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Một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thai nhi bị hội chứng Rubella bẩm sinh tại bệnh viện phụ sản trung ương 2011

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

CRS: Congenital RubellaRubella
CVS: Chorionic villus sampl
 
ELISAenzym).
ICD: International Classification of Diseases (    
IgA: Immunoglubulin A.
IgG: Immunoglubulin G.
IgM: Immunoglubulin M.
MMR: Measles, Mumps, RubellaRubella).
PCR
RNA: Ribonucleic acid.
SA
WHO








T V 1
CH 3
 3
 3
1.3 T 4
1.4 C. 5


 7
 8
 13
 14
1.9  15
 17
 17
CHI TU. 21
u 21
 21
 26
 27
CHNG 3: KT QU U 28
 28
 . 33
3.3 M. 36
N 40
4.1 T. 40
4.2 Y 43
KT LUN 47
KIN NGH 48





Th t
ng
trang
Bng 3.1

 i ca thai ph nhim Rubella.
27
Bng 3.2
i ngu
30
Bng 3.3
i thai ti th
mc Rubella.
37


37
Bng 3.5
 tui thai ph vi d tt  thai nhi.
38
Bng 4.1
Ch 
43


DANH MC BI

Th t

trang

T  truy      thu  
n nhim.
13


Nhng d tng gp  thai nhi b nhim Rubella.
14
Bi3.1
 
28
Bi 3.2
 thai ph theo thi gian.
29
Bi 3.3
m triu chng ca thai ph.
31
Bi 3.4
T l thai nhi b hi chng Rubella bm sinh.
32
Bi 3.5
m d tt  thai nhi.
33
Bi 3.6
T l d tt theo tui thai.
34
Bi 3.7

35
Bi 3.8


36





DANH M


Th t

Trang
 1.1
Hi chng Rubella bm sinh.
6
 1.2
Gi thuyt v  m virus Rubella t m sang
thai nhi.
7
 1.3
Din bin min dch trong nhi
8
 4.1
ng x c mng hp m mc Rubella trong
thai k.
43





DANH M
Th t

trang


 
4

Ban sn  tr m hi chng Rubella bm sinh.
9

c thy tinh th  tr 
10

K thut ly mng rn thai nhi.
12

K thut chc i.
12

Lng  mt s c  CDC.2006.
18
1.7
S dng ng m rng
 gii.
19

n ca thai nhi  tt thai.
41
1





Me mnh chi,  m h
 ,
i ph n gu t ng ti b
ph thai nhi. Mu t , i m mc Rubella
trong thai kc biu. M, bnh Rubella ch mi
n  Vit Nam song nhng ngu nh
 c 
Rubella c (ICD-10 B06) [15] nh truyn nhim
ch sRubella nh Rubella  tr ng
nh n chi m nhim Rubella trong u
ca thai k  y thai, thai chi chng Rubella bm sinh
(ICD-10 P34.0) [1],[15],[39].
Rubella 
Rubella 

virusRubella 
          virus      
[9],[11].
Rubella a


Rubella 
 
Rubella 

2



l mc Rubella ti Vi

nh xut hin  54/64
t vc Rubella [6].
Ti bnh vin Ph S
p v chn v
Rubella trong thi k mang thai [8]
 l nhim bnh Rubella
 y thai, thai ch non, hi chng
Rubella bng n ng v sc kh
ng.
Xu thc ti 
t s yu t n thai nhi b hi chng Rubella bm
sinh ti bnh vin Ph Svi m
1. Xác định tỷ lệ và biểu hiện dị tật hình thái qua siêu âm ở thai nhi bị hội
chứng Rubella bẩm sinh tại bệnh viện phụ sản Trung Ương năm 2011.
2. Mô tả một số yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến thai nhi bị hội chứng Rubella bẩm
sinh.



3





RUBELLA:
-  814: B          
Orlow l             c (German
measles)[25].
- : c virus t dng

i bn c
do virus [24].
- : Sau v dch ln xy ra tc Norman
ng hc thy tinh th bc sinh ra t
 nhim Rubella trong thi k ma
hi chng Rubella bm sinh [24],[34].
- : c virus p
loi virus  [28],[34].
- 1963-1994: Dch sy ra t v
chc triu ca mc Rubella c hi chng Rubella bm sinh
[29],[32].
-  : Ch t   vaccin Rubella sng gi ng
lc[32].
- : Ti M l vaccin Rubella c c dng
c  chng m rng cho tr em 4 - 5 tui,
c s dn rng [24],[28].
-  : M    c kt hp ba vaccin sng gim
ng li, Quai B, Rubella (MMR) trong m [28],[36].
1.2 MT S M:
1.2.1 Bng bt c nhng bng
v ct hi m
n ti th15].
4



D tng d t
n nh  biu hi
khi mi sinh hoc biu hin  n mu
c khi sinh [39].

1.2.2 Hi chng Rubella bm sinh:
Hi chng Rubella bm sinh (CRS):   ng tr b nhim Rubella
c khi sinh. Lt tt trm trng
cho tr i ph n b nhim virus Rubella u
u ci 90% s ng hi
m  truyn virus sang thai nhi [10],[18].

Virus Rubella    
Virus Rubella 
Virus yp 
 [3][14],[30],[32].
, c

:  virus Rubella.
Ht virus      
38 c bao ph bi l mt lp v 
-p phn c t
virus ng, lp v mnh, kii xng c

glycoprotein
.
Sợi đơn
 ARN.
L
.
5



bn vng. H gen ca virus t s

virus n s tham gia c [3],[30],[32].
1.3.2 a virus:
Virus  mt t  
mi th th ca t  n cht v
a virus din ra trong t t ch
 ln d t , v ca virus to b 
u [3],[44].
1.4 
Virus Rubella  nhi  i l       p
a t ch c. Sau 5 - 
b nhim virus huyn khi xut hi
th (kho 13 - 15 sau nhi 
 [44].
 ph n mang thai, virus s t s t 
ca thai nhi. Hiy ra  i m mc bnh khong mt tun
c khi n ng
bin ch ny thai s tt
b l thai nhi mc bm mc
bnh trong thai k [10].



S a
virus trong qun th
Nhim virus  thai
ph
6






















 1.1: Hi chng Rubella bm sinh [10],[12].
7



Nhim virus Rubella  ph n mang thai d dn nhim virus  thai nhi
do virus  p qua rau thai.
M b nhim Rubella
Rubella n ti v  nhim
Rubella lan rng

a thai nhi

Virus lan ra thai nhi
n dt ) Gi
ch i
IgM & IgG Rubella Hi chng Rubella bm sinh
Ngun: Shigetaka Katow
 1.2: Gi thuyt v  nhim virus Rubella t m sang thai nhi[41].
  ta virus Rubella c ch kh a
t  tt:
- y t , c tai trong.
- Tch , c b quan.
1.5 :
 IgM, IgG, IgA xut hin r IgM
ng xut hing 4 n ti 4 - 12 tun.
 ,  nhng tun cui hi       c hay
 thu thum. Khi xut hi IgM
H
Phn ln
8



ng t mi mc Rubella.  tr m n kh
th IgM  100% mu huyt thanh tr 0 - i,  60% mu huyt thanh
tr 6 - i,  40% mu huyt thanh  tr 12 - 
th Rubella c hiu ch yn 
hu hu huyt thanh, ch y IgG4  mt s  IgG
tn ti su  hi rt th IgG
y  nhng mvaccin.






 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tun

Do v ng hp mc mi Rubella ch  d
nghi c hiRubella  
thy trong huyt thanh hoc d  n
 c b  gE xut hin nhanh sau khi khi
bn t [18].
1.6 
1.6.1 
Sau thi gian  bnh t 14 - , bng khu
chng mt mi, st nht hing s
mu xut hin  t ri lan dn ti t 
IgM
IgG

 bnh

ban
Nhi
1.3: DRubella  [10],[18].
9



ng hp khu hi
ng hp hi chng Rubella bn tin s ni ban 
i m  [23]hnh Rubella 

ch d

1.2: Ban sn  tr m hi chng Rubella bm sinh [33].
t hii ch i lc
bi n y xut hip do phc
h   li di chng [23],[35].
 ph n   tt thai nhi n b nhim
trong thi gian mang thai nhu ca thai k.
 tt bm sinh ca hi chng Rubella bm sinh [12]:
- D tt tai (58%): c.
- D tt mc thy tinh th, tt mt nhm sinh.
- D t  ng m   c
bung tim.
- D tu nh, 
10




1.3c thy tinh th  tr .
1.6.2 Chnh bnh:
 :
Chnh Rubella ch d tin c
 t nhi        i, Dangue,
Parovirus B19, virus nh  i, Coxsackie, Echovirus,
RossRiver, Chikungunya, Entero, Adeno    
(beta haemolytic) [42].
 Ch yu d
Do virus Rubella n ch n
bit hing hy hoi t  dp virus  chn

  u dch t h ca virus Rubella. Do vy,
ch  t thanh h      t nh  nhiu
t thanh hc: HAI (t hng cu),
EIA (enzyme immuno assay), LA (latex agglutination  th nghi
kt latex), SRH (single radial heamolysis), MACRIA (IgM capture radio
immuno asay  k thut min d  x    ). Tuy
    p nh 
 nhy cao, s dng r thc hin [42].
11



  p virus Rubella (dch h c tiu ho    
c thc hi  c thc hi     hi chng
Rubella bm sinh.
 Huyt thanh ch ( c s dng ):
- IgG (+) chng t n dch vi Rubella.
- ng mi nhim xy ra rt quan tri vi
ph n mang thai, d
+ S  IgG ( 2 mu huyt thanh l
c.
 c hiu trong mt mu huyt thanh duy nht.
Ti bnh vin Ph S    d    
Abbott (Hoa K)  
- 
- 
Ti mt s , s dng k thut min d
  thng Cobas 6000 (Elecsys) Modular ca   
ng, n  Rubella trong huyi khe mnh
ng nhim Rubella 

- IgM < 1 COI
- IgG = 0.001  10 U/mL
1.6.3 Ch m Rubella:
Ch            
cung rc tim nht t tun th 22 ca tui thai. S 
mc s nhim Rubella trong thi k
  [23].
12



- Khi n IgM > 10mg/dl: thai nhi b nhim virus Rubella.
- Khi n IgM <  nhim(c
b



 K thut ly m cung rn thai nhi.
th n trc tip virus trong dch i bng k thut PCR
t tun thai th 18.

K thut chc i.
 ha b gen virus Rubella bng k thut
PCR trong sinh thit gai rau (CVS) cho ch  c sinh ca nhim
Rubella trong t cung.  m c chng minh
      c i. B      ng t
10  12 tunh si nhng mu
cung rn
13




 c i ti 14  16 tun hoa thai nhi ti tun th n
tun th 20 [35].
i chng Rubella bm sinh rt 
 h tr cho chi
c hiu cho chi chng Rubella bm sinh. Bt k
ng chn trong t cung c
nhim virus m c Rubella [35],[45].
1.7 .
Hi chng Rubella bt trong nh
b ng. Virus Rubella dit t   n ri lon nhim sc th 
chn ging t chc ha t t
ch    y. T   d n cht
y thai hoc d dng. Tr    nhi   sinh ra khe
mnh, v ng [10],[11].
m Rubella, quan nim chng li s 
c hiu bit. Ch mt na ph n n s b
 trong thi k ng ti thai nhi. Hu qu thai nhi b 
nhim rt nng n.

t



14





Hi chng Rubella bm sinh biu hin  mt s 37],[23]:
- Khuyt tt v mt: bao gc thy tinh thm sinh, mt
nh c.
- Bnh v tim bm sinh: bng ng mch, hng mch
phi ngo
- c cm nhn thkhim khuyt ph bin nht).
- Khim khuyt h thng th u, ch
tu, ch
- c t c.
- Ban xut huyt.
- 
- Bnh t
1.8 YU T NG TI THAI NHI B CRS.
Th   nhim quy nh m 
sm cho thai nhi. Theo Shigetaka Katow, m
virus Rubenlla cho thai ch bng 0 t tui thai sau 24 tun. Tn sut xut hin
nhng bng   thun
mang thai c

Tuổi thai
2:T truy thun nhim [41].
:Nhng d tng gp  thai nhi b nhim Rubella [41].
15



- c lan truyn t m sang thai nhi nhanh nh
gim dn 0%  tun th 24 ca thai k (n=112 ca).
- n t m sang thai nhi khi m b nhic khi
mang thai. Ngun: Shigetaka Katow

Kh  d tt bm sinh cao nht khi thai ph b nhim virus
u ca thai k ri gim dn  p theo.
ng s (1982), ph n mang thai b m Rubella
trong 12 tu m Rubellan 13 - 14, t
l i thai k  [37]. Khi tunh
ng thai nhi bng bm sinh gi
    xy ra  ph n     n dch, nhng
ng h di chng Rubella bm sinh

1.9 RUBELLA.
1.9.1 Ngun truyn nhim:
n truyn nhim duy nht. Cho t
cha t ng v
ng hp nhim Rubella thi virus qua cht nh 
n bnh ngay t cui thi k  bng vi thi gian 1 tun
t hing hp nhim Rubella 
triu chng hoc triu ch       tr  n
truyn nhim.
 mi virus 
 c virus t dc tiu, dch
c mt ca tr CRS vi t l 80%  tr i, 62% 
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tr 1  i, 33%  tr 5  i, 11%  tr 9  
ch 3%   hai [13],[43].
1.9.2 ng truyn nhim:
Virus     p do ti  i d  ng ca bnh
 c bt khuc tip

c tip vi bu kin sng cht tr 
tr, lp h t c nhi cm nhi b nhim virus
Rubella [1],[13].
1.9.3 Khi cm nhim:
Min dch ca m cho tr  bo v trong 6  
th m truyn qua rau thai. Mi tr sau khi h m truy
m nhim vi bnh.
Min dch c chng li bnh Rubella  ng 2 c:
+ ng min dch sau khi mc bnh.
+ ng min dch sau khi chng nga.
Min dch sau mng bn vng sui. n vng
ca min dch tvaccin  thu ti
ng hp b i M, khong 10  i ln
vn cm nhim vi Rubella.
Nh i hay ti  i ca b     t c bit
   n nhi 
ng mm non, tiu h       c bnh cao. Cn
 n ng min dch ting
hp nhim Rubella [25],[43].

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1.10  TH GII.
 giRubella
671.293 ca Rubella [13],[43]. Vic trin khai vaccin
Rubella c thc hin  m mnh s m
 m dch t hc ca bnh Rubella  
Rubella vn tip tc xy ra  n [42].

B gii, t
- 10   xy ra dch
- ng xut hi  [1].
- Nhng v dch ln xy ra ti M  
(1969). Ti Mvaccin, chu k d  [28].
- Bng xy ra  la tu
c min dch Rubella  nh ng cm nhim quan
trng nht.
- V dch Rubella ti M  1965 [29],[31]:
+ 12.5 tring hp Rubella c ghi nhn.
ng hp bin ch.
ng hp sy thai.
ng hp cht sau sinh.
+ 2000 ng hp CRS.
+ Cht: 11.600.
: 3.580.
+ Chn: 1800.
1.11 
1.11 a bnh sRubella [1] ?
- 
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- 
+ 

+ 

+ 


- : k


-  


-  Rubella 
vaccin MMR (Measle, Mumps, Rubella) p
Rubella.











ng  mt s c  CDC.2006.
19



1.11vaccin:
Vic trin khai vaccin Rubella trong  ng m rng
 s mn chng ti nhic. Cho t
vaccin Rubella n rng, ch y

, mt s .

1.7: S ng m r
gii [42],[43]
Vaccin Rubella sn xut t vaccin sng ging lc phi
hp vi vaccin Si, Quai B. Li 12 - 
tui. Liu th  c tuc 4 - 6 tui. Nc tuc
vaccin    
vaccin cho nhi d th cm vi bnh: tr mc sinh, sinh
y t, ph n
.

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