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HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS




TRUONG THI BACH YEN





SOURCING commune OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE
WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES AT PRESENT PERIOD



Specialty : Building the Communist Part of Vietnam
Code : 62 31 23 01





SUMMARIZED DOCTORAL DISSERTATION
IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

HA NOI - 2014
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The Project is completed
at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics






Scientific supervisor: 1. Prof.Dr. Nguyen Van Giang
2. Dr. Ngo Kim Ngan





Reviewer 1:


Reviewer 2:

Reviewer 3:


The Dissertation is upheld before the Academy-leveled Dissertation Examination
Council at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics.

At : on 2014










Further information about the Dissertation available at :
National Library and Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Library
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FOREWORDS

1. Necessity of the subject
Western Highlands is a strategic area of the whole country. The body of officials and
civil servants as ethnic minorities accounts for 30.15% of total number of grass-root officials
and civil servants, presently takes very important role in social development and stability at the
Western Highlands, especially at communes where ethnic minorities are populating.
Confronting to requirement of speeding up the course of building the new rural areas in the

direction of industrialization and modernization, the body of commune officials and civil
servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands are facing insufficiency and restriction.
Quantity, composition, competence, qualification and level of meeting job's requirements of
the whole body have not been synchronous yet. A direct reason of such situation is resulted
from the fact that quality of sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities
is insufficient, thus overcoming such reason is an important and necessary task of the Party
executive committees, governments and unions at the Western Highlands in the present work
of building the body of cadres.
Springing from such situation, I choose the issue of "Sourcing commune officials and
civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces in the present period" as
subject of the Doctoral Dissertation in Political Science, specialty in Building the Communist
Party of Vietnam, with the desire of clarifying reality and reasoning, promoting the sourcing of
commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands to be better
and better.
2. Research target and task of the Dissertation
* Target: Clarifying issues of reasoning and reality of the sourcing of commune
officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands at the present period,
suggesting critical solutions for promoting the sourcing of the body of cadres as for 2020.
* Task: Over-viewing research related to the subject; generalizing situation, features
and roles of officials and civil servants and source of commune officials and civil servants as
ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands; clarifying concept, content, manner and roles of
sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands
provinces; evaluating actual situation of source of and sourcing commune officials and civil
servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands; withdrawing reason of the actual
situation, experiences and reality-related problems to be addressed; proposing main directions
and solutions to promote the sourcing of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic
minorities at the Western Highlands provinces as for 2020.
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3. Objects and scope of research under the Dissertation

* Objects of research: Sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic
minorities at the Western Highlands provinces.
* Scope of research: Five provinces of the Western Highlands; period from the time
when the Cadres Strategy at the period of industrialization and modernization was launched to
now; directions and solutions as for 2020.
4. Reasoning, reality basis and method of research
4.1. Reasoning and reality basis
* Reasoning basis: The Dissertation is performed relying on reasoning basis of the
Marxism - Leninist, the Ho Chi Minh ideology and viewpoints of the Party in term of
personnel work, personnel sourcing; succession of announced results of related scientific
projects.
* Reality basis: The Dissertation is researched from reality of building the body of
cadres in general, sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the
Western Highlands in particular, which have been presented at statistic reports and tables of the
Party organizations, governments, unions and other related agencies, and result of direct
inspection and survey.
4.2. Method of research under the Dissertation
On the methodology basis of the Marxism - Leninist; research methods of jointed and
specific sciences such as logic-history, analysis-synthesis, system, statistics-comparison,
inspection, survey, reality summing-up and specialist interview are applied comprehensively.
5. New scientific contribution of the Dissertation
- Clarifying concept, content and method for sourcing the commune officials and civil
servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces.
- Withdrawing experiences and problems to be addressed in sourcing the commune
officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces in the last
years.
- Suggesting two specific and feasible solutions to promote the sourcing of commune
officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities as for 2020: Firstly, strengthening, developing
and assigning detail jobs for the system of ethnic boarding schools, training and education
institutions at the Western Highlands to participate in sourcing the commune officials and civil

servants as ethnic minorities. Secondly, building, strengthening and bringing into play the role
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of the political systems at communes, reputed people in the ethnic minorities at hamlets and
villages in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities.
6. Real meanings of the Dissertation
The Dissertation's research results can be used as references, helping the party
executive committee to promote the sourcing of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic
minorities at the Western Highlands. It is also used as references for researching and learning
Building the Party in the system of Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics, provincial
political schools, political training centers of districts.
7. The Dissertation's structure: Apart from Forewords, Conclusions, List of the
author's scientific projects related to the subject, List of references and appendixes, main
contents of the Dissertation include Overview on research situation in relation with the subject
and three chapters and six items.


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OVERVIEW
RESEARCH SITUATION IN RELATION WITH THE SUBJECT
I. RESEARCH PROJECTS IN VIETNAM
1.1. Researches in relation with personnel work and personnel sourcing in general
Personnel work is described by various authors, affirming subject role, subject's
responsibilities and method at each stage. They are available typically with books titled
"Defining mechanism and standards of key leaders in the renovated political system" (1998) by
Tran Xuan Sam (chief author) and "Scientific foundation for qualification improvement toward
the body of officials at the stage of strengthening industrialization and modernization of the
country" (2001) by Nguyen Phu Trong, Tran Xuan Sam. A Ministry-leveled Project (1998-
1999) "Reasoning and reality basis for determining content, training program for key grass-

root officials at mountainous areas to meet revolutionary requirements at the present period"
by Dr. Tran Ngoc Uan as owner. A State-leveled project (2002)-07 "Reasoning and reality
basis for assessing, seconding leaders and managers in the period of industrialization and
modernization of the country" is undertaken by Prof. Dr. Tran Dinh Hoan.
Personnel sourcing is researched as a stage of the personnel work. Dr. Do Xuan Dinh
(1998) in "Sourcing in personnel planning" (Seminar "Some problems on the work of
personnel planning", Program KHXH.05), addresses two methods of sourcing: remote and
direct. A project "Personnel sourcing at remote and special difficulty-suffering areas - reality
and solutions" (KHBD (2009)-51) by MA. Tran Thi Huong and a Master Dissertation "Present
sourcing the district-leveled leaders and managers at Bac Lieu province" (2010) by Tran
Hoang Khai set up concept of source, sourcing; define contents of sourcing: finding, selecting,
assessing, planning; training, fostering, managing; arranging and employing.
1.2. Researches in relation with commune-leveled cadres, ethnic minority cadres
and sourcing ethnic minority cadres
Setting up body of commune-leveled cadres that pertains to role of the political system
is given attention by many scientists. It is available typically with books titled "Political
system at grass-root level and social life democratization at mountainous and ethnic minority
areas" by Nguyen Quoc Pham as Chief Author (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi,
2000); "Present political system at rural localities of our country" by Hoang Chi Bao (Political
Reasoning Publishing House, Hanoi, 2005); Ministry-leveled scientific project 2007 "Setting
up body of grass-root cadres under 5
th
Central Resolution (IX Session )" by Nguyen The Vinh,
etc.
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As determined by various authors, cadres as ethnic minorities are core of the personnel
work at mountainous and ethnic areas. It is available with books titled "Building the body of
cadres as ethnic minorities in our country at the period of strengthening industrialization and
modernization - Foundations and solutions" (2005) by Le Thi Phuong Thao, Nguyen Cuc,

Doan Hung (Political Reasoning Publishing House, Hanoi); "Present development of source of
cadres as ethnic minorities at Northern mountainous provinces in our country" by Lo Quoc
Toan (Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 2010), etc.
1.3. Researches in relation with the Western Highlands, ethnic minorities at the
Western Highlands and sourcing cadres at the Western Highlands
The Western Highlands and ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands with reality
and tend of development are interpreted by many authors, such as books titled "Some
reasoning and reality issues on nation and national relationship at the Western Highlands"
(2005) and "Building and strengthening great national unity at the Western Highlands" (2008)
by Truong Minh Duc (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi), "Culture, society and
people at the Western Highlands" (2005) by Nguyen Tan Dac (Social Sciences Publishing
House, Hanoi); "Some present issues on culture - society of ethnic minorities at the Western
Highlands" (2010) by Duong Thi Huong, Do Dinh Hang and Dau Tuan Nam as chief co-
authors (National Political Publishing House, Hanoi); "Village organizations and activities in
sustainable development at the Western Highlands" (2010) by Bui Minh Dao (Social Sciences
Publishing House, Hanoi).
Sourcing, building the body of ethnic minority cadres at the Western Highlands are
objects and targets of various projects. Typical books are titled "Psychological and cultural
features of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands affecting on building the body of ethnic
minority cadres at present" by Nguyen Hong Son, and others articles in book titled "Building
the body of cadres as ethnic minorities in our country at the period of strengthening
industrialization and modernization - Foundations and solutions" (2005) by Le Thi Phuong
Thao, Nguyen Cuc, Doan Hung (chief co-authors).
Reality and solutions for sourcing commune cadres as ethnic minorities at the
Western Highlands are reflected by various authors. Typically, they are "Qualification
improvement toward the human resource as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands"
(2009) Seminar organized by Da Nang University, with speeches titled: "Some issues on
qualification improvement toward human resource of cadres as ethnic minorities at the
Western Highlands" by Nguyen Ban, "The work of training, fostering and sourcing grass-root
cadres of Kon Tum province - Reality and solutions" by Kon Tum Department of Home

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Affairs; "Manner of tertiary education toward ethnic minorities through form of nomination"
by Dr. Doan Gia Dung; "It is necessary to renovate method of education toward students as
ethnic minorities" by Thai Thi Bich Van.
The work of sourcing commune cadres on each locality of the Western Highlands is
reflected with articles titled "Gia Lai attach much importance to training source cadres as
ethnic minorities for grass-root level " by Tran Ngoc Chi (Party Building Magazine Online, 9-
9-2007); "Gia Lai: Recruiting graduates to work at locality - Results and experiences" by Tran
Thiet (Party Building Magazine Online, 19-9-2011); "Sourcing the commune cadres at Lam
Ha" by Viet Trong (Lam Dong Online, 26-12-2010); "Seven years of realizing Decision
No.253/QD-TTg: "Commune cadres are 'rejuvenating' and 'standardizing' step by step" by
Duc Hung (Lam Dong Online, 11-04-2012); "Results and experiences in realization of ethnic
work on Dak Nong" by Tran Thanh Long (btd.daknong.gov.vn dated 15-11-2012); "Kon Plong
district Party Committee training preparatory source cadres for grass-root level" by Huynh
Trung Kim ((Party Building Magazine Online, 1-9-2006); "The work of national education
improved qualitatively" and "Place of sourcing ethnic minority cadres" (Website of Dak Lak
Department of Education and Training); "Dak Lak strengthen Party's leadership at rural areas,
villages and population groups" by Nguyen Phu Lap (Party Building Magazine Online, 7-8-
2012), etc. These are actual researches pertaining to each specific locality. It is responsible for
reviewing to general reasoning on sourcing officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities.
2. FOREIGN RESEARCH PROJECTS
2.1. Human resource (HR), HR quality and development are paid attention by
Japanese authors like Mitokaza Aoki ("Japan-styled management principle" book, National
Political Publishing House, Hanoi, 1993), Matsushita Konouke ("Personnel - key to success"
book, Transport Publishing House, 1999); Yasuhiko Inoue ("Japan's experience on human
resource development (HRD)" article, ) and so on.
2.2. Setting up body of officials and civil servants
Laotian authors of articles titled "Present province-leveled personnel work in Lao
People's Democratic Republic" by Unkeo Sipasot (Party Building Magazine Online, 24-8-

2009); "Breaking-through on personnel work" by Litthi Sisouvong (Party Building Magazine
Online, 02-12-2011; Doctoral Dissertation titled "Renovating political grass-root system at
rural areas of Laos at present" (2011) by La Chay Sinh Su Van, etc. all highlight that
personnel work is solution for the political system's quality.
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Chinese authors at Vietnamese Communist Party and Chinese Communist Party
Reasoning Seminar: "Building the ruling Party - Experiences from Vietnam, experiences from
China" (2004), mention various experiences in building the body of cadres.
2.3. Personnel sourcing issue
An article titled "Originating from great task, toward long-term target, trying to build
the body of qualified preparatory cadres" (Vietnamese Communist Party and Chinese
Communist Party Reasoning Seminar: "Building the ruling Party - Experiences from Vietnam,
experiences from China") by Chu Phuc Khoi author (Chinese) affirm that building the body of
preparatory cadres is a strategic duty related to the great task toward long-term target. Its
contents cover: recruiting, training, using and managing preparatory cadres.
Overview shows that, on various aspects, such research projects have mentioned
sourcing, building the body of cadres. However, neither scientific project research
extensionally, systematically and comprehensively the sourcing of officials and civil servants
as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces.

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Chapter I
SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC
MINORITIES AT WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES
REASONING AND REALITY ISSUES

1.1. COMMUNES AND SOURCES OF COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CADRES OF
ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES

1.1.1. Communes and ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands provinces
1.1.1.1. Overview on the Western Highlands
The Western Highlands cover Kon Tum, Gia Lai, Dak Lak, Dak Nong and Lam Dong
provinces, lying on the West Central region, where are populated with 5.2 million compatriots
of 47 ethnic groups, of whom ethnic minorities account for 37.84%. The Western Highlands is
rick of potential but also latent of instability, which is attributed either to inherent difficulties
and complexity of a mountainous and border area with high rate of poor households, or that it
is a strategic important area to which hostile forces are watching. Political instability from
2001 to now is resulted from communes where ethnic minorities populate. Instability
prevention and sustainable economic and social development for the Western Highlands can
only be performed when the political systems at communes are strengthened with the powerful
body of officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities serving as hard core.
1.1.1.2. Political systems at communes of the Western Highlands
The political systems at communes of the Western Highlands comprise of legally
recognized organizations such as Party Committee, government, Vietnamese Fatherland Front
and other political and social organizations (Ho Chi Minh Communist Youth's Union,
Vietnamese Women's Union, Vietnamese Farmers' Union and Vietnamese Veterans'
Association). The political systems at communes of the Western Highlands have been
established since 1975 and are now stable in term of organization. Its structure and titles of
officials and civil servants have been set up on the basis of general stipulation, but applied
correspondingly with each commune. Operation quality of the political systems is not even,
suitable with qualification of officials and civil servants as well as complexity of each area.
Infrastructure, means of working, policy and regime for officials and civil servants have not
met necessary demands of living and working.

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1.1.1.3. Ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands
* Features of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands in relation with sourcing the
commune officials and civil servants: Ethnic minorities are varied historically in complexity,

more and more diversified in origins, plentiful in composition and full in quantity, with
difference in residence area and lifestyle; culture of ethnic minorities of the Western Highlands
are nationally characterized, unified in diversity as of cross-culture, long term development,
traditional habits governing psychological life of the local people which is featured either
progressive or negative and backward; Knowledge improvement is ongoing by ethnic
minorities meanwhile cultural standard is still restrictedly generally; some ethnic minorities are
emerging economically, but majority has not released from poverty due to backward habits of
cultivation and psychology of relying on favor of the State.
* Role of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands: Ethnic minorities are long-term
occupiers of the Western Highlands, who have created, developed and preserved cultural value
of the Western Highlands; ethnic minorities have contributed significantly to the history of
country establishment and dependence of the Vietnam nation and are a powerful and effective
force of protecting and maintaining critical border areas of the Fatherland; Ethnic minorities
are important social force that are involving in construction and development of the Western
Highlands.
1.1.2. Commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities and sources of
officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands
1.1.2.1. Commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western
Highlands
* Concept
Commune officials of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands are ethnic minorities
who are elected to the office in term in Standing Party Committee, People's Council, People's
Committee, heads of political and social organizations in the political systems at communes of
the Western Highlands, including: secretary, deputy secretary of the Party Committee,
Chairman, Vice Chairman of People's Council; Chairman, Vice Chairman of People's
Committee; Chairman of Vietnamese Fatherland Front; Secretary of Ho Chi Minh Communist
Youth's Union, Chairwoman of Vietnamese Women's Union; Chairman of Vietnamese
Farmers' Union, Chairman of Vietnamese Veterans' Association.
Commune civil servants of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands are ethnic
minorities who are employed to hold professional titles affiliated to commune people's

committees at the Western Highlands such as Chief of Public Security, Military Commander,
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Office - Statistics; Land office - Agriculture - Construction and Environment, Financing -
Accounting; Justice - Registry; Culture - Society.
* Features of officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands
They are rather significant, somewhere their structure is corresponding to composition
and quantity of ethnic minorities on the locality; qualification and competence are gradually
improved in an effort to meet criteria requirements for officials and civil servants at
mountainous area as required, but they also show inadequateness toward requirements of new
political tasks; they are clearly characterized with traditional psychology and culture,
pertaining to and reputed with the community, but still impacted with backward and negative
habits during the course of performance; working at such area is complicated and suffered from
pressure from various sides (life condition; hostile forces; national habits; social disputes, etc.),
thus mistake is potentially high.
* Role of the body of officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western
Highlands:
Commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities are those who contribute to
and directly organize for people, specially ethnic minorities to realize guidelines and policies of
the Party and the State at commune level; commune officials and civil servants as ethnic
minorities are those who affect importantly and positively on such ethnic minorities; officials
and civil servants as ethnic minorities create balance and harmony in term of performance
quality of the local political system.
1.1.2.2. Source of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the
Western Highlands
* Concept: Source of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the
Western Highlands are the body of ethnic minorities who are detected, recruited, improved and
prepared being ready for election, employment and appointment to titles of officials and civil
servants at the Western Highlands.
* Classification of source of commune officials and civil servants: Near source (direct

source, adjacent source) are those who are within the planning of the party executive
committee, pertaining to specific titles with appropriate (or nearly appropriate) criteria and
conditions with their planned criteria, and can put rightly into a list of election and appointment
whenever it has demand of arranging and strengthening the body of officials and civil servants.
Far source (long-term source) are those who are intentionally directed in the planning of
source officials and civil servants, but not pertained to specific titles, further investment should
be given to training and fostering them to meet titles' criteria.
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* Role of the source of commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the
Western Highlands:
The source of commune officials and civil servants are the body of those who are
prepared for being ready to be added to the body of officials and civil servants, thus quantity,
structure and qualification of the source of officials and civil servants are critical factors in
deciding quantity, structure and qualification of the body of officials and civil servants; the
near source comprises mostly of responsible and semi-responsible officials and civil servants in
office, who are daily and directly contributing to performance quality of the political system;
the far source is prospect of the body of officials and civil servants, as well as a factor that
actively affect on development of the current body of officials and civil servants.
1.2. SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC
MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES - CONCEPT, MANNER AND
ROLE
1.2.1. Concept
Sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western
Highlands provinces is a task in the grass-root personnel work of local party executive
committees, a process comprising of works from setting up standards, source regime to
detection, recruitment, training, planning, seconding, placing and using the source for the
political system in order to create the body of ethnic minorities qualified for election,
employment and appointment to commune officials and civil servants.
* Object of sourcing is to build up the body of ethnic minorities at the Western

Highlands, who are qualified for election, employment and appointment to commune officials
and civil servants.
* Requirements of sourcing is to perform actively with scientific and careful plan, for
short-term and long-term object; to direct to various groups of candidates, basing on functions
and tasks of the apparatus to determine candidates to be sourced; it must be assured
dynamically and publically when sourcing; with "in-coming" and "out-coming" when
planning; quantity, mechanism and appropriate standard of sourcing are targeted; guidelines
and policies for souring must be public, transparent and clearly oriented.
* Subjects and forces involving in sourcing commune officials and civil servants
- Subjects of sourcing: Sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic
minorities is responsibility of the Party, from central level to grass-root one, but directly of
Province Party Committee, District Party Committee and Commune Party Committee at the
Western Highlands.
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- Forces involving in sourcing: State agencies at central level and Western Highlands
provinces; official training institutions of the Party, the State, unions, sectors and fields;
Vietnamese Fatherland Front, political and social organizations and other social associations.
* Objects to be sourced as officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities
- Far objects: Pupils, student, young laborers, youths demobilized from armed force,
members of public unions; irresponsible cadres at communes, hamlets and villages.
- Near objects: Officials and civil servants, irresponsible cadres at communes, hamlets
and villages; teachers at secondary education, officers, non-commissioned officers of military,
young and prospective officials and civil servants who are working at district level.
1.2.2. Contents and methods for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants
as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands
Including: Setting up standard and mechanism for souring the commune officials and
civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands; education and training
development, intellectual standard improvement, nurturing talents at ethnic minorities for the
far source and strengthening training and knowledge improvement for the near source; through

public movements to detect and foster source and admit new Party members for sourcing the
commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities; attracting candidates to be sourced as
commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities to admit to organizations of the grass-
root political system, mobilizing, seconding and arranging placement with different working
positions for purpose of training and fostering source; planning source of commune cadres as
ethnic minorities with each title; implementing supporting policies for sourcing the commune
officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities.
1.2.3. Role of sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic
minorities at the Western Highlands
It is a first-ranked stage for the process of qualification improvement for commune
officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands; helping the Party
Executive Committee to take the initiative in selecting, appointing, arranging commune
officials and civil servants sufficiently in quantity, adequately in quality and mechanism; and
assuring consecutive transit to meet requirements at work; influencing performance quality of
the political systems at communes, especially leadership and fighting strength of Party
organizations at rural areas; contributing significantly to development of ethnic minorities,
strengthening great national unity at the Western Highlands.

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Chapter 2
PRESENT SOURCE OF AND SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL
SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS
PROVINCES - REALITY, REASON, EXPERIENCE AND PROBLEMS TO BE
ADDRESSED

2.1. PRESENT REALITY OF THE SOURCE OF THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND
CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS
PROVINCES
2.1.1. Strong points: The near source is mostly the body of officials and civil servants

and irresponsible cadres. Some of them have high qualification and good conduct, who are
teachers of secondary education and preparatory officials as ethnic minorities, employed in
accordance with the local plan of sourcing officials and civil servants. Mostly the far source
comprises of pupils, students, demobilized soldiers, members of political and social unions and
laborers who are living at the Western Highlands. Many near sources gather factors of political
quality, conduct, lifestyle and repute in the public, especially tended to development;
competence in all kinds are improved gradually, even beyond standard in some places.
2.1.2. Restrictions: Mechanism and proportion of the source of officials and civil
servants are not correlative as compared to the national mechanism and population proportion.
Number of the far source is instable. Source officials and civil servants who are working at
hamlets and villages are restricted in term of qualification and skills, with less potential for
development. Some source cadres who have been trained in regular form can not meet
requirements of works. Source cadres who have not been trained professionally and source
officials who have not been trained in political reasoning account for high proportion.
2.2. PRESENT REALITY OF SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL
SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS
2.2.1. Strong points: Detailing standards and mechanism for sourcing the commune
officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities have been implemented step by step. The
career of education, training, intellectual standard improvement and talent nurture at the ethnic
minorities have been invested, maintained and developed; training and improving knowledge
in all fields for the source of officials and civil servants have been implemented positively,
created significant contributions to standardize the near source, made it based for standardizing
the far source. Via the public movements, many active objects are found, fostered and admitted
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to the Party. Attracting the source of ethnic minorities to organizations; mobilizing, seconding
and arranging placement to titles of officials and civil servants and irresponsible cadres,
preparatory officials have been gradually in good order. Planning the source of officials and
civil servants for party executive committee and key titles in the political systems at communes
has been performed seriously with right method. Some policies for sourcing support have

resulted in significant effect, especially ones for nominating for recruiting, training and
developing sources.
2.2.2. Restrictions: Majority of localities have not built title criteria for the source of
commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities. Training and fostering source have
not met demand of standardization. At some places, setting up environment for drilling, finding
source, developing new Party members as ethnic minorities for the target of sourcing have
been implemented passively. Attracting, receiving, mobilizing, seconding and arranging highly
qualified officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities to organizations of the political
systems at communes for the target of sourcing the commune officials and civil servants have
been restricted in quantity, doubtful in target and manner. Adequate attention has not given to
planning the far source. Treatment policy has not met demand of sourcing.
2.2.3. Reason, experience and problems to be addressed
2.2.3.1. Reason
Reason of strong points: Awareness of various levels of subjects and objects to be
sourced varies actively. Significant attentions are given to leadership, conduction and support
to sourcing by the Party, the State, party executive committees and local governments. The
machinery that directly realizes contents of sourcing is plentiful, diversified and invested for
standardizing and bringing into play roles and responsibilities. Guidelines and policies of the
Party and the State support development at the ethnic minorities, facilitate sourcing. Activeness
and self-awareness of objects to be sourced are important internal dynamics for promoting
rapid sourcing and sustainable efficiency.
Reason of restrictions: General awareness of subjects and objects to be sourced in term
of sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities is still restricted
somewhere. The process of deploying and realizing some guidelines and policies of the Party,
the State for economic and social development at the Western Highlands, for setting up grass-
root political system, establishing the body of officials and civil servants, of which is sourcing
the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities has not been performed
completely and evenly. The machinery and body of cadres who work at sourcing are limited in
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some aspects. Mechanism and policy have not met requirements for promoting in sourcing the
commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at remote and difficulty-suffering
areas. Activeness and self-awareness of major objects to be sourced are not high.
2.2.3.2. Present experience in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as
ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands
- It should have right and sufficient awareness on sourcing the commune officials and
civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands to make it based for realizing
sourcing pertained to actual situation and for bringing into play role of participatory forces.
- Party executive committees and government have serious determination in building
guidelines, conducting, operating, managing and smoothly collaborating with forces who are
sourcing.
- Resources from the State and the society are used effectively for sourcing the
commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities.
- Specific content of sourcing is frequently supervised and checked; reviews for
experience and timely adjustment are seriously performed for the target of sourcing.
2.3.3.2. Present problems to be addressed
Firstly, criteria regulations on qualifications of commune officials and civil servants at
mountainous areas are not suitable with intellectual standards and requirements of political
tasks at the Western Highlands. Secondly, long-term and scattered support for the ethnic
minorities from the Party and the State is creating psychology of relying among some parts of
ethnic minorities in the Western Highlands. Thirdly, it is lack of adequate support for replacing
commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities restricted in qualification and
competence with qualified source ones. Fourthly, the local source of commune officials and
civil servants as ethnic minorities is limited in qualification, meanwhile external source is
qualified but do not keep peace in mind for long-term working at communes.

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Chapter 3
MAIN DIRECTIONS AND SOLUTIONS TO SPEED UP SOURCING THE
COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITES AT THE
WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES AS FOR 2020
3.1. FORECAST ON IMPACTING FACTORS AND DIRECTIONS FOR SOURCING THE
COMMUNE OFFICIALS AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORITES AT THE
WESTERN HIGHLANDS PROVINCES AS FOR 2020
3.1.1. Forecast on factors impacting on sourcing the commune officials and civil
servants as ethnic minorities at The Western Highlands in the coming time
3.1.1.1. Advantage factors: Many guidelines, policies of the Party, State on stimulating
economically and socially comprehensive development at the Western Highlands are continued
deploying. Many positive changes in term of economy and society are ongoing among the
ethnic minorities. Development of communication information system continues to impact
positively on young generation of ethnic minorities.
3.1.1.2. Difficulties, challenges: Difficulties on living condition and working
environment of the Western Highlands have not been solved. Problems, weak points and
negativeness in economic and social management of the State agencies at the Western
Highlands affect on sentiment and faith of the compatriots. Poverty of the ethnic minorities,
that has great effect on physical and mental development of youth population, has not been
controlled yet. Activities of religions occur intricately; counteraction by hostile forces makes
the Western Highlands be potential with risks.
3.1.2. Directions, targets, orientating opinions to motivate sourcing the commune
officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands as for 2020
3.1.2.1. Directions: Continuing to speed up sourcing the commune official and civil

servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands to meet requirements of qualification
improvement of the grass-root political systems. Promoting roles and responsibilities of the
political systems, social institutions and forces for the work of sourcing. Innovating the methods of
sourcing. Regularly reviewing for withdrawing experiences so that the sourcing is in right
guidelines and policies of the Party and suitable with reality of the ethnic minority and
mountainous area of the Western Highlands.
3.1.2.2. Targets: Through sourcing, the qualification of commune officials and civil
servants is improved. The number of officials and civil servants becomes plentiful, the
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structure diversified. The sources are stable to assure for executive committees, authorities,
unions to actively elect, appoint and recruit officials and civil servants when necessary.
1.1.2.3. Orienting opinions to stimulate sourcing the commune officials and civil
servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands
Firstly, commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities are decisive factors for
failure or success of the socio-economic development at the Western Highlands, key elements
in building the Party at areas where ethnic minorities are populating. Secondly, sourcing the
commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities must start from the strategy of socio-
economic development, national defence and security maintenance at the Western Highlands.
Thirdly, sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities must base on
economic, political, cultural characteristics at the Western Highlands, features of ethnic
minorities at the Western Highlands; promoting solidarity block of ethnic groups; treating well
talents, not discrimination in races, religions, internal or external sources. Fourthly, integrating
the sourcing of commune officials, civil servants as ethnic minorities into building the fair and
powerful political system at commune. Fifthly, through real activities and revolutionary
movements of ethnic minority people, enhancing intellectual standard, developing qualified
human resources to recruit, educate, improve and train sources. Sixthly, executive committees
unify to lead sourcing and manage sources according to the principle of democratic
concentration, promotion of responsibilities of organizations and their heads in the political
systems at all levels.

3.2 MAIN SOLUTIONS TO STIMULATE SOURCING THE COMMUNE OFFICIALS
AND CIVIL SERVANTS AS ETHNIC MINORIIES AT THE WESTERN HIGHLANDS
PROVINCES AS FOR 2020
3.2.1. Enhancing awareness, responsibilities of subjects and forces participating in
sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities
Speeding up political and thinking education to enhance awareness and responsibilities of
subjects, participatory forces and objects to be sourced. Paying attention to leading and
directing cultural, informatics and communicational agencies to propaganda the sourcing of
commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minority. Motivating and stimulating levels,
institutions and people at all levels to participate in sourcing the officials and civil servants.
Launching targets of sourcing at schools on the Western Highlands.
20

3.2.2. Innovating implementation of contents and methods of sourcing the commune
officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities
3.2.2.1. Concretizing standards and structure of the source of commune officials and
civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands on the basis of standards of
commune officials and civil servants in mountainous area; associating with political task
requirements, conditions and development trend of locality.
3.2.2.2. Actively planning the far source, planning commune civil servants as ethnic
minorities according to each title on the basis of local conditions and demands, demands of
objects, capacity to source of levels and industries. Planning the near source for civil servants
requires concrete guidelines and instructions form superiors; planning the sourcing strictly;
defining concretely, transparently and publically objects and scope of planning; frequently
checking, adjusting and supplementing.
3.2.2.3. Enhancing secondment of officials in association with targets of sourcing the
commune officials and civil servants as ethnic group. Arranging, seconding preparatory civil
servants, irresponsible cadres in different professional positions. Secondment pertains strictly
to planning. Employing experienced officials and civil servants as trainers for secondment

source, pertaining responsibilities of the secondment sources in self-training with taking part in
training source officials and civil servants at destination.
3.2.2.4. Innovating supporting policies of sourcing the commune officials and civil
servants as ethnic minorities in the direction of further support only, but no total subsidy;
supporting candidates who are really capable for development; supporting when necessary for
decisive steps. Supporting agencies and units who directly participate in sourcing. Evaluating
effectiveness of the sourcing policy, finding out problems to be solved.
3.2.3. Enhancing, developing, assigning concrete responsibilities to the system of
ethnic boarding schools and education and training institutions at the Western Highlands
to participate in sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities.
To source far and stably officials and civil servants as ethnic minority, it should invest
material facilities, innovate management methods, content of training program for ethnic
minority schools. Regularly improving, training and enhancing competence for officials and
teachers. Enhancing supports at class and management of officials and teachers. Enhancing
input quality of ethnic minority pupils. Innovating content of sourcing the officials and civil
servants as ethnic minorities in the political training system at district level, political schools at
21

province level, professional schools of ministries, industries. Paying attention to skills of
leadership and operation at organizations in the political system; skills of propagandizing,
mobilizing the public; dealing with political situations. Narrowing or enlarging some contents
of sourcing the commune civil servants appropriately with task requirements. Developing well
continuation education, combining standardization of education level with one of political -
administrative arguments in the same training period to speed up standard training for some
officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities.
3.2.4. Building, enhancing and promoting roles of the political systems at
communes, reputed people in the ethnic minorities at hamlets and villages in sourcing the
commune officials and civil servant as ethnic minorities
Building commune party committees, commune-affiliated party cells to be fair and
powerful. Building commune government that is truly of people, because of people and for

people; operates synchronously in harmony and in right function, tasks and effectively.
Building political, social Front and unions powerfully, combining with goals of sourcing
officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities in mass movement. Promoting roles of ethnic
minority community, especially reputed forces in implementing contents of sourcing; linking
responsibilities with interests of reputed people in supervising source standard implementation;
detecting, training excellent people; proposing and supervising policy of sourcing support.
3.2.5. Investing in economic and social development, poverty alleviation, enhancing
the quality of population, maintaining political stability in regions where ethnic
minorities are populating at the Western Highlands, creating a positive social
environment for sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities
Investing in economic and social development and sustainable poverty alleviation are
solutions impacting positively on sourcing the officials and civil servants effectively and in
long term. Developing education - training, health, culture - society to contribute to enhance
knowledge, train talents, stabilize population quality, and promote cultural tradition of ethnic
groups. Maintaining social order, safety, political security in border areas, regions where ethnic
minorities are populating, and religious regions to maintain stability and sustainability at the
Western Highlands.
3.2.6. Enhancing roles of the Western Highlands Steering Committees in
coordination with central institutions located on the region; innovating leadership
methods of executive committee at provinces for sourcing the commune officials and civil
servants as ethnic minority at the Western Highlands
22


The Western Highlands Steering Committees research, advise and propose with the
Central institutions on mechanisms, policies, solutions for economic - social development at
the Western Highlands; create bases to stimulate sourcing the officials and civil servants
advantageously; grasp information, contribute opinions, organize and coordinate with
provinces and central boards, ministries and industries to create an united apparatus in
executing targets related to sourcing the officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities of the

Western Highland political system. Party committees at levels complete institutional system
for sourcing; build up professional advisor forces; enhance supervision, inspection, direction in
time of building and implementing of guidelines, projects, plans for sourcing the commune
officials and civil servants in levels; regularly evaluate, learn from experiences.
23

CONCLUSIONS
1. The Western Highlands is an area with strategic and important geographical - political
location, containing lots of development potentials, and also an area with many difficulties and
instabilities. The Western Highlands need a strong political system, especially at communes
where ethnic minorities are living. Commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at
the Western Highlands play an important role for the commune political system. To make the
body qualified, sourcing should be given with attention and done well.
2. Sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities at the Western
Highlands is a task in the personnel work at grass-root level of local executive committees and
party committees, a process including works from build up standard, source structure to
detection, selection, training, improvement, planning, alternation, distribution and usage of
sources for political system to source the body of ethnic minorities at the Western Highlands,
who are qualified for being elected, recruited, appointed to commune officials and civil
servants.
3. In recent time, sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic minorities
has not only progress and strong points, but also restrictions and problems. The important
reason is closely related to responsibilities of executive committees, governments and
coordination of forces in sourcing.
4. To successfully implement sourcing the commune officials and civil servants as ethnic
minorities at the Western Highlands, systematic and specific solutions should be performed. Of
which, it is especially focussed on reinforcing, developing and assigning specific
responsibilities to the ethnic boarding-schools system, education and training institutions at the
Western Highlands to participate in sourcing; building up, reinforcing, promoting roles of the
political systems at communes, reputed people in ethnic minorities at hamlets and villages.

24

LIST OF THE AUTHOR'S SCIENTIFIC PROJECTS RELATED TO THE SUBJECT

1. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2006), "Ho Chi Minh Ideology and the Party's viewpoints on
building cadre criteria", Reasoning Life Magazine, edition 4-2006.
2. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2007), "Effects from the model of "hamlet core cadres" at Huong Giang
mountainous commune", Public Relation Magazine, edition 11-2007.
3. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2007), "Standardizing the body of cadres at all levels of the Party",
Party Buiding Magazine, 12-2007
4. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2009), "Model of appointing border officers to Standing Vice
Secretaries of the Party Executive Committees at borderland and mountainous communes of
Quang Tri" Party Buiding Magazine, edition 3-2009.
5. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2009), "Solving mechanism-related issues in standardizing the body of
cadres", Party Buiding Magazine, edition 11-2009.
6. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2011), "Sourcing for developing the Party members as religioners at
Kon Tum city", Party Buiding Magazine Online, 9-4-2011.
7. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2011), "Planning for sourcing the commune-leveled cadres at Tuy
Duc (Dak Nong) - Problems to be addressed", Party Buiding Magazine Online, 22-11-2011.
8. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2012), "Breaking down barriers for sucessful secondment", Party
Buiding Magazine, edition 6-2012.
9. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2013), “Further awareness on sourcing cadres”, Reasoning Life
Magazine, edition 5 (10-2013).
10. Truong Thi Bach Yen (2013), “Sourcing commune officials and civil servants as ethnic
minorities at the Western Highlands”, Party Buiding Magazine, edition 10-2013