bài giảng thạch luận các đá magma -hoạt động magma liên quan đến điểm nóng lục địa

Hoạt động magma liên quan đến điểm nóng lục địa
Hoạt động magma liên quan đến điểm nóng lục địa
Các tỉnh thạch học lớn (Large
Các tỉnh thạch học lớn (Large
Igneous Provinces - LIPs)
Igneous Provinces - LIPs)

Oceanic plateaus
Oceanic plateaus

Some rifts
Some rifts

Continental flood basalts (CFBs)
Continental flood basalts (CFBs)
Kimberlit và lamprroit
Kimberlit và lamprroit
Columbia River Basalts at Hat Point, Snake River area.
Cover of Geol. Soc. Amer Special Paper 239. Photo courtesy
Steve Reidel.

1 – Yakutian, 2 – Arkhangelsk, 3 – East China, 4 – North Australia, 5 – South Africa,
6 – Central Africa, 7 – West Africa, 8- Brazil, 9 – Venezuela. GRB –Rio Grande
basalts, NATB – North-Atlantic Tertiary basalts (modified from Pirajno, 2003)
Parana
GRB
Yellowstone
Wrangellina
Galapagos

Manihiki
Karoo
Ethiopian
Afar
Deccan
Rajmahal
Broken Ridge
Ontong Java
Shatsky Rise
Tristan
Louisville
Iceland
NATB
Siberian
Balleny
Kergulen
Hess
Marion
8
9
10
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
Hawaii
Reunion

Tasmanian
Main flood basalts provinces Kimberlites fields
Emeishan




Hoạt động magma rift lục địa (rift cổ và trẻ)
Hoạt động magma rift lục địa (rift cổ và trẻ)
Basalt lũ (phủ tràn lục địa - trap)
Basalt lũ (phủ tràn lục địa - trap)
Kimberlit và lamprroit
Kimberlit và lamprroit




Figure 15-2. Flood basalt provinces of Gondwanaland prior to break-up
and separation. After Cox (1978) Nature, 274, 47-49.




Figure 15-3. Relationship of the Etendeka and Paraná plateau provinces to
the Tristan hot spot. After Wilson (1989), Igneous Petrogenesis. Kluwer.




CÁC TỔ HỢP MAGMA CỦA RIFT LỤC ĐỊA

CÁC TỔ HỢP MAGMA CỦA RIFT LỤC ĐỊA
Loạt phonolit và bazanit
Loạt phonolit và bazanit
Bazan kiềm – trachyt
Bazan kiềm – trachyt
Bazan - riolit
Bazan - riolit




CÁC TỔ HỢP MAGMA KIỂU TRAP
CÁC TỔ HỢP MAGMA KIỂU TRAP
(Siberi, Emeishan)
(Siberi, Emeishan)
Picrit – bazan (và các đá á núi lửa-xâm nhập) thuộc 2
Picrit – bazan (và các đá á núi lửa-xâm nhập) thuộc 2
loạt: toleit và kiềm.
loạt: toleit và kiềm.
Có mặt các đá trung tính-axit á kiềm và kiềm.
Có mặt các đá trung tính-axit á kiềm và kiềm.

Geologic map of the NW Siberian Platform showing distribution of Paleozoic
sediments and Siberian flood-volcanic rocks in the Maymecha-Kotuy and Noril’sk
areas. East of these areas are Proterozoic sedimentary rocks and Archean gneisses of
the Anabar Shield. In quadrangles are sample locations for zircon dating
(Kamo et al., 2003)
72°
70°
68°

88° 92°
96°
100°
10°4
0 100 200 km
251.1 0.3 Ma±
229.0
0.4 Ma
±
251.7 0.4 Ma±
251.2
0.3 Ma
±
Volochanka
Khatanga
Dudinka
Noril’sk
N
o
r
i
l
’
s
k

A
r
e
a

Y
e
n
i
s
e
y

R
.
P
y
a
s
i
n
a

R
.
K
h
a
t
a
n
g
a

R

.
M
a
y
m
e
c
h
a

R
.
.
K
o
t
u
y

R
.
.
M
o
y
d
r
o

R

.
.
K
u
r
e
y
k
a

R
.
K
u
r
e
y
k
a

R
.
K
o
t
u
y

R
.

.
J-K sidementary
rocks
Ptz sedimentary
rocks
1
Studied samples of
volcanic rocks
Studied samples of
the Noril’sk intrusion
Studied sample of
the Bolgakhtokh intrusion
the first stage P-T
volcanic rocks
21
Ar-Ptz gneisses of
the Anabar Shield
1
Є-P sidementary
rocks
1
The Gull alkaline-
ultramafic complex
250.2 0.3 Ma±
M
a
y
m
e
c

h
a
-
K
o
t
u
y

A
r
e
a
the second stage T
volcanic rocks
1

Trias
Legend
Traps
Basalts, dike complexes of basites & alkaline basites
Deposits
Cu-Ni-Pt
Ni-Co-As
Hg and Au-Hg
Cu-Mo porphyry


Figure 15-6. Variation in wt.% of selected major element oxides vs. Mg# for
units of the Columbia River Basalt Group. Winter (2001). An Introduction

to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. Data from BVTP
(Table 1.2.3.3), Hooper (1988a), Hooper and Hawkesworth (1993).


Figure 15-7. Condrite-normalized rare earth element patterns of some typical CRBG samples. Winter (2001).
An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. Data from Hooper and Hawkesworth
(1993) J. Petrol., 34, 1203-1246.


Figure 15-8. N-MORB-normalized spider diagram for some representative analyses from the CRBG. Winter (2001). An
Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. Data from Hooper and Hawkesworth (1993) J. Petrol.,
34, 1203-1246. Picture Gorge from Bailey (1989) Geol. Soc. Amer. Special Paper, 239, 67-84.


Figure 15-9. OIB-normalized spider diagram for some representative CRBG analyses. Winter (2001). An
Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. (data as in Figure 15-8).


Figure 15-11.
87
Sr/
86
Sr vs.
143
Nd/
144
Nd for the CRBG. Winter (2001). An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic
Petrology. Prentice Hall. Data from Hooper (1988a), Carlson et al. (1981), Carlson (1984), McDougall (1976),
Brandon et al. (1993), Hooper and Hawkesworth (1993).

Figure 15-11.
208
Pb/
204
Pb vs.
206
Pb/
204
Pb for the basalts of the CRBG. Included for reference are EMI, EMII, the
DUPAL group, the MORB array, and the NRHL (northern hemisphere reference line) connecting DM and HIMU
mantle reservoirs from Figure 14-6. Winter (2001). An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology.
Prentice Hall. Data from Hooper (1988a), Carlson et al. (1981), Carlson (1984), McDougall (1976), Brandon et al.
(1993), Hooper and Hawkesworth (1993).


Figure 15-14. Diagrammatic cross section illustrating possible models for the development of continental flood basalts. DM is
the depleted mantle (MORB source reservoir), and the area below 660 km depth is the less depleted, or enriched OIB source
reservoir. Winter (20010 An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall.




E m e i s h a n
B a s a l t
p r o v i n c e
K u n m i n g
D a l i
C h u x i o n g
b a s i n

E r h a i
S O U T H
C H I N A
Y u n n a n
J i n p i n g
L a n p i n g
S i m a o
b a s i n
L A O S
V I E T N A M
H a n o i
D i e n B i e n P h u
T u l e
b a s i n
T o n k i n
G u l f
S u t u r e
2 0 N
2 1 N
2 2 N
2 3 N
2 4 N
2 5 N
2 6 N
2 0 N
2 1 N
2 2 N
2 3 N
2 4 N
2 5 N

2 6 N
2 7 N
9 9 E 1 0 0 E 1 0 1 E 1 0 2 E 1 0 3 E 1 0 4 E 1 0 5 E 1 0 6 E 1 0 7 E
9 9 E 1 0 0 E 1 0 1 E 1 0 2 E 1 0 3 E 1 0 4 E 1 0 5 E 1 0 6 E 1 0 7 E
I N D O C H I N A
M a f i c - U l t r a m a f i c r o c k s
P - T r f l o o d b a s a l t s
P a l e o g e n e m a g m a s
P a l e o / M e s o z o i c g r a n i t e s
P a l e o / M e s o z o i c v o l c a n i c s
C e n o z o i c
A S R R m e t a m o r p h i c b e l t
L e g e n d
L a k e
B U R M A
T H A I L A N D
Intraplate
Intraplate
magmatism in
magmatism in
VN displayed
VN displayed
from Permian-
from Permian-
Triassic.
Triassic.
In Cenozoic,
In Cenozoic,
WP
WP

magmatism
magmatism
related to
related to
collision
collision
Indostan-
Indostan-
Eurasia.
Eurasia.
N-Q basalts in
N-Q basalts in
land related to
land related to
extention of
extention of
East Sea
East Sea


Isotope ages of Song Da komatiite
Isotope ages of Song Da komatiite
0.702
0.7025
0.703
0.7035
0.704
0.7045
0.705
0.7055

0.706
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
87
Sr/
86
Sr
87
Rb/
86
Sr
T = 257 ± 24 Ma
87
Sr/
86
Sr(0) = 0.70348 ± 5
Mẫu Rb Sr
87
Rb/
86
Rb
87
Sr/
86
Sr
H-680-1 2.66 64.9 0.119 0.7039 ± 4
H-680-2 4.82 33.3 0.251 0.70441 ± 4
H-680-3 6.12 44.2 0.4 0.70485 ± 10
H-680-5 7.5 39 0.55 0.70549 ± 6
H-680-7 2.81 30.2 0.267 0.70447 ± 4
H-680-8 6.24 41.8 0.423 0.70515 ± 30

Sample Re (ppb) Os (ppb)
187
Re/
188
Os
187
Os/
188
Os
187
Os/
188
Os(i)
B6865 0.5111 2.082 1.183 0.12995 0.12501
B6887 0.4121 4.075 0.0498 0.12546 0.12525
B6892 0.4125 3.915 0.5077 0.12752 0.1254
G1456 0.3456 1.625 1.025 0.13005 0.12577
P11/86 0.18 6.995 0.1239 0.12549 0.12498


Distribution of REE in komatiite-
Distribution of REE in komatiite-
basalt association of Song Da rift,
basalt association of Song Da rift,
Emeishan and Siberian traps,
Emeishan and Siberian traps,
normalized to chondrit
normalized to chondrit
(Sun&M.Donough, 1989)
(Sun&M.Donough, 1989)

Spider-diagramm for komatiite-
Spider-diagramm for komatiite-
basalt association of Song Da rift,
basalt association of Song Da rift,
Emeishan and Siberian traps,
Emeishan and Siberian traps,
normalized to PM (Sun
normalized to PM (Sun
&M.Donough, 1989)
&M.Donough, 1989)


Spider-diagramm of NW Song Da
Spider-diagramm of NW Song Da
High-Ti basalts in comparision
High-Ti basalts in comparision
with Emeishan’s.
with Emeishan’s.
Spider-diagramm of SE Song Da
Spider-diagramm of SE Song Da
High-Ti basalts in comparision
High-Ti basalts in comparision
with Emeishan’s.
with Emeishan’s.




KIMBERLIT VÀ LAMPROIT
KIMBERLIT VÀ LAMPROIT


VỊ TRÍ KIẾN TẠO:
VỊ TRÍ KIẾN TẠO:

Kimberlit thường ở trong craton (trong nền);
Kimberlit thường ở trong craton (trong nền);

Lamproit thường đặc trưng cho các đai động
Lamproit thường đặc trưng cho các đai động
ven nền.
ven nền.