Dạy thực hành tiếng dựa vào chủ điểm theo đường hướng kết hợp bốn kỹ năng.PDF

DAY
THirc
HANH
TIENG
DLTA
VAO CHU DIEM
THEO DadNG HLTdNG
KET HOP BON KY
NANG
Nfidm
tdc gid:
Phgm Thi Tdi, Nguyen Thi Vugng
Le
Thuy Hod, Cao
Tudng
Minh
Phan Hodng Yen, Nguyen Bach Thdo
Trdn
Bdo Yen
Khoa Ngon ngiif va Van hoa Anh My
Trudng
DHNN
-
DHQG Ha Noi
I. Phan gidi thieu
Viec tim ra mdt phuong phip day - hgc tidng ed hieu qua
giiip
ngudi
bgc
nhanh chdng
lim

chu dugc ngoai ngii minh theo dudi vin
ludn
la ndi tran trd eiia bao thd he cic nhi giio hgc
phip vi cic giio vien true tidp giang day. Viec xiy
dtmg
chuong trinh, bien soan tii
hfu
cung
nhu ap
dting nhihig
thu thuit cu thd trong
Idp
hgc phu
thude
hoan loan vio phuong phip day
hgc dugc
lua
chgn. Phuong phip day hgc ed hieu qua phai
pbil
hgp vdi ddi tugng ngudi hgc cu
thd va didu
kidn
giing day cu thd.
Nhin
thiJc
dugc tim quan trgng cua vin dd va cung dd dip ung ddi hoi gay git ciia thi
trudng
tidng Anh hien nay, nhdm giio vien td thye hanh tidng
n
ehiing

tdi da manh dan dua ra
mdt
md
hinh day thuc hanh tidng dya vao
chii
didm theo phuong phip tdng hgp cic ky nang -
khic vdi phuong
hudng
day tich biet bdn ky nang ndi - nghe - dge - vidt vin dugc ip dung
nhidu
nim
nay.
Bii vidt nay ciia
chiing
tdi se gidi thieu
vdi
cic ban quan tim nhirng uu didm eiia viec day
thyc harih tidng theo phuong phip phdi hgp cic ky nang tren eo sd phin
tieh
ddi ehidu vdi thuc
td giing day tidng Anh d giai doan eo sd tai Khoa Ngdn ngu va Van hoi Anh - My, Trudng Dai
hgc ngoai ngu', Dai hgc
qude
gia Ha Ndi. Ddng thdi ehiing tdi cung dua ra mdt sd cich thirc thu
thuit cu thd ip dung dudng hudng nay ed kem
thi
du minh hoa dd tien eho viec tham khao vi
dinh gia.
II.
Diem qua cac phuong phap day tieng Anh noi chung tren the

gidi
Nhu da
neu
trong phin md diu, quan didm day phdi hgp bdn ky nang thyc hinh tidng
ngiy nay cd xu hudng thay thd quan didm day tieh rdi cic ky nang. Di hidu rd nguyen nhin vi
sao c6 su thay ddi niy, chiing ta ein didm qua vai net vd
lieh
sir cic phuong phip day thyc hanh
tidng tir trudc ddn nay. Trudc hdt chiing ta cd thd dd cip ddn phuong phip
NgiJ
phip - Phien
dich, mdt phuong phip vin ngu tri trong giio hgc phip ngoai ngir nhidu thd ky qua. Phuong
phip niy cung nhu phuong phip dge, phit tridn sau nay ddu chi nhin manh vao viec phit tridn
kha
nang but
ngiJ
ciia ngudi hgc va hoan toan bd qua vai trd phit tridn khiu ngu. Mac dii ngudi
hgc cd thd phin
tich
ngiJ
phip va djch trdi chay mdt bai ngoai ngir sang tidng me de nhung hg
khdng
thd thyc hien dugc mdt cudc hdi thoai don gian vdi ngudi ndi ngoai
ngiJ
dd. Sy thit bai
niy din
dd^n
mdt thii
eye
nguge

lai,
dd la sira ddi
ciia
cic phuong phip
trye
tidp, nghe - ndi va
133
tinh hudng vao
nhOng
nam 50 d mdt sd nude trong dd cd My. Cic phuong phip nay biu hdt deu
dya tren quan didm Cau
Iriic
-
Hiuib
vi (Fries, Lado va Hoeket 1957 in Freeman
1991),
coi ngdn
ngir don thuin la
Idi
ndi va viec hgc tidng la qua trinh hinh thanh va cung ed cic thdi quen,
hanh vi ngdn ngir ndi. Quan
didm'nay
coi ngdn ngu vidt chi la sy sao
chep
lai ngdn ngir ndi va
vi qui nhin manh vao kbau hieu "Uu lien khiu ngir di tmde mdt budc" nen vai trd cua
biit nga
hoan toan bj bd qua trong giai doan diu. Ngudi hgc thudng chi dugc gidi thieu eac ciu true va
miu
Idi

ndi trong eac bai hdi thoai va ghi nhd hgc thude long ehiing trong eac bai tip chuydn
ddi,
thay thd lip ghep Co thd ndi ring lit ea eac phuong phip tren ben
canh
nhirng uu didm
nhit djnb deu cd nhidu nhuge diem vi co sd
ciia
eac phuong phip dd khdng dya
nen
quan didm
diing
vd ban chit
ciia
ngdn ngir, ban chat cua qua trinh phit tridn ngdn ngir cung nhu ban chit
ciia qua trinh hgc tidng. Xui't phit diem
ciia
cic phuong phip dd ddu nhin manh vao vai trd
cung cip kidn thu'c tidng eho ngudi hgc va nhin nhan qua trinh hgc tidng nhu qui trinh tip hgp
nhung cic thanh td
tach
rdi
ciia
ngdn ngir. Chfnh vi vay, eac phuong phip nay ddu thien vd phit
tridn mdt cich phidn dien eac ky nang ngdn ngir va thyc chat da phu nhin tfnh thdng nhit trong
mdt tdng the
ciia
ngdn ngu cung nhu ban chat xa hdi, ty nhien cua ngdn ngir, mdi quan he giua
ngdn ngir va van boa,
vii chire
nang giao tidp vd'n cd

eiia
nd. Ndi cich khic, cic phuong phip
nay thudng nhan manh nhidu
viio
hinh thai ngdn ngir hon la ndi dung dugc didn dat. Hon nua,
sy ip dung cic phucmg phap nay
ciing
eho thiy nhuge didm khdng thd trinh khdi, dd la sy bd
qua tam
ly eiia ngiriti
hoc trong qua trinh
phal Irien
ngdn ngir thu bai hoae ngoai ngir. Xet vd
mgi phuong dien phit tridn
lu
nhien, hinh thudng
ciia
qua trinh hgc tidng, ta nhin thiy khdng
thd tieh rdi ea ky nang ngdn ngfr giura khau ngir (nghe - ndi) va
biit
ngir (dge - vidt) hoae giira
cic ky nang tidp nhan (nghe - dge) va ky nang san sinh (ndi - vidt). Sy phit tridn
ciia
mdt ky
nang niy ddi hdi phai cd sy bd trg
ciia
cic ky nang khic. Do dd viec phdi hctp day cic ky nang
la thit sy ein thidt va phai dugc chu trgng. Sy ra ddi va ung dung cua quan didm giao tidp d
nhirng nam 80 (Halliday. Hymes, Widdowson in Richard 1991) tren co sd nhin nhan
diing

din
ban chit xa hdi
eiia
ngdn ngir va ehuc nang giao tidp
ciia
ngdn ngir da dap img dugc nhu ciu cua
ngudi hgc. Quan didm nay phu hgp vdi quan didm coi ngdn ngir la mdt tdng thd thdng nhit
(Goodman, Burke,
1977-1989)
va
khang
dinh ring mgi y dinh tich rdi nd bang viec day va hgc
cic ky nang rieng biet deu pha buy
Ifnh
thdng nhit lu nhien vd'n cd
ciia
ngdn ngu. Quan didm
nay cung ngu y eho thay ngudi day can phai
chii
y hon vao qua trinh phit tridn tidng
ciia
ngudi
hgc va sy can thiep
ciia
ngudi day phai phu hgp vdi eac qui
luat
tidp nhan ngdn
ngO
mdt cich ty
nhien cua ngudi hgc. Ndi mdt cich cu thd hon, eac boat ddng day va hgc phai thyc sy mang tfnh

giao tidp cd y
nghia
va tao didu kien
thiic
day ddng co ben trong
ciia
ngudi hgc. Nhu vay, vdi
cich nhin nhan diing ddn mdi nay, vd qui trinh hgc tidng, cic phuong phip vi giio trinh dugc
thidt kd cung chii trgng nhidu
hem
vao ndi dung bieu dat
eiia
ngdn ngir
chii'
khdng phai vao v6
vat chit hay hinh thai ngdn ngfr nhu trudc.
Nhu tren da trinh bay, qui luat phit tridn
eiia
ngdn ngu ty nhien ddi hdi phai ed sy phdi
hgp ty nhien diy du giira cac ky
nilng licng
nhu hai mat
ciia
mdt td giiy khdng thd tieh rdi.
III.
Ly do
ciia vice ket
hgp cac ky nang trong giang day thuc hanh tieng
Ban chit
ciia

qua trinh giao tidp la truydn va nhin thdng tin. Do
vay
ky nang sin sinh va
tidp nhan ngdn ngir la hai mat khdng thd tach rdi. Brown
(1994)
vf hai boat ddng nay "nhu hai
mat
cLia
mdt ddng xu, ta khdng the tach ddng xu thanh hai phin rieng biet dugc".
134
Can cur vao ly thuycl cung nhu
lien Ihirc
le
Inmg vice liep Ihii lidng
me de
(tirsllimguage
aequisiton), qui trinh tidp thu ngdn ngfr
lii lir
nhien
vii
hi sy kei
h(.rp hiii
boa
ciia
ea bdn ky nang
nghe, ndi, dge, vidt. Neu theo ddi qui trinh phit tridn ngdn ngfr
eiia
mdt dira Ire, ehiing ta ddu
thiy rang (ir
luc

mdi sinh ra ddn
ludi iririmg Ihanh
hai boat ddng tidp nhan va san sinh ngdn ngfr
ludn didn ra ddng thdi. Va trong
sue'il
qua trinh dd, hai mat tidp nhan va
siin
sinh ngdn ngfr cung
khdng the tieh rdi. Binh thudng dira Ire ndi dugc la do dya tren nhiing md hinh ngdn ngir nghe
dugc tir mdi trudng xung quanh va phin
Idn
cung la dd dap lai nhfmg
kfeb
thfch den nao qua
thinh
giic. Viec hgc dge va vidt khi ddn
tririmg
thye chit la dd
liim giiui
them vd'n ngdn ngfr -
cdng cu dd tidp thu va lam
giiiu
kidn
Ihire
vd
cu()c
song, khoa hgc xa hdi va ty nhien. Nhu
vjly
trong sud't qui trinh pbil tridn tidng me de, dira Ire khdng eton thuan chi hgc rieng nghe, rieng
ndi,

rieng hgc hoae rieng
viel
ma bdn ky nang nay ludn dan quyen vdi
nhaii,
bd trg
vii
bd sung
eho nhau. Vi vay, vice hgc ngdn ngir
ibir
hai cung khdng
Ihd
di
nguge
lai vdi quy luat ty nhien
nay.
Ngdn ngfr neii va viel (spoken
imd
written language) va mdi quan he mat thidt veti nhau.
Neu bd qua mdi quan he nay cd nghia la la da bd mil sy phong
phii
da dang
eiia
ngdn ngfr.
Mdi quan he qua lai gifra ngdn ngfr ndi va vidt la sy
phiin
anh lac ddng gifra ngdn ngir,
van hoi va xa hdi - ydu to tao nen ddng
cet
ben trong eho ngudi hgc.
Bang viec uu tien quan tim tdi kha nang sir dung ngdn ngir

eiia
ngueti hgc hon la sy nim
viing hinh thii ngdn ngfr, chiing ta van dung bit ky mot ky nang nao hoae ket hgp tit ea cic ky
nang trong mdt gid hgc eho
phii
hgp
luy
theo
miic
dfch va tinh hudng cu Ihd.
Thdng thuimg, mgt ky nang thuimg bd
tig vii
gdp phiin
ciing
ed cac ky nang khic. Vf du
chiing ta hgc ndi tir eai ta nghe dugc va chiing ta hgc viel bing each kiem Ira nhfmg cai ma ta cd
thd dge dugc va nguge.
Viec ket hgp bdn ky nang
giiip
eho giao vien cd didu kien phal buy tfnh sang tao, lam
eho gid hgc them sinh ddng va cd sire
Idi
cudn hgc sinh. Thay vi bd hep theo mot kieu the hien
(one mode of performance), ngudi hgc cd co hdi dd Ihd hien sy
ce")
gang sang tao
ciia
minh mdt
each
phong

phii
hon d cac nhiem
vii
(task) cd y nghia hon.
IV.
Thirc tc
giang day ket hgp bdn ky nang
IV.
1.
Dieu kien
thi/c
te
rV.l.a. Nhiem
vii vii miie
lieu
eliio lao
Nhiem
vii eiia
trudng Dai hgc ngoai ngir, Dai hgc qudc gia
Hii
Ndi la
diio
tao va cung cip
nhirng
cti
nhin, nhfmg
thiiy
cd giae), nhfmg can bd ngoai ngfr
chei
nganh giao due, eho mgi

thanh phin kinb te
eiia
td qudc (Nguyen Van Lgi, 1997).
IV.
Lb. Ddi
tinmg giiing
day
Mdi
Idp
bao gdm tir 20-30 sinh vien ea nam
lin
nfr vdi ludi deti eon rat
Ire
(19-20 tudi),
ri't sang tao, giau nghj
lye,
ed demg
cc^
hgc
tiip
ti>l.
Sinh vien da cd tir 3 den 7 nam hge tidng
Anh b trudng phd thdng nen cd vd'n tir
vimg vii
trinh dd ngfr phap
tirong
ddi
telt:
nim vfmg cac
miu ciu CO ban, cac thiti Ihd

eiia
etdng lir
vii
each chuydn etdi eac miu cau. Cic ky nang nghe,
ndi,
dge,
vid^t
b mii'e pre - inlcmediale: cd the trinh
biiy
bang licng Anh
dueli
dang khiu ngfr va
but ngir vd cic
chii
didm
giin
giii,
qiicn linigc
himg
ngiiy.
Tiiy
nhien, kien thirc nen (backgrund
knowledge) cua sinh vien ndi chung con
nil
nghco,
nhiii
hi nhfmg kien Ihirc ve van hoa
eiia
eac
135

nude ndi tidng Anh eon
ril
ban che.
Tir Ihyc
td nay, viec ket hgp cac ky nang la rit hctp ly
bdi
vi
eac ky nang ed thd bd trg,
eiing
ed phal tridn lin nhau. Vf
dii
khi
yeu
cau sinh vien vidt hoae ndi
mdt vin dd vd mdi
tmdng
thi viec eho sinh vien nghe hoae dge mdt bai vd vin dd dd la ein thidt
vi sinh vien se dugc trang bj khdng nhiing vd mat ngdn ngir (tir vung, miu cau, cich thd hien)
ma con dugc cung cip cic kidn thirc vd ndi dung (y tit, quan didm v.
v ).
rV.l.e.
Ddi ngu giang day
Td thyc hanh tidng nam
thi}
bai gdm 20 ein bd giang day nbiet tinh say
me
nghd nghiep,
cd tinh thin trich
nliiem
cao trong cdng viec. Hiu hdt cic can bd ddu da qua dao tao sau dai hgc

6
nude
ngoai va trong nude nen cd trinh dd ehuyen mdn vung va ed y thire ddi
mdi
trong
phucmg
phip giing day.
IV.
1
.d.
Cie ydu to vd mdi tmdng giang day va hgc tap
Nhd ed
chinh sieb
"Md eira" cua Dang va Chfnh
phii,
ea dat nude Viet Nam ndi chung
va
trudng Dai hge ngoai ngu, Dai hge qudc gia ndi rieng dang budc vao giai doan phit tridn mdi.
Nhidu quan he vdi cac nude tren thd gidi da va dang dugc thidt lap, do vay cac tai lieu in in,
nghe nhin bang tidng Anh khdng con khan hiem nhu tmde nira. Day la mdt thuan lgi rit
Idn
eho
viec
lya
chgn ngir lieu dd giang day theo dudng hudng ket hctp cic ky nang. Them vao dd, eo sd
phdng hge da khang trang hon: phong rdng rai, cd
dii
ban ghd chd ngdi
eho
sinh vien. He thdng

dien, ddn tdt,
dii
inh sang, quat mat va cac 6 cam dien thuan tien eho viec sir dung miy
cassette. Mdt vin dd
Cudi
cung nhung khdng kem phin quan trgng dd la sy quan tam chu dao,
ung hg nbiet tinh
ciia
tmdng,
eiia
khoa ddi vdi vice cai tien phuong phip giang day va bien soan
giio trinh
eho phii
hgp vdi nhu ciu cua ngudi hgc va ddi hdi thidt thyc
eiia
xa hdi.
Vdi nhiing ly do va cac thyc te neu tren chung tdi thiy ed
dii
didu kien dd quydt djnb
giang day mdn thye hanh tidng theo phuemg phap ket hgp bdn ky nang.
rv.2.
Viec thyc hien ket hgp bdn ky nang trong giang day
Cd nhidu each giang day ket hgp bdn ky nang nhu: "Dua
viio
ndi dung" (Content - based
teaching), "Dya vao kinb nghiem
ciia
ngueti hgc" (Experimental learning),
nhimg
chiing tdi da

quydt djnb lya chgn each "Dya vao
chii
didm" (Theme - based teaching) va dya vao cie nhiem
vu (Task - based teaching). Theo cich
niiy,
eit ehircmg
trinh va ngfr lieu dugc bien soan theo
chu didm va cic nhiem vu cu the. Cac ky nang dugc
ren luyen
va phit tridn ddng thdi xoay
quanh he thdng
chii
didm
vii
nhiem vu sao eho
phii hgp,vdi
sd thfch cua sinh vien.
Viec ket hgp phit tridn cie ky nang xoay quanh
chii
didm se tap
tmng
dugc ea vao kidn
thire ndn va kien thirc ngdn ngu. Vi du: khi hge nhung
chii
diem nhu "mdi
tmemg",
"hge tidng",
"giio
due",
"du

Ijch",
"sii'c khoe" sinh vien dugc dge cie bai bio, nghe cic bai giang, chuong
trinh tren dii, truydn hinh va xem cac chuong trtnh video, sau dd thao
luan
cic vin dd dang didn
ra, dd xuit cic giai phap va vidt vd cie chu dd da thao luan.
Cd bdn nguyen tic chinh cua dudng hudng day theo chu didm: Nguyen tie dam bao tfnh
ty nhien; Nguyen tac hge nhirng van dd ed ndi dung, y nghia; Nguyen tic tao ddng co
thtie
day
ben trong va Nguyen tic cd kha nang giao tidp tdt. Cic chuong trinh giang day theo
chii
didm
phai dam bao tdt cic
ngu>Cn lac
miy ddng thiti
phiii giiy
dugc hung
thii
eho hgc sinh vao cic
chu didm va y nghia
eiia
cic van dd hon
lii
day eac quy tic ngdn ngir
eirng
nbac.
Cic ngir
heu
giy dugc sy td md va

hiing thii eho
sinh vien vi cac
chii
didm nay khdng nhiing
ehi
hip din bdi
136
cic van dd
eiia
cudc sdng hang
ngiiy iir dim giiin
den
phire
lap mil con lap
Irung
vao viec nang
cao cac ky nang ngdn ngu.
Cich 1:
Giao vien dua ra mot sd can hdi ggi y lien quan den mdt
chii
diem nao dd dd sinh vien
thao
luin,
sir dung kidn thire lien quan (ea kidn thirc ndn va kidn thire vd tidng). Vf du khi hge
chu didm "Du lieh va cic phuemg lien giao thdng" giao vien cd thd dua ra nhung cau bdi nhu:
"Ban thfch phuong tien giao thdng
niio
nhit eho cie chuydn di dudng dai/dudng ngin? Giai
tbich
ly do tai sao" hoae "Di mot ngay dang hgc mdt sang khdn". Ban

ngbi
the nao vd cau ndi
nay?".
Cin tang
cirdng
cac nhiem vu yeu ciu lam viec theo nhdm va cap vi nhfmg boat ddng
nay khdng nhung chi tao ra eho ngudi hge co hdi hidu ngfr lieu ma eon tang eudng sd
lugng
va
chit lugng thye hanh
ciia
mdi ea nhan,
thiic
day mdi quan he tinh cam gin bd gifra eac hge sinh
do dd gdp phin diy
mi.inb
ddng co hgc tap eho
ngiriti
heic.
Tnmg
qua trinh thao
luin,
sinh vien
ghi chep tdm tit eac y
ehinh eiia
ea nhdm (nhu vay ky nang vidt dugc thyc
hiinb).
Sau dd cic
nhdm thdng bio lai y kien
ciia

nhdm minh eho cac nhdm khic nghe.
ViCe
bio cao lai ed thd
tidn hanh
duci
hai hinh thirc: ndi (oral) va vidt (written),
- Dudi dang ndi:
Timg
nhdm cir dai dien bao cao lai y kidn
ciia
nhdm minh, cac nheim khic nghe
vii
bd
sung, gdp y kidn. Trong khi cic nhdm
thiio
luan giao vien ed the thu bang mot nhdm (ed thd
nhdm kha nhit hoae kem), phal lai eho
cii letp
nghe de nit kinb
nghiCm
vd ndi dung, ngdn ngfr
vi cich thd hien.
- Dudi dang vidt:
-I-
Cac nhdm cir dai
dien
vidt
len
biing y kien tdm tat
ciia

nhdm
minh.
+ Trao ddi cac ghi chep
eiia
timg nhdm vdi nhau dd eac nhdm dge va ghi nhin xet va gdp
y kidn vio ban dd.
+ Ndu didu kien eho phep thi giao vien yeu cau sinh vien viel lai cac y kien
ciia
nhdm
minh vao giiy bdng trong dd chieu len
miin
hinh eho ea letp tham khao nhan xet.
Cich
2:
Khi hgc mot
chii
didm, giao vien eho sinh vien etgc mdt bai bao, mgt ban the'ing ke, mdt
quang cio, mdt bieu
bimg,
thu tir, d(m xin
vice
hoae don xin gia
nhiip
mdt td chire
niio
dd
v.v.,
lam mdt sd bii tip vd phal
Irien
ky nang

dge nhir
dge
lire'il
lay thdng lin, lay y chinh, lim nghia
cua tir mdi qua ngir canh. Vf du khi hgc ve
chii diem
"The thao va
sire
khoe", giio vien phit eho
sinh vien mdt bii dge dudi dang mdt la detn xin gia nhap ciu lac bd the thao
vii
mgt the hdi vien
chua didn
dii
cic thdng tin. Sau dd yeu cau sinh vien diing cac thdng lin trong la don dd didn
vao the hdi vien. Nhu vay
lir
viec phal tridn ky nang dge,
sinli
vien
eldng Ihiti
dirge ren luyen ky
ning
vidt. Dya vao eton va the hdi vien tren, giao vien
eho
hgc sinh phal tridn ky nang ndi
bilng
viec eho sinh vien lam vice theo cap thye bien cudc hdi thoai gifra ngueti phu
trach
cau lac bd va

ngudi xin gia nhip can lac bd. De pbat tridn ky
ni'ing
vidt eho sinh vien, giao vien yeu cau sinh
vien phin tfch cich trinh bay, bd cue, ngdn ngfr va cau
triie
dugc sir dung trong dem dd vidt mdt
la don tuong ty. Ngoai ra sinh vien cd the diing sd lieu, y,
quim
didm d bai hgc dd thao luan mot
vin dd do hg hoae giao vien dua ra, Ngay vice quyci dinh mot
vim
de
thiio liiiin
nhu the
niiy
cung tao ra cic cd hdi eho sinh dugc
ihirc hiinh
ndi, dien dat quan didm va y kidn ea nhin
ciia
137
minh. Tren eo sd thao luan ndi, sinh vien se dugc
yeu
ciu vidt lai vin dd dd dudi nhidu hinh
thiie
khic nhau: tdm tat, binh luan, mien la Cudi
cting
viec kidm tra cac boat ddng ma
sinh
vien vira lam lai dugc thuc hien nhu da
nCu

d khau cudi ciing
eiia
each 1.
Cich 3:
Cho sinh vien nghe mgt van dd lien quan ddn
chii
diem dang hgc (bai nghe cd the
liy
tir
cac budi phit thanh tren dai, tivi
ciia
nude ngoai hoae trong nude, giio trinh ). Trude khi nghe,
giio vien hudng sy
ehii
y cua sinh vien vao
chii
didm bang nhidu cich. Vf du khi hgc chu didm
vd "Cac vin dd xa hdi", giao vien
yeu
ciu sinh vien
liet
ke nhung tir va cum tir
hen
quan ddn
chu didm dudi dang ndi hoae vidt, ddng thdi giao vien gidi thieu trude nhirng tir khd trong bai
nghe. Giio vien cung cd thd
dira
ra lieu dd
eiia
bai nghe dd sinh vien thao luan, dy doin ndi

dung cua bai sip nghe. Lam nhu vay khdng nhiing ky nang ndi dugc ren luyen ma con giiip eho
sinh vien hung thu va tap trung
him
vao bai nghe. Sau dd, giio vien cho sinh vien lam mdt sd
bai tap dd phit tridn ky nang nghe. Sinh vien trao ddi
cau
tra
Idi
theo nhdm dd di ddn mdt dip
in thdng nhit. Tren co sd bai nghe, sinh vien lai thuc
hiinh
theo cap va nhdm dd thao luan vd
vin dd da
neu
trong bai. Vf du: "Nguyen
nhim
din ddn tinh trang ngay
cang
ed nhidu thanh nien
nghien but trong xa bdi ngiiy nay
vii
bien phap
khilc
phiie".
Cudi ciing sinh vien vidt lai van dd
da thao
lualn
dudi nhidu dang khic nhau theo
yeu
cau

ciia
giio vien: tdm tit, binh luan, nhan
xet, thidt kd mau can hdi phdng van didu tra. Sau dd giao vien lai sir dung cac ngCr lieu nay dd
phit tridn ky nang dge va ndi.
Cich
4:
Giao vien td chire cho sinh vien nghien
eini
mgt van de vd
chii
didm nao dd. Vf du, giio
vien yeu ciu sinh vien thuc hien dd tai "Vai trd cua ngudi phu nir trong gia dinh va xa hdi". Sinh
vien lam vice theo nhdm, phan cdng phu trich lung mang khic nhau
eiia
dd tai, rdi thu
thap
tai
lieu tir cie ngudn khic nhau: bao ehf, tranh
linh,
quiing
cAo,
du an, lin tuc tren dai va tivi
Ddng thdi, sinh vien thiio luan, lap ra cac cau hdi dieu tra,
re'ii
tien hanh pheing vin giio vien va
sinh vien trong khoa, ghi lai y kien hoae dien vao phii didu tra. Sau dd cie nhdm tip hgp sd lieu,
ban luan rdi thdng nhit cich trinh
biiy
dd
tiii eiia

nhdm minh dudi dang ndi hoae vidt eho ca
Idp
nghe hoae dge dd tham khiio, dinh gia va gdp y kidn. Hudng giang day nay ed nhidu uu didm:
tfnh ty giic, nang
de)ng
sang tao cua
ngiriri
hgc
duetc
phal buy
phii
hgp vdi hudng dao tao mdi
"liy ngudi hge lim tmng tam". Ddng thdi ngueti hgc da ty tao eho minh mdt ngudn tai lieu
rieng vd eac chu didm khic nhau theo nhidu hinh thire phong
phii vii
giao vien cung tan dung
dugc ngudn ngir lieu quy gia nay
phiic
vu cho viec giiing day sau nay.
Cich
5:
Khai thic kinb
nghiem
vd'n sdng
eiia
sinh vien dc phal tridn bdn ky nang va ning cao
kidn
thu'c
ndn va tieng. Vf du, khi hge vd
chii

didm "Tudi
ihet",
giao vien yeu ciu sinh vien vidt
vd mgt ky niem sau
siic
nhit trong
Ihai
nien thieu. Sau dd cac bai viei
duite
hgc sinh trao ddi
cho nhau dge va vidt
nhiln
xet ea vd mat ndi dung
vii
ngdn ngir. Giao vien ehi djnb mdt sd sinh
vien dge bai vidt va
phi'in
nhan xet
nhimg
khdng neu ten lac gia dd ea
Idp
nghe va gdp y kidn
mot cich
kbach
quan, Tren co sd nhung
biii
vidt nay, ky nang ndi va nghe
due;te
phit tridn bing
each giao vien eho sinh vien lam vice theo cap

hoae
nhdm, hdi nhau vd nhirng ky niem ma hg
da dge va cam tudng cua hg. Vice
liim
miy tao eho gid hge sinh ddng, cic ky nang dugc phit
tridn ly nhien. Ket
quii
thu dirge
khii
quan
hem
do sinh vien thay boat
elgng
giao tidp thye
sir
cd
138
y nghia, gin gui va gin bd vdi cudc sdng
eiia
minh.
Trong tit ea cic boat ddng day va hge tren, giio vien ddng vai trd la ngudi td chire, hudng
din, quan sit, giiip dd va cung cip ngii lieu khi cin thidt.
VII.
Ket luan
Tren diy chiing tdi vira trinh bay co sd cua quan didm giang day thye hanh tidng dya vao
chu didm va nhiem vu eu thd theo dudng hudng phdi hctp eac ky nang ngdn ngir, nhiing uu didm
ciia
quan didm nay so vdi cic quan didm tmde day trong viec day va hgc tieng. Ddng thdi, cic
bai tip hudng din va vf du minh boa - san pham
diic

kdt cdng sire, kinb nghiem hge hdi tim tdi
ciia nhdm giio vien ehiing tdi trong qui trinh giang day, nghien eiiru cic phuong hudng giio hge
phip mdi cung dugc dua ra dd ban dge tham khao. Vi thdi gian ed ban nen ban bio cio nay
chic khdng thd trinh khdi nhung tbidu sot. Chiing tdi rit trin trgng nhiing y kidn ddng gdp cua
cic ban ddng nghiep gin xa dd viec giang day cua chiing tdi ngay mdt tdt hon.
Tdi lieu tham
klido
1.
Nguyen Van Lgi. 1997.
Ngoiii
ngfr. Ndi san Dai hgc ngoai
ngif
6-1997. Phit bidu
eiia
hieu trudng Nguydn Van
Liii
trong Id bd nhiem hieu tmdng nhiem ky 1997-2001.
2.
Bowen, T & Marks, J.
1994.
Inside teaching. Oxford: Heinmann Publishers.
3.
Brown, H. D. 1994. Teaching by principles: An Interactive Approach to Language
Pedagogy. Prentice Hall Regents.
4.
Brown. H. D. 1994. Principles of Language Leaning and Teaching. Prentice Hall
Regents.
Engle
wood Cliffs,
NI

07632
5.
Freeman, D. L.
1993.
Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Oxford
University Press.
6. Freeman, D. L and Long, M. H., 1991. An Introduction to Second Language
Acquisition Research. Longman.
7.
Gaims, R & Redman, S. 1996.
Tme
to life. Cambridge University Press.
8. Hamer, J.
1991.
The Practice of
EngUsh
Language Teaching. London: Longman.
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Cambridge: CUP.
10.
Richard, J. C. & Rogers, T. S.
1991.
Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching.
Cambridge University Press.
11.
Rigg, P. 1991. Whole Language in TESOL. TESOL. Quarterly. Vol. 25. No. 3
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Robinet, B. W &

Sebachter,
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