đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của ngân hàng thương mại cổ phần đại dương - chi nhánh vinh – nghệ an giai đoạn 2007 – 2020 (2)

MỤC LỤC
MỤC LỤC 1
CHƯƠNG 1 1
TỔNG QUAN CÁC CÔNG TRÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU 1
CÓ LIÊN QUAN 1

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

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

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 !"

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#$%& ' 

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(%)*
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+, -
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CHƯƠNG 2 4
LÝ LUẬN CHUNG VỀ ĐẦU TƯ NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC CẠNH TRANH CỦA CÁC NGÂN
HÀNG THƯƠNG MẠI 4
./$  0%)'


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2.1.1. Khái niệm và chức năng của ngân hàng thương mại 4
,123435647841947:1;<476=3
1>?4@47?AB47841947:1;<476=3#
2.1.2. Các lĩnh vực hoạt động của ngân hàng thương mại 7
CDEF47GH4+
I=:EF47:J4KL47+
2?1M41:1>??1IGBD+
NO:KCD5:?1IGBDPQ3R6:SBG9TUVWX
#YZIV[41X
(13\:Q1]CP:23?13\:Q1]CP?^6?H:1;<47_13\CG9?2?73]D:`?a73247b41=4Q12?X
+c47:D?1I:1Cd:93?1J41e
X93Q1IZ4:3f47U3?AB7841947e
egh?1GL:1B41:I24G94784iCje
k2?1I=:EF47Q12?k
'l -!'llm*0%)'

k
2.2.1. Khái niệm về cạnh tranh và đặc điểm cạnh tranh trong lĩnh vực ngân hàng 10
,1234356Gf?=41:SB41
=41:SB41:SI47Vn41Go?47841947G941p47Eq?E3R6?<rZ4?AB?=41:SB41:SI47Vn41Go?4784
1947
2.2.2. Các công cụ cạnh tranh của ngân hàng thương mại 14
=41:SB41rs47?1]:V;t47
=41:SB41rs47732?Z#
=41:SB41rs4715:1H47_184_1H3(
2.2.3. Năng lực cạnh tranh 18
u%0m-!'l*0%)'

k

2.3.1. Khái niệm đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của các ngân hàng thương mại 20
2.3.2. Nguồn vốn đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của NHTM 20
2.3.3. Nội dung đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của các ngân hàng thương mại 24
^C:;?<vwGx:?1]:G9Ey36z3?c474715
^C:;4847?BI?1]:V;t4747C{44184Vo?(
^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo?:93?1J41(
^C:;EBK=476wSF47vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL+
#^C:;G9I:93vZ4Gc1M417{6E^C:;G9I1I=:EF47BSQ}:347P_12::S3R4:1;<47135CG94713d4?>C
:1h:S;`47X
2.3.4. Các chỉ tiêu bản cơ để đánh giá kết quả và hiệu quả của hoạt động đầu tư nâng cao năng lực
cạnh tranh của ngân hàng thương mại 29
3B:@47Gf4@47Vo?:93?1J41e
@47Vo?1I=:EF47Q341KIB41
3B:@474@47Vo??c474715
@47Vo?6wSF47G9_12::S3R4vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL
#12::S3R4:1;<47135C
(93vZ4?HEh411CDEF47G94@47Vo??C47?]_vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL47841947:@47:1d6
+12::S3R46wSF476=47V;z3
X@47:S;w47vHV;t474184voG9?1]:V;t474184vo+
*0$*.m'.u%0m-!'llm
*0%)'

+
2.4.1. Các nhân tố khách quan 37
2?4184:~_1JB6z3:1B673B:1h:S;`47+
2?4184V9?2?1354:=3X
2?4184V9v>?O_:~_1JBQ12?11947X
2?4184V9voTC]:1354?2?Kh?1GL6z3X
2.4.2. Nhóm nhân tố chủ quan 39
THỰC TRẠNG ĐẦU TƯ NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC 41

CẠNH TRANH CỦA NGÂN HÀNG THƯƠNG MẠI CỔ PHẦN ĐẠI DƯƠNG – CHI NHÁNH VINH
– NGHỆ AN 41
•€m'.,gm0%)'•u'g%)•
* ‚mƒY, „


3.1.1. Quá trình hình thành và phát triển của Oceanbank Vinh 41
3.1.2. Hoạt động kinh doanh của Oceanbank – Vinh 44
CDEF47GH4
I=:EF47?1IGBDG9E^C:;
c47:2?Q\:I24#
1B41:I24TC]:41x_Q1|C19471aBG9Kh?1GL(
#12:1941G9:1B41:I24:1…(
(784iCj+
+,\:iCZ1I=:EF47Q341KIB41+
-!'l'g%)* 

X
3.2.1. Năng lực cạnh tranh của NH TMCP Đại dương chi nhánh Vinh 48
3.2.2. Chiến lược và công cụ cạnh tranh của NH TMCP Đại dương chi nhánh Vinh 49
13\4V;t??=41:SB41?AB=3K;<47?1341241 341e
2??c47?L?=41:SB41?AB7841947=3K;<47#k
!l' m'u%†0m-!'lmƒY,• 

#
3.3.1. Hoạt động đầu tư nhằm nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của Oceanbank – Vinh 54
7C{4GH4E^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB=3K;<47?1341241 341#
^C:;G9I?<vwGx:?1]:ER4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB=3K;<47?1341241 341
#(
^C:;G9IEy36z3?c474715ER4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB=3K;<47?1341241

341#+
^C:;4847?BI?1]:V;t4747C{44184Vo?#X
#^C:;6wSF47EBK=47vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL(
(^C:;G9I:93vZ4Gc1M41‡BSQ}:347P_12::S3R4:1;<47135CG94713d4?>C:1h:S;`47(
+^C:;6wSF47G94847?BI?1]:V;t476=47V;z31I=:EF47(
3.3.2. Kết quả và hiệu quả hoạt động đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh tại Oceanbank – Vinh 65
@474@47Vo?:93?1J41(#
@474@47Vo?1I=:EF47Q341KIB41‡(+
3B:@474@47Vo??c474715(e
@47Vo?6wSF47G9_12::S3R4?2?Kh?1GL+
#12::S3R4:1;<47135C+(
(93vZ4?HEh411CDEF47G94@47Vo??C47?]_vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL47841947:@47:1d6++
+@47:S;w47vHV;t47G9?1]:V;t474184vo+X
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MỘT SỐ GIẢI PHÁP ĐẦU TƯ NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC CẠNH TRANH CỦA NGÂN HÀNG
THƯƠNG MẠI CỔ PHẦN ĐẠI DƯƠNG – CHI NHÁNH VINH 85
 ‹%ŒmƒY,• kk
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4.1.1. Mục tiêu chung của Oceanbank – Vinh đến 2020 85
4.1.2. Định hướng phát triển của Oceanbank – Vinh đến 2020 86
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4.2.1. Giải pháp về vốn đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh 88
4.2.2. Giải pháp đầu tư nâng cao chất lượng tín dụng 89
4.2.3. Giải pháp đầu tư nâng cao chất lượng nguồn nhân lực 90
4.2.4. Giải pháp đầu tư nâng cao hiệu quả cơ sở vật chất và đổi mới công nghệ 92

4.2.5. Giải pháp đầu tư phát triển dịch vụ và khai thác sản phẩm dịch vụ khác biệt, có lợi thế để nâng
cao khả năng cạnh tranh 93
4.2.6. Giải pháp về đầu tư nâng cao nghiên cứu thị trường, đầu tư vào hoạt động marketing và phát
triển thương hiệu 96
4.2.7. Những giải pháp khác 99
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4.3.1. Đối với Quốc hội, Chính phủ 100
4.3.2. Kiến nghị đối với ngân hàng nhà nước 101
KẾT LUẬN 103
DANH MỤC SƠ ĐỒ, BẢNG BIỂU
MỤC LỤC 1
CHƯƠNG 1 1
TỔNG QUAN CÁC CÔNG TRÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU 1
CÓ LIÊN QUAN 1
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 !"
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+, -
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CHƯƠNG 2 4
LÝ LUẬN CHUNG VỀ ĐẦU TƯ NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC CẠNH TRANH CỦA CÁC NGÂN
HÀNG THƯƠNG MẠI 4
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2.1.1. Khái niệm và chức năng của ngân hàng thương mại 4
,123435647841947:1;<476=3
1>?4@47?AB47841947:1;<476=3#
B1>?4@47:SC4773B4:J4KL47#
r1>?4@47:SC4773B4:1B41:I24(
?1>?4@47:=I:3f4(
2.1.2. Các lĩnh vực hoạt động của ngân hàng thương mại 7
CDEF47GH4+
I=:EF47:J4KL47+
2?1M41:1>??1IGBD+
NO:KCD5:?1IGBDPQ3R6:SBG9TUVWX
#YZIV[41X
(13\:Q1]CP:23?13\:Q1]CP?^6?H:1;<47_13\CG9?2?73]D:`?a73247b41=4Q12?X
+c47:D?1I:1Cd:93?1J41e
X93Q1IZ4:3f47U3?AB7841947e
egh?1GL:1B41:I24G94784iCje
k2?1I=:EF47Q12?k

'l -!'llm*0%)'

k
2.2.1. Khái niệm về cạnh tranh và đặc điểm cạnh tranh trong lĩnh vực ngân hàng 10
,1234356Gf?=41:SB41
=41:SB41:SI47Vn41Go?47841947G941p47Eq?E3R6?<rZ4?AB?=41:SB41:SI47Vn41Go?4784
1947
2.2.2. Các công cụ cạnh tranh của ngân hàng thương mại 14
=41:SB41rs47?1]:V;t47
=41:SB41rs47732?Z#
=41:SB41rs4715:1H47_184_1H3(
2.2.3. Năng lực cạnh tranh 18
u%0m-!'l*0%)'

k
2.3.1. Khái niệm đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của các ngân hàng thương mại 20
2.3.2. Nguồn vốn đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của NHTM 20
2.3.3. Nội dung đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của các ngân hàng thương mại 24
^C:;?<vwGx:?1]:G9Ey36z3?c474715
^C:;4847?BI?1]:V;t4747C{44184Vo?(
^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo?:93?1J41(
^C:;EBK=476wSF47vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL+
#^C:;G9I:93vZ4Gc1M417{6E^C:;G9I1I=:EF47BSQ}:347P_12::S3R4:1;<47135CG94713d4?>C
:1h:S;`47X
2.3.4. Các chỉ tiêu bản cơ để đánh giá kết quả và hiệu quả của hoạt động đầu tư nâng cao năng lực
cạnh tranh của ngân hàng thương mại 29
3B:@47Gf4@47Vo?:93?1J41e
B€CD6cGH4G9?1]:V;t47:93vZ4?ak
r1]:V;t47:J4KL47
@47Vo?1I=:EF47Q341KIB41

3B:@474@47Vo??c474715
@47Vo?6wSF47G9_12::S3R4vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL
#12::S3R4:1;<47135C
(93vZ4?HEh411CDEF47G94@47Vo??C47?]_vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL47841947:@47:1d6
+12::S3R46wSF476=47V;z3
X@47:S;w47vHV;t474184voG9?1]:V;t474184vo+
*0$*.m'.u%0m-!'llm
*0%)'

+
2.4.1. Các nhân tố khách quan 37
2?4184:~_1JB6z3:1B673B:1h:S;`47+
2?4184V9?2?1354:=3X
2?4184V9v>?O_:~_1JBQ12?11947X
2?4184V9voTC]:1354?2?Kh?1GL6z3X
2.4.2. Nhóm nhân tố chủ quan 39
THỰC TRẠNG ĐẦU TƯ NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC 41
CẠNH TRANH CỦA NGÂN HÀNG THƯƠNG MẠI CỔ PHẦN ĐẠI DƯƠNG – CHI NHÁNH VINH
– NGHỆ AN 41
•€m'.,gm0%)'•u'g%)•
* ‚mƒY, „


3.1.1. Quá trình hình thành và phát triển của Oceanbank Vinh 41
3.1.2. Hoạt động kinh doanh của Oceanbank – Vinh 44
CDEF47GH4
I=:EF47?1IGBDG9E^C:;
c47:2?Q\:I24#
1B41:I24TC]:41x_Q1|C19471aBG9Kh?1GL(
#12:1941G9:1B41:I24:1…(

(784iCj+
+,\:iCZ1I=:EF47Q341KIB41+
-!'l'g%)* 

X
3.2.1. Năng lực cạnh tranh của NH TMCP Đại dương chi nhánh Vinh 48
3.2.2. Chiến lược và công cụ cạnh tranh của NH TMCP Đại dương chi nhánh Vinh 49
13\4V;t??=41:SB41?AB=3K;<47?1341241 341e
2??c47?L?=41:SB41?AB7841947=3K;<47#k
B=41:SB41rs47?c47?LV[3vC]:#k
r=41:SB41rs47_1JKh?1GL#
?=41:SB41rs47?2?Kh?1GL?AB#
K=41:SB41Gf6=47V;z3?1341241PiCB41547841947E=3VW#
}=41:SB41rs47_1;<47:1>?_1L?GLG9:1B41:I24#
Ž=41:SB41Gf:1`3?<:1h:S;`47?AB#
7=41:SB41GfQ1c4773B4G9:1`373B4#
!l' m'u%†0m-!'lmƒY,• 

#
3.3.1. Hoạt động đầu tư nhằm nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của Oceanbank – Vinh 54
7C{4GH4E^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB=3K;<47?1341241 341#
^C:;G9I?<vwGx:?1]:ER4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB=3K;<47?1341241 341
#(
^C:;G9IEy36z3?c474715ER4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB=3K;<47?1341241
341#+
^C:;4847?BI?1]:V;t4747C{44184Vo?#X
#^C:;6wSF47EBK=47vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL(
(^C:;G9I:93vZ4Gc1M41‡BSQ}:347P_12::S3R4:1;<47135CG94713d4?>C:1h:S;`47(
+^C:;6wSF47G94847?BI?1]:V;t476=47V;z31I=:EF47(
3.3.2. Kết quả và hiệu quả hoạt động đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh tại Oceanbank – Vinh 65

@474@47Vo?:93?1J41(#
@474@47Vo?1I=:EF47Q341KIB41‡(+
3B:@474@47Vo??c474715(e
@47Vo?6wSF47G9_12::S3R4?2?Kh?1GL+
#12::S3R4:1;<47135C+(
(93vZ4?HEh411CDEF47G94@47Vo??C47?]_vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL47841947:@47:1d6++
+@47:S;w47vHV;t47G9?1]:V;t474184vo+X
X12::S3R46wSF476=47V;z3Xk
ˆ' ‰0lmŠ*u%0m-!'l
mƒY,• 
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MỘT SỐ GIẢI PHÁP ĐẦU TƯ NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC CẠNH TRANH CỦA NGÂN HÀNG
THƯƠNG MẠI CỔ PHẦN ĐẠI DƯƠNG – CHI NHÁNH VINH 85
 ‹%ŒmƒY,• kk

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4.1.1. Mục tiêu chung của Oceanbank – Vinh đến 2020 85
4.1.2. Định hướng phát triển của Oceanbank – Vinh đến 2020 86
./$•*u%0m-!'lmƒY,• kkXX
4.2.1. Giải pháp về vốn đầu tư nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh 88
4.2.2. Giải pháp đầu tư nâng cao chất lượng tín dụng 89
4.2.3. Giải pháp đầu tư nâng cao chất lượng nguồn nhân lực 90
4.2.4. Giải pháp đầu tư nâng cao hiệu quả cơ sở vật chất và đổi mới công nghệ 92
4.2.5. Giải pháp đầu tư phát triển dịch vụ và khai thác sản phẩm dịch vụ khác biệt, có lợi thế để nâng
cao khả năng cạnh tranh 93
4.2.6. Giải pháp về đầu tư nâng cao nghiên cứu thị trường, đầu tư vào hoạt động marketing và phát
triển thương hiệu 96
4.2.7. Những giải pháp khác 99
./$,‹$ Œ0l%)


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4.3.1. Đối với Quốc hội, Chính phủ 100
4.3.2. Kiến nghị đối với ngân hàng nhà nước 101
KẾT LUẬN 103
KẾT LUẬN 103
CHƯƠNG 1
TỔNG QUAN CÁC CÔNG TRÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU
CÓ LIÊN QUAN
1.1. Tính cấp thiết của đề tài
•47Gz3vo_12::S3R4?AB4f4Q341:\4;z?:BP15:1H47:SC4773B4:93
?1J414a3?1C47G9 47841947:1;<476=34a3S3d47?•47:~47r;z?_12:
:S3R4479D?9476=416‘G9SF47Vz45:1H4747841947:1;<476=31354
4BD_12::S3R4:1}ITC:1\?AB:1`3E=3G9ER?a:1R:{4:=3G9_12::S3R4:1M?2?
47841947:1;<476=3?^4_1Z3Q1’47Eh41Gh:1\?AB6M41gIEaP?2?4784
1947:1;<476=3?^4_1Z3T8DKo47?13\4V;t?4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41
?AB6M41CD413d4P6“347841947:1;<476=3EfC?a41p47E3fCQ354G9
Q1Z4@4741]:Eh41Gf47C{4Vo?G947C{4Vo?Vz441]:?AB?2?47841947
:1;<476=3E;t?;C:3d41947E^CV9GH4E^C:;SI4715:1H4747841947
:1;<476=36z34y3Gz3413fCVn41Go?1I=:EF47G9?a413fC?1341241SF47
Q1b_?Z4;z?:SI4741p474@67^4E8DV978419471;<476=3y_1^4
=3K;<47‚m?}B4rB4Q„PV96F::1941G3d4:1CF?15:1H474784194749DV9
78419471;<476=3y_1^4=3K;<47?13412411941_1H 341•
715B4‚m?}B4rB4Q 341„
3544BDPGz3vor3\4EF47V3d4:L??AB:1h:S;`47:93?1J41•:3f4:5P15
:1H4747841947:1;<476=34a3?1C47G9m?}B4rB4Q 3414a3S3d47VCc4_1Z3
EH36q:Gz341p47vo:1BDEy3EaG9?•47Gz34aV9?a413fC47841947rCF?
_1Z3v2:41x_ER?a:1R:{4:=3G9_12::S3R4E;t?P?•4741;ER?=41:SB41Gz3
?2?EH3:1A:SI4715:1H4747841947m?}B4rB4Q 341E[?a41p471I=:EF47
E^C:;41s64847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB6M41P6q?K•E[E=:E;t?6F:

vHQ\:iCZ41]:Eh41P:CD413d4G”4?•441p471=4?1\:SI47?c47:2?E^C:;
K”4E\4135CiCZ?1;BE=:E;t?41;6I476CH4gIEaPm?}B4rB4Q 341?^4
?a:1d641p4773Z3_12__1•1t_Gz3:M411M41:1h:S;`47:93?1J4113544BDER

4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB6M41 MGxDP:c3VoB?1–4Ef:93“Đầu tư
nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh của Ngân hàng Thương mại Cổ phần Đại
dương - chi nhánh Vinh – Nghệ an giai đoạn 2007 – 2020”.
1.2.Tình hình nghiên cứu
[?a413fCEf:934713d4?>CGf4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB6F:
vH47841947G9KIB4147135_P:CD413d4EH3Gz34847?BI4@47Vo??=41
:SB41?AB78419471;<476=3y_1^4=3K;<47?1341241 341•715
B4:1M?1;B:1]DEf:9349IEf?x_E\4 MGxDPrZ4VCx4G@449D?a:1REa47
7a_6F:_1^4G9IVWVCx4G9:1o?:3—441s6:@47:1d6135CiCZ?1I?c47:2?
E^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?ABm?}B4rB4Q 341
1.3. Mục tiêu nghiên cứu
96S˜G]4EfVWVCx4GfE^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41:SI47
47841947:1;<476=3
184:J?1G9E241732:1o?:S=471I=:EF47E^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo?
?=41:SB41?AB78419471;<476=3y_1^4=3K;<47•1341241 341
•715B4
fTC]:6F:vH73Z3_12_41s64847?BI135CiCZ1I=:EF47E^C:;
4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB78419471;<476=3y_1^4=3K;<47
•1341241 341•715B4
1.4. Ý nghĩa lý luận và tính thực tiễn
f:93E[KoB:Sd4?<vw41p47VWVCx4V3d4iCB4E\4E^C:;4847?BI
4@47Vo??=41:SB41G9Gx4KL47VWVCx4EaER_184:J?141p47;CE3R6P6q:
1=4?1\:SI47E^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?ABm?}B4rB4Q 341P:~
EaEfSB?2?73Z3_12_ER:1o?13541I=:EF47E^C:;49D
1.5. Đối tượng và phạm vi nghiên cứu
Đối tượng nghiên cứu‡I=:EF47E^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41

:=3m?}B4rB4Q1341241 •™41715B4

Phạm vi nghiên cứu‡1o?:S=47Gf1I=:EF47E^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo?
?=41:SB41:=3m?}B4rB4Qš1341241 •™41715B4:SI4773B3EI=4
kk+•kG9Eh411;z47E\44@6kk
1.6. Phương pháp nghiên cứu
SI47iC2:SM414713d4?>CEf:93?2?_1;<47_12_E;t?vUKL47V9
_1;<47_12_KCDGx:r354?1>47P?•47Gz3voQ\:1t_?AB?2?_1;<47_12_
:1H47QdPvIv241P_184:J?1PQ123iC2:P›E3:~?<vwVW:1CD\:E\4:1o?:3—4
ER73Z3iCD\:G9V96S˜6L?EJ?1Eq:SB:SI47VCx4G@4
1.7. Kết cấu của luận văn
,\:?]C?ABVCx4G@4rBI7{6rB_1^4V9_1^46wE^CP_1^44F3KC47
G9_1^4Q\:VCx4SI47EaP_1^44F3KC47?<rZ4?ABVCx4G@4E;t??13B
:1941?2??1;<4741;vBC‡
1;<47WVCx4?1C47GfE^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41:=3
?2?47841947:1;<476=3
1;<471o?:S=471I=:EF47E^C:;4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41
?AB78419471;<476=3y_1^4=3K;<47•1341241 •™41
715B4
1;<47F:vH73Z3_12_4847?BI4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB784
19471;<476=3y_1^4=3K;<47•1341241 •™41715B4

CHƯƠNG 2
LÝ LUẬN CHUNG VỀ ĐẦU TƯ NÂNG CAO NĂNG LỰC
CẠNH TRANH CỦA CÁC NGÂN HÀNG THƯƠNG MẠI
2.1. Một số vấn đề về ngân hàng thương mại
2.1.1. Khái niệm và chức năng của ngân hàng thương mại
2.1.1.1.Khái niệm ngân hàng thương mại
7841947?a:1REh41471nBE<473Z4V9:y?1>?1I=:EF47Q341KIB41
?C47?]_?2?Kh?1GL47841947ER:M6Q3\6Vt341Cx4

7841947V9:y?1>?:J4KL47:1o?1354?2?1I=:EF4741;41x4:3f4
7U3P?1IGBDPE^C:;:93?1J41P?2?1I=:EF47:1B41:I24P_12:1941?2?VI=3QM
_13\CP1H3_13\CF:vH47841947?•4?aQ1Z4@47_12:1941:3f4
1}I:J41?1]:G96L?:3dC1I=:EF47P?2?VI=31M41478419477{6?a
47841947:1;<476=3P47841947_12::S3R4P47841947E^C:;P47841947
?1J41v2?1P478419471t_:2?
5:1H47E;t?SBE`3E;t??I3V9Q\:iCZ?ABiC2:œ41V8CK93
1
•
41:1941G9_12::S3R4?ABQ341:\19471I2P?ABiCB41519471I2:3f4:5ž
413fC4;z?:CDQ1234356Gf?a41p47Eq?E3R6Q12?41BC41;47EfC
?1ISs47NHTM là một doanh nghiệp chuyên kinh doanh tiền tệ, là tổ chức
trung gian tài chính, là nơi dẫn vốn từ nơi thừa đến nơi thiếu vốn
7841947:1;<476=3Q341KIB41:Sd4?<vwE3fCQ354Q341:\G9iCD
Eh41?AB_12_VCx:7841947:1;<476=3V9:y?1>?:SC4773B4:93?1J41
?C47>47GH4?1I41p474<3:13\CGH4 H4?AB?aE;t?47I93GH4
_12_Eh416947841947?^4?aER:1941Vx_P1CDEF47:3f44194S“3P
:3f47U3?ABK84?;P:y?1>?Gz36F:6>?V@3vC]:41]:Eh41/H:3f4:1CE;t?
49D47841947v‘?1I?Ÿ?r`4:13\CGH4GBD_1Z3?a?B6Q\:1IZ4:SZvBC6F:
:1`373B4vH:3f47H?G9V@37841947?•4Ko47vHGH41CDEF47E;t?V96

?2?Kh?1GL:1B41:I24P?1CDR4:3f4G9?2?Kh?1GLQ1Ÿ?a3:1CE;t?:~?2?
Q1IZ4?1IGBDPV96?2?Kh?1GLV3d4iCB4E\4:3f4G9Q1IZ4E^C:;G9I?1>47
Q1I24:=ISB47C{4:1C41x_?AB47841947 z36L?:3dC:@47?;`471I=:
EF47Q341KIB41P4847?BICD:J4?AB47841947ER:H3EB1I2Vt341Cx44784
1947VCc46CH4Q1B3:12?41p4747C{4GH4?1™_1Z3:SZGz3?13_1J:1]_ER
6wSF47?1IGBDPE^C:;P?C47>47Kh?1GLP›
7841947:1;<476=3V9:y?1>?:J4KL47GBD:3f4?AB47;`37U3G9?1I
?2??c47:DP?24184GBDV=33f41CDEF47E;t??AB47;`37U37–3V9 :93vZ4
4t ?AB478419473f4?1I?c47:DG9?24184GBD?•4741;:3f47U3w?2?

47841947Q12?G9vH:S23_13\C47841947vw1pC7–3V9 :93vZ4?a ?AB4784
19471^4?1d41V5?173pBvH:3f41CDEF47E;t?G9vH:3f4?1IGBDP7U3
47841947Q12?G96CB:S23_13\C7–3V9 GH4:o?a ?AB47841947:1;<47
6=31^4:93vZ4?a:J41:1B41Q1IZ4E;t?73pEREf_1•47:S;`471t_:3f4
7U3G9I47841947rhS¡:SBEF:47F:7–3V9 :¢V5Ko:Sp ?AB47841947I94
rFvHGH4?AB47841947E;t??13B:1941VI=3‡GH4?]_G9GH4?]_ H4
?]_?•47–3V9GH44•47?H:Gf?<rZ4rBI7{6GH4E3fCV5PVt341Cx4Q1c47
?13BP?2?iCnKo:SpE;t?V]_:Sd4?<vw:SJ?1Vx_:~Vt341Cx4?AB:y?1>?:J4
KL47 H4?]_Gf?<rZ4rBI7{6‡_1^4732:Sh:@47:1d6KIEh41732:93vZ4
?AB:y?1>?:J4KL47P47C{4GH473B:@471Iq?ryvC47:~rd447I93G9Ko
_1•47?1C47?1ISA3SI:J4KL47
2.1.1.2. Chức năng của ngân hàng thương mại
a. Chức năng trung gian tín dụng
1>?4@47:SC4773B4:J4KL47E;t?T}6V9?1>?4@47iCB4:S–4741]:
?AB47841947:1;<476=3,13:1o?1354?1>?4@47:SC4773B4:J4KL47P
Ea47GB3:S•V9?^C4H373pB47;`3:1~BGH4G947;`3?a41C?^CGf
GH4 z3?1>?4@4749DP47841947:1;<476=3G~BEa47GB3:S•V947;`3E3
GBDPG~BEa47GB3:S•V947;`3?1IGBDG91;w47Vt341Cx4V9Q1IZ4?1d41
#
V5?173pBV[3vC]:41x47U3G9V[3vC]:?1IGBDG97a__1^4:=IVt3J?1?1I:]:
?Z?2?rd4:1B673B‡47;`37U3:3f4G947;`3E3GBD
b. Chức năng trung gian thanh toán
žE8DEa47GB3:S•V9:1AiCj?1I?2?KIB4147135_G9?24184P
:1o?1354?2?:1B41:I24:1}IDdC?^C?ABQ12?1194741;:SJ?1:3f4:~:93
Q1IZ4:3f47U3?AB1–ER:1B41:I24:3f419471aBPKh?1GL1Iq?41x_G9I:93
Q1IZ4:3f47U3?ABQ12?11947:3f4:1Cr241947G9?2?Q1IZ4:1CQ12?:1}I
V541?AB1–2??C47?]_?1IQ12?11947413fC_1;<47:354:1B41
:I24:354Vt341;vO?PAD41356?13PAD41356:1CP:1…S¡::3f4P:1…:1B41:I24P
:1…:J4KL47›•D:1}I41C?^CPQ12?11947?a:1R?1–4?1I6M41_1;<47
:1>?:1B41:I24_1•1t_1`Ea69?2??1A:1RQ341:\Q1c47_1Z373p:3f4

:SI47:¡3P6B47:1}I:3f4ER7q_?1A4tP7q_47;`3_1Z3:1B41:I24K•w7^4
1BDTB691–?a:1RvUKL476F:_1;<47:1>?49IEaER:1o?1354?2?Q1IZ4
:1B41:I24gIGxD?2??1A:1RQ341:\v‘:3\:Q356E;t?S]:413fC?13_1JP:1`3
73B4PV=3EZ6rZI:1B41:I24B4:I941>?4@4749DGc1M41?1C47E[:1¡?
E|DV;C:1c4719471aBPE|D41B41:H?EF:1B41:I24P:H?EFV;C?1CDR4GH4P
:~Ea7a__1^4_12::S3R4Q341:\
c. Chức năng tạo tiền
=I:3f4V96F:?1>?4@47iCB4:S–47P_1Z4241S˜rZ4?1]:?AB4784
 z36L?:3dCV9:M6Q3\6Vt341Cx441;V96F:DdC?^C?1J41?1Ivo
:{4:=3G9_12::S3R4?AB6M41P?2?Gz347135_GLQ341KIB416B47
:J41Eq?:1•?AB6M41E[Gc1M41?1C47:1o?1354?1>?4@47:=I:3f4?1I4f4
Q341:\1>?4@47:=I:3f4E;t?:1o?:13:Sd4?<vw1B3?1>?4@47Q12??AB
V9?1>?4@47:J4KL47G9?1>?4@47:1B41:I241c47iCB?1>?4@47
:SC4773B4:J4KL47P47841947vUKL47vHGH41CDEF47E;t?ER?1IGBDPvH
:3f4?1IGBDSBV=3E;t?Q12?11947vUKL47ER6CB19471aBP:1B41:I24
Kh?1GL:SI47Q13vHK;:Sd4:93Q1IZ4:3f47U3:1B41:I24?ABQ12?11947G”4
(
E;t??I3V96F:rF_1x4?AB:3f473BIKh?1PE;t?1–vUKL47ER6CB1947
1aBP:1B41:I24Kh?1GL› z3?1>?4@4749DP15:1H47E[V96:@47
:y47_1;<47:354:1B41:I24:SI474f4Q341:\PE2_>4741C?^C:1B41:I24P
?13:SZ?ABT[1F347841947:1;<476=3:=I:3f4_1L:1CF?G9I:™V5Ko:Sp
rb:rCF??AB47841947:SC47;<47E[2_KL47EH3Gz341:6KIGxD4784
1947:SC47;<47?a:1R:@47:™V549DQ13V;t47?C47:3f4G9I4f4Q341:\Vz4
2.1.2. Các lĩnh vực hoạt động của ngân hàng thương mại
2.1.2.1. Huy động vốn
78419471CDEF47GH4K;z3?2?1M41:1>?vBC‡
− 1x4:3f47U3?AB?2?:y?1>?P?24184G9?2?:y?1>?:J4KL47
Q12?K;z3?2?1M41:1>?:3f47U3Q1c47Q£1=4P:3f47U3?aQ£1=4G9?2?
VI=3:3f47U3Q12?
− 12:1941?1>47?1™:3f47U3P:S23_13\CG973]D:`?a732Q12?ER

1CDEF47GH4?AB:y?1>?P?24184:SI474;z?G947I934;z?Q13E;t?
1H47EH??1]_:1Cx4
− BDGH4?AB?2?:y?1>?:J4KL47Q12?1I=:EF47:=3 35:B6
G9?AB:y?1>?:J4KL474;z?47I93
− BDGH447b41=4?ABK;z31M41:1>?:23?]_GH4
− 2?1M41:1>?1CDEF47GH4Q12?:1}IiCDEh41?AB
2.1.2.2. Hoạt động tín dụng
7841947?]_:J4KL47?1I:y?1>?P?24184K;z3?2?1M41:1>??1IGBDP
?13\:Q1]C:1;<47_13\CG973]D:`?a732Q12?PrZIV[41P?1I:1Cd:93?1J41
G9?2?1M41:1>?Q12?:1}IiCDEh41?AB
2.1.2.3. Các hình thức cho vay
7841947?1I?2?:y?1>?P?24184GBDGH4K;z3?2?1M41:1>?vBC‡
− 1IGBD47b41=441s6E2_>4741C?^CGH4?1IvZ4TC]:PQ341
KIB41PKh?1GLPE`3vH47
+
− 1IGBD:SC471=4PK931=441s6:1o?1354?2?Ko24E^C:;_12:
:S3R4vZ4TC]:PQ341KIB41PKh?1GLPE`3vH47
2.1.2.4. Xét duyệt cho vay, kiểm tra và xử lý
− 7841947E;t?iCDf4DdC?^CQ12?11947?C47?]_:93V35C
?1>476341_1;<4724Q341KIB41Q1Z:13PQ1Z4@47:93?1J41?AB6M41
G9?AB47;`3rZIV[41:S;z?Q13iCD\:Eh41?1IGBD¤?aiCDf4?1]6K>:
G35??1IGBDP:1C1{34t:S;z?1=4Q13_12:1354Q12?1947?C47?]_
:1c47:34vB3vo:1x:PG3_1=61t_E{47:J4KL47
− 7841947?aiCDf4TUVW:93vZ4rZIEZ6:3f4GBD?ABQ12?1
1947GBDP:93vZ4?AB47;`3rZIV[41:SI47G35?:1o?1354471nBGLrZI
V[41ER:1C1{34t:1}IiCDEh41:=371hEh41?AB1J41_1AGfrZI
EZ6:3f4GBD?AB?2?:y?1>?:J4KL47¤Q1w3Q354Q12?11947G3_1=6
1t_E{47:J4KL47G947;`3rZIV[41Q1c47:1o?13541Iq?:1o?1354
Q1c47E¡47471nBGLrZIV[41:1}IiCDEh41?AB_12_VCx:
− 7841947E;t?63—4P73Z6V[3vC]:?1IGBDP_1J47841947¤73B

1=44t¤6CBr244t:1}IiCDEh41?AB
2.1.2.5. Bảo lãnh
− 7841947rZIV[41GBDPrZIV[41:1B41:I24PrZIV[41:1o?1354
1t_E{47PrZIV[41Ko:1^CG9?2?1M41:1>?rZIV[4147841947Q12?
?1I?2?:y?1>?:J4KL47P?24184:1}IiCDEh41?AB
− 7841947E;t?_1O_:1o?1354:1B41:I24iCH?:\E;t?:1o?
1354rZIV[41GBDPrZIV[41:1B41:I24G9?2?1M41:1>?rZIV[414784
1947Q12?6947;`341x4rZIV[41V9:y?1>??241844;z?47I93:1}I
iCDEh41?AB
2.1.2.6. Chiết khấu, tái chiết khấu, cầm cố thương phiếu và các giấy tờ có giá
ngắn hạn khác
− 7841947E;t??]_:J4KL47K;z31M41:1>??13\:Q1]C:1;<47
X
_13\CG9?2?73]D:`?a73247b41=4Q12?:1}IiCDEh41_12_VCx:1354
19417;`3?1Avw1pC:1;<47_13\CG9?2?73]D:`?a73247b41=4
Q12?_1Z3?1CDR473BI47BD6–3iCDf4PVt3J?11t__12__12:v341:~?2?
73]D:`Ea?1I7841947
− 7841947E;t??]_:J4KL47K;z31M41:1>??^6?H:1;<47
_13\CG9?2?73]D:`?a73247b41=4Q12?:1}IiCDEh41_12_VCx:1354
19417841947E;t?:1o?1354?2?iCDf4G9Vt3J?11t__12__12:v341
:SI47:S;`471t_?1Avw1pC?2?73]D:`EaQ1c47:1o?1354E^DEA
41p47?B6Q\::SI471t_E{47:J4KL47
− 7841947E;t?:23?13\:Q1]CP?^6?H:1;<47_13\CG9?2?73]D
:`?a73247b41=4Q12?EH3Gz3?2?:y?1>?:J4KL47Q12?:1}IiCDEh41
_12_VCx:13541941
− 7841947?a:1RE;t?7841947194;z?:23?13\:Q1]CG9
?1IGBD:Sd4?<vw?^6?H:1;<47_13\CG9?2?73]D:`?a73247b41=4
Q12?E[E;t??13\:Q1]C:1}IiCDEh41_12_VCx:13541941
2.1.2.7. Công ty cho thuê tài chính
7841947_1Z3:1941Vx_c47:D?1I:1Cd:93?1J41Q131I=:EF47?1I

:1Cd:93?1J41
2.1.2.8. Tài khoản tiền gửi của Ngân hàng
− 78419476w:93Q1IZ4:3f47U3:=3‚/w73BIKh?11Iq?
?1341241:™41P:1941_1H„4<37841947Eq::SLvw?1J41G9KCD
:SM:=3EavHK;:3f47U3Ko:Sprb:rCF?:1}IiCDEh41?AB¤
− 1341241?AB78419476w:93Q1IZ4:3f47U3:=3?1341241
:™41P:1941_1HP4<3Eq::SLvw?ABvw73BIKh?1P?1341241
− 78419476w:93Q1IZ4?1IQ12?1947:SI474;z?G947I93
4;z?:1}IiCDEh41?AB_12_VCx:
2.1.2.9. Dịch vụ thanh toán và ngân quỹ
e
− 7841947:1o?1354?2?Kh?1GL:1B41:I24G94784iCj
− 7841947:y?1>?15:1H47:1B41:I244F3rFG9:1B673B15
:1H47:1B41:I24V3d447841947:SI474;z?1B673B?2?15:1H47
:1B41:I24iCH?:\Q13E;t??1I_1O_
2.1.2.10. Các hoạt động khác
7841947:1o?1354?2?1I=:EF47Q12?vBC
− g•47 H4E3fCV5G9iCjKo:SpER7a_GH4P6CB?y_1^4?AB
KIB4147135_G9?AB?2?:y?1>?:J4KL47Q12?:1}IiCDEh41?AB_12_
VCx:
− a_GH4Gz3:y?1>?:J4KL474;z?47I93ER:1941Vx_:y?1>?:J4
KL47V3d4KIB41:=3 35:B6:1}IiCDEh41?AB1J41_1AGf:y?1>?G9
1I=:EF47?AB:y?1>?:J4KL474;z?47I93:=3 35:B6
− 1B673B:1h:S;`47:3f4:5:1}IiCDEh41?AB
− ,341KIB4147I=31H3G9G947:Sd4:1h:S;`47:SI474;z?G9:1h
:S;`47iCH?:\Q13E;t??1I_1O_
− ;t?iCDf4C¢:12?P41x4C¢:12?PV96E=3VW:SI47?2?Vn41Go?
V3d4iCB4E\41I=:EF4747841947PQR?ZG35?iCZ4VW:93vZ4PGH4E^C:;
?AB:y?1>?P?24184:SI47G947I934;z?:1}I1t_Ec47C¢:12?G9E=3
VW

− C47>47Kh?1GLrZI13R6¤E;t?:1941Vx_?c47:D:So?:1CF?
1Iq?V3d4KIB41ERQ341KIB41rZI13R6:1}IiCDEh41?AB_12_VCx:
− 1941Vx_?2??c47:D:So?:1CF?ER:1o?1354?2?1I=:EF47Q341
KIB41?aV3d4iCB4:z31I=:EF4747841947:1}IiCDEh41?AB_12_VCx:
]:?Z?2?7841947:1;<476=3?y_1^4E;t?_1O_1I=:EF47E^DEA
?2?47135_GL47841947
2.2. Cạnh tranh và năng lực cạnh tranh trong các ngân hàng thương mại
2.2.1. Khái niệm về cạnh tranh và đặc điểm cạnh tranh trong lĩnh vực ngân hàng
k
2.2.1.1.Khái niệm về cạnh tranh
a413fCiCB4E3R6Q12?41BCQ13Ef?x_E\4?=41:SB41P:1}I:~E3R4
Q341KIB41?AB41:1M?=41:SB41E;t?13RCV9“ Sự ganh đua, kình địch
giữa các nhà kinh doanh trên thị trường nhằm tranh dành cùng một loại tài
nguyên sản xuất hoặc cùng một loại khách hàng về phía mình”.
1}I419Q341:\1–?3?1B}VIS:}S?ABj:1M¥Cạnh tranh (kinh tế) là
giành lấy thị phần¦YZ4?1]:?AB?=41:SB41V9:M6Q3\6Vt341Cx4PV9Q1IZ4
Vt341Cx4?BI1<46>?Vt341Cx4:SC47rM4169KIB4147135_EB47?a,\:
iCZiC2:SM41?=41:SB41V9vorM41iC841aBVt341Cx4:SI4747941:1}I?13fC
1;z47?Z3:1354v8CK”4E\415iCZ732?Z?a:1R73Z6E3
ž7a?EF:1;<476=3:1Mcạnh tranh là một trận chiến giữa các doanh
nghiệp và các ngành kinh doanh nhằm chiếm được sự chấp nhận và lòng
trung thành của khách hàng5:1H47KIB4147135_:oKIEZ6rZI?1I?2?
47941?a:1R:o6M41E;BSB?2?iCD\:Eh41Gf6q:1947?^4vZ4TC]:P_1;<47
:1>?vZ4TC]:PG9:oEh41732?1IvZ4_1|61BDKh?1GL
=41:SB41V91354:;t47:o413d4PV968C:1C”4iCB41573pB?2??2:1R
?a?1C476F:6c3:S;`47vH47EH3Gz3E3fCQ35449IEa69?2??2:1R?•47
iCB4:86SI471I=:EF47Q341:\PEaV9vo7B41ECB73pB?2??1A:1RQ341:\
‚419vZ4TC]:P47;`3:3dCK•47„41s673941V]D41p47Gh:1\:;<47EH3:SI47
vZ4TC]:P:3dC:1L1BD:3dCK•4719471aBER:1CE;t?413fCVt3J?141]:?1I
6M41SI474f4vZ4TC]:19471I2P?=41:SB41V96F:iCDVCx:Q12?1iCB4PV9

6F:D\C:H:SI47?<?1\Gx4EF47?AB:1h:S;`47
=41:SB41V96F:iCDVCx:Q341:\?ABvZ4TC]:19471I2rw3:1o??1]:
4aTC]:_12::~iCDVCx:732:Sh?ABvZ4TC]:19471I2SI47vZ4TC]:1947
1I2Pvo:2?1r35::;<47EH373pB41p4747;`3vZ4TC]:Pvo_184?c47VBIEF47
T[1F3:]:D\CK”4E\4vo?=41:SB41ER73941E;t?41p47E3fCQ354:1Cx4Vt3
1<441;7^447C{447CDd4V35CP4184?c47S…P7^4:1h:S;`47:3dC:1LP73BI

:1c47Gx4:Z3:H:PQ1IB1–?Qj:1Cx:_12::S3R441s673Z66>?1BI_1JVBI
EF47?2r35::1]_1<46>?1BI_1JVBIEF47T[1F3?^4:13\:ER:1CE;t?
413fCV[3,13?•4vZ4TC]:19471I2P?•4_184?c47VBIEF47:1M?•4?a?=41
:SB41
=41:SB41?•47V96F:41C?^C:]:D\C?AB1I=:EF47Q341:\:SI47?<
?1\:1h:S;`47P41s66L?EJ?1?13\6Vn41:1h_1^4P:3dC:1LE;t?413fCvZ4
_1|619471I2ERE=:E;t?Vt341Cx4?BI41]:
=41:SB41TC]:_12::~1B3E3fCQ354?<rZ4V9_184?c47VBIEF47T[
1F3G9:J41EB47CDd4?1A:1RVt3J?1Q341:\PE3fC49DV96TC]:1354?2??CF?
E]C:SB4173941Vt3J?1Q341:\73pB47;`3vZ4TC]:19471aBP?C47?]_Kh?1
GLG9?2?:y?1>?:SC4773B4P:1o?1354_184_1H3V=3?2?vZ4_1|619471aBP
Kh?1GLCF?E]C:SB4149DKoB:Sd4v>?6=41Gf:93?1J41P?c474715P?1]:
V;t47EF347•VBIEF47PiCD6c1I=:EF47?AB:~47?1A:1RL?EJ?1?CH3
?•47?AB?2??1A:1RQ341:\V9:H3EB1aBVt3J?1P?AB47;`3vZ4TC]:Q341
KIB41V9Vt341Cx4G9?AB47;`3:3dCK•47V9:H3EB1aBVt3J?1Q13:3dCK•47
2.2.1.2.Cạnh tranh trong lĩnh vực ngân hàng và những đặc điểm cơ bản của
cạnh tranh trong lĩnh vực ngân hàng
?•47V96F:KIB4147135_?•4773H4741;6–3KIB4147135_G9
V96F:KIB4147135_Eq?r35:PGM:1\?•47:{4:=3GM6L?EJ?1?CH3
?•47V9Vt341Cx4 M:1\P?2??•47:M6EA6–3r354_12_ER?C47?]_
vZ4_1|6PKh?1GL?a?1]:V;t47?BIGz3413fCVt3J?1?1IQ12?11947PGz3
6>?732G9?13_1J?=41:SB4141]:Prd4?=41voEZ6rZIGf:J41?1J41T2?PEF
:34?xDG9vo:354Vt341]:41s6:1C1¡:Q12?11947P6wSF47:1h_1^4ERE=:

E;t?Vt341Cx4?BI41]:?1I47841947gIGxDP?=41:SB41:SI47V9
?•47V9vo:SB41ECBP7394173x:Q12?11947KoB:Sd4:]:?Z41p47Q1Z4@47
6947841947?aE;t?ERE2_>4741C?^C?ABQ12?11947GfG35??C47?]_
41p47vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL?a?1]:V;t47?BIP?avoEq?:S;47S3d47?AB6M41vI

Gz3?2?Q12?:Sd4:1h:S;`47P:=ISBVt3:1\?=41:SB41PV96:@47Vt3
41Cx447841947P:=IE;t?CD:J4P:1;<47135CG9Gh:1\:Sd4:1;<47:S;`47
¥@47Vo??=41:SB41?ABV9Q1Z4@4769KI?1J4147841947:=ISB
:Sd4?<vwKCD:SMG9_12::S3R441p47Vt3:1\GH4?aP41s6?•47?HG96wSF47:1h
_1^4¤73B:@47Vt341Cx4G9?aQ1Z4@47?1H47E§G9G;t:iCB41p47r3\4EF47r]:
Vt3?AB6c3:S;`47Q341KIB41¦(Theo:)
@47Vo??=41:SB41?ABE;t?E241732iCB?2?D\C:H‡4@47Vo?
:93?1J41¤4@47Vo??c474715¤47C{44184Vo?¤4@47Vo?iCZ4:ShE3fC1941¤
6=47V;z31I=:EF47¤6>?EFEBK=471aBvZ4_1|6Q341KIB41¤›:SI47EaP
4@47Vo?:93?1J41G94@47Vo??c474715E;t?T}6V941p47D\C:HiCB4
:S–471947E^CiCD\:Eh414@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB
 @47Vo??=41:SB41?AB6“347841947:SI4747941Gf?<rZ4?•47
73H4741;4@47Vo??=41:SB41?AB?2??c47:DvZ4TC]:41;47KIvZ4_1|6
?AB47841947V9?2?vZ4_1|6Kh?1GLPGMGxD?2?D\C:HZ411;w47E\44@47
Vo??=41:SB41?AB47841947?avoQ12?r35:vIGz36F:KIB4147135_vZ4
TC]:Q341KIB41:1c47:1;`47
=41:SB41:SI47Vn41Go?47841947?a41p47Eq?E3R6Q12?r35:vIGz3
?2?VI=3?=41:SB41Q12?41;vBC‡
− I=:EF47478419476B47:J4115:1H47S]:?BIP4\C4@47Vo?
?=41:SB41?AB6F:47841947D\C:1MK”4E\41I=:EF47Q341KIB41?AB
15:1H477q_Q1aQ1@4G9?a:1R:2?EF47:So?:3\_E\4:1h:S;`47:3f4:5P
78DZ411;w47T]CE\44f4Q341:\gIEaP1I=:EF47?=41:SB41?AB?2?
47841947:1;<476=3?^4_1Z3:C84:1A:1}I_12_VCx:
− I=:EF4747841947?aV3d4iCB4E\4413fC:y?1>?Q341:\P
?1J41:ShPT[1F3G9?24184P4\C6F:4784194749IEaEyG§:1Mv‘Z41

1;w47:3dC?o?E\4?2?47841947Q12?G9Q12?11947gIEaP:SI476–3
1I=:EF47?AB?2?47841947:1;<476=3PE3V3f4Gz3?=41:SB41V”441BC

V9vo1t_:2?Gz341BCER1;z47E\46F:6c3:S;`47?=41:SB41V941
6=411<4
− ~1B3Eq?E3R6:Sd4PER:S24141p4747CD?<EyG§?AB?Z15
:1H4747841947:1;<476=3:1M47841947194;z?_1Z3?avo7326
v2:?1q:?1‘:1h:S;`47:3f4:5PER?a41p4773Z3_12_?B4:135_Qh_:1`3
:S24141p47D\C:HV9vCDD\CG9:1c4:J41V”441BC:SI471I=:EF47
?AB?2?47841947:1;<476=3
− 7I93SBP1I=:EF4747841947Q1c4773z31=4_1=6G3:SI47
4;z?69?•4V3d4iCB4E\4?2?4;z?Q12?:SI471I=:EF47Q341:\EH3
47I=3gIEa1I=:EF47?AB47841947:1;<476=3?•4?1hCvo?13_1H3
?AB?2?D\C:H4;z?47I93 M:1\Pvo?=41:SB41?AB?2?47841947
:1;<476=3E•31Ÿ341p47?1C|46o?iCH?:\S]:?BIG9?^4_1Z3:C84
:1A:1}IE¡47:1c47V5iCH?:\
2.2.2.Các công cụ cạnh tranh của ngân hàng thương mại
2.2.2.1. Cạnh tranh bằng chất lượng
SI474f4Q341:\1354E=3479D4BDPQ1369Q1IB1–??c474715_12:
:S3R441;G•r[IPvZ4_1|6SBE`3479D?947_1I47_1¡EBK=47P:=I:1Cx4Vt3
?1IvoVoB?1–4?AB47;`3:3dCK•47G9Eq:419vZ4TC]::S;z??2?2_Vo??=41
:SB41479D?9477BD7b:G9ER?13\4:1b47:SI47?=41:SB41:1MrCF??2?419
vZ4TC]:_1Z34713d4?>CGx4KL47413fC_1;<47:1>?G9?c47?L?=41:SB41
Q12?41BCF:?c47?LiCB4:S–471BDE;t?Gx4KL4713544BDV94847?BI
?1]:V;t47vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL?C47?]_1;47EH3Gz36F:vH47941P:1M¥?1]:
V;t47¦V=3?a:J41?1]:Eh41:J411<4V9Eh41V;t47G94aE;t?T2?Eh41?1A
D\C:1c47iCBvoQ3R6Eh41E241732?AB?1J41Q12?11947vUKL47vZ4_1|6
Kh?1GLEa M:1\PG35?4847?BI?1]:V;t47vZ4_1|6196W_1Z3:~47r;z?
:1IZ6[4?BI41]:41p47DdC?^CPE•31Ÿ3:~_1JBQ12?11947
H3Gz3?2?PER?=41:SB41rs47?1]:V;t47_1Z3T8DKo47:1x:


:H:?13\4V;t?rs47?c474715G9?13\4V;t?47C{44184Vo?rd4?=41Gz3
G35?Q\:1t_?13\4V;t?:1h:S;`47P?13\4V;t?Q341KIB41_1•1t_1™?a
41;GxDP?2?vZ4_1|6Kh?1GL69?C47>476z3E2_>47E¡47G9
E^DEAPQh_:1`341C?^C:~_1JBQ12?11947
2.2.2.2. Cạnh tranh bằng giá cả
32?Z_1Z4241732:Sh?ABvZ4_1|6P732?Z?aGB3:S•iCB4:S–47EH3Gz3
iCD\:Eh41?ABQ12?11947H3Gz3?2?P732?Z?1J41V9V[3vC]:G9
6>?_1J2_KL47?1I?2?g ?C47>47?1I?2?,?AB6M41SI47G35?T2?
Eh416>?V[3vC]:G9_1JP?2?VCc4_1Z3EH36q:Gz341p4768C:1C”4‡
\C41;iCB4:86:z3Q1Z4@47?=41:SB41ER6wSF47:1h_1^4P:1M
?^4_1Z3E;BSB?2?6>?V[3vC]:G9_1J;CE[3?1I?2?,?AB6M41P:CD
413d4PE3fC49Dv‘V9673Z6:1C41x_?ABP:1x6?1J?a:1RQ13\4
rhV“1;474\C?1™?1¡:S–47E\4:1C41x_:1M_1Z3E;BSB6>?V[3
vC]:G9_1JvBI?1IE2_>47E;t?6L?:3dC:@47:1C41x_P:CD413d4PE3fC49D
?a:1RK”4E\4v‘rh6]:K”4,P73Z6:1h_1^4:SI47,gPrw3vCD?1I
?•47:1M,VCc4iCB4:86:z36L?:3dC:H3:1;t47:SI47,g:Sd4:1;<47
:S;`47V96:H3EB1I2Vt341Cx4P69ERE=:E;t?E3fCEa:1M?^4:3\:73Z6?2?
?13_1JE^CG9I3fC49D?a471nBV9?=41:SB41rs47732?ZEB47:Sw:1941
6F:r354_12_471¨I49441]:PGM4aV9673Z6rz:Vt341Cx4:3dC:1CE;t??AB
?2?NC]:_12::~68C:1C”4:Sd4PG35?Eh41732:1}IE¡4747B47732
:Sh:1h:S;`47v‘?1I_1O_?2?73pE;t?Q12?11947PKCD:SMG9_12:
:S3R4:1h:S;`47Sd4:1o?:\PG35?Gx4KL474184:H732ER?=41:SB41?1™_1•
1t_Q13T8641x_:1h:S;`476z3G9ERGx4KL47:H:?c47?L49DP?2?
:1;`47E;BSB6>?V[3vC]::1]_1<46>?V[3vC]:?AB?2?EH3:1A41s6Vc3QOI
Q12?11947G9?13\6Vn41:1h:S;`47[3vC]:G9_1JV9:J4135C_1Z4241:M41
1M41r3\4EF47?AB:1h:S;`47PV9:1c47vHiCBEa?2??a:1R4b6rb:
E;t?Q1Z4@47:1B41:I24?AB,?•4741;Q1Z4@47?=41:SB41?AB?2?EH3
#
:1A:Sd4:1;<47:S;`47gIGxDPG35?T2?Eh41V[3vC]::Sd4:1h:S;`47V9iCB4

:S–47PvI47:1}IK˜3:1c47:34_1Z41{3:~Q12?11947V9S]:?^4:13\:ER
E;BSB6>?V[3vC]:G9_1J?a:J41?=41:SB41c3Q13V[3vC]:G9_1J
69?2?T2?Eh41?1™:1CE;t?Vt341Cx441ŸP1I9GH4:1x6?1J?1hC
:1CBV“:=6:1`3,13:1o?vo?13\6Vn41:1h:S;`47P?•47V9V¡?V]DV=3
41p477ME[?13_1J:SI47?=41:SB41
2.2.2.3. Cạnh tranh bằng hệ thống phân phối
y?1>?1I=:EF47:3dC:1LvZ4_1|6V9Q18C?CH3?•47?ABiC2:SM41Q341
KIB41y?1>?:3dC:1LvZ4_1|6?1J41V91M41:1>??=41:SB41_13732?ZG9
78DSBvo?1¡WG9:1C1¡:Q12?11947/Z4_1|6g ?AB?a6F::SI47
41p47Eq?:J41V941B41:94VL3PQ1c47:1RV;C:SpP4d4G35?T8DKo47?2?
Qd41_184_1H3‚6=47V;z3r241947„:Sw:19416F:G]4Ef1\:v>?:S–47D\C
:SI47Q341KIB41w?2?,d41_184_1H3V9_1;<47:354:So?:3\_E;BvZ4
_1|6g ?ABE\4,PE{47:1`373¡_4b6rb:?1J41T2?G9Qh_:1`3
41C?^C?AB,PiCBEaP?1AEF47:SI47G35??Z3:3\4P1I94:1354vZ4
_1|6g P:=IE3fCQ354:1Cx4Vt3:SI47G35??C47?]_vZ4_1|6g ?1I,
R6wSF47:1h_1^4r24V…P?2?_12::S3R4?2?1M41:1>?_184_1H3?•47
413fC:354J?1‡
− ,d41_184_1H3:SCDf4:1H477{6‡‚„5:1H47?2?1341241¤‚„
=3VW‚1;`47E;t?2_KL47EH3Gz3?2??1;B?a?1341241„
− ,d41_184_1H31354E=3‡S;z?4@6e#kP?2?:1;`47_12::S3R4
6=416‘6=47V;z3?1341241ER6wSF47:1h_1^4G978Dv>?O_Vd4?2?
EH3:1A?=41:SB41CD413d4P:~4@6eXk:SwV=3E8DP?2?Qd41_184
_1H31354E=3Gz3;C:1\Gf413fC6q:EB47K^4:Sw:1941TC1;z47
?1C47YBI7{6‡
+ 2??1341241:oEF471I21I94:I94q?E3R6?ABQd41_184_1H3
49DV91I94:I94KI62D6a?:1o?1354PK;z3voE3fCQ13R4?AB?2?:13\:rh
(
E354:Ua?a41p47;C:1\:IVz4Gf?13_1J73BIKh?1G9:H?EF:1o?1354
47135_GLPE2_>4741C?^C479D?947EBK=47?AB,
+ 1341241J:4184G3d41341241J:4184G3d4?aGh:SJiCB4:S–47

:SI4715:1H47P41]:V9?2??1341241V;CEF47%CE3R6?AB?1¡47V9?13
_1J:1]_P1I=:EF47V3411I=:
+ E354:U‚ƒYB4Q347„1;<47:1>?_184_1H349D:1c47iCBE;`47
E354:1I=31Iq?62DG3:J41a?C47?]_?1I,S]:413fC:354J?1P:3\:Q356
?13_1JG9:1`373B4P1I=:EF47E;t?w6–3V¡?P6–34<32?73BIKh?1E;t?
:1o?1354:1c47iCB?2?_1;<47:35473BIKh?1E354:UrBI7{6‡
‚3„2D:1B41:I24:=3E3R6r241947‚ƒ©m/„P?1I_1O_,:1o?
1354rs47:1…6F:?2?141B417–447BD:=34<36CB1947¤
‚33„ 2DS¡::3f4:oEF47‚„P1I=:EF47ª73`P?C47?]_?1I
,?2?g 41;S¡::3f46q:P?1CDR4Q1IZ4PG]4:34vHK;G9413fCg Q12?¤
‚333„ iCBE354:1I=3‚}VYB4Q347„P:1c47iCB?2?4184G3d4:So?
62D1Iq?1F_:1;:1I=3P,?a:1R:1o?135473BIKh?1K—K947Gz3
+ iCB6=47;t??13BV96VI=3‡
‚3„iCB6=474F3rF‚6=47„‡5:1H4749D1I=:EF47KoB:Sd4
?<vw,?a:93Q1IZ4:=3P?a62D:J41?241844H36=47Gz3G9E@47
QW:1CdrBIGz3ERE;t??]_6[vH:SCD41x_G96x:Q1|C,?a:1RK•47
62D:J41?AB6M41:SCD41x_G9I62D?1A?ABER:1o?1354?2?73BIKh?1P
:M6Q3\6:1c47:34¤
‚33„ iCB6=4734:}S4}:‡8DV9VI=31M41w?]_?BI1<4,
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2.2.3.Năng lực cạnh tranh

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lực cạnh tranh là khả năng giành được thị phần lớn trước các đối thủ cạnh
tranh trên thị trường, kể cả khả năng giành lại một phần hay toàn bộ thị phần
của đồng nghiệp¦
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tranh là khả năng của các công ty, các ngành, các vùng, các quốc gia hoặc
khu vực siêu quốc gia trong việc tạo ra việc làm và thu nhập cao hơn trong
điều kiện cạnh tranh quốc tế trên cơ sở bền vững¦
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