1#4OJ!72+42N!!<
'9&L(! b>&LL2 B. 98,5gam; 26,88 lít

9L&(! b&>LL2 :9&L(! b&>LL2
Câu 12 ))*+'+-!.%A0

%+)CD )
)*++-!A!0&L%[03+1!NOH?5e1#+))*+9=Oi
7G!))*++F> .%9AH?[0<
'9&% =9&(% C. 1,4M :9.&>%
Câu 13. ))*+,+-!

/0

%%G!_!JNT. ))*+
6H N!fgA!0=!305

Y!&! 4OJ!9AH?  "N!fg6
<
'9`A!0aX&%b`=!305

aX.% =9`A!0aX%b`=!305

aX&.%
9`A!0aX&%b`=!305

aX&.% D. NaOH]=4M;[Ba(OH)
2
]=1M
Câu 14:)+;$X9F$!ZNi1D+N!F7+;))+;$X9
A. 10 =9. 9. :9.
Câu 15:)A!0+;$X.+F$!ZN!F7+;))*++;$X
A. 10 =9. 9. :9.

Câu 16 ? @#$4 A!B=!+)CD1D+)11#+))*+,
&>2

34+59E72+))!+)

/0

%+F)U7G!))*+,<
'9.(  B. 75ml 9>  :9 
Câu 17 ))*+'+-!A0

.%

/0

&%G!D))*+=
+-!A!0%=!305

.%9E72+))*+=+F)U<
'9&(2 =9&>2 9&2 D. 0,07 lít
Câu 18"#$,H A!=!9G!! ! ,1D+1#+&>2

3T4+5
))*+697G!j1#))*+6+FN!2))*+%<
'9&.(2 =9&2 C. 0,075lít :9&.2
Câu 19:)*+,+-!A!0&>%=!305

&%9$+J!))*+,<
A. 13 =9. 9. :9
Câu 20E?))*+,+-!A!0&.%b=!305


&%D))*+63&%b


/0

&.%5^72+7))*+1#++;$X.<
A. V
X
:V
Y
=5:4 =9M
,
M
6
X( 9M
,
M
6
X( :9M
,
M
6
X>
Câu 21:;)) "))*++^+-!.3k5.3B59+))*+
H =!
k
&%
k
&lN

k
&A!
k
&/0

B
&
B
&A0

B
&0

B
9;))*+P!m<
'9=!/0

&A!&%0

&lN3A0

5

B. BaCl
2
, Na
2
CO
3
, MgSO

4
, Pb(NO
3
)
2
9=!3A0

5

&A!

/0

&%0

&lN

:9=!0

&A!A0

&%

&lN/0

Câu 22: E?.( ))%

&(%D( ))A!.%eH? n
B


))*+<
'9% =9.&(% 9.&(% D. 1 M
Câu 23:E?@))*+&%D

/0

&.%o..72+97
. ))*+1#++FN! ))*+=!305

&%9
%c1d) 

'9( 9 =9( 9 9( 9 :9
>( 9
Câu 24:7 ))*+'+-!"#$!h&%

/0

&.(%+FM2))*++-!"#$A!0&%=!305

&.%9I*+J!M
'9&.29 =9&(29 9&29 :9
&(29
Câu 25:7( ))*+'+-!"#$.%A0

&(%+F
( ))*++-!"#$A!0.%=!305

3%59I*+J!
'9.%9 =9.&%9 9.&(%9 :9

%
Câu 26: ))*++-!"#$&%A0

&.(%_!
JD( ))*++-!"#$A!0
.
3%5=!305



3%59+Y)
)*+P!$-1#+(&L! +Sp4!9I*
.


F1#
'9&.(%&(%9 =9&.%&.%9
9&%&.%9 :9&.%&%9
Câu 27:( ))*+'-!"#$=!305

&(%[0&(%
_!J ))*+=+-!"#$
.
3%5

/0



3%59/!$-

1#+>&>! 4OJ!9I*
.


F1#
'9&(%&>%9 =9&L(%&(%9
9&>%&(%9 :9&(%.%
Câu 28:%?))*+

/0

+;lX9AH? n2+J!))*+

/0


))*+
'9.
B
%9 =9(9.
B(
%9 (9.
B
%9 :9[h+
*9
Câu 29::)'+-!"#$&(%

/0

&(%9I*l))*+'

'9 =9.9 99 :9
.&
Câu 30:E? ))*+&(%D ))*+

/0

&>(%1#+
> ))*+'9l+J!))*+'
'9.&9 =9&9 9.9 :9
Câu 31:E? ))*+[0&(%D ))*+=!305

&(%
1#+L ))*+'9l+J!))*+'
'9.9 =9.9 9.9 9
Câu 32:E?@( ))*+&.%D( ))*+A!0&.%9l+J!
))*+1#+
'99 =9.9 9L9 :9
9
Câu 33:  ))*+

/0

&.%+)CD ))*+A!0
3%51#+))*++;lX.9I*+J!
'9&.%9 =9&%9 9&%9 :9
&%9
Câu 34:E?( ))*++-!"#$&L%

/0


&.%D( 
))*+A!0!%1#+( ))*++;lX.9I*!
'9&.%9 =9&.%9 9&.%9 :9
9.%9
Câu 35:E?( ))+-!"#$H &L%

/0

&.%D( 
))*+=!305

!%1#+ ! 4OJ!( ))*++;lX.9E2
!9
'9&(>L! &(%9 =9&LL! &%9
9&(L(! &>%9 :9[O]4+9
%c1d) 

Câu 36:  ))*+&(%.> ))*++-!Hd
=!305

&L%[0&%9l+J!))*+1#+
'99 =99 9.9 :9
.9
Câu 37:E? ))*++-!"#$&.%

/0

&(%D 
))*+=!305


+;H?! n21#+ ! 4OJ!( ))*++;
lX.9I*! F1#
'9&.(%&! 9 =9&.(%&>! 9
9&%&(! 9:9[O]4+9
Câu 38:))*+'+-!"#$

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&.%A0

&%&))*+=+-!
"#$=!305

&%[0&.%9qS!2))*+'+N2))*+=
1#+.2))*++;lX.9I*!&NF1#
'9&(2&(29 =9&>2&29
9&2&>29 :9&2&29
Câu 39: ))*+,+-!"#$

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
!%&.%+)CD
 ))*+6+-!"#$=!305

N%[0&(%1#+&! 4O
J!))*+r+;lX.9I*+J!!NF1#
'9&.%&.%9 =9&%&%9
9&%&% :9&(%&(%9
Câu 40:! \r


&

'A0



01#+4OJ!sL&
! ))*+,;4+G'
k
W!9E ,&2))*+A!0
.%1#+4OJ!6s&((! ))*+r9420

)1))*+r
1#+4OJ! 442O4\1#481#++Sps
&(! 9[\1#'A0

N!F
'9.! 9 =9! 9 9(.! 9 :9
4O]4+9
Câu 41:%?))*+'+-!"#$'A0

&.%lN3A0

5

&(%&))*+=
+-!"#$&%A!&(%9))*+=. ))*+'7
1#+4OJ!DS1#+ ! +Sp9E72+))*+=+F+.
))*+'* 
'9L .&(! 9=9. &L(! 9

9. .&(! 9 :9L &L(! 9
Câu 42:%?"#$,H t



!1D++))*+'9!
' $FNi!9$F.+)CD&(2))*+'A0

&%
1#+.&! 4OJ!9$F+)CD))*+A!0)11#+4OJ!9
qS4OJ!442O4\1#481#+! +Sp9
[\1#+J!t



"#$,
'9&(! &(! 9 =9>&(! L&.! 9
9.&>(! &(! 9 :9[O]4+9
Câu 43: E?. ))3H =!305&.%A!0&.%5D ))*+
3H 

/0

&(%&.(%5&1#+))*+,9I*$+J!))*+
,
 '99 =99 . .9 :. >9
Câu 449E72+))*+&%+F7. ))*+"#$A!0
&.%=!305

&.%

'9. 9 =9.(  9  :9
( 
Câu 4597( ))*+"#$&.%

/0

&%+FN!
))*+"#$H A!0&%=!305

&%<
'9( 9 =9( 9 9.( 
%c1d) 

:9( 
Câu 46.&(! ))=!305

u! ))+

/0

&v+Nw4OJ!9
7$F1D+v+
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'9u9 =9(u9 9u9 :9(.u
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Câu 509 !  ?"#$A!
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Câu 51 : ))*+
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Câu 567!&! "#$H t0&t
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Câu 57&.! "#$,H N!4 Y%&'T)YN?+)C
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