Nghiên cứu khả năng sinh trưởng, phát triển, chống chịu, năng suất của một số dòng, giống ngô nếp trong vụ xuân 2008 tại trung tâm nghiên cứu giống cây trồng tứ hạ, huyện hương trà, tỉnh thừa thiên huế

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NÔNG LÂM HUẾ
KHOA NÔNG HỌC
BÁO CÁO
TỐT NGHIỆP
TÊN ĐỀ TÀI
Nghiên cứu khả năng sinh trưởng, phát triển, chống chịu, năng suất
của một số dòng, giống Ngô Nếp trong vụ xuân 2008 tại trung tâm nghiên
cứu giống cây trồng Tứ Hạ, huyện Hương Trà, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế.

NĂM: 2008
PHẦN I
MỞ ĐẦU
1. Đặt vấn đề
Zea may 
!"#$%&'() *+,-./0"123!4
!567# -8+9+&:+;<=
7>=?+@$#A78B7=CAD805
7+0E8=F0GC7H(I8J+E/B+$K
#!567H!LE4=7MNOEP0
HQ#8=RA7HJ0S9+T&$
U=#!56V!"J+E/0"WMX7S/F+0
8Y=8#$
Z7S+7I0[4#+ 
0/0,8$[++\
808L"+!+]+I$[/*+"+G#
+=,4=!,=(!=!T=/<+-^,=/
($$$_7Q`/<+-^) 9$
0H!+E0E0F0GK4$a11b
:0[H7c=E+_L,
8B7=0- 8B7H0Q
7G98B7_7G+^+-8F/V0+J+E

/B+7S:F=;<=Ud+4$eZ7=8B7
7I/F7007$f(+4^8)
8=00/(-8*+F^+=C8$
;S/FF,G0409+-8+,G0
^0!"J+EF4H!+E0=L,,G0
F48B7.-C!"J+E8"7+G4C=
8\F0FG4E0=7"7+-8$
g0-=+c+9)C0J+E/B+=F
+,G08B776E8F9F,
G04$
:07,.,G04.,G0R+c
c+*+,E=!+(75/"H/#8
+4A!"J+EG4$:0F,G0R+cc
84FR=\(,,FR+c4$Zf(
V!56FR+c(C840=GF)844V+V!"
J+EF4$hVG0#[4(H!+E0=8B7
E4([S !,8A#876 +c+9
F,G04.E8"([R+c4=(/"H
/#80$
i+E8F\j(L+“Nghiên
cứu khả năng sinh trưởng, phát triển, chống chịu, năng suất của một số
dòng, giống Ngô Nếp trong vụ xuân 2008 tại trung tâm nghiên cứu giống cây
trồng Tứ Hạ, huyện Hương Trà, tỉnh Thừa Thiên Huế”.
2. Mục đích của đề tài
+FS=S .F=/"H4)+=
H!+EI^+9FR=4$
iF)#R=4(V,V7++,4
8k7+E80)C:\:U+$
PHẦN II
TỔNG QUAN CÁC VẤN ĐỀ NGHIÊN CỨU

1. Tình hình sản xuất, tiêu thụ và nghiên cứu ngô trên thế giới
*+,0/0c+$:
 =!"#EH!+E$a11b
?#^8QlX*+4=0((N^
 N+mn=:+d+4=ohI$a1b
0F86[I/0,0,G04F
,G04_,G0[40H!+E0F8
#+c+9)C"7"09+*+4$
:\6pXX3&G=!"#86H=..
+A[KH$%"#H7pXX3
GWqX$WMM+E=H7pXXqGMpM$q1N+E=H7pXXNGM1p$r1r
+E=H7pXXWGWlN$ppr+E$
:C ^1qp$Xqp
+=1qN$MNl+=1qN$qll+=1qq=3MM+$-!"#
H7pXXNH7pXXW("7!0H7pXXq0 ^
"7$
Bảng 1: Diện tích, năng suất và sản lượng ngô thế giới từ năm 2001 - 2006
Năm Diện tích
( Triệu ha )
Năng suất
( Tấn/ha )
Sản lượng
( Triệu tấn )
pXX1 13l$Xrq qppM$qN W1N$Mrr
pXXp 13r$3W1 q3Wq$Nq WX3$rr3
pXX3 1qp$Xqp qN1X$ql WqX$WMM
pXXq 1qN$MNl qllX$N1 MpM$q1N
pXXN 1qN$qll qrll$Nq M1p$rrr
pXXW 1qq$3MW qr1N$3l WlN$ppr
+^stuv=pXXM

:0(=!"#9;<Gpq1$3MM+E73l$pO!"
#0=+d+4G11q$pNM+E=ohIG13$1WX
+E=mnGq1$lNN+E=uwG1N$3Nl+E=;w0G
pX$13q+E$
%"#H0[H7*+7I8c0
H 9+F8FV=8c0HH
!+E$;<(#!"#-0H!+E9;<0
l3$NlG20/(H!+E97I!4$xrM$prG2=
:+d+4N3$WNG2=ohI1l$3rG2=;wJ0pl$WWG2$$$-!&'
:+d+4=mnohI[*+4( ^E
.pM1q3.=1pWXp.=MNlX.=!"#
EE80H!+E0$U9+A0H
+=F8FV(8_!56MXylXO!"
#0H+@F8lXOz;<rlOaq1b$
Bảng 2: Tình hình sản xuất ngô trên thế giới trong năm 2005 - 2006
H7

pXXN pXXW
g
 
+
H
!+E
G2
%"
#
+E
g
: 
+


H
!+E
E2

%"
#
+
E
;< 3X$3ll l$prM prp$31X pr$NlX l$3WX pWM$Nlr
:+
d+4
pW$3Ml N$prr 13l$pX1 pM$1q3 N$3WN 1qN$WpN
mn 11$Nql 3$XqX 3N$113 1p$WXp 3$3r3 qp$W31
;wJ0 W$WXW p$MpW 13l$NX1 M$33M p$lWW p1$MWq
@F8 1$WNr r$pNq 13$WrM 1$NXp r$NrW 1p$lX1
ohI M$q3X 1$lXM 1q$1Mp M$NlX 1$l3r 1q$M1X
x 1$113 l$3Wr 1X$qpM 1$1Xr r$Mpl l$WM1
? 1$XlN r$W3q l$qWX 1$Xl3 r$qrX l$pWr
:

X$q1q l$lqq q$11l X$3N3 l$MrM 3$qWX
:F 1$X33 3$MWX 3$rrW X$rlr q$11W 3$WlW
Z
7
1$XNp 3$NWl 3$MNW 1$X31 3$MXp 3$r1l
? 13q=3X 11p=3X 1NXM=MM 1p3=qX 111=rq 13r1=rl
h qq3=1X lp=1q qXrp=MX qX1=XX rX=31 3ppX=3X
x!w q=W3 1pr=lX NlWM=1X q=W3 1NX=Mp Wl=Mr
+^stuv$%:u:=pXXM$

:0[H7c=h7>#FF7I0[
/+(7H0H!+E0/+?+>:Fm.g
$ZG40!"J+E_70H!+E
!"#HF/V$[(!"#00/+
xJ@88=!0H!+E0EG+I:F
Z7tuv$%:u:=pXXM$
2. Tình hình nghiên cứu và sản xuất ngô trong nước.
*+,!+L&Z7$#
A70C=H0H+J+E/B+$:0
/0"1lrNy1ll1H!+Ek70/0"1=qMy1=NWE2$
H!+ERE8+.F8FVp=qE2=+
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J+Ek7F4)8!56+
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7/"074-8IK,G0F*+
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/+=_([ H!+E$
Bảng 3. Tình hình sản xuất ngô ở Việt Nam giai đoạn 2001-2006
H7 g 
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pXX3 l1p=M 3=qq 313W=3
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pXXN 1XNp=W 3=33 3MNW=3
pXXW 1X31=W 3=3W 3r1l=q

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Bảng 4: Tình hình sản xuất ngô ở một số tỉnh khu vực Miền Trung
Tỉnh,
thành phố
g 
.
H!+E
G2
%"#
.E
2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006 2004 2005 2006
Thanh Hóa
W3$MXX WN$3XX W3$rXX 3$rWX 3$MqX 3$WNX pqN$lXX pqq$pXX
p33$XX
X
Nghệ An
WX$3XX Wq$qXX WM$1XX 3$WXX 3$3lX 3$q3X p1M$3XX p1r$WXX
p3X$qX
X
Hà Tĩnh

l$1XX 11$1XX M$rXX 3$1qX p$lNX p$qqX pr$WXX 3p$MXX 1l$XXX
Quảng Bình
3$lXX q$1XX q$MXX q$p1X 3$W1X q$XpX 1W$qXX 1q$rXX 1r$lXX
Quảng Trị
p$WXX p$lXX 3$XXX p$XXX p$XXX p$XMX N$pXX N$rXX W$pXX
TT Huế
1$qXX 1$rXX 1$rXX 3$XXX p$r3X 3$NXX q$pXX N$1XX W$3XX
Đà Nẵng
X$rXX X$rXX X$rXX N$MNX N$pNX N$rrX q$WXX q$pXX q$MXX
Quảng Nam
1X$MXX 1X$NXX 11$WXX q$X1X q$1MX q$1WX qp$lXX q3$rXX qr$pXX
Quãng Ngãi
l$NXX l$rXX 1X$pXX q$qNX q$MWX q$lpX qp$3XX qW$WXX NX$pXX
Bình Định
M$pXX M$WXX M$rXX 3$lMX q$qpX q$M3X pr$WXX 33$WXX 33$lXX
+^sF74/8Z7=pXXM
3. Tình hình nghiên cứu và sản xuất ngô tại Thừa Thiên Huế.
?#C:\:U+^\+C=S
8\+:\:U+_Q48?^U4S
H0#C+A+I$‚V\H71lWr!+/C
hG,8xx+V\UmD0U++((89
C0f7S8(+($:..
!"J+E&(++V*+,$
‚+7:+(+:\:U+(
K() *+,p!+LH!+E!"#E8
+.*++9"$H71llq ;
:+lN1XX71M$rO "H!+EfG
1W=MG2aNb$+0 RGf7pW=lO
Q a1lb$
Bảng 2.4:Tình hình sản xuất ngô ở Thừa Thiên Huế từ năm 2000-2006

H7 g 1XXX H!+EG2 %"  #
1XXXE
pXXX 1$p pp$N p$M
pXX1 1$3W pq$3 3$q
pXXp 1$qpW pM$l 3$l
pXX3 1$3qW 3X$3 3$l
pXXq 1$3r1 3X$W q$p
pXXN 1$r pr$N N$1$
pXXW 1$rXM qX$X M$p
[H7c=!"J+E_# *+84U+L
, =H!+E!"#Hc$g H7pXX10
H7pXX3H!+E!"#E87I8c0+/
/ -+C=E/+-#=8c0C&!5
6F4)80F(0H!+EE8$h
H7pXXpF4H!+E0#0!"J+EA.
I9C#0 ^_HpXX!0
H7pXXXH!+E=!"#+H.
4. Một số nghiên cứu về cây ngô nếp.
4.1. Nghiên cứu về tập đoàn giống ngô nếp.
87I0l0869-80Zeamays. :w080G
9+:,+1lWN=:+d+4$C0k^&
EJE+&;h_8F!I7J+E7I8c
I7&0G(G7GFGIG0
8a1lb$
eZ7=\[H71lM3Z+_J7I
*+<w+[/0"qXX7]+468E00((1NX
7]+4)83XX7]+484a1lb$
U[+:.1ll1y1llW!5688F88 (7
+#/*+"(1q48D7mD3(7=pr4
877q(7=1q48Z7q

(7=1X48 7Z73(7a1lb$
+jZH:+1lMX+)8Gp1f8 
mDEk0Q!QpMN7]+(1lX7]+F7ƒWl=XlO=(
MX7]+87MN=qOa1Xb$
@G7h^d+"I!/+F4^0"
_Ek=H7pXX3= 81p=Xrr71=rMO=
8Ar=XlM71=pNO=8Zpq=Wlp7X=M3O=8
p=3Wp7X=3MO=8;iqp=XM37X=3pO=8
;ip1=3pX7X=1lO$H7pXXq ^81=Mpl7
X=q3O=8)8M=XpX71=MqO=8Aq=WN17
1=1WO=8Zp1=NM37X=3lO=8;iq1=NNM7
X=3lO=8;ip1=qNp7X=3WNOapMb$
4.2. Nghiên cứu về chọn tạo và khảo nghiệm giống ngô nếp.
U= ^8H/F=/0"1XO 
^9"=9+468E07I!44
/*+aprb$;I!448_#-0
!"J+E0"$
~48Zp_#:cU^}=@i+U0IF
,,\F48%p=8:=8d+"7yh
„8:%=Z'@L\6J+1llp$~4_#
^+&Ff8 D8 7$~4(C!&
D=D84=H!+E/F0=(/"H)+G=)++
8•=4_Q/F= !+$
~48Ay10@G7:)…)FIF+IZ
/0,/<+-8;7,,w088F8†D8
"‡=\Q#88h^x8u~*+N+/ˆ$?+
0E8=H!+E0=F(1p=1E2=/F/
kj)!+68F0G$
8‰uipp=‰ui33=‰uiqqF40?
%w:F=Z7G0=-8I0#8Q0

[H7pXXX=pXX1pXXp$?F4‰ui(H!+E0=E#
Š0=77=4)++!A4=/Ff!Daplb$
d+NH7+=:cZH;I!_86F4
8?^Uk88F8,,$:*++-8L
48?^U=,FVpy36=!+(FFR+-\F
*+cV4‹#8$?,FVM86FR‹
G+86,,$:\(_G07I!4#R84
808L=G0+^-+/&c+E40G04aqpb$
d+pH7*+.+V,7S936^
8AJ=F/<!+4^9ChG,?c:=
_86FG+^4+98AJ0
!"J+EG$d+^57Ek8AJ([
S 4s:C!&D=+0\8"=^+=
Q_=FY8=G=+SF8AJ7=0#
C+A $0G8AJ^#*+H7
AERE8A#84P9AEZ+=h^:F8
aqNb$
mGF4_#-8Q0!"J+E=)
C(F48-8Is~7wXX1=~7‰JX1p=
:1Wr$
5. Cơ sở lý luận và thực tiễn.
5.1. Cơ sở lý luận.
:0!"J+E8=VHH!+E!"#^.
(V!56F8F8/+(A!F=,C6 
#8=(8#8T=4=c9=H7!(4=!56+4
"0-LL=/)8C$$$$:+F8F8f7H
H!+E07IG7H94=7+4(H!+E0.
8",44$
:0,G04^=VG044F,4_
"*+74*+8G8[F G0V^

74*+[7C^$k7G04H!+E0=Q
)=8B7E4=4)+!++/0G"E+-
*+0CG0=IIV=,,=$$$$
E0,4!56+VG04$
:0E/ˆ7I+.,40/+c+8"
G0R+c=7+4([4(+0.L
8"([R+c4=(-+c+VF
8w0$
:0V,G0#7IR+LE/(/H$g0-
,,=FFFSV7.F=/"H4)+=SV7
68E=6H!+E9FRA*+,=RŒF
,G048"CJ+=FFw0•7IF
f7f=7F8|857V,FR+L$g0-F,
G0R]#k7G0#[R+L$:!&(=
L86FF/"0!FF4=R(
V86,[R+LEV8660F5/"H
/#8&0G!+$
5.2. Cơ sở thực tiễn.
:\:U+7I0[f( ^0
"$:0(=F4877I 0Q
 ^9f$?8_(7S&\E+C9
+49)8=H!+EE#/0$:0/(=
GAE(7HV8FV8k7+E8+^
++VF7(S!"0/F+)•D8=D8
=D8+I$$$
;I0[/(/H08FV8G:\:
U+I48RE•0=F8#76+9)
C$;S/F=7I!447I!448(8B7E0=_(
7SG:\:U+\E+_)0F0=8B7E
H!+E)"7!L7,$Z.-=+=,G07

+c7I!4R=48(H!+E0=8B7E4 #8
+// -+:\:U+V0/+/ 7&I!"=
0+-89CE/"*+E8$

PHẦN III
VẬT LIỆU, NỘI DUNG VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU
1. Vật liệu nghiên cứu
: 7#NR4N=
0(E48?^U74$
Công thức Dòng, giống Nguồn gốc
xh4 ~48?^U ::U+
xx gR?U1X hU7U+
xxx gR?UN hU7U+
xZ gR?Up hU7U+
Z ~48:? u
2. Nội dung nghiên cứu.
i+E8F\76 9=I++^7FEs
p$1+/"H!&8FV9FR=4
8$
p$p+/"H4)+!+/"H4Q9
FR=48$
p$3+F+4E+H!+EH!+E97I!4R=
48$
p$q+I^+9FR=48$
3. Phương pháp nghiên cứu.
3.1 Phương pháp bố trí thí nhiệm.
3$1$1$ : 7#4 w088F800]+…?g
N=3cDG$
%^4  7$
Bảo vệ

Ia IIa IVa IIIa Va
Bảo vệ
IIb IVb Vb Ib IIIb
Bảo vệ
IIIc Ic IIc Vc IVc
Bảo vệ

3$1$p$g  7M7
p
N7J1$q77‹w0
3$1$3$‚0"FysMX7
3$1$q$‚0"Fys3X7$
3$1$N$;‹4w03Gw0.7F+$
3$1$W$?Ff+w0•#w0•]+1X97‹
 7#D7,w0•$
3$1$M$?Ff+w0•#+-8kF*+D07
8^+I$
3.2. Điều kiện thí nghiệm
3.2.1.Đất thí nghiệm.
: 7#4 EF8G+7+4
^UG=+U:=f:\:U+.
3.2.2. Diễn biến khí hậu thời tiết.
‚ -+C+4"&C6=/"H!&8F
V4)+=F+4E+H!+EH!+E8B7E
9$
Ž&9/ -+C 706J+pXXr#
.*+"!+$
Bảng 3.1. Diễn biến khí hậu, thời tiết trong vụ Xuân 2008
?f+
:F

I
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1
hc+ 1l$N pr$l 1N$W lX WM 3 pW$M pp
~[ pX$N 3p$N 1W$X lp qN N Nr$W 3N
?+4 1l pW$1 1W$q l3 Wp r WW$p pp
p
hc+ 1N$N pX 13$p lq rN r 1q$M X
~[ 1W pX 13 lp rp r 1N X
?+4 1M$p pq$3 13$q lW r3 l N3$N X
3
hc+ 1l p3 1N lp rX N 3X pX
~[ p3 3X$1 1r$N rl W3 p X$p WN
?+4 p3$M 3N$r 1r rr rM W q1$q qM
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hc+ pN$l 3W$3 p1$p rX Nl p W3
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hc+
~[
?+4
+^s:+7/ #9H:\:U+
:F12pXXr=f:\:U+_)+"&9N#
// G// GHC0F1yp=1qy1N=ppypq=
pMypr31$g0-|78ACJ+JB=C7+/|0$
:Fp2pXXr86)+!/49// Gq#
HC0Myr=11y1p=1My1rpWypM$%+4F/(7I.
D=C+7=(7=C86|G/|0$
hSV79CFpIE8=E8E/V\H7
1lNW$:C/[(FI7GF0GI
J_I7RG0!"J+E98$
g0+/C-0CL
w0$
%F37SAGU+R)+"&9// G!+
+CK([+V $?"F(13pC
D=CE7c$-E!+V+-#9C
L_w000Gc+Fq23$:0C
!4CD_HG0+/4+-#0!"7c7
9G$Z00G+4F=C86+Vw0+
+-#=C-!&8FV4$
:0Fq2pXXr=c+FCj4DE7+-#
08FV$~[F0"&9#// GH
C0p3ypN2qCQ=70"F=7I!4
70E0$?+4FCDE7=Jw/Š(7=+-#0
••••••$
3.2.3. Quy trình kỹ thuật.
d+./<+-#F86w0†d+8G7/"074
1X:?yq1py1rmI88FV‡$

3$p$3$1$7E
hE#7J48=k8`=S!GŒG(_0F
$
3$p$3$p$:C6
Z6J+pXXr= 7#w00q232pXXr
3$p$3$p$@(
#8(01$1XE8+^•1pX/•lX/@
p
v
N
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/‚
p
v•qXX/I$
3$p$3$3$#($
m(($1XXO@+^•1XXO••123G7$
m(L$?7c($
:Lc1s‚3Fs123G7•12p/$
:Lcps‚MFs123G7•12p/$
3$p$3$q$?H7!($
c1s‚#3yNFsZ+J*+4/#8(L#1$
cps‚#MylFsiJF0Œ/#8(+#p$@"
LTc9=S00GQC=+8E=8++
 ![$
3$p$3$N$@R\!+$
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3.2.4. Các chỉ tiêu theo dõi.
;‹ 7E1Xw0NV7|0(Vw0•$gA,w
D7!FF(F!4\11XVw0•$
:w0•[f+!+$

• :C!&s
y~w07,s‚(NXO!47,$
y~w03Fs‚(NXO!4(3F$
y~w0MFs‚(NXO!4(MF$
y~w0J0D,s‚(NXO!4J0D,$
y~w0QCs‚(NXO!4QC$
y~w0+8Es‚(NXO!4+8E$
y~w08++s‚(NXO!4(+p‘37$
y~w0 ![s‚(NXO!4 ![$
y~w0 !F8s‚(NXO!4 !F8$
• ?f+!&=8FV$
y%4FsgA!FE+FN/V"F7c7F1XV
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y?+07sh0\47LF0EVE+0\
C/ˆ=w0•1X7Ic$
yg F(D8sh0+I0&) IE9F=+
08F$h0L ![$
• ZFS.F$
y?+0+4A9sh0\4!F7SEV7Dc+8
F9C/ ![= !F8VE+0+4A$
y?+0(D87sh0\4!F7SE) (D8
A0L !F8= ![$
y:Q!4F9sE!4F+4A9/_QC$
y?+D87sh0\c+D87LD8$h0D89Fw0
•$
yhC/ D87sh0&8c[9D8$h0D89Fw0
•$
ygGD8s?0V71‘NL+0Gs
hV714EsmD8.6=G+=7L8c+=! G=/!+$
hV7pND8JE+c=V7NGJE+E$

yhFFFs?0V71‘NL+0G
hV714sF89/ c+D8=S$
hV7p/FsF89\/ c+D8$
hV73&c+s@9/S$
hV7q&Gs‚89D8=&&c+G$
hV7Ns‚E8-#=GIŒc+D8=FJE+$
ygGGshF=[F=FH=H$
y;+!DGs:D=G==-7=Œ=+Œ= 7$
y;+!D•s:D=+=Œ$
• H!+EF+4E+H!+E$
y%4D8[++sh70IF($
y%4D8sh7FD89w0•$
y%4Gsh77‹D87I9Fw0•$
y:,#1XXXG7$
• Z/"H4)+!+$
y%+6s:w0•0GQC !F8$: ƒO!4
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y%+6D8s:w0•\/8++ $: ƒ8cH7!4
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y…8Cs:w0•0CQC$?0V7\1‘N$
hV71s‚)$
hV7psX’1NO!4)8$
hV73s1N‘3XO!4)8$
hV7qs3X‘NXO!4)8$
hV7Ns“NXO!4)8$
ym47F47FŒs:w0•0GJ0D,QC$
?0V7\1‘N$
hV71sX‘NO!4F)$
hV7psN‘1NO!4F)$
hV73s1N‘3XO!4F)$

hV7qs3X‘NXO!4F)$
hV7Ns“NXO!4F)$
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y: 8cH7!4)7I(3X
0
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3.2.6. Xử lý thống kê kết quả thí nghiệm
Kết quả thí nghiệm được xử lý trên phần mềm SXW
PHẦN IV
KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ THẢO LUẬN
1. Khả năng sinh trưởng, phát triển của các giống, dòng ngô nếp
1.1. Thời gian sinh trưởng của các giống, dòng ngô nếp
;+4^G^8"!&8FV=(*+F.!
T=!(Q#8j8G8=6=(*+/"H 
KE/V..F9F==G=$$$$:C
!&8FV)+!FI94=C6=+// -+
E/<+-F$+C!&08|8JF
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FS 9L=*+(LJF)C6w0^=7-Iw0
^F8F8/<+-7#8T0\A=\)
8$h^C(!&*+,0/V7)=+
,G04$
d+w0•C!8FV9F4=R
7L+#/*+"&m"1$