Nghiên cứu thể lực của học sinh phổ thông.PDF

NGHIEN
CCOJ
THE
LLfC
CUA HOC
SINH PHO
THONG
Trdn
Thi
Loan va Ctv
Trudng
DHSP- DHQG Ha Noi
I. Dit van de
Viec hidu bidt cac
chi
sd sinh bgc va sy phit tridn eac
ehi
sd dd trong qua trinh phit tridn
cua ngudi Viet Nam gdp phin giup eho viec hoach djnh
chidn
luge,
xac
djnh va
lya
chgn cac
phuong phip, bien phip giao due dat hieu qua
cao.
Trong he thdng giao
due
eic
cip,

tJr
tidu bgc
cho ddn sau dai hgc cua
chiing
ta cd nhidu mdn bgc vd co thd con ngudi.
Tmdc diy
chiing ta phai sir dung cac ehi sd sinh bgc
eiia
ngudi
chiu
Au hoac cua cic
nude
khic
lim
co sd cho cdng tie y td va giio due mac du hg khie
chung
ta vd chiing tdc, vd
hoin canh
khi hiu sinh
thai, vd ehd do dinh
dudng
va tit nhien la eic
cbi
sd sinh bgc cua hg
cQng
cd
nhihig
dac didm khie. Vi vay, ndu dya vio dd thi se anh budng rit nhidu ddn viec xay
dyng cic didu
kifin

giio due trong he thdng tmdng bgc, ddn viec nudi, day va dao tao bgc sinh,
ddn viec hgc tip vi ren
luyen
cua cic em.
Nhan
thdc
duge nhu eiu thye tidn
bire
tbidt viec nghien
eiiu
cac ehi sd sinh bgc cua ngudi
Viet Nam, eic tic gia, ehu ydu la eic nha y hgc, da ty phit nghien
ciixi
vd vin dd nay va ddn
nam 1975, sau hai
lin
hdi nghi, eic kdt qua nghien
eiJu
ban 15 nam da duge trtnh bay trong
quydn "Hing sd sinh hgc cua ngudi Viet Nam". Chiing ta da sir dung cic thdng sd cua tai
Ueu
niy dd dua vio cic bai giang, cac
sich
giio khoa, eic giio trtnh, tai
heu
day va hgc d tit ca cic
cip hgc trong miy ehue nam qua.
Tuy nhien sau khi thdng nhit dit nude, tinh hinh kinh td xa hdi da ed nhidu bidn ddi lam
anh budng ddn sy phit tridn cua con ngudi Viet Nam vd mat thd chit. Thye td cho tbiy d nhidu
vung hien nay tre em

Idn
nhanh hon, cao bon, nang hon, co thd cin ddi bon, net mat
linh
boat
hon. Vi vay ndu cii'
liy
cae sd heu cu dd dua vio tai
lu
giang day, hgc tap va iing dung trong
cudc sdng la khdng thye td. Hon nira, hien nay trinh dd va trang tbidt bj da ed nhidu tidn bd va
hien dai cho ehung ta cd thd tidn
banh
nghien
eiiu
cic chi tieu sinh bgc cua ngudi Viet Nam mdt
cich diy dii va xac thye bon. Bdi vay, nam 1991 tmdng Dai hgc Y khoa Ha Ndi da tidn banh dd
tai cip bd "Nghien
cihi
mdt sd ehi tieu sinh bgc ngudi Viet Nam tai Ha Ndi" va nam 1994 duge
chuydn thanh dy in didu tra co ban va kdt qua nghien
ciiu
da duge cdng bd vio nam
1996
trong
quydn "Kdt qua bude diu nghien ciru mdt sd chi tieu sinh bgc ngudi Viet Nam". Tuy nhien vd
thd lye cua hgc sinh pbd thdng mdi
chi
duge nghien curu d mdt sd tmdng PTCS cua mdt vai tinh
va chua cd cdng trinh nao nghien
eihi

eic ehi sd nay mdt cich he thdng d bgc sinh phd thdng
X\t
6 ddn
17
tudi. Vi
vay
ehung tdi da tidn banh "nghien
eihi
mdt sd chi tieu vd thd lye
ciia
hgc sinh
phd thdng
6-17
tndi".
Cdng trtnh nghien ciiu nhdm muc dfch la gdp
phdn
cung cip sd lieu vd thd lye eho viec
xiy dyng hing sd sinh hgc ngudi Viet Nam va tim ra cic quy
luat
phit tridn thd lye
ciia
hgc
sinh phd thdng. Tren co sd dd gdp phin dd xuit cae bien phip giio due, dao tao eic em mdt
cich toin dien va cd sd lieu cip nbat, xie thye hon cho viec bien soan eic sich giio khoa, giio
trtnh va tai heu day va hgc d tit ca cae cip bgc.
90
II.
Ddi
tugng
va phuong

pha|5
nghien curu
1.
Ddi
tugng nghien
cint
Chiing tdi tidn hanh nghien curu d hgc sinh
ciia
ba tmdng phd thdng thude quin Ciu Giiy,
thanh phd Hi Ndi. Dd la tmdng Tidu bgc Djch Vgng A, tmdng phd thdng tmng hgc thye banh
Nguydn Tit Thanh va tmdng phd thdng tmng hgc din lap Nguydn
Binh
Khiem. Ddi tugng
nghien
ciiu
la hgc sinh tir
Idp 1
ddn
Idp
12,
cd dd tudi
tfr
6 ddn
17
tudi. Tit ca cd 20 nhdm vdi
12 dd mdi khic nhau. Tdng sd bgc sinh duge nghien ciiu
li
3023 em, trong dd cd 1504 nam vi
1519
nii. Ddi tugng duge nghien

cdn
b trang thii khoe manh va khdng ed cic dj tit vd hinh thd.
2.
Phuong
phdp nghien
cUu
Chiing tdi tidn banh nghien
eiJu
chi tieu co ban vd thd lye la chidu cao
diing,
trgng
lugng
CO
thd, vdng ngye tmng binh, cbi sd pignet va chi sd khdi lugng co thd.
Dd tidn banh
thu
thip sd lieu chiing tdi sir dung cic phuong phip nghien
ciiii
cua sinh
ly
hgc:
- Chidu cao
diing
duetc xie djnh bang thude do
chidu
cao, cd
vach
chia ddn
0,1
cm.

- Trgng lugng co thd duge xie djnh bang cin y hgc, cd vach chia ddn 0,1 kg.
- Vdng ngye tmng binh duge xie djnh bang sd tmng binh cdng cua sd do vdng ngye
liic
hit
vio va sd do vdng ngye
liic
thd ra.
III.
Ket qua nghien
ci'ru
/.
Suphat
trien chieu cao cua hgc sinh pho thong
Bang
1:
Chieu cao
ciia
hgc sinh
phd
thong theo
lUa
tudi vd gidi tinh
Don vi: cm
Cip
hoc
Tidu
hgc
THCS
PTTH
Tudi

6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Nam
n
123
126
122
121
131
138
121
124
124
136
124
114
X
112,58
117,35
122,23

126,56
130,80
136,15
141,08
146,04
150,58
157,94
161,15
161,88
5n
4,62
4,27
4,98
4,38
4,14
5,35
4,93
4,96
4,54
7,36
3,21
3,93
Tang
4,77
4,88
4,33
4,24
5,35
4,03
4,96

4,54
7,36
3,21
0,73
NiJ
n
126
123
127
126
134
135
120
125
126
130
127
120
X
110,35
116,06
121,28
126,46
132,40
138,17
143,05
149,85
153,86
154,67
154,93

155,41
5n
4,15
4,76
4,35
4,05
3,42
3,86
3,63
4,52
5,46
5,73
5,32
4,89
Tang
5,71
5,22
5,18
5,94
5,77
4,88
6,80
4,01
0,81
0,26
0,48
Nam >
ntr
2,23
1,29

0,95
0,10
-1,60
-2,02
-1,97
-3,81
-3,28
3,27
6,22
6,52
Kdt qua nghien
ciin
(bang 1) cho tbiy trong giai doan tir 6 den 17 tudi chidu cao ciia hgc
sinh ting hen
tuc?.
Ddi vdi hgc sinh nam chidu cao tmng binh tang tir
112,58
cm liic 6 tudi
len
tdi 161,88 cm hie 17 tudi, tang them duge 49,30cm. Ddi vdi nir, chidu cao trung binh ting tir
91
110,35
em
liie
6 tudi
len
tdi 155,41 cm
liic
17 tudi, tang them duge
45,06cm.

Tuy nhien b cic
Ilia
mdi khic nhau tdc do tang chidu cao
eiia
hgc sinh khdng ddng ddu.
-I-
d Ilia
mdi tidu bgc
(6-10
tudi) tdc dd tang chidu cao
eiia
bgc sinh
tuong
ddi ddng ddu.
Chidu cao tmng binh
ciia
hgc sinh nam tang
tCr 112,58
em liie 6 mdi len tdi
130,80cm liic
10
tudi,
binh quan mdi nam tang them 4,56em va b
n\i
chidu cao tmng binh tang tir
110,35cm liic
6
tudi len tdi 132,40em
liic
10 tudi, binh quan mdi nam tang them duge

5,51cm.
+
6 Ilia
tudi phd thdng tmng bgc co sd (THCS)
(10-14
tudi), chidu cao ciia hgc sinh tang
vdi tdc dd nhanh hon.
6
nam chidu cao tmng binh tang tir
130,80
cm liie
10
mdi len tdi
150,58cm
liic
14
tudi, binh quan mdi nam tang them
4,95cm
va d nir tang tir
132,40cm liic
10
tudi len tdi 153,86em, binh quan mdi nam tang them duge
5,37cm.
+
6 Wa
tudi tmng hgc phd thdng (THPT) (14-17 tudi), tdc dd tang chidu cao cua bgc sinh
giam din.
6
nam chidu cao trung binh tang tir 150,58em lie 14 tudi len tdi 161,88cm liie 17
tudi,

binh quin tang them 3,77em/nam va d nir tang tir
153,86cm
liic 14 tudi len tdi 155,41cm
liie
17 mdi, binh quin tang them 0,52cm/nam.
- Trong qua trtnh phat tridn
ciia
hgc sinh, ed nhung giai doan chidu cao tang bdt phit. Dd
la
Ilia
tudi day thi. Ddi
vi'ti
nam
Ihdi
diem nay la hie
14-15
tudi chidu cao tmng binh tang them
7,36cm
va d nir thdi didm
niiy
la
liic
12-13 tudi, chieu cao tmng binh
eiia
cic em tang them
6,80em.
-
Giiia
nam va nfr tdc do phit tridn chidu cao cung khdng gidng nhau.
6

giai doan day
thi
chidu cao tang nhanh nhung tudi day thi
eiia
nir thudng ddn sdm hon nam
nen
tir 8 tudi chidu
cao
ciia
cic em nir da bit day tang nhanh hon cac em nam lam eho
sir
chenh
leeb
chidu cao giira
nam va
nii
giam dan, ddn 10 tudi thi chidu cao tmng binh
ciia
nir da
Idn
bon so vdi nam va d
thdi didm 14 tudi nfr cao hon nam tdi
3,28cm.
Nhung tir tudi
11
tudi chidu cao
ciia
nam bit diu
tang nhanh, trong khi dd tir 14 tudi trd di tdc dd tang chidu cao
eiia

nir bit diu giam nhanh cho
nen den
15
tudi chidu cao trung binh
eiia
nam da bdt diu
Idn
hon nir va den
16
tudi chidu cao
tmng binh d nam
Idn
bon nir tdi 6,22em, sau dd dn dinh d
mire
do nay.
Ve dd thj tang tmdng chidu cao
eiia
hgc sinh cho tbiy giua nam va nir cd bai didm giao
chdo.
Giao cheo lin
thir
nbat la
liie
9 tudi.
6
thdi didm nay chidu cao tmng binh
ciia
nii dat tri
sd bang nam va sau dd la
Idn

bon nam. Giao cheo lin thir bai la liie 14-15 tudi, khi dd chidu cao
tmng binh cua nam dudi kjp nir va sau dd la
Idn
hon.
Nhln
chung, trong 3 cip hgc pbd thdng thi d lira mdi THCS chidu cao
ciia
hgc sinh nir
tang nhanh nhit, eon d nam thi lira tudi tang nhanh chidu cao la giai doan eudi THCS va diu
THPT. Cd thd giai
tbieb
hien tugng nay la do trong giai doan day thi cua cic em he xuong phit
tridn manh, dac biet la cac xuong dng dai ra rat nhanh lam eho chidu cao cua cae em tang
nhanh. Cdn sau dd, hiu bet be)e sinh da day thi hoim loan, cic em budc vao thdi ky dn dinh din
vd chidu cao, do dd tdc do tang chidu cao giam dan. Thdi didm tang bdt phit chidu cao cua hgc
sinh nam vio liic 14-15 tudi va
ciia nCr
vao hie
12-13
Uidi.
92
2.
Suphdt
trien trgng lugng co the cua hgc sinh phd
thong
Bang 2: Trgng lugng co the
ciia
hgc sinh theo
Ida
tudi vd gidi tinh

Don vj: kg
Cip
hgc
Tidu
hgc
THCS
PTTH
Nam
Tudi
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
X
18,95
21,08
22,90
24,65
27,78
30,56
33,09
35,32

38,00
44,32
47,94
48,84
5n
2,86
2,82
3,41
4,06
4,38
3,87
3,92
5,23
5,19
5,32
4,78
4,92
Tang
2,13
1,82
1,75
3,13
2,78
2,53
2,23
2,68
6,32
3,62
0,90
NO

X
17,14
19,79
22,16
23,83
26,28
29,46
33,07
36,23
41,75
42,90
44,06
44,92
5n
2,35
2,86
3,65
3,05
4,02
4,13
4,26
4,84
4,67
5,06
4,12
4,87
Tang
2,65
2,37
1,67

2,45
3,18
3,61
3,16 •
5,52
1,15
1,16
0,86
Nam >
ncr
1,81
1,29
0,74
0,82
1,50
1,10
0,02
-0,91
-3,75
1,42
3,88
3,92
Kdt qua nghien ciru (bang 2) cho tbiy:
- Trgng lugng co thd
ciia
hgc sinh tang lien tuc tir 6 ddn 17 mdi. Ddi vdi nam, trgng lugng
tmng binh tang tir
18,95kg
liic 6 tudi len ddn 48,84 kg
liic

17 tudi, tang them duge 29,89 kg va
ddi vdi
nil'
tang tir 17,14 kg liic 6 tudi ten tdi 44,92 kg liic 17 tudi, tang them duge 27,78kg.
- Tuy nhien tdc dd tang trgng lugng co thd
ciia
hgc sinh khdng ddng ddu, cd giai doan
tang nhanh, cd giai doan tang chim:
-I-
d Ilia
tudi tidu bgc, trgng lugng cua bgc sinh tang tuong ddi ddng ddu, d nam tang
tir
18,95
kg
liic
6 mdi len 27,78 kg lie 10 tudi, tang binh
quin'2,21
kg/nam va d nir tang
tCr 17,14
kg
liic
6 tudi len 26,28 kg
luc
10 tudi, tang binh quin 2,29kg/nam.
+
6
lira tudi THCS,
tritng
lugng cua hgc sinh tang nhanh.
6

nam tang tir 27,78 kg liic 10
tudi
len
38,00 kg liic 14 tudi, tang binh quin 2,56 kg/nam va d nir tang
tir
26,28 kg luc 10 tudi
len 41,75 kg
liic
14 tudi, tang binh quan 3,87 kg/nam.
+
d Ilia
tudi THPT, trgng lugng trung binh d bgc sinh nfr tang chim
lai,
tang binh quan
1,06 kg/nam, cdn b nam tdc dd tang trgng lugng d lira tudi nay vin cao, tang binh quin 3,61
kg/nam.
Trong qui trtnh phit tridn d hgc sinh, ed giai doan trgng lugng tang bdt phit.
6
nam giai
doan nay
la liia
tudi 14-15 tudi, tang them 6,32 kg.
d
nir, giai doan nay la 13-14 tudi, tang them
5,52
kg/nim.
Nhu viy, tbiti didm tang trgng lugng be)t phit d ntr sdm hon d nam
1
nam.
-I-

6
nam va nfr, tdc dd tang trgng lugng co the cung khic nhau. O
liia
tudi tidu bgc, tdc
dd tang trgng lugng
ciia
nam va ntr tuong duong nhau nen
mire
chenh lech giira nam vi ntr
it
thay ddi. Tir
10
nam trgng lugng
eiia
nfr tang nhanh bon nam lam cho
mtic
chenh lech dd giam
93
din, ddn 12 tudi trgng lugng tmng binh
ciia
nu tuong vdi nam, tao
nen
didm giao cheo thii' nhit
tren dd thi vi sau dd trgng lugng tmng binh cua nir
Idn
hon nam. Tir 14 tudi, trgng lugng cua
nam tang nhanh nhung
ciia
nir lai tang ebam nen den 15 tudi nam da nang hon nir 1,48 kg va
didm giao cheo

thii
bai la giua 14 va 15 tudi.
3.
Suphat
trien vdng
ngi/c
trung binh
ciia
hgc sinh
Kdt qua nghien
ciiu
eho thay vdng ngye cua bgc sinh phd thdng tang lien tuc theo
Wa
tudi
nhung tang khdng ddu.
+
6
lira tudi tidu bgc vdng ngye tang cham nhung tdc dd tang tuong ddi ddng ddu, binh
quin 0,87 em/nam ddi vdi nam va 0,74 em/nam ddi vdi nu.
6
THCS vdng
ngye
cua hgc sinh
tang nhanh hon, binh quin tang
2,05cni/nam
ddi vdi nam va 2,97em/nam ddi vdi nir. O THPT
vdng ngye cua hgc sinh nam tang nhanh, binh quan tang 2,57 em/nam nhung ddi vdi nir tdc dd
tang vdng ngye giam xudng, binh quan tang 1,75 em/nam.
Thdi didm tang nhanh nhit
ciia

vdng ngye b nam la 15-16 tudi, tang 4,85 em/nam, va b
nvtlk
13-14 tudi, tang 5,27cm/nam.
Khic vdi chidu cao va trgng
luitng
co thd, d
ciing
dd tudi vdng ngye
eiia
nam
ludn
bon
nii.
Bang
3: Vdng
nguc trung
binh cua hgc sinh theo
Ida
tudi vd gidi tinh.
Don vi: cm
Cip
hgc
Tidu
hgc
THCS
PTTH
Nam
Tudi
6
7

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
X
57,42
58,24
59,15
60,26
61,18
62,36
64,55
67,02
69,48
72,07
76,92
77,88
5n
3,02
3,48
3,77
3,65
3,32
3,74

4,12
5,18
5,68
4,63
4,82
4,57
Tang
0,82
0,91
1,11
0,92
1,18
2,19
•
2,47
2,46
2,59
4,85
0,96
Nir
X
54,78
55,65
56,64
57,55
58,52
59,47
61,68
64,52
69,79

72,04
73,80
74,87
5n
3,15
3,20
3,35
4,05
3,42
3,86
3,63
4,52
4,46
4,75
4,32
3,89
Tang
0,87
0,99
0,91
0,97
0,95
2,21
2,84
5,27
2,25
1,76
1,07
Nam >
nu

2,64
2,59
2,51
2,71
2,66
2,89
2,87
2,50
-0,40
0,57
2,97
2,06
Tom lai, qua nghien
eihi
tren 3023 hgc sinh phd thdng chiing tdi cd
nhin
xet ring thd lye
ciia hgc sinh phit tridn khdng ddu theo
liia
tudi, cd giai doan phit tridn nhanh, cd giai doan phit
tridn chim. Sy phit tridn cua cic ehi sd vd the lye cung khdng gidng nhau, chidu cao phit tridn
sdrm hon so vdi trgng lugng co thd va vdng ngye tmng binh.
Mat
khie, khi so sinh kdt qua
nghien
ciiu
cua minh vdi kdt qua nghien
ciiu
cua cic tic gia tmdc day vd cac chi tieu nay b tre
em thude cic khu vyc khic cua Ha Ndi chiing tdi nhan tbiy ring cae ehi sd chiing tdi do duoc

94
ddu cao hon. Didu dd phin nao ndi len ring do tinh hinh kinh td - xa hdi phit tridn, hgc sinh
hien nay cd xu budng phit tridn sdm
hon so
vdi tmdc diy.
Ke't qua nghien ciin tren cho tbiy dd giup hgc sinh phit tridn thd
lye
mdt cich tdt dep cin
phai ndm
duge
cic dac didm phit tridn thd lye cua hgc sinh d timg
Wa
tudi, d timg thdi didm va
tiing
khu vyc va ndu cd didu kien thi d timg tmdng phd thdng. Hien nay, tren dja ban Ha Ndi da
cd mdt sd tmdng phd thdng tidn hinh kidm tra sire khoe cho hgc sinh nhung thudng thi mdi chi
thye
hien ddi vdi hgc sinh mdi duge nhin vao tmdng b diu cip hgc. Theo chiing tdi nen kidm
tra
siic
khoe cho hgc sinh mdi nam hgc ft nbi't la mdt lin.
Tdi lieu tham khdo
1.
Thim Thi Hoang Diep. Hinh thai va thd lye cua hgc sinh cua tmdng phd thdng co sd
thye
nghiem Ha Ndi. Luin in PTS, Ha Ndi,
1991.
2.
Dao Thuy
Khiie.

Dac didm vd
kich
thude, hinh thii, sy tang tmdng vi phit tridn co thd
ciia hgc sinh phd thdng. Tdm tat luin in PTS sinh
hgc.
Ha Ndi,
1991.
3.
Ta Thuy Lan, TRin Thj Loan. vSinh ly hgc tre em. NXB Giio
due.
Ha Ndi, 1997.
5.
Le
Nam Tri
(cbii
bien) va cic tic gia khie. Kdt qua budc diu nghien
ciiu
mdt sd
chi
tieu sinh hgc ngudi Viet Nam. NXB Y
bgc.
Ha Ndi, 1996.
6. Nguydn Tin Gi Trgng
(ehii
bien) va cic tie gia khic. Hing sd sinh hgc ngudi Viet
Nam. NXB Y
hgc.
Ha Ndi, 1975.
7.
Cao Qudc Viet va cic tic gia khic. Tudi diy thi d mdt sd

vilng
midn
Bde
Viet Nam.
TC Y hgc
thye
hinh - ky ydu cdng trinh NCKH Vien Bao ve siic khoe tre em
1991
- 1995.
SUMMARY
Developtmcnt physical strength of school pupils
The research was carried out in 1998, with 3023 pupils
(1504
males and
1519
females) in
Dich Vong A primary school, Nguyen Tat Thanh secondary school and Nguyen Binh Khiem
secondary school, in Cau Giay District, Hanoi City.
The result showed that physical strength of school pupils has developed without stopping
and increased by age. They has grown both in height and weigh. There is difference
indevelopment physical strength beetween two sexes.
Speed of increasing height and weight was bight in age
10-15.
95