yen lac summer 2011 pps

TYPES OF SENTENCES.
YEN LAC, 15 AUG. 2011.
To make your writing more
interesting, you should try to vary
your sentences in terms of length
and structure. You can make some
of your sentences long and others
short. Read the two paragraphs on
the next page.
Read the paragraphs below. Choose the
paragraph that is more effective.
Two Paragraphs
I love living in the city. I have a wonderful view of the
entire city. I have an apartment. I can see the Golden Gate
Bridge. I can see many cargo ships pass under the bridge
each day. I like the restaurants in San Francisco. I can find
wonderful food from just about every country. I don’t like
the traffic in the city.
I love living in the city of San Francisco. I have a
wonderful view of the entire city from my apartment window.
In addition, I can see the Golden Gate Bridge under which
many cargo ships pass each day. I also like San Francisco
because I can find wonderful restaurants with food from just
about every country; however, I don’t like the traffic in the
city.
1. Ecology is a science.
2. Because pollution causes cancer.
3. To protect the environment.
4. After working day.
5. She was very sad.
6. Making your essay better.

ARE THESE CLAUSES ?
Clauses are the building blocks of
sentences. A clause is a group of words that
contains (at least ) a subject and a verb.
Ex: Ecology is a science.
Because pollution causes cancer.
……

WHAT IS A CLAUSE ?
There are two kinds of clauses :
independent and dependent.
How many kinds of clause?

A clause that can stand by itself and still
express a complete thought.

It can be its OWN sentence, or be part of a
larger one:
◦
Jerry wants to be the quarterback
this week. (simple sentence)
◦
Jerry wants to be the quarterback
this week, but Jimmy thinks he will
be. (compound sentence)
Independent clauses
•
A clause that cannot stand by itself.
•
It depends on something else, an

independent clause, for its meaning.
•
It begins with a subordinator.
Dependent Clauses

Examples:
◦
While the kangaroo crossed the
road, the tourists stayed inside their
cars.
◦
The man who is coaching that team
is my father.
◦
What the team needs now is a
championship!

Subordinate clauses can act as
adjectives, adverbs or nouns.
Dependent Clauses
PRACTICE 1.
A sentence is a group of words that you use to
communicate your ideas. Every sentence is
formed from one or more clauses and
expresses a complete thought.
There are basically four kinds of sentences in
English: simple, compound, complex, and
compound- complex. The kind of sentence is
determined by the kind of clauses used to form
it.

KINDS OF SENTENCES
A simple sentence has one
independent clause
(one subject and a verb):
I live in San Francisco.
The Simple Sentence
Subject
Verb
Subject + verb (SV):
Different parts of the brain may
be ready to learn at different
times.
Processes of learning and the
transfer of learning are central to
understanding people’s development
of their important competencies.
Subject + subject + verb (SSV):
The subjects were given 30 minutes
to discuss the solutions within the
group and were told to present their
ideas in front of the class.
Subject + verb + verb (SVV):
Two or more groups work on the same
task independently and then come
together to compare strategies.
Subject +subject + verb + verb
(SSVV):
1. Write two simple sentences with one subject
and one verb.
2. Write two simple sentences with one subject

and two verbs.
3. Write two simple sentences with two
subjects and two verbs.
PRACTICE 2.
A
compound sentence
contains two
independent clauses that are joined together.
She works in the city, but she lives in the suburbs.
Compound Sentence
Independent Clause
Independent Clause
You can make a
compound sentence
by
joining two logically related independent clauses
by using…
- a semicolon
- a coordinator
- a conjunctive adverb
Compound Sentence
Independent Clause ; Independent Clause
I love living in the city ; there are so many
things to do.
Using a Semicolon
Independent ClauseIndependent Clause
Independent Clause ,coordinator Independent Clause
He couldn’t watch the show , so he decided to tape
it.
Using a Coordinator

Independent Clause
Independent Clause
Coordinators
Logical Relationship Coordinating
Conjunction
Addition And
Contrast But, yet
Choice Or, nor
Cause For
Result So

For  F

And  A

Nor  N

But  B

Or  O

Yet  Y

So  S
FANBOYS
Another way to remember these is…
Do NOT use a comma every time you use the words
and, or, but, nor, for, so, yet
. Use a comma only
when the coordinator joins two independent clauses.

CAUTION!
Independent Clause
No comma- not an
independent clause
The necklace was beautiful but expensive.
Simple Sentence
Independent Clause ; conjunctive adverb , Independent
Clause
I love San Francisco ; however, I hate the
traffic.
Using a conjunctive adverb
Independent Clause
Independent Clause
Click here to see lists of conjunctive advs.