Cấu trúc và hoạt động của hệ Vi xử lý

21/01/2014
1
 trúc và   
 Vi  lý
Lê Minh Thùy
 môn    và Tin  công 
 Hà 
1
 :   vi  lý EE3480
Chương 1
Tài  tham 
 D.A.Godse A.P.Godse,
Technical Publications, 2008
 



2
1.1  trúc   vi  lý
 
– 
– 
 


3
21/01/2014
2

 
First Draft of a Report on the

EDVAC*” 


– EDVAC: Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer
 



4

 Máy tính toán theo Von

– 
– 
logic
– 

– 
– 
nhau thông qua các path

control path

5

 
Neumann.
 


 

6
21/01/2014
3
 trúc  VXL 4004
7
1.2 Mô hình   VXL  
8
1.2 Mô hình   VXL  
9
21/01/2014
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1.2 Mô hình   VXL  
10
Common bus (3 bits)
 

Opcode
11

Lệnh
Hoạt
động
Số
bit
Thời
gian
thực hiện
(clock)

MOV A, C
A 
C
3 bit
1
MOV B, C
B 
C
3 bit
1
ADD
C 
A + B
3 bit
1
SUB
C  A -
B
3 bit
1
AND
C 
A and B
3 bit
1
OR
C 
A or B
3 bit
1

LOAD A


6 bit
2
LOAD B


6 bit
2
12
21/01/2014
5


13
 1
công  
0 0 0 0
14


0 0 0 1
15
100
21/01/2014
6


0 0 1 0

16


0 0 1 1
17
010


0 1 0 0
18
110
21/01/2014
7

 opcode  
– Opcode :  
– Operand: tùy theo opcode
19

 
(5  2)
 
 
 
20
1.3  vi  lý
21
21/01/2014
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Chu trình   

(1)
Tìm
(Fetch)
(2)

(Decode)
(3)


(Execute)
22


23


24
21/01/2014
9

 
25
    VXL

26








27
21/01/2014
10


 opcode của
lệnh tiếp theo
 


 

28


29




• carry / borrow
• overflow
• auxilliary carry
• zero
• parity
• 
30
21/01/2014

11




• 

• 


31



• 
• 

32



• 

33
21/01/2014
12



• 


• 

34



• 

• 
trình
35



• 
• 


36
21/01/2014
13
1.4 Chu trình   
 
– Stage 1: Fetch the instruction from code storage.
– Stage 2: Decode the instruction.
– Stage 3: Execute the instruction.
 
– Stage 1: Fetch the instruction from code storage.
– Stage 2: Decode the instruction.

– Stage 3: Execute the instruction.
– Stage 4: Write the results of the instruction back to the register
file.
 
 
37


38

39
21/01/2014
14


pipeline hoàn toàn  1


40





41
1.5  trúc Harvard
42
21/01/2014
15
43

  trúc Harvard    mô hình máy tính Harvard Mark I
 Harvard Mark I là  con tinh   Howard Aiken, nghiên 
sinh    1939. Sau ,   Harvard phát  và xây
 hoàn  máy tính Harvard Mark I  1943    tác
 IBM
Máy tính Harvard Mark I
1.5  trúc Harvard

   I/O      CPU
 Chu trình    « không  »





   trao  thông tin   vi  

44

 
   »





  


I/O




45
21/01/2014
16

 
   »





  

46



« I/O command »

phát sinh «  »



47

« I/O command »


phát sinh «  »

48
21/01/2014
17
 
Không

Có

49

 
– 

– 

50

 
– 

– 

interrupt handler (or interrupt service routine, ISR)
51
21/01/2014
18

 

–  INT 
CPU
–  INT »
cho CPU
– 

– 

52

 
– 
– 
 
– 

 
– 

53

 DMA : Direct Access Memory
 Trao  thông tin   vi và   mà không thông
qua CPU

54
21/01/2014
19

 

qua CPU
– 
– 
cho phép DMA

55