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GVHD: Ths. Nguyễn Thị Phương Anh Đề tài: Vật liệu gốm
BỘ CÔNG THƯƠNG
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CÔNG NGHIỆP THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH
CƠ SỞ MIỀN TRUNG- KHOA CÔNG NGHỆ
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SVTH: Trần Hữu Thái Trang 4
GVHD: Ths. Nguyễn Thị Phương Anh Đề tài: Vật liệu gốm
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SVTH: Trần Hữu Thái Trang 5
GVHD: Ths. Nguyễn Thị Phương Anh Đề tài: Vật liệu gốm
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SVTH: Trần Hữu Thái Trang 14
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SVTH: Trần Hữu Thái Trang 15
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SVTH: Trần Hữu Thái Trang 21
GVHD: Ths. Nguyễn Thị Phương Anh Đề tài: Vật liệu gốm
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SVTH: Trần Hữu Thái Trang 22
GVHD: Ths. Nguyễn Thị Phương Anh Đề tài: Vật liệu gốm
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SVTH: Trần Hữu Thái Trang 23
GVHD: Ths. Nguyễn Thị Phương Anh Đề tài: Vật liệu gốm
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SVTH: Trần Hữu Thái Trang 24

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