Các yếu tố tác động đến hiệu quả của một số chương trình hợp tác giữa các cơ sở giáo dục Việt Nam và Hoa Kỳ

MỤC LỤC
Contents

 
 
The Practice of the Naiad Worship in Phu Quoc: from the
Naiad Worship to the “Thanh mau” Worship 5

 CAO MINH TRÍ


Factors Influenced the Efficiency of International Cooperation Programs between
Educational Institutions of the United States and Those of Vietnam 16

 



Developing Students ‘Competency through Students’ Presentation of the Texts 27

 
 1975
Topic about Dien Bien Phu in Vietnamese Literature of the 1954-1975 Period 41

 LÊ CHI LAN


Curriculum Innovation to Meet Employers’ Requirements in

Accordance with Higher Education Development Trends 47

 


A Form Teacher’s Thoughts about Teacher Training at Teachers’ Colleges 57

 


Some Versions of the Strong Law of Large Numbers in the
Game-theoretic Probability 61
 LÊ TÙNG LÂM


American View Points of Dien Bien Phu and General Vo Nguyen Giap 67

 

Digital Library and the Problem of Creating Digital Libraries in Vietnam 75

 
 
Anecdotes – Characteristics and Nature 84

 
 cơm  
Symbolic Meaning of the Component “Rice” in Vietnamese Idioms 95

 H




Evaluation of Natural Conditions for Planning and Development
of Forest in Dak Glei District, Kon Tum Province 103

 
Công nhân 

General strikes of Saigon - Giadinh workers against
Saigon government in 1964 114

 

Space Motif Used in Folk Songs about Love 121

 
annona muricata 
The Chemical Composition of Annona Muricata l. Seeds in Dong Thap 128

 

Stock Investment Activities in Vietnamese Stock Market 135
TẠP CHÍ ĐẠI HỌC SÀI GÒN Số 20 - Tháng 4/2014
5
THỜ NỮ THẦN Ở PHÚ QUỐC: TỪ TÍN NGƯỠNG
THỜ BÀ THUỶ ĐẾN TÍN NGƯỠNG THỜ THÁNH MẪU
TRẦN THỊ AN
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

Sử dụng các kiến thức điền dã các ngơi dinh thờ nữ thuỷ thần ở Phú Quốc: Dinh
Bà Dương Đơng, Dinh Bà Hàm Ninh, Dinh Bà Ơng Lang, Dinh Bà Cửa Cạn, bài viết đã
chỉ ra nhu cầu mãnh liệt của người dân trong tục thờ cúng các vị nữ thần được thờ ở các
Dinh Bà trên đảo, về sự đa dạng của văn hố tộc người và sự đa dạng của văn hố vùng
miền thể hiện trong tín ngưỡng thờ Bà ở các ngơi Dinh. Từ điểm nhìn đương đại, bài viết
đã chỉ ra sự vận động của tín ngưỡng thờ Bà ở các Dinh từ tục thờ bà Thủy của các cư dân
ngư nghiệp (trên đảo) và người đi biển (ở trên đảo và ở các vùng khác) đến tín ngưỡng thờ
Thánh Mẫu của các tầng lớp cư dân (trên đảo, trong nước và nước ngồi) với tư cách là
một hệ thống mở để có thể đáp ứng nhu cầu gửi gắm niềm tin của người dân trước những
biến đổi mau lẹ của đời sống hơm nay.
Từ khố: tín ngưỡng, thờ cúng, nữ thần, thờ Thánh Mẫu
ABSTARCT
Based on countryside knowledge of temples with naiad worship in Phu Quoc such as:
Lady Duong Dong’s Temple, Lady Ham Ninh’s Temple, Lady Ong Lang’s Temple, Lady
Cua Can’s Temple, the article has shown the strong demand of the people in the practice
of worshipping goddesses at Ladies’ Temples on the island as well as the diversity of the
ethnic culture and the regional culture shown in goddess worshipping faiths at different
Ladies’ Temples. Based on the contemporary points of view, the article points out the
developments of the naiad worshipping beliefs at the temples from naiad worshipping
beliefs of the fishery residents (living on the island) and the seafarers (living on the island
and in other regions) to “Thanh Mau” worshipping beliefs of different classes of the
people (living on the island as well as in Vietnam and foreign countries) as an open system
which can meet the people’s needs of relying their faiths in facing the rapid change of
modern life.
Keywords: belief, worship, goddess, “Thanh Mau” worship

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



        


       



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
       
       


      
       
        

hóa         

6



       

        


      





óa, tính th
        

 
Dinh Bà.
1.      

ó
Th Long
) 
Bà Ông Lang (     
        

       


          



1.1. Dinh Bà Dương Đông
       
 
       
       
      Long





có tên là Th 



        

 




        



   
          
).

c
      
       
        

Th 
        
      

1
 

      


 Th     
Th Long Thánh


      
      

       
        
ngày 18-10-     
7
Th Long
     

         

Siêu tứ thủy dĩ vi vương công năng phối địa
Mại quần long nhi lập cực đức khả tham thiên

Vượt qua bốn bể làm vương, công sánh
cùng với Đất
Cao hơn cả đoàn rồng để lập ngôi cao, đức
lớn ngang Trời.


và Long Th



         Th
       
 
1.2. Dinh Bà Ông Lang
       
        Ông
Lang        
        
       

        
       


     

        


    


  
        

       


Bà cùng ông tham

        
    





        

        
khang trang.
1.3. Dinh Bà Hàm Ninh
       
Dinh Bà Hàm Ninh. Khác
dinh trên, Dinh Bà Hàm Ninh



        

        



        
; phía


       


Bà Th 

        





8




bà Th       
    Tâm  
Quang Tự, Quý Mão
niên, quý xuân nguyệt, cát đán, Hải Nam
tín phàm Hoàng Ứng Tinh, Khánh Vân,
Đắc Lan, Quách Viễn Phiên đồng kính
phụng 


     
n Phiên cùng
kín        

       

        


       
         

      
 XIX.

 Bà
 ( 
Th 


       

1.4. Dinh Bà Cửa Cạn
 
        

       
Dinh Trong  
 Th     
       
       

       
       



 

       
      

         
 
 



        

quá trình       

     



   -     

        
     

        
     

       



trong các d      
n




9
2.    ÓA TRONG

 
hoá
       
:
2.1. Tín ngưỡng thờ thần phù hộ
ngư dân
        
       

  
      

       
       
      


         


     

         


Vào ngày 
         
    
         




      

         
trong sân ngôi Dinh Bà Ông Lang có 2 pho
   

       


      

       
Phong điều vũ thuận dân
an lạc, Hải yến hà thanh thế thái bình,
Mưa thuận gió hòa, dân an
lạc, Sông yên biển lặng đời thái bình. 
   
       
         


linh này.
   


. 

.
2.2. Tín ngưỡng thờ người mở cõi




       Các

        
      

tích cánh

       
Th 

       
Th     
       

     -   



10
2.3. Tín ngưỡng thờ nhân vật lịch sử
      
trong tru
hóa 
    hóa  



        
       

hóa




         
       




      


-1886)

       


       


        

       
      
        

        
   Th    



      

3.  

 
3.1. Tín ngưỡng thờ Bà - Cậu
       
     
- 
Bà - 


    và 2012)
2
,

   
3
 
Thanh Hùng (2012)
4
.    
 
        

        


        
       

       
        
        
     Th Long
        
 

 Trên ghe tàu

Th 

      

 
  


11

 - 


5

        
   g, Bà là Bà Th, còn


        
      
      




dân Bà - Cậu
        
      
Bà- 
        
       
       

 Long
   u Quý.




       


ngh       



       

         
.

     

     Thiên Ya Na 

Th

        


hoá 
 Long thánh phi, kèm the
      -  

     
       
chính là hoá Thiên Ya Na. Trong


Nha Trang, c
hoá       

Thiên Ya Na và
        Quý)



      
       
 Thiên Ya Na     

     

      


        
 - 
       

Chúa Ngọc
Nương Nương 
Ya Na), hai bên có 2   
   Nhị hiền vương Thái tử.
ý - hai con
12





       
       g

      - 

        


       
        

       
Th, bà Thiên Ya Na
hay bà Th 
ng, Bà là
 
       

       
        

        
        
       

6




       ô,
ông) 
tính động và tính lỏng 
Bà - - 

        


3.2. Từ tín ngưỡng thờ nữ thần biển
tới tín ngưỡng thờ Thánh Mẫu

 
         
     
         



  


        

(Bà 
       
 






Bà Hàm Ninh, Dinh Bà Ông Lang, Dinh
      
        
         
        

      
       

      


        
       

,
-



      

13
      
       




          
        





        n,


       
        

         


    


       



      
       

         






         
phúc       
      



       

        


7



        


        

         



        
        

 

con t        
 


       
.

        
       
      
        
        

      
        
       
        
  
8
    



14
    

      
      
      
,        



      
         
       
 
       

        

        
  
      

    Th Long Thánh
 
      
9
càng

4. 
     
        

Tín ngưỡng thờ nữ thần thể hiện nhu
cầu mãnh liệt về đời sống tâm linh của
người dân: 


 


        

        
      
       


Sự phát triển từ tục thờ Bà Thủy đến
tín ngưỡng thờ Thánh Mẫu:  

         
       

       

       

 

     
        


Sự đa dạng văn hóa tộc người

       
     
hoá         
hoá 

       
      n
        

Sự đa dạng văn hóa vùng miền: Dù

        
 - 
       Nam
      
       


       
   
        



 - 

15
Chú thích:
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     óa         
óa 
2
Tín ngưỡng thờ nữ thần ở Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu. Trong Tìm hiểu
đặc trưng di sản văn hóa văn nghệ dân gian Nam Bộ tr.146.
   (2012), Câu chuyện bà Phi Yến ở Côn Đảo,    


3
 Tín ngưỡng thờ Bà Thủy của cộng đồng ngư dân An Thủy
(Huyện Ba Tri-Tỉnh Bến Tre), 
4
 Văn hóa dân gian huyện đảo Phú Quốc và
Lý Sơn, óa 
5

6
Câu chuyện bà Phi Yến ở Côn Đảo: 


Côn Đảo – 150 năm đấu tranh, xây dựng và
phát triển, tháng 8/2012).
7
obile.vietgle.vn/detail.aspx?pid=N0RDQjBD&key=B%C3%A0+L%E1%
BB%9Bn&type=A0
8
 là
           
Tục thờ Bà ở Phú Quốc, Văn hóa tín
ngưỡng Mẫu Thoải - Thủy Long và Nghi lễ Chầu văn tại Phú Quốc, 10-8-2013).
9
Trình diễn nghệ thuật hát chầu văn trên đảo Ngọcóa


TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO
1. Văn hóa dân gian đảo Phú Quốc, Nxb KHXH, H.
2.   Tín ngưỡng thờ nữ thần ở Bà Rịa-Vũng Tàu, trong Tìm

hiểu đặc trưng di sản văn hóa văn nghệ dân gian Nam Bộ
3. c (2010), Tín ngưỡng thờ bà Thủy của cộng đồng ngư dân An Thủy
(huyện Ba Tri-tỉnh Bến Tre)
4. Cuộc khởi nghĩa Nguyễn Trung Trực (2008), .
5.  Tín ngưỡng thờ Mẫu ở miền Trung Việt Nam,
Hóa
22/5/2014
TẠP CHÍ ĐẠI HỌC SÀI GÒN Số 20 - Tháng 4/2012
16
CÁC YẾU TỐ TÁC ĐỘNG ĐẾN HIỆU QUẢ CỦA MỘT SỐ
CHƯƠNG TRÌNH HỢP TÁC GIỮA CÁC CƠ SỞ GIÁO DỤC
VIỆT NAM VÀ HOA KỲ
CAO MINH TRÍ
(*)
TĨM TT
Sử dụng phương pháp định tính bằng cách khảo sát, nghiên cứu ba chương trình hợp
tác quốc tế giữa các cơ sở giáo dục Hoa Kỳ và Việt Nam, bài viết đã xác định một nhóm
gồm mười yếu tố có tác động đến hiệu quả các chương trình được khảo sát. Các yếu tố đó
có mức độ ảnh hưởng khác nhau, nhưng để đảm bảo mục tiêu hiệu quả thành cơng như
mong muốn, số lượng yếu tố có mức độ ảnh hưởng cao nên chiếm đa số; trong đó có ba
yếu tố bắt buộc là sự cam kết, sự tin cậy và thơng tin trao đổi.
Từ khố: cơ sở giáo dục, hợp tác, hiệu quả, yếu tố, Hoa Kỳ, Việt Nam.
ABSTRACT
Based on qualitative methods by means of surveys of three international cooperation
programs between educational institutions of the United States and those of Vietnam, the
article has identified a group of ten factors which affect the efficiency of the surveyed
programs. These factors have different levels of influence, however, in order to ensure the
desired success of effective targets, the factors which have high level of influence should be
more numerous than others, among them three mandatory factors are the commitment, the
trust and the information exchange.

Keywords: educational institutions, cooperation, efficiency, factors, the USA, Vietnam

1. GII THIU
*

Ngày nay, vi   p tác giáo
dc, khoa hc cơng ngh    
hố gii hc trên th gi
tr thành mm nhn quan trng trong
chic phát trin gia các quc
bi i v ng thuc các
 phát trin khác nhau, có truyn
th     c khác nhau.
Quc t  i h   thành mt
ng trong s phát trin giáo
d i h   i hc trên th gii
[20] (Timothy and Geoffrey, 2008).
Giáo dc nói chung và giáo d i


(*)
TS,  - Tài chính Thành
.
hc nói riêng ln ln là mi quan tâm
u ca chính ph Vit Nam và nhân
dân Vit Nam. Vit Nam bng vic gia
nhp T chi th gii (WTO)
c thâm nhp th ng tồn
cu và to m  ng kinh doanh
thun li. Các t chc quc t khơng

nhng cam kt cho s phát trin nn kinh
t Vit Nam mà c vi h thng giáo dc
quc dân. Tip tc ci tin h thng giáo
dc Vit Nam là chìa khóa  khai thác
ti    c [14] (McCornac,
2008).
Quac nhic và
i hc trên th gii nhit tình ng
h c bit là Hoa K. Chính quyn ca
17
Vit Nam và Hoa K luôn nhn mnh tm
quan trng ca viy hp tác song
c, nht là giáo
dc và phát trin ngun nhân l i s
quán Hoa K ti Vi    c
phát trin giáo dc ti Vi   
c bit là khuyn khích gia
  i giáo dc gia hai quc gia.
Giáo d     thành ni dung
hp tác chính gi c da trên nn
tng bn bè, hiu bit và tôn trng ln nhau
[25, 26, 13] (U.S. Embassy Hanoi, 2009,
2010; Le, 2011).
Vi dân s trên 86 tri i, thu
nh
(kho    u tuyn
      (khong
10%), khu v     c hp
tác quc t ngày càng phát trin [27]
  i quan tâm

ln v giáo dc ci dân, Vit Nam
to ra nhi  i quý báu cho các nhà
cung cp dch v giáo dc ca Hoa K.
c 2011-2012, Vit Nam có khong
106.104 sinh viên du h c ngoài, chi
phí khong 1,6 t USD m 
1
; trong
 c ti Hoa
K. Vi mt
 ng hng 8 trong s  c có
sinh viên du hc và chim 2% tng s sinh
viên quc t ti Hoa K
2
    
Vip hng th 3 trong s các
c có sinh viên du hc tng cao
ng cng ti Hoa K [5] (Commerce
Department Documents and Publications,
2010)    o nên mt thách
thc li vi Chính ph Vit Nam trong
vii mi nn giáo dc Vi to
 ng cnh tranh hp d m bo
ngun nhân lo chng và
bài bn này quay v phc v cho quê
t Nam.
Bên cnh s ng hc bng du hc ti
Hoa K  giáo dc
cp
  ng và phong phú nh  i

  o, hp tác nghiên cu
khoa hi gin ti có
kho   i hc Hoa K trin
    p tác vi các
ng ti Vi  t nhiu kt qu
ng [24] (Trung, 2011). Cùng vi các
chí   y mi quan h hp tác
   t qu  c,
mi quan h h    c giáo
dc gia Hoa K và Vi
s có mt trin v    
thi gian sp ti [8, 13] (Khang, 2010; Le,
2011).
       




        
       
  




2. U
    nh tính
bng cách kho sát, nghiên cu tình hung
là m   c s dng khi
i kho sát không có nhiu thông tin và

trng tâm nghiên cu là mt hi ng
nh có ít
nht bn ng dng kh thi c 
pháp này. Th nht là gii thích các mi
liên h thc t hàng ngày mà quá phc tp
 kho sát. Th hai là mô t tình hình thc
t  y ra. Th ba nó có th là mt
công c      
18
 kho sát các tình hung
t qu. ng dng cui cùng này
rt có ích cho vic hình thành mt lí thuyt
mi (gi tài này) ch không phi
là kinh lí thuyt.
Vi mc tiêu nêu trên, nghiên cu này
s dnh tính bng cách
kho sát, nghiên cu tình hu
trình hp tác c giáo dc ti Vit
i tác ca h ti Hoa K:
1. ng Pitt ti Vit Nam
dành cho sinh viên ngành kinh doanh
t (gi tt là Plus 3);
2.   ng dy Kinh t
Fulbright (gi tt là FETP);
3. trình liên ko C nhân
Qun tr kinh doanh (gi tt là BBA
UIS).
      c
g   ng hp nghiên cu - xem
thông tin chung ti B   c la

chn da trên các tiêu chí:
 Có hp tác gic Vit Nam và
Hoa K,
 Vng công lp vng
c,
 Hình thc hp tác không trùng lp,
 Sn sàng cho phng vn.
Nghiên cu này kéo dài 15 tháng ti
Vit Nam (t n tháng

tích d liu th c c s d  thu
thp và tng hp các lí lun, các tài liu
nghiên c       
i quan h hp tác gia
 giáo dc Vit Nam và Hoa K.
       c xây
dng bng phng vn và b câu hi bao
gm các câu hi m  ly thông tin và d
liu trong bc:
 Thông tin chung v s hp tác,
     t qu và s hài
lòng ca vic hp tác,
 Các yu t và m    n
hiu qu hp tác,
 Kinh nghi xu  hp
tác gi giáo dc Hoa K và
Vin thành công chung.

Bảng 1: Thông tin chung về các trường hợp nghiên cứu

PLUS 3
FETP
BBA UIS
Hình thc hp tác
Môn hc t chn
Ging dy kinh t
o 2+2
i tác bên
Vit Nam
i hc
Kinh t - Tài chính
Tp. H Chí Minh
(UEF)
i hc
Kinh t Tp. H Chí
Minh (UEH)
i hc Bách
khoa Tp. H Chí Minh
(HCMUT)
Loi
tác bên Vit Nam
c
Công lp
Công lp
i tác bên
Hoa K
i hc
Pittsburgh (Pitt)
ng Harvard
Kennedy (HKS)

i hc
Illinois ti Springfield
(UIS)
19
Loi
tác bên Hoa K
Công lp
c
Công lp
u
2009
1995
2009
S c
phng vn
05 (03 Vit Nam, 02
Hoa K)
03 (02 Vit Nam, 01
Hoa K)
01 (01 Vit Nam, 00
Hoa K)

3. 
     
        




Bảng 2: Tổng hợp đánh giá của những người được phỏng vấn về mức độ ảnh hưởng của

các yếu tố tác động đến hiệu quả hợp tác

Yếu tố
Thấp
Trung bình
Cao
1.




X X X
2.



X

X X
3.
hóa


X

X X
4.
 




X X X
5.




X X X
6.




X X X
7.




X X X
8.




X X X
9.





X X
10.
 


X






20
Ghi chú:
:       

X :       


       
       

  
        
     
     

        
15, 19, 21, 22] (Buchel et al., 1998; Quang

et al., 1998; Cullen et al., 2000; Adobor,
2004; Kauser and Shaw, 2004; Neupert et
al., 2005; Robson et al., 2006; Trafford and
Proctor, 2006; Tri, 2012
      
 


 
  




  


-
 - lí

       

     Tri, 2013).
       
        

         






vài 
 

       
      

 

 




    
  các

 

 
        

       
phân công.

lí và ch
      
     


        
       
 Plus 3, chính


       
21
        
     
         

       
lí 

      

       



        
       

 
 


    -     
  lí  hóa    - 
thông tin khôn   


        
       
      

 

      
      


       
        
       


        






      

       
      


        

       

t       
        

       





        


 
       

        
       


     
    
      

     
    
(relatio     
(communication skill).


      
22
        
Merchant, 2000; Yan and Child, 2004;
Barden et al., 2005; Tri, 2012). Các bên
         
         

       
       
       
 
       




     

     



 
       
       

        

        




       
        
       
        
        
(Buchel et al., 1998; Buckley et al., 2002;
Adobor, 2004; Das, 2005; Neupert et al.,
2005; Tri, 2012
         

 


   


 

      
       
    
         








      

        

        
 

        

        
       

 
.
       

       


hóalí 
       
2004; Barden et al., 2005; Tri, 2012
       
      
23

        



       
hoá     lí   
      


       



lí  


   -
         
      
  hoá     
     hóa


     
  
hoá 
        
        


      
      
        

       
      



hoá    hoá    

al., 1998; Groot and Merchant, 2000;
Larimo, 2003; Neupert et al., 2005; Tri,
2012    
       
hóa 

cách, hành vi, cách nhì
      



   


    hóa  

       
hoá
      nh vi cho
        
    
        




nhân s

   hoá     

         
       
 

hoá  - 
       
        
hoá 
       
     hóa
      

 hóa


24

       
       
2000; Yan and Child, 2004; Barden et al.,
2005; Tri, 2012
         
  trong





        
       
       
         



 
 
       

     
        


         
  
       

22] (Payne, 1993; Park, 2008; Le, 2009;
Tri, 2012   

    
      




hình thành, duy trì v    
       
      
      
 
        
       
       

         
       

       
 

        


       
       
 



         


 

 


 



:
        
;
 

 

 
