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 ()∗β#χ)∋)∗.∋(ηι)∗β#χ)∋)∗βξ#β#&∀Η.)∋(γ)(γ)Ι−
υ()!.∋Β∋)∗ε∋ω))∋δ)∋

/ / / / / /
Ρ Ρ Ρ Ρ
Η Ι Η Ι Η Ι
       
                     


∀) κ#)  (κ
   
   


  
  
 
  
%ν#
/ /
 

  

 µ∋#




∋∀σ







Ρ∋|)∋∀)∋ε∋∀∋)
 µ∋#



∋∀σ







Ρ∋|.∋!ε∋∀∋)


2
;/
;/
;
;
Ν


Ρ
Ρ

Ν

0δ)∗
0δ)∗


:4Λ
 !





 µ∋#

ϕ

∋∀σ







ϕΡ∋|.)∗ε∋∀%ν#−

.βθ
;∀ρ

 ϕ
Β
∗#∃γ∋#χ))∗.ο)∗∋)∗ηι)∗β#χ)
∆−)∗κ&()∋#χ∼)β()!.∋Β
υ)∗κ&α.∋φ#Υϕ.(κ

µ.(κΗ/λµ

&µ

#
Ι
υ)∗κ&&)∗+|)∋Υϕ.(κ

ϕ
/
Β−
Φ−#χ)δεϕ

µ
Ρ
.(κΗ

µ

Ιβ..(#∗!!οβ#χ)δε∋)∗βξ#


%γ!οβ#χ)δερ(∀σ
.∋#τ&ϕ
Ρ
.(κΗ

µ

Ιβ)∗∋φ#β{%γ(β()!.∋−
ϑ−ψ)κηι)∗β#χ)η(!δσε∋δβ#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&!οε∋∀.θΥ.{ε..Γ(&∀σ%ν#%).)
%ι)∗∗#ωσε∋δ∀Τϕε)
∋)∗∗#&∀∋&)∗ηωσ.π∀!δσε∋δβ#χ)

ϕ0.(κΗ

µ

Ιϕ

Ρ
.(κΗ

µ

Ι
ν#

Ρ
ϕ0∃γ∋)∗..β#Γ∃γκ%ι)∗ηωσΓ∃γ.!α)∗.π∀φ)∗Γ0∃γη#χ)
.∋.π∀%ι)∗ηωσΓ


ϕ/

Τ
0&β#χ)βο)∗()∗∋&)∗ηωσ€ϕ

0.(κΗ

µ

Ν
/

Ιϕ
Ρ
.(κΗ

µ

Ν
/

Ι
ν#
Ρ
ϕ

0∃γκ&β#χ)βο)∗..β#−

>?≅:2 Α>


:∀ΜΝ : ΟΜΠ Θ

+,)−∀.
∋)∗&∀∋&)∗ηωσ.π∀!δσε∋δβ#χ)
ϕ0.(κΗ
Γ
 
 
Ιϕ0.(κΗµΙϕ
Ρ
.(κΗµΙ%ν#
Ρ
ϕ0−

Ην#

ϕ%γχκ.!ϕ

−Ρ
Νϑ

/
−0∃Ι

0&βο)∗()∗∋&)∗ηωσ.π∀!δσε∋δβ#χ)
€ϕΝ



ϕΝϒϕ0κ#)ΗµΙϕ

Ρ
.(κΗµΝ
/

Ι%ν#
Ρ
ϕ
Ρ
ϕ0−
µ0γη#χ).∋!ο%ι)∗ηωσ
µ0%ι)∗ηωσ.π∀∋&)∗
µ


′..!α)∗.π∀φ)∗βτ&Η


%&)∗∗θ.%ν#.&∀σ

Ι
µ

).∗θ.∋)∗βξ#.π∀∋&)∗Η∋)∗.∋φ#∗#∀)ϕΡ∃.Η
Γ Ι
 

 
Ρ
Ρ
Ι

 
δ.∗#δ≤∋#χ&η)∗ϕ
Ρ
/

ϕ
Ρ
/

 ϕ
Ρ
/

−
ψ)κηι)∗β#χ)η(!δσε∋δβ#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&!οε∋∀.θΥ.{ε..Γ(&∀σ%ν#%).)
%ι)∗∗#ωσε∋δ∀Τϕε)
∋&|ψ)κϕ
/


Τϕ
/


−

Ρ=<;

∀;ο∋&)∗ηωση⁄)ε∋∞)∗ηƒ∋|)∋.∋♣)∋.θ∆ΡΡ%ι)∗ηωσΓη#χ).∋!ϖ#%ι)∗∆
.!

/
− ∋&)∗ ηωσ &∀σ βτ& &∀)∋ !ο . β# ρα)∗ Η∋&ο. !{ ε∋∞)∗ .π∀ ∋&)∗ΙΓ ()∗ 
φ)∗βτ&.θ%€..!α)∗%&)∗∗θ.%ν#.&∀σ%γ.θβο∃ν)ϕΡΓ/−)∋
 !





∋)∗..β#&∀∋&)∗ηωσ−_κ&β#χ)βο)∗.!α)∗ρ&∋#χ)()∗∋&)∗ηωσ.θψ)κ
∆Ρ∋|∋&)∗ηωσε∋#&∀σ%ν#.βο+∀()∋#∼&%ι)∗ε∋♦

∀.θ
Ρ
ϕ0ϕΡΓ∆Σ+)ϕ
ΦΡ


ϕΞΡΡΡ%ι)∗ε∋−

ΙΣ−;ο∋&)∗ηωση⁄)ε∋∞)∗ηƒ∋|)∋.∋♣)∋.θ∆ΡΡ%ι)∗ηωσΓη#χ).∋!ϖ#%ι)∗∃γ//Ρ
.!
/
−∋&)∗ηωσ&∀σβτ&%ν#.βο∆Ρ%ι)∗κ&∀)∋.β#ρα)∗)♥!()∗!{ε∋∞)∗∋&)∗
ηωσΓ()∗!οφ)∗βτ&.θ%′..!α)∗


%&)∗∗θ.%ν#.&∀σ%γ.θβο∃ν)
/



−)∋κ&β#χ)βο)∗..β#ρ&∋#χ)()∗∋&)∗ηωσ−

∀.θΤϕ)ϕ∆Ρϕ/ΤϕΡΡ∀ηκ
Ρ
ϕ0ϕ//Ρ
/
−

Τ;ο∋&)∗ηωση⁄)∋|)∋.∋♣)∋.θ∆ΡΡ%ι)∗Γη#χ).∋!ϖ#%ι)∗ΡΡ.!
/
Γ&∀σβτ&
&∀)∋.β#ρα)∗.π∀∋&)∗%ν#.βο∗θ./Ρ%ι)∗ε∋()∗!οφ)∗βτ&.θ.!
α)∗+♥)∗ΡΓ−.&∀σ%&)∗∗θ.%ν#.δ.βφ)∗κα.−∋)∗.∋φ#∗#∀)∃γ∃.%′.
ε∋δε&σζ).π∀!{ε∋♠)∗∋&)∗ηωσ.)∗∋ν)∗%ν#%′..!α)∗−#ζ+#_&∋α.κ&
β#χ)βο)∗.!α)∗α.∋φ#()∗∋&)∗−

∀.θ
Ρ
ϕ0ϕΦΣ+ϕ
ΦΡ

/ϕ∀ηκ
ϕ
Ρ
.(κΗ

Γ
Ιϕ
Ρ

.(κΗµΙ∋#ϕΡ∋|Η

Γ
ΙϕΡϕΡ−
 σϕΦ.(κΗΣ+Ι€ϕΝϒϕ/κ#)ϕ/.(κΗΝ
/

ΙΗΙ−

Υ−∋)∗&∀%ι)∗ηωση⁄)∃γϕ
/
/−Ρ


.(κΗΡΡΝ


ΙΗΣ+Ι−|!+#_&∋α..π∀κ&
β#χ)βο)∗.!α)∗∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&.&ο)ηωσ∗!∆Ρ%ι)∗ηωσ)γσ−

∀.θ€ϕΝϒϕ∆Ρ−ΡΡ
/
/−Ρ


κ#)ΗΡΡΝ


ΙϕΞΡΡ.(κΗΡΡΝ
Ξ



ΙΗΙ−

ς
;ο∋&)∗ηωσ.θη#χ).∋0ϕΦΡ.!/&∀σβτ&%ν#%)./Ρ%ι)∗()∗!ο∗#ωσ−∋&)∗β{()∗
φ)∗βτ&ϕ/−ΡΝ/−.&∀σ.π∀∋&)∗%&)∗∗θ.%ν#.δ.βφ)∗.!α)∗Γ∃.ϕΡε∋δε&σζ)∋&)∗
ηωσ.θ∋ν)∗.π∀−
∀−#ζ+#_&∋α.∋)∗ρ&σ∼)&∀∋&)∗ηωσ−
+−#ζ+#_&∋α.κ&β#χ)βο)∗.!α)∗ρ&∋#χ)()∗∋&)∗ηωσ−
/)012

 
ΡΓΡ∆




  

/ / −/Ρ Ρ


   
  

/  ∆
−/−Ρ −ΦΡ−Ρ /−Ρ



  
   


/−Ρ .(κΡ



 


∆ /
Ρ −/−Ρ Γ∆−Ρ
 

 
 
   

 !



Φ


/
Γ∆−Ρ κ#) Ρ
 




 
/
.(κ
/
Γ∆−Ρ Ρ 



 
 
 
 

#
;ο∋&)∗ηωση⁄)∗!ϕΡΡ%ι)∗&))##ζεΓη#χ).∋!ϖ#%ι)∗ηωσ∃γ0ϕΦΡ.!/−∋&)∗ηωσ
&∀σβτ&%ν#ψ)κ/Ρ%ι)∗κΓ()∗!οφ)∗βτ&.θ.!α)∗ϕ/−ΡΝ/−.&∀σ.π∀∋&)∗%&)∗
∗θ.%ν#−#ζ+#_&∋α..π∀κ&β#χ)βο)∗.!α)∗α.∋φ#−
/)012
∋&|
 
ΡΓΡ∆




  
κ−ψ)κ∗θ.
/ / /Ρ Ρ



   
  
Η∀ηκΙ
#∼)βο.π∀κ&β#χ)βο)∗
(
ϕ0ϕΡ

−ΡΡ−/−Ρ
Ν/
−ΦΡ−Ρ
Ν


Γ∆
∋)∗.∋φ#∗#∀)∃.


Γ Ρ
 

 

Ρ

 
−
0&β#χ)βο)∗.!α)∗α.∋φ#
κ#) Γ∆κ#)Ρ


   
 
 
ΗΙ∀σ
Γ∆.(κ Ρ
/
 
 
 
 
 


ΗΙ−
&
;ο∋&)∗ηωση⁄).θϕΡΡ%ι)∗ηωσ&))##ζεΓ!ϖ#%ι)∗.θη#χ).∋0ϕ∆Ρ.!
/
−∋&)∗ηωσ
β.β{()∗φ)∗βτ&ϕΡΓ∆−.ϕΡΓ%€.ε∋δε&σζ).π∀∋&)∗ηωσ∋ε%ν#


∗θ.
Ξ



−∋(
∋&)∗ηωσ&∀σβτ&%ν#ψ)κ/Ρ%ι)∗κ&∀)∋.


Η.β#&∀ω!%γ κ()∗κ()∗ %ν#!ο.)∋.π∀
∋&)∗Ι%&)∗∗θ.%ν#


−∋α)∗↔♥)∗()∗∋&)∗ρ&∋#χ)κ&β#χ)βο)∗.!α)∗€%γ|!+#_&∋α..π∀
€∋€(−
/)012
∋&)∗ηωσ&∀σβτ&&∀)∋.

%&)∗∗θ.%ν#.!α)∗


∋|∗θ.∋ε+#%€.ε∋δε&σζ)


.π∀
∋&)∗ηωσ%γ


∋∀σβξ#∋)∗&∀∋&)∗ηωσ+#ζ)∋#∼)∋€(β≤)∋∃&.!α)∗β#χ)Γ()∗∋&)∗
ηωσρ&∋#χ)κ&β#χ)βο)∗.!α)∗−
ψ)κ∗θ.
/ / −/Ρ Ρ


   
  
Η∀ηκΙ
#∼)βο.π∀κ&β#χ)βο)∗


Ρ −ΡΡ−ΡΓ∆−∆Ρ−Ρ ΞΓ/

 
 

  
ΗΙ
∋)∗.∋φ#∗#∀)∃.


Γ
Ξ
 


 

#_&∋α..π∀κ&β#χ)βο)∗.!α)∗α.∋φ#
ΞΓ/ κ#) Ρ
Ξ
 


 
 
 
 
ΗΙ
∀σ
ΞΓ / .(κ Ρ

Φ
 


 
 
 
 
ΗΙ
∃ΩϑΙ!!∃
;ο∋&)∗ηωση⁄)∋|)∋.∋♣)∋.θΡΡ%ι)∗Γη#χ).∋!ϖ#%ι)∗ΦΡΡ.!
/
Γ&∀σβτ&&∀)∋
.β#ρα)∗.π∀∋&)∗%ν#%).∗θ./Ρ%ι)∗ε∋()∗!οφ)∗βτ&.θ.!α)∗+♥)∗ΡΓ/−.
&∀σ%&)∗∗θ.%ν#.δ.βφ)∗.!α)∗−∋)∗.∋φ#∗#∀)∃.%€.ε∋δε&σζ).π∀!{ε∋∞)∗∋&)∗ηωσ
)∗.∋ν)∗%ν#%€..!α)∗−#_&∋α.κ&β#χ)βο)∗.!α)∗()∗∋&)∗∃γ
 6−
€ Λ κ#)ΗΡ  ΙΗΙ−
/

   
 −
€ ΓΛ κ#)Η  ΙΗΙ−
    

 −
€ Λ κ#)Η  ΙΗΙ−
    
 −
€ ΓΛ κ#)ΗΡ  ΙΗΙ−

/

   








          
      
            
  


:Ι:<:Β9,9Ξ8<Θ >? Ψ

ι)∗β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&()∗β()!.∋.∋}.∋α∀Β∋({.∋({.−
 !



ϑ

_|!.δ.β#∃)∗∼)β()!.∋ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&∀|!.)∗∋α.∃#∼)&∀)βζ).δ.β#∃)∗β←
+#ζ%ν#)θϕβ#∃)∗.ψ)|!−

+3∀45

#_&∋α..π∀#%γ&
Ρ
.(κΗµ
#
Ι&ϕ
Ρ
.(κΗµ
&
Ι−
ο∃χ.∋ε∋∀∗#♣∀&%γ#ϕ
&
Ν
#
−
()∗∗#ωσηι)∗β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&.θψ)κΤΗ)∋∀Ιβξ#.∋#τ&/Τ∃ψ)−

#_&∋α..π∀β#χ)δεα.∋φ#&ϕ
Ρ

(κΗ Ι

 
 

Η


∃γε∋∀+∀)βψ&.π∀β#χ)δεΙ
#_&∋α..π∀.φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)α.∋φ#()∗!.∋ϕ
Ρ

(κΗ Ι

 
 

Η


∃γε∋∀+∀)βψ&.π∀ηι)∗β#χ)Ι
#δ≤∋#χ&η)∗µφ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)∋#χ&η)∗ϕ
Ρ
/


 µ#χ&β#χ)∋ζ∋#χ&η)∗ ϕ
Ρ
/


µ0&β#χ)βο)∗∋#χ&η)∗ ϕ
Ρ
/



υ()!.∋.∋}.θβ#χ)∋&ψ)Β

.)∗ε∋∀%ν#ΓΗ

ϕ


&


#
ϕΡΙ
     




%γ
Ρ
Ρ






()∗
#χ)Β.∋(ηι)∗β#χ)∋)∗βξ#β#&∀%γ.θ





υ()!.∋.∋}.θ.&ο)∋&ψ).!

)∋∀)∋ε∋∀∋)∃γ

/

ΓΗ

ϕ

&


#
ϕ
/

Ι
     





%γ
Ρ
Ρ





%ν#


ϕ

∃γ.!∋δ)∗

()∗
&ο)∋&ψ).!.∋(ηι)∗β#χ)∋)∗βξ#β#&∀∋(γ)(γ)Η∋)∗.)Ι−
υ()!.∋.∋}.θβ#χ)

.∋!ε∋∀∋)∃γ
/

ΓΗ

ϕ

&


#
ϕΝ
/

Ι
    





%γ

Ρ
Ρ





%ν#






∃γη&)∗∋δ)∗

()∗
β#χ)∋)∗.∋(ηι)∗β#χ)∋)∗βξ#β#&∀Η.)∋(γ)(γ)Ι−


Ρ=<;

∀
 { %γ( ∋∀#βψ& .&ο) .! ϕ ↑ΗΙ !ο ∋#χ& β#χ) ∋ζ ρ(∀σ .∋#τ& //Ρ ∆Ρ−
φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)∋#χ&η)∗&∀.&ο).!∃γ
6−ϕ/Γ/6−  −ϕ/ΓΡ6− −ϕΓΦ6− −ϕΓ6−

!∋δ)∗.π∀.&ο).!β.)∋∋€(.)∗∋α.







−
φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)()∗!.∋ϕ

ϕ/Γ/6−ϕ∋)6−


Ι
{%γ(∋∀#βψ&β#χ)
ΙΗ
Ρ





!ο∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζρ(∀σ.∋#τ&&ϕ.(κΗΡΡ↑Ι−
&)∗∋δ)∗.π∀β#χ)∃γ
 !



Λ

6−

ϕ∆Ρ→−  −


ϕΡΓΡ→− −

ϕ6−−

ϕΡΡ→−

+#_&∋α.&ϕ.(κΗΡΡ↑ΙΓκ&σ∀↓ϕΡΡ↑Η∀ηκΙ−&)∗∋δ)∗.π∀β#χ)β.)∋
∋€(.)∗∋α.










−ϕ∋)−
Τ
{%γ(∋∀#βψ&.&ο).!
ΙΗ




!ο∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζρ(∀σ.∋#τ&&ϕ.(κΗΡΡ↑Ι−
!∋δ)∗.π∀.&ο).!∃γ
6−


ϕ/ΡΡ→−  −

ϕΡΡ→−  −

ϕ∆Ρ→−  −

ϕ/∆→−

+#_&∋α.&ϕ.(κΗΡΡ↑ΙΓκ&σ∀↓ϕΡΡ↑Η∀ηκΙ−!∋δ)∗.π∀.&ο).!β.
)∋∋€(.)∗∋α.






−ϕ∋)−

Υ
{%γ(∋∀#βψ&β#χ)
ΙΗ
Ρ





!ο∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζρ(∀σ.∋#τ&&ϕ.(κΗΡΡ↑Ι−
φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)&∀β#χ)∃γ

6−ϕΓ6− −ϕΓΡΡ6−  −ϕ/ΓΡΡ6−  −ϕΡΡ→−

+#_&∋α.&ϕ.(κΗΡΡ↑ΙϕϕΡΡ%γψ)κ∗θ.↓ϕΡΡ↑Η∀ηκΙ−&)∗∋δ)∗
.π∀β#χ)β.)∋∋€(.)∗∋α.










−φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)()∗!.∋ϕ.−
ϕ∋)−

ς
{%γ(∋∀#βψ&.&ο).!
ΙΗ




!ο∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζρ(∀σ.∋#τ&&ϕ.(κΗΡΡ↑Ι−
φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)∋#χ&η)∗&∀.&ο).!∃γ
6−ϕΓ6− −ϕΓΡΡ6−  −ϕ/ΓΡΡ6−  −ϕΡΡ→−

&ϕ.(κΗΡΡ↑ΙΓϕϕΡΡΓ↓ϕΡΡ↑Η∀ηκΙ−







−ϕϕ

ϕ6ϕ

∋)−

#
−ι)∗β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&.θ.φ)∗βο#ϕ.(κ/ΡΗ6Ι−5δ.β≤)∋.φ)∗βο∋#χ&η)∗.π∀
ηι)∗β#χ)%γ.∋(+#ζ()∗∋φ#∗#∀)/κηι)∗β#χ)βξ#.∋#τ&+∀()∋#∼&∃ψ)♦


∀.θϕ
Ρ
/

ϕ/
/
6Τϕ
/


ϕΦΡ−
 ()∗/∗#ωσηι)∗β#χ)βξ#.∋#τ&Τϕ/Ρ∃ψ)−

&

−ι)∗β#χ).∋σ&∀!οβ()!.∋.θ+#_&∋α.#ϕ
Ρ
.(κΡΡ−()∗∋()∗∋φ#∗#∀)
Ρβζ)ΡΓΡ/κΓρδ.β≤)∋.δ.∋φ#β#_!.φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ).θ∗#δ≤α.∋φ#.θ∗#δ≤+♥)∗
∀ΙΡΓ∆
  
+Ι
/
/

Ρ
−

∀Ι∀.θΡΓ∆
Ρ
ϕ
Ρ
.(κΡΡ

.(κΡΡϕ.(κΗ°
Ξ

Ι

ΡΡϕ°
Ξ

µ/
 !




Θ


 ϕ °

ΞΡΡ
 µΡΓΡ/%ν# − δ. )∗∋#χ!η)∗)∋↔ ∋)∋({. +♥)∗ ΡΓΡ/κ ()∗ /∋
)∗∋#χ!)γσ∃γϕ

ΞΡΡ
κ%γϕ

ΦΡ
κ−
 +Ι∀.θ
/
/

Ρ
ϕ
Ρ
.(κΡΡ

.(κΡΡϕ.(κΗ°


Ι


ΡΡϕ°


µ/

  ϕ °

ΡΡ
µ ΡΓΡ/ %ν#   − δ. )∗∋#χ! η)∗ )∋↔ ∋) ∋({. +♥)∗ ΡΓΡ/ κ ()∗ / ∋
)∗∋#χ!)γσ∃γϕ

ΡΡ
κ%γϕ
ϑ
ΡΡ
κ−

∃
#∋φ#β#_!Γβ#χ)δε&ϕ/ΡΡ
/
.(κΗΡΡ↑Ν
/

ΙΗ&)∋+♥)∗Γ)∋+♥)∗κΙ.θ∗#δ≤∃γ
ΡΡ
/
%γβ∀)∗∗#!−5δ.β≤)∋β#χ)δε)γσκ∀&∋φ#β#_!βθ

ΞΡΡ
κ−



#∋φ#β#_!&ϕΡΡ
/
ϕ/ΡΡ
/
.(κΗΡΡ↑Ν
/

Ι

.(κΗΡΡ↑Ν
/

Ιϕ

/
ϕ.(κΗ°
Ξ

Ι−|&β∀)∗∗#!)∼)∀)∋))∗∋#χ!ΗµΙ

ΡΡ↑Ν
/

ϕ
Ξ


ϕ


/Ρ
ΗκΙ−
 0∀&∋φ#β#_!βθ

ΞΡΡ
κΓ∀.θ
  &ϕ/ΡΡ
/
.(κΗΡΡ↑Η

/Ρ
µ

ΞΡΡ
ΙΝ
/

Ιϕ/ΡΡ
/
.(κ
/
Ξ

ϕΝΡΡ
/
ΗΙ−

%
−#χ)δερ(∀σ.∋#τ&∗#♣∀∋∀#β#_!6%γ+#ζ)∋#∼)β#τ&∋ι∀%ν#+#_&∋α.

&ϕ//Ρ
/
.(κΗΡΡ↑µ
Φ

ΙΗ()∗βθ&)∋+♥)∗Γ)∋+♥)∗κΙ−#∋φ#β#_!

)θ.θ∗#δ≤α.
∋φ#&

ϕ//Ρ%γβ∀)∗.θρ&∋ν)∗±)∗−↔##∋φ#β#_!
/
)∗∀σκ∀&

∆!κ∋|)θ.θ∗#δ≤α.∋φ#
&
/
+♥)∗+∀()∋#∼&♦

∀.θ&

ϕ//Ρϕ//Ρ
/
.(κΗΡΡ↑

µ
Φ

Ι


.(κΗΡΡ↑

µ
Φ

Ιϕ
/
/
ϕ.(κΗ


Ι−

|&β∀)∗±)∗)∼)∀)∋))∗∋#χ!ΗΝΙ

ΡΡ↑

µ
Φ

ϕΝ






ϕΝ

/Ρ

κ



/
ϕ

µΡΓΡΡ∆ϕ
ΡΓ/
/Ρ
κ

&
/
ϕ//Ρ
/
.(κΗΡΡ↑
/
µ
Φ

Ιϕ//Ρ−

∀!
;ο!β#χ)∋(βο)∗+|)∋∋φ)∗∋#)#%ν#!)∗β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&.θβ#χ)δε∋#χ&
η)∗∃γ//ΡΓβ#χ).π∀!∋#βθ∃γΛΓ−)∋)∋#χ∃)∗η(!↔∀∀()∗∋φ#∗#∀)
!οε∋−

∀.θϕ



ϕΓ∆∆6Υϕ
/
Βϕ
/


ϕΡΡΡΣ>ϕΥϕΦΡΡΡΡ″ϕΦΡ≥−
 !



Ρ

:Τ:4Λ:<:Β9,9Ζ 7>

υ()!.∋Β∋)∗ε∋ω))∋δ)∋

/ / / / / /
Ρ Ρ Ρ Ρ
Η Ι Η Ι Η Ι
       
                     


∀) κ#)  (κ
   
   



  
  
 
  
%ν#
/ /
 

  

 µ∋#



∋∀σ







Ρ∋|)∋∀)∋ε∋∀∋)
 µ∋#



∋∀σ








Ρ∋|.∋!ε∋∀∋)
 µ∋#

ϕ

∋∀σ







ϕΡ∋|.)∗ε∋∀%ν#ϕ∋#χ))∗.ο)∗∋)∗
β#χ).βθ
;∀ρ

 ϕ
Β

 
ζ&()∗β()!.∋.θ)∋#τ&ε∋ψ)ΒΓΓ!.)##ζε∋|()∗∋#)∋ξ)∗∋({.βο
∃χ.∋ε∋∀≥∗#♣∀&%γ#∀β{ΒϕΒ

µΒ

/
µ−−−

ϕ

µ
/
µ−−−

ϕ

µ
/
µ−−−−ζ&!.∋∋)∗.θβ#χ)
∋γ)∋ε∋ψ))γ(∋|.∋()θϕΡ−


Ρ=<;
∀
∋).ω&
6
−∋(!.∋β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&)∋∋|)∋%×Η|)∋ΘΙ−∗φ#∀β(β..δ.
∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζ
6;
ϕΦΓ
;
ϕ/ΡΓ

ϕΛ−#χ&β#χ)∋ζ∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&β()!.∋6∃γ
 6− 

2
−/Ρ  −/Λ  −Φ
/−+1[∴+∋+2

)∗.δ..)∗∋α.
 
  
    
]

/Ρ
Ι
−ζ&β{%γ(∋∀#βψ&.&ο)ηωσβ#χ)δε.∋#τ&Θ∋|
.φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)()∗.&ο)ηωσ∃γΡΓ∆6−ζ&β{%γ(∋∀#βψ&.&ο)ηωσβ#χ)δερ(∀σ.∋#τ&
.θ∗#δ≤∋#χ&η)∗∃γΘ∋|.φ)∗βο∋#χ&η)∗.π∀ηι)∗β#χ)&∀.&ο)ηωσ∃γΡΓΞ6−5δ.
β≤)∋β#χ)∋&ψ)%γ.!∋δ)∗.π∀.&ο)ηωσ−

∀.θΒϕ




ϕΛ
η
ϕ
!


ϕΞΡ


ϕ
//



ϕ/−
Τ
∋(β()!.∋∗!β#χ)∋&ψ)ΒϕΡΡ%γβ#χ).θβ#χ)η&)∗!.)##ζε−
#ζ+#_&∋α.∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζ∗#♣∀/βψ&β()!.∋&ϕΡΡ.(κΡΡ%γ.φ)∗βο∋#χ&η)∗
()∗!.∋ϕΡΓ∆6−)∋ξ)∗.π∀β()!.∋%γβ#χ)η&)∗.π∀β#χ)♦
6−ϕΡΡ
/
ϕ



ϕ


Ρ



   −−ϕ/ΡΡ
/
ϕ



ϕ



Ρ




−ϕ∆Ρ
/
ϕ



ϕ


Ρ



   −−ϕΡΡ
/
ϕ



ϕ
Ξ
Ρ







!ϕϕΡΡ
/
η)∗.)∗∋α.ϕ
/ / / /
ΡΡ
 
  
  

0&σ∀

ϕ
/ / / /
/−ΡΡ ΡΡ ΡΡ
 
    
ϕ



ϕ


Ρ




ϕ
∋+


Β





6

;






|)∋
Θ

 !






Υ
 ;ο β() !.∋ ∗! β#χ)  ∋&ψ) ΒΓ .&ο) .! ∋&ψ)  %γ  β#χ)  !. )# #ζε−
φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)α.∋φ#β#&∀!.∋.θ+#_&∋α.#ϕΡΓ/Λ.(κ/ΡΗ6Ι−∋#βθβ#χ)δε
∋#χ&η)∗∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&β#χ)Γ.&ο)ηωσ%γβ#χ).θ∗#δ≤)∗α)∗∃γ
Β
ϕ/Ρ

ϕΡ


ϕ/∆−)∋ΒΓΓΓξ)∗.π∀β()!.∋%γβ#χ)δε∋#χ&η)∗∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&β()
!.∋−

∀.θϕ
Ρ
/

ϕΡΓ/6Βϕ



ϕΡΡ

ϕ



ϕ/ΡΡϕ




ϕΡΓ∆Ξ


ϕ



ϕ/∆ϕ




ϕ/Γ/−Ρ
ΝΦ
∝ϕ
/

/
ΙΝΗΒ 
ϕ/∆
ϕϕ/∆−
ς
{!οβ#χ)δερ(∀σ.∋#τ&.θ∗#δ≤∋#χ&η)∗%γψ)κ∋)∗βξ#∃ψ)∃%γ(∋∀#βψ&
β#χ)∋&ψ)ΒΓ.&ο).!∋&ψ).θβο.!Γβ#χ).θβ#χ)η&)∗∋|.φ)∗βοηι)∗
β#χ)∋#χ&η)∗&∀!.∋)∗α)∗∃γΡΓ/∆6ΡΓ∆6ΡΓ/6−)∋.φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)∋#χ&
η)∗&∀!.∋)ζ&β{β#χ)δερ(∀σ.∋#τ&)γσ%γ(∋∀#βψ&β()!.∋∗!+∀ε∋ψ)∼)!.
)##ζε−

∀.θΒϕ




ϕ

ϕ



ϕ/

ϕ



ϕ∆ϕ


ϕ
/ /
 Η/ ∆Ι

  
ϕΡΓ/6−
2 ≅ <,4Ε⊥_
>4Λ>≅>

Α=αβ)χδ+)β
 !




/

χδΥ#εφ∀&
∋(ηι)∗β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&#ϕ
Ρ
κ#)


/

Η6Ι.∋σ&∀!οηωση⁄)−#χ)∃)∗.∋&σ_)&∀#ζ
η#χ).π∀ηωσ∋€(!ο.∋#τ&()∗!ο)∀.∋&|∃γ
 6−


Ρ
−  −

/

Ρ
−  −


Ρ

−  −


/

Ρ

−


:Υ < γηΜ≅ Ζ Β<ι6

Ρ=<;
ϕ[κ∀
;ο+θ)∗β))∗β.)#%γ()∗&)β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&&ϕ/Ρ
/
.(κΡΡ

ΗΙ−#ζ
♥)∗β).∋}κδ)∗)ζ&∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζ∋∀#..

ΦΡ
/
−∋φ#∗#∀)β)κδ)∗()∗κ∃γ
 ∀ΙΞκ   +Ικ  
λΙΤµ
   ηΙΞκ


∀#
 |)∋%×ην#βωσ!γ)∋♣)∗%)∗Ηβ!Ι!γβθ

ΦΡ

/
∋#βθβ)κδ)∗−)∗
.ι)∃#η(

ΦΡ
/
)∼)β)−;ϖ#%)∗κδ)∗α)∗%ν#!ο∗θ.&∀σ/Ρ
Ρ
−∀#%)∗
κδ)∗.θξ)∗∗θ.&∀σ∃γ/Ρ
Ρ
−
 ∋&.π∀ηι)∗β#χ) ϕΦΡκ

   



0ν1νο+µπ+1θοερ+.+1∀δστ
∃γ
 ∋)∋σ &∀σ!ο%ι)∗ΞΦΡ
Ρ
∋ζ!ο.∋&  
   σ∋#%&∀σ/Ρ
Ρ
∋ζ∋↔)∗∋φ#∗#∀) 
 )∗&σ.∀!κ&∀)∋β.
κ

0ν1νο+µπ+1θοερ+.+1∀µ)

∀∃∂∃&))∋κ∀&Γ.∋&.θ∋φ#∗#∀)ΦΡκ
 )∗&σ.∀!κ&∀∋σ)∋%σ()∗ κκ×.θΦΡ.∋&
 ;ο.∋&β)κδ)∗ΘΡκ−σΦΡ.∋&∋|β)κδ)∗ΦΡΘΡϕ/Ξκ
Ι
−;οβ))∗∃γ!%#χ.%ν#β#χ)δερ(∀σ.∋#τ&&ϕ//Ρ
/
.(κΡΡΗΙ−&σ)∋#∼)β).∋}
κδ)∗∋#β#χ&δεβ{%γ(β).θ•&•ϕ∆∆−↔#&)∗+|)∋()∗κ.θ+∀()∋#∼&∃ψ)β)κδ)∗♦


 !



Ξ

).∋}κδ)∗∋#β#χ)δεβ{%γ(β).θ•&•∆∆Γη(βθ()∗!ο.∋&|κ×.θ/∃ψ)β)
κδ)∗−()∗∗#ωσ.θ

/


ϕ∆Ρ.∋&|)∼)κ×.θΡΡ∃ψ)β)κδ)∗−
Τ
;ο.∋#ζ.β))∼)β{ην#!ο∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζρ(∀σ.∋#τ&Θ∆Ρ−θ.∋}κδ)∗
∃∼) ∋#∋#χ& β#χ)∋ζα.∋φ# ∗#♣∀ ∋∀#βψ& +θ)∗β)∃ν)∋)Λ− ∋φ#∗#∀)+θ)∗β)κδ)∗
()∗!ο.∋&∃γ+∀()∋#∼&♦
6−÷ϕΡΓΡΡΡκ− −÷ϕΡΓΡΞΞκ− −÷ϕΡΓΡ/ΡΡκ− −÷ϕΡΓΡ/ΞΞκ−

#χ&β#χ)∋ζΘ∆Ρϕ

Ρ
ϕΘ
/
ϕΦΛ
∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζ.ψ)∋#ζβ_β)κδ)∗∃γΛϕΦΛ/ΗΙ−
∀%γ(βφ)∗ι)ϕ∋φ#∗#∀)+θ)∗β)κδ)∗()∗!ο.∋&
∃γ







ϕΡΓΡΞΞκ−ϕ∋)−

:ς 4ΕΘ4υ


Ρ=<;
∀
−;οβ()!.∋∗!Βϕ∆ΡΓ.&ο)∋&ψ).!.θβο.!%γβ#χ).θβ#χ)η&)∗
ϕ


Ρ−/

∝!.)##ζε−{%γ(∋∀#βψ&β()!.∋!οβ#χ)δερ(∀σ.∋#τ&.θβ#χ)δε∋#χ&
η)∗ΡΓψ)κ∆Ρ−∋|∋σ&%γ#.)∗ε∋∀%ν#)∋∀&−)∋βο.!.π∀.&ο).!%γ
.)∗κ&#∼&∋.π∀β()!.∋−


∀.θ

ϕ

/


ϕ∆Ρ−_&%γ#.)∗ε∋∀∋|

ϕ

ϕ∆Ρ

ϕ
/




ϕ

/

−
∋#βθΥϕΥ
!∀ρ
ϕ
/



ϕ//Σ−
Ι
∋(!.∋Β.θΒϕΡΡ



Ρ
/



 .&ο)ηωσ∋&ψ).!.θ∋∀σβξ#β.−β{%γ(
∀#βψ&!.∋β#χ)δε
ΡΡ / (κΡΡ ΗΙ
 

 )∋β_

..#_&
6−

 


 −
/
 



 −
Γ∆
 


 −
/
Ρ
 





!#) 
/
/

/

Β

Η Ι
   

 
    




      


Η8ΕΟ ;Ι
Τ
{β#χ)δε
& ΡΡ / .(κ 
 
ΗΙΓ.θ∋∀σβξ#β.%γ(∋∀#βψ&β()!.∋∗!β#χ)
∋&ψ)/ΡΡΓ.&ο).!∋&ψ).θβο.!
/∆
ΞΦ

%γβ#χ).θβ#χ)η&)∗

Ρ


∝!.)##ζε−
)∗κ&#∼&∋.π∀β()!.∋∃γ∆ΡΣ−5δ.β≤)∋ψ)κ.π∀ηι)∗β#χ)−

∀.θΥϕ
/
Β

ϕ


ϕΡΓ∆6ϕ



ϕ
!∀ρ
η(βθ.θ.ο)∗∋)∗β#χ)−
∋#.θ.ο)∗∋)∗β#χ)∋|ϕ/Τϕ



Τϕ


/

ϕΦΡ−

&ΗΙ

ΦΛ

Λ
↑Φ
÷



ΝΦΛ
 !






Υ
−∋(!.∋β#χ))∋∋|)∋%×−()∗βθβ#χ)∋&ψ)Βϕ∆Ρ
Γ.&ο)ηωσ∋&ψ).!.θβο.!ϕ∆Θ!Γβ#χ).θβ#χ)
η&)∗ϕΞΓΛ∝Γβ#χ).π∀∀!ε€ζ%γηωσ)#∋)∗βδ)∗_−{%γ(∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&β()
!.∋!οβ#χ)δερ(∀σ.∋#τ&&
6
ϕ/ΡΡ.(κΗΙ−5δ.β≤)∋ψ)κ.π∀β#χ)δεβ_∀!ε€ζ.∋}
∗#δ≤..β#%γκ.∋}.π∀∀!ε€ζ∃.βθ−

−∀.θϕ
!∀ρ
∋#

ϕ

∋∀σ/Τϕ


/


Τϕ


/

ϕϑΡΓϑ−∋#βθϕ
!∀ρ

ϕ


ϕ
/
/
6−

:#7 2⊥ 89 7Ων9δ9δ
Β9
δ
,9
δ

9δ
Β
9δ
Β,λ



 >/ϖ+1π1νων

_%#ζ+#_&.ψ)ρδ.β≤)∋
Ν#∼)βοΓψ)κΓε∋∀+∀)βψ&
Ν#ζΓ&
ΒΓ
&
Γ
&

.
Γ&
Β
Γ&
Β−−
∀|!ε∋∀.π∀#∋({.%#ζ+#_&∋α.#ν.#κη)∗βο∃χ.∋ε∋∀
∗#♣Γ&
ΒΓ
&
Γ
&
.
Γ&
Β
Γ&
Β−−
ϕ+#_&

∋α.
ξπψ+1ζ
#_&∋α..π∀&%γ# ζ&#ϕ
Ρ
.(κΗµ
#
Ι∋|&ϕΗµ
#
µΙ−
    ζ&&ϕ
Ρ
.(κΗµ

&
Ι∋|#ϕ
Ρ
.(κΗµ
&
ΝΙ−
 ν#ϕ



Ρ
ϕ
Ρ



Ρ
ϕ
/

Ρ
ϕ
/
∀)ϕ









∋|&)∋∀)∋ε∋∀∋)#




∋|&.∋!ε∋∀∋)#−
()!.∋.∋}.θβ#χ)∋&ψ)Β&.)∗ε∋∀%ν##β()!.∋.∋}.θ.&ο)∋&ψ).!&
κν!ε∋∀∋)#∗θ.
/

β()!.∋.∋}.θβ#χ)&_ε∋∀∋)#∗θ.
/

−
φ)∗∋εβ#χ)δε∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&β()!.∋∃γ&ϕ
Ρ
.(κΗµΙ−ζ&β()!.∋.∋}.θβ#χ)
∋|#ϕ
Ρ
.(κΗµµ
/

ΙϕΝ
Ρ
κ#)ΗµΙ∋∀σ!.∋.∋}.θ.&ο).!∋|#ϕ
Ρ
.(κΗµ
Ν

/

Ιϕ
Ρ
κ#)ΗµΙ∋({.!.∋.θ..&ο).!∋&ψ)%γβ#χ)!γ∋)∗.θβ#χ)∋&ψ)Β
∋|#ϕ
Ρ
κ#)ΗµΙ−∋#βθ∀.θ
/
Ρ
/
/
Ρ
/





ϕ−
Ρ=<;
∀
;ο!.∋β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&Β∋)∗ε∋ω))∋δ)∋.θΒϕΡΡ

ϕ


Ρ−
/




ϕ

Ξ
−
.φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)&∀!.∋.θη)∗#ϕ/.(κΡΡ

Η6Ι−#ζ+#_&∋α.α.∋φ#β#χ)δε∋∀#
βψ&!.∋β#χ)−

/ΡΡ / .(κΗΡΡ Ι

 


 

  
2

/ΡΡ / .(κΗΡΡ Ι

 


 
   

/ΡΡ.(κΗΡΡ Ι


 


 
  

/ΡΡ / .(κΗΡΡ Ι

 


 


/−+1[∴+

∋+

!∋δ)∗
 ΞΡΡΡΡ
Ξ






&)∗∋δ)∗




/
Ρ
−ΡΡ








ϕ/ΡΡ


ξ)∗ϕ

/ΡΡΙ/ΡΡΞΡΡΗΡΡΙΗ
////



..β#
Ρ
ϕ
Ρ
−ϕ/−
/ΡΡ
ϕ/ΡΡ

/

 !



∆

ο∃χ.∋ε∋∀
%&





∆
ΡΡ
/ΡΡΞΡΡ
Ρ








Υ∋∀+∀)βψ&.π∀



Ρ



%&



]{2ν|δζ

7
Ι

ΡΡ.(κΗ//ΡΡΙ.(κΗ
Ρ





879:,:#;

Ι
∋(!.∋β#χ)∗!Β)##ζε−#χ)δε∋∀#βψ&!.∋&

ϕ/Ρ
/
.(κΡΡ

ΗΙ−#χ)

Βϕ∆Ρ
Ξ

Γ∃γ.&ο)ηωσ∋&ψ).!.θϕ



Γβ#χ)η&)∗ϕ



Ρ
Ξ

Γ%#ζ+#_&∋α.
.φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)%γ)∋.)∗κ&#∼&∋.π∀!.∋β#χ)∼)−

Γ/ / .(κΗΡΡ Ι
Φ
 


 

6Υϕ/ΓϑΣ  −

Γ/.(κΗΡΡ Ι
Φ
 



 

6Υϕ/ΓϑΣ

Γ/.(κΗΡΡ Ι
Φ
 


 

6Υϕ/ϑΣ   −

Γ/ / .(κΗΡΡ Ι
Φ
 


 

6Υϕ/ϑΣ
/−+1[∴+∋+

∀Ι!∋δ)∗

ΡΡΡΡ








 &)∗∋δ)∗




Ρ
−ΡΡ



Ξ





ϕ∆Ρ


ξ)∗ϕ

ΡΡΙ∆ΡΡΡΗΙΞ∆ΡΗΙΗ
////




..β#
Ρ
ϕ


Ρ
ϕ
//−
6
ο∃χ.∋ε∋∀
%&




Φ
ΞΡ
Ξ
Ξ
Ξ∆Ρ
∆ΡΡΡ
Ρ









 Υ∋∀+∀)βψ&.π∀

Φ
Ρ



Ν
%&
Φ


ϕ#_&∋α.#ϕ

Ρ
.(κΗ Ι Γ/ / .(κΗΡΡ Ι
Φ

  

  
  

)∗κ&#∼&∋.π∀!.∋β#χ)Υϕ
/
−Βϕ−/
/
−∆Ρ

Ξ

/ΓϑΣ


Τ
−∋(β()!.∋ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&Β.θΒϕ∆Ρ
Ξ
ϕ


ϕ


Ρ
Ξ

∝−#χ)δε∗#♣∀∋∀#
βψ&β()!.∋.θ+#_&∋α.&
6
ϕ/Ρ.(κΡΡΗΙ−#ζ+#_&∋α..φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)()∗
!.∋%γ)∋.)∗κ&#∼&∋.π∀!.∋−

∀.θ

ϕϕΡΡ

ϕ



ϕ∆Ρ


ϕ
/ /
Η Ι
 
  
 
ϕΡΡ∀)ϕ
 
 


ϕ∀)ΞΡ
Ρ

ϕϕ
Φ

∀η
Ρ
ϕ
Ρ


ϕΓ/6#ϕΓ/.(κΗΡΡΝ
Φ

ΙΗ6ΙΥϕ
/
ΒϕΦ/ΓΣ−



Υ
−;ο!.∋β#χ)6∗!β#χ)∋&ψ)Βϕ∆ΡΓ!.)##ζε%ν#.&ο)ηωσ.θβο.!
 ϕ


  %γ β#χ)  Β
Ρ
 ϕ ∆Ρ − { %γ( ∋∀# βψ& β() !.∋ β#χ) δε ρ(∀σ .∋#τ& &
6
 ϕ
ΡΡ
/
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 !



Φ


∀.θ

ϕϕΡΡϕ
//
Ρ
ΙΗ




ϕΡΡ
/
ϕ


ϕ
/

6∀)ϕ
Ρ




ϕ∀)




ϕ



η
ϕ
//
Ρ 



ϕ/
η
ϕ
η
ϕ∆Φ
/
∀)
η
ϕ
Ρ



ϕ∀)ΦΞ
Ρ



η
ϕ
ΦΞ
ΛΡ

−
 σ&
η
ϕ/.(κΗΡΡΝ


µ

ΦΞ
ΛΡ

Ιϕ/.(κΗΡΡµ
Ρ

ΙΗΙ−

ς
{β#χ)δε
Ρ
.(κ ΡΡ
Ξ
  


 
 
 
 
ΗΙ%γ(∋∀#βψ&!οβ#χ).θβ#χ)η&)∗

/−Ρ


Η∝Ι−Ε
∋φ#β#_!β#χ)δε∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&β#χ)∃γ∆Ρ∋|.φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)()∗!.∋∃γ6−#ζ
+#_&∋α..φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ).∋σ()∗!.∋−

∀.θ


ϕ



ϕ∆Ρ#ϕ
(
.(κΗΡΡΝ
Ξ

µ
/

ΙϕΝ
(
κ#)ΗΡΡΝ
Ξ

Ι−∋#βθ
/
Ρ
/
/
Ρ
/






ϕ
∋∀σ
//
Ρ
/
/
Ρ
/






ϕ


Ρ
ϕ
//
ΙΗ



 
ϕ∆6−σ#ϕ∆.(κΗΡΡµ
Φ

ΙΗ6Ι−


#
−{β#χ)δερ(∀σ.∋#τ&
Ρ
.(κ ΡΡ Η Ι
Ξ
   ∋


 
 
 
 
%γ(∋∀#βψ&!ο.&ο).!∋&ψ).θβο
.!

/



−Ε∋φ#β#_!β#χ)δε∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&.&ο).!∃γ
ΡΡ /
∋|.φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)
&∀.&ο).!∃γ/6−#ζ+#_&∋α..φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ).∋σ&∀.&ο).!−

∀.θ

ϕϕ∆Ρ#ϕ
Ρ
.(κΗΡΡµ
Ξ


Ν
/

Ιϕ
Ρ
κ#)ΗΡΡµ
Ξ

Ι−∋#βθ
/
Ρ
/
/
Ρ
/





ϕ
∋∀σ
//
Ρ
/
/
Ρ
/







ϕ


Ρ
ϕ
//
ΙΗ



 
ϕ/
Ξ
6−σ#ϕ/
Ξ
.(κΗΡΡΝ
Φ

ΙΗ6Ι−


&
−;.∋Β∗!.&ο)∋&ψ).!.θβο.!ϕ

/

Γβ#χ)∋&ψ)ΒϕΡΡ%γ
β#χ).θβ#χ)η&)∗ϕ


Ρ

∝−∋#()∗!.∋.θηι)∗β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&#ϕ
/
.(κΗ6Ι.∋σ
&∀∋|∋χκ.)∗κ&.π∀!.∋∃γ
/
/
−5δ.β≤)∋ψ)κ.π∀ηι)∗β#χ)%γ%#ζ+#_&∋α.β#χ)δε
∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&β()!.∋−

∀.θ.(κϕ



ϕ

.(κ

ϕΡΡ
/




ϕ°

//


ϕ°ΡΡ

/ΤΝ


/

ϕΤΝ
/
Ρ

ϕ°Ρ
/


ΛΤ
/
°/−Ρ
/
ΤΝΡ

ϕΡ

Τϕ∆Ρ∋({.Τϕ/∆ϕϕΡΡ
/
−
 σ&ϕ/ΡΡ.(κΗΡΡµ



ΙΗ6Ι∋({.&ϕ/ΡΡ.(κΗ/∆Ν


ΙΗ6Ι−

 !



ϑ


∃
−∋(!.∋β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&∗!β#χ)∋&ψ)ΒϕΡΓ.&ο)ηωσ∋&ψ).!%γβ#χ)
ϕ

/
Ρ
Ξ

∝!.)##ζε−#_&∋α..π∀β#χ)δε∗#♣∀∋∀#+)∃γ&

ϕ∆Ρ
/
.(κΗΡΡΡΓϑ∆Ι
ΗΙ−5δ.β≤)∋βο.!.&ο)ηωσΓ%#ζ+#_&∋α..φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ).∋σ()∗!.∋−
/
∀.θ


ϕ



ϕ/ΡΝΝ
/

ϕΝ

Ξ



ϕ


∀)ϕ








ϕ

µΒ−∀)ϕΞΡ


ϕ



ϕ

Ρ
Ξ
ϕ




ϕ/Γ∆6−σ#ϕ/Γ∆
/
.(κΗΡΡΝ


Ι
Η6Ι−

%
;οβ#χ).θβ#χ)η&)∗ϕΞΓΛ∝Γ∋#!.%γ(!.∋β#χ)∋|ηι)∗β#χ).∋σ&∀
β#χ).θ.φ)∗βο#ϕΡΓ∆.(κΡΡΗ6Ι−#ζ+#_&∋α.β#χ)δε∗#♣∀∋∀#+).π∀β#χ)−

∀.θ

ϕ




ϕΡΡ
Ρ
ϕ
Ρ


ϕ∆Ρ&

ϕ∆Ρ.(κΗΡΡΝ
/

ΙΗΙ−

∀!

∋(β()!.∋Β∗!ΒϕΛΡΓϕΞΛ!ΓϕϑΘΓ∆∝−#χ)δε∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&β()!.∋
∃γ&

ϕ/Ρ
/
.(κΡΡΗΙ−#ζ+#_&∋α..φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ).∋σ()∗!.∋%γ)∋
β#χ)δε∋#χ&η)∗∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&!ϖ#η)∗.−

∀.θ

ϕϕΡΡ

ϕ




ϕΡϕ
//
ΙΗ



ϕΡΡϕ


ϕΓ/6
∀)ϕ




ϕ∀)Ξϑ
Ρ


ϕ
ΛΡ
Ξϑ

∀η#ϕΓ/
/
.(κΗΡΡΝ
ΛΡ
Ξϑ


ΙΗ6Ι

Β
ϕΒϕΘΦ

ϕ

ϕ/Ρ

ϕ

ϕΛ−
∀∀
∋(!.∋β#χ)∋)∗ε∋ω))∋δ)∋∗!ΒϕΡΡ ΞΓ.&ο)ηωσ∋&ψ).!%γβ#χ)
ϕΡ
Ν
/Η∝Ι−{%γ(/βψ&!.∋β#χ)!ο∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζ&ϕΡΡ /.(κΡΡ−#ζβ#χ)δε


ϕ∆ΡΓηι)∗β#χ))∋∀)∋ε∋∀∋)β#χ)δε−←σ)∋%γ%#ζ+#_&∋α..φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)#
()∗!.∋
6−ϕΡΓΞΛ
ΡΓ∆ / .(κΗΡΡ Ι
Φ
 


 
   −ϕΡΓ∆Θ

ΡΓ∆ / .(κΗΡΡ Ι
Φ
 


 

−ϕΡΓΦΞΦ
ΡΓ∆.(κΗΡΡ Ι
Φ
 


 
   −ϕΡΓ∆Θ
ΡΓ∆ / .(κΗΡΡ Ι
Φ
 


 

/−+1[∴+

∀.θϕΡΡ∀ηκΓϕΡΡΓ

/ΡΡ







#χ)δε/βψ&β#χ)∋&ψ)∃γ
∋

Ξ∆Ρ
//
Β


.φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)
(

 ∆ΓΡ
Β
Β

%γ

ΡΡ






ι)∗β#χ))∋∀)∋ε∋∀∋)β#χ)δε)∼)




−(βθ

Ν

ϕΡΡ


ϕ

ΝΡΡϕ/ΡΡΝΡΡϕΡΡκ&σ∀




ΞΛΓΡ





2
Β

,

 !




Λ

ο∃χ.∋ε∋∀∗#♣∀&%γ#
Φ
Ξ












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Φ
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Η6Ι
79∋+

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>4Λ>≅>
)∗κ&()∋#χ∼)β()!.∋Β

υ)∗κ&α.∋φ#Υϕ.(κ

µ.(κΗ/λµ

&
µ

#
Ι
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/
Β−
/−()!.∋Β.θΒ∋∀σβξ#
 υ∋#Βϕ

Ν

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 υ∋#ΒϕΒ


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/
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/
/
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        


 γ∋#
 /
  

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∀ρ
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Ρ
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 ∋#
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Ρ ∀ρ
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 ∋#
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Ρ ∀ρ
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     

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υ∋#
/





∋|
;∀ρ
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;∀ρ
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υ∋#
/





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υ∋#

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/Ρ / .(κ ΡΡ

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2)ν1νων
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
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Ξ /

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/
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.(κ /Ρ−Ξ−.(κ ΛΡ
Ξ
∃ 


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ε}+1
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 !




Θ

&ϕΡΡ
/
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/
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
/ΡΡΣ−
2
ΦΡΡΣ−

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


ν#ϕ&Ν#ϕΝΦΝΗΝ/ΙϕΞϕ6ϕΡΡ
)∗
− − (κ
∃   


ϕ/ΡΡΣ−ϕ
;

ΤΩΙ!∀∀λ

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β#χ)Β#!.∋∀#βψ&β()!.∋)γσ%γ(β#χ)δερ(∀σ.∋#τ&.θ∗#δ≤∋#χ&η)∗ΞΛΡ−
#ζ&)γσ.θ.δ.∗#δ≤β≤)∋!α.//ΡΝΛΛΣ%γ∋#∋(βο)∗β)∗.)∗κ&β≤)∋!α.
∋|βο∃χ.∋ε∋∀∗#♣∀β#χ)δε∋∀#βψ&&%γ.φ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)&∀)θ∃γΓ%ν#.(κϕΡΓΛ−
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 6−ΛΡ −Ξ∆ −ΞΦ −/Φϑ

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+,
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Ρ




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/

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∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζ∗#♣∀∋∀#βψ&!.∋&
6
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/
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/
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Η Ι
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6− −/ΡΡΣ  −∆ΡΣ   −/∆ΡΣ
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Βϕ•

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 !



//

υ
67 ,Α
∋#Βϕ
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Νξ)∗ϕ
!#)
ϕΒ
/

Νφ)∗βοηι)∗β#χ)()∗!.∋
!∀ρ
ϕ
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Νχκ.)∗κ&.(κ

ϕ
/
/

 υ∋#ΒϕΒ

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Ρ
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   
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Ρ ∀ρ
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∋∂Β∋∀σβξ#β_
Β!∀ρ

∋#Βϕ
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∀

οβνφδΒ9,9+νν
ΙΙΗ−ΡΡ.(κΗ−//Ρ
∋


Σ
ΙΗ
Ρ

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Σ
ΙΗ
Ρ−

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µοψ+1µδ−++ Β()ψ+1µδ}+)β


ΙΗΛΡΙΗ∆
Μ∃



2
ΙΗΡΡΙΗ/∆
Μ∃





ΙΗ/ΡΙΗΞ∆
Μ∃




ΙΗΛΡΙΗ∆
Μ∃





ΙΗΡ





Σ
ΙΗ/∆





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








∃

/
/
//
/
/
/
/
ΙΗ


ΙΗΗ
−−






(κ∃γ∋)∗βξ#)∼)Υ∃ν))∋∋#!⁄&κ+′)∋−∗∋↵∀∃γ


9
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/
ΙΗ 
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′
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δε η)∗ + β∞)∗ ∋α. .κ# .∋( ∋∀# κ ∋)∗ ω! ∀ .θ 








9 




 /
ΙΗ
−−/
ΙΗ
//
−&+♥)∗ρσ∀∋#∀ϕ+−∀σ −
σ
ΙΗ∆/∆Ρ 



γ.)∗κ&..β#∃.)γσ
ΙΗΛΡ
∆−/
/Ρ
//
////
!∀ρ
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









ϕ9Υ96

 !





Ι
∋(β() !.∋ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&∋)∗ε∋ω))∋δ)∋Γ.&ο)ηωσ.θβ#χ)
ΙΗ∆


%
Γβο
.!
ΙΗ





 γ !ο +#ζ)  Β !. )∋ ∋|)∋ %×− #χ& β#χ) ∋ζ ∋∀# βψ& !.∋ ∃γ 
ΙΙΗ−ΡΡ.(κΗ−ΛΡ ∋


−−
−∋∀σβξ#+#ζ)ν#Β


∋|.)∗κ&(γ)!.∋β∗#δ≤..β#+♥)∗♦
6−ΛΡΗΣΙ−/ΡΡΗΣΙ−/ΡΗΣΙ−∆ΡΗΣΙ
−/−∋∀σβξ#+#ζ)ν#Β
/
.)∗κ&∼)+#ζ)β∗#δ≤..β#+♥)∗♦
6−/∆ΗΣΙ−ΗΣΙ−ΛΡΗΣΙ−∆ΡΗΣΙ

νων

−∀.θ

%

%

%
%

%


%∃








/
/
//
/
/
/
/
ΙΗ
Ι−Η
ΙΗΙΗΗ
Ι−ΗΙ−Η
ΗΙ
(κ∃γ∋)∗βξ#)∼)Υ∃ν))∋∋#!⁄&κ+′)∋−∗∋↵∀∃γ

%

%9



/
′)∋−
δεη)∗+β∞)∗∋α..κ#.∋(∋∀#κ∋)∗ω!∀.θ



%

%
%


%9 −/Ι−Η−/
//





−
&+♥)∗ρσ∀∋#∀ϕ+−∀σ −σ
ΙΗ∆∆/Ρ









%%

%γ
.)∗κ&..β#∃α.)γσ
ΙΗΛΡ
Ι∆∆Η/
Ι/ΡΗ
ΙΗ/
/
/

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!∀ρ
Μ
%

∃ 





∋∀σ

%


%γ(+#_&∋α.ΗΙ

/−)∗κ&↔∀)∋#χ∼)+#ζ)Β∃γ

%%


%


%





∃


///
/
//
/
//
/
/
/
/
−/ΙΗ

ΙΗΙΗΗ
−−








ζ)βωσ∀)∼)∃γ!)∋κ∀&{

%%
9


ΙΗ−/
/
//


0∀&βθ.∋#∀.∋(Β∋|β.+#_&∋α.
)∋κ∀&

%
%9

//
/


−()∗+#_&∋α.)γσ∀∃#∃ε∃&)Υ∃ν))∋∋#σ+′)∋∀σ
)∗κ#.∋(∋∀#κ∋)∗ω!()∗+#_&∋α.σ∀.θ






%
 −/−

/
///




−&+♥)∗ρσ∀∋#
ΙΗ/∆/Ρ∆
///////
//
Μ%%

%







Τ<∼εν+Β9,9+ννΒϑ)∼ν+.()ονεδε+∼
νδεν+οβνφδ  νΙ1νπ.Β

]∀∃()Β
Ι
]ΤΙψ+1
µδν∗δκ>.∗+ε+)+/+οδ ψ+1µδ>ε

/−+1[∴+
















Β
Γ
 !



/

∀.θΥ

ϕΥ
/



∋∀σκ∀.θ 

Υ
∋(!.∋β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&Β!.)##ζεΓ.θΒ∃γ+#ζ)−{%γ(∋∀#βψ&β()
!.∋∋#χ&β#χ)∋ζρ(∀σ.∋#τ&.θ+#_&∋α.
/Ρ / .(κΗ/Ρ Ι

 


−#ζ♥)∗α)∗%ν#∋∀#∗#δ≤
.π∀+#ζ)Β

ϕΛ

ΓΒ
/
ϕΞ/

∋|.)∗κ&#∼&∋Υ∼)β()!∀.∋)∋)∋∀&−)∗κ&.π∀
β()!.∋.θ∋_)∋)∗#δ≤)γ(κ∀&βωσ
6−Σ   −/ΛΛΣ   −∆ϑΦΣ   −/Λ/Σ


9εη)∗.)∗∋α.
/
 /
Η Ι
 
    
 /
/
 
   
    

σ


/ /
 /
/ / / /
/
/ΛΛ
Η Ι Η Ι
   
 
∃   Μ
     
  
   
ϕ−
ς
∋(!.∋β#χ)Β)##ζεΓ()∗βθ.&ο)∋&ψ).!ΓΒ∃γ+#ζ)−#χ&β#χ)∋ζ
∋#χ&η)∗ϕ/ΡΡΓΤϕ∆ΡΓ+#ζϕ/Γβ#τ&.∋})∋Ββ_.)∗κ&.π∀∋χβ∗#δ≤∃ν))∋
∋|ηι)∗β#χ)()∗!.∋.θ∗#δ≤∃γϕ −#δ≤.π∀Γ∃γ
6−

Ρ
Φ

∝%γ
/


−
Ξ
Ρ


!∝%γ



−

Ρ

∝%γ
/
Φ

 −

Ρ

!∝%γ






∃ 

∋∀σ
/ /
/ /
Η Ι

 
 


  
 
 

σΥ!∀ρ∋#%γ.∋}∋#
 
  
 
∋∀σ
Η / Ι
  
   
 

∋#βθΓξ)∗.π∀!.∋∃γ
ΡΡ /Η Ι



  
−∀σ
/ /
Η Ι ΡΡ /
 
    



 
ΡΡ
Ρ


  Φ

 
    

/
/ /ΡΡ

 

   
 
     
 
#
−∋(!.∋β#χ)ρ(∀σ.∋#τ&∗!+#ζ)ΒΓ.&ο)∋&ψ).!ϕ

/

Γβ#χ)ϕ


Ρ


∝
!.)##ζε%ν#)∋∀&−{%γ(∋∀#βψ&β()!.∋β#χ)δερ(∀σ.∋#τ&&ϕ//Ρ
/
.(κΡΡΗΙ−
5δ.β≤)∋β#χ).π∀+#ζ)β_.)∗κ&#∼&∋∼)β()!.∋β∗#δ≤..β#−)∋∗#δ
≤..β#βθ−

 !



/∆

2

!∀ρ





Β




∀.θ

ϕϕ∆Ρ


ϕ



ϕΡΡΥϕ
/
Βϕ
/ / /
/
/ / /
Η Ι
Η Ι
 
 
    
 
   


 

 

−|
Γ

%γ

∋)∗βξ#)∼)β_ΥϕΥ
!∀ρ

∋|Βϕ
/
Η Ι
 
 


Η∋€(+β♠)∗∋α.κ#Ι

Βϕ•




•ϕ∆Ρ−∋#βθΥ
!∀ρ
ϕ
/
/


ϕΛΣ−
&
∋(!.∋β#χ))∋∋|)∋%×−()∗βθ.&ο)ηωσ.θβ#χ)∋&ψ)
ϕΘΡΓ.θβο.!ϕ

/Γ
ΓΒ∃γ!ο+#ζ)−{%γ(∗#♣∀∋∀#
βψ&β()!.∋!οβ#χ)δερ(∀σ.∋#τ&ξ)β≤)∋&
6

ϕ/ΡΡ
/
.(κΡΡΗΙ−≤)∋∗#δ≤.π∀+#ζ)
Ββ_.)∗κ&()∋#χ∼)+#ζ)β∗#δ≤..β#−)∋.)∗κ&..β#βθ−

∀.θ

ϕϕ/ΡΥ
Β
ϕ
/
Βϕ
//
/
ΙΗ

%


ϕ

%
%


//
/
/



|Γ%γ

∋)∗βξ#)
∼)
Υ
Β
 ϕ Υ
Β!∀ρ
 ∋# Β ϕ

%

//

Η+ β♠)∗ ∋α. κ#Ι

 Β ϕ
//

% 
ϕ ∆Ρ − ∋# βθ Υ
Β!∀ρ
 ϕ
/
/Η Ι

 %

ϕΛΞΓΞΣ−


:%2 ≅Ν Βϑ:<:Β9,9, ∆
>4Λ>≅>

2)νπ+∀ ,ε|9>9
Β
9

9
Β
ε1νπ.εν

#τ&#χ)

ϕ



2)νπ+Ι6ν,],

,],
Ι
9>9
Β
9

9
Β
σψ+1εν



#τ&#χ)
 /

 

/




2)νπ+Τ6ν,],

,],
Ι

,
σψ+1εν ,ε|
,ο


 
#τ&#χ)
 /

 /
/− −

 





2)νπ+Υ ,ε|
,ο

ο
#τ&#χ)

/ /



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