Sử dụng một số trắc nghiệm tâm lý như một phương pháp nâng cao hứng thú học tập cho sinh viên khi học môn Tâm lý học đại cương

Sa
DUNG MOT SO
TRAC
NGHIEM TAM LY
NHU
MOT
PHUONG
PHAP
NANG
CAO
HUNG
THU
HOC TAP
CHO
SINH
VIEN
KHI
HOC MON
TAM
LY HOC DAI CUONG
DAO
THI
DIEU
LINH
Bp mon
Tarn
ly
-
Gido
due
Tru&ng

Dai hoc
Ngogi
ngu
-
DHQGHN
I.
Ly
DO
LL/A CHON
VAN DE NGHIEN
CQU
Tarn ly hoc
vua
la mot mon khoa hoc co ban
vua
la
mon khoa hoc
nghiep vu, bao gom nghiep vu
su
pham, nghiep vu an ninh, nghiep vu
y hoc
Dae
biet, trong cac nha
trildng
sir
pham, mon Tarn ly hoc
khong
chi
giiip
sinh vien

sir
pham
birdc
dau hieu co so tam ly
cua
cac
nguyen tic,
hinh
thiic,
phirong
phap,
phuang
tien day hoc, giao
due
ma con
bxidc
dau
hinh
thanh
6
ho he thong ky nang
sir
pham.
Tuy nhien,
voi
mot so dac diem cua mon hoe nhu he thong khai
niem, quy
luat rS't
triru
tuong,

kho hieu va cang kho van dung, dac biet
khi hau het sinh vien deu
Ian
dau tien hoc mon tam ly, do vay, sinh
vien
thucfng
cam thay rat bo ngo ca ve mat ly thuyet \in
thiic
hanh
Cling nhu phuong phap hoc tap. Nhiem vu
ciia
ngudi
giao vien
liic
nay
la phai co
phirang
phap giang day
ti'ch
cue,
thiet
thuc,
ly
thii,
giiip
ngudi
hoc co the hieu,
nh6
va van dung tot cac khai niem, quy luat
triru

tuong
nay.
De
CO
the lam
dugc
di6u
do,
chiing
ta phai phoi hop sii dung rat
nhieu phuong phap nhu: phuong phap
di6n
giang neu van de, phuong
phap su dung
true
quan, phuong phap sir dung sach va tai lieu tham
khao,
phuong phap sir dung va
trich
dan
tuc
ngii,
ca dao Viet Nam
Mat khac,
trie
nghiem tam ly la phuong phap
c0
ban va dac
trirng
240

cua tam ly hoc. Viec sir dung cac
trdc
nghiem tam ly trong qua trinh
day hoc khong chi giiip sinh vien hieu ro
han
ve cac dac diem tam ly
ciia ban than
minh,
ve vai tro cua cac
trac
nghiem tam ly doi v6i
nganh khoa hoc tam ly noi chung, ma sau xa hon, cac trac nghiem nay
con giiip sinh vien hieu sau hon ve cac khai niem, cac hien tuong tam
ly, gop phan nang cao
hiing
thu hoc tap mon hoc cho sinh vien.
Vi
nhirng ly do tren, toi da
lua
chon de tai:
"SU
dung mot so trac
nghiem Tam ly nhu mot
phuffng
phap nang cao
hiing
thii hoc tap
cho sinh vien khi hoc mon Tam ly hoc dai
cuang"
II.

MOT SO VAN DE
L?
LUAN
1,
Khai niem trac nghiem tam ly (Psychological Tests)
1.1.
Djnh nghia
Hien nay co rat nhieu dinh
nghia
khac nhau ve
Trdc
nghiem tam
ly, tuy nhien dinh nghia cua tac gia F.S. Freeman, nha tam ly hoc My,
la
duoc
chap nhan han ca. Dinh nghia neu
duac
ban cha't va
nhiing
dac
diem the hien trong mot trac nghiem tam ly.
Theo Freeman, 'Trac nghiem tam ly
Id
mot cong cu da duac chudn
hoa
diing
de do
ludng
khdch quan mot hay nhieu mat cua nhan
each

hodn
ehinh,
thong qua nhung
mdu
trd
Idi duoi
dang ngon
ngit
hoqe
phi ngon ngu hay mot hinh
thiic
hanh vi ndo khac ".
1.2.
Nhung
dac diem cua mot trac nghiem tam ly
Til
dinh nghia ciia Freeman nhu tren, ta co the tha'y
dugc
ba dac
diem cua trac nghiem tam ly nhu sau:
+ Tinh khach quan: la su khong phu thuoc ciia ket qua trac
nghiem vao ban than nghiem vien cung nhu moi quan he giira nghiem
vien va nghiem the.
+
Tinh
tieu chudn hoa: la
tinh
chat dugc quy dinh chat che ve quy
trinh,
ve

each thiic
tien hanh trac nghiem, ve
each
cho diem, danh gia
+
Tinh
doi chieu: la ket qua trac nghiem tren mot ca nhan, mot
nhom bao
gicf
cung dugc doi chieu
v6i
nhiing chuan muc. Nhung
chuan muc nay dugc can
c\x
tren nhung nhom
chudn (mSu)
dii
Idn
va
du dai dien cho mot quan the thuc.
241
1.3.
Cac tieu chuan cua mot trac nghiem khoa hoc
-
Trdc
nghiem phai co do tin cay cao (Reliability): do tin cay ciia
mot
trde
nghiem la kha nang trac nghiem do co the cho ta ket qua
giong nhau qua nhieu

Ian
do khac nhau tren
ciing
mot nghiem the.
Quang
each (thcfi
gian) giira hai
Ian
do qua xa hoac qua gan deu
CO
anh
huong
den do tin cay cua
trdc
nghiem,
cau
tra
loi
ciia nghiem
the khong
ehinh
xac. Neu quang
each
qua xa thi ket qua tra
Idi
cua
nghiem the se khong giong nhau, vi ban than nghiem the dang co su
bien doi
v6
ca tam ly va sinh ly. Neu khoang

each
giira hai
Ian
do qua
gan nhau se lam cho nghiem the thuoc va
nhdf
cau tra loi, do vay
nghiem the tra loi theo tri
nho chii
khong bgc
16
kha
ciia
minh.
-
Trie
nghiem phai co do ung nghiem cao (Validity): do
ling
nghiem cua
trSc
nghiem la kha nang cho phep
ehiing
ta do dugc cai
can do.
Ngudi ta
thudng diing
he so tuong quan de do xem trie nghiem co
do ling nghiem khong. Cu the do la moi tuong quan giua cac ket qua
do bang trac nghiem voi ket qua (ciing do ve van de do) do bang cac
phuong phap khac, hay cac

trSc
nghiem khac da dugc thira nhan.
- Trac nghiem do da dugc tieu
chuain
hoa: khi do tin cay va irng
nghiem dugc dam bao,
trie
nghiem phai dugc tac gia cong bo thanh
van ban (quy trinh tien hanh, do
ling
nghiem, do tin cay, ), khi do,
trie nghiem moi dugc coi la mot
trie
nghiem chuan (Standard Test).
1.4.
Phan
loai
cac trac nghiem tam ly
Co nhieu
each
phan loai khac nhau nhu: phan loai trie nghiem
mot each khai quat theo tirng cap doi ngugc nhau; phan loai can cu
theo phuong thuc thiet ke bai trie nghiem; can
cii
vao
trie
nghiem
nhim do cai gi de phan loai va each
thii
tu la chia cac trie nghiem

thanh hai nhom
16n.
Trong cac each tren, each phan loai thu: tu la pho bien hon ca.
Theo
each
phan loai nay, trie nghiem tam ly dugc chia thanh hai
nhom:
trie
nghiem ve tri tue va trie nghiem ve nhan each.
- Nhom cac trie nghiem ve
tri
tue (Mental abilities Tests) gom hai
tieu nhom:
+ Cac
trie
nghiem ve nhan
thiie
(Cognitive Intelligence Tests), dugc
242
do bang chi so
IQ,
gom ba loai: trie nghiem do
lucmg
tri tue chung
(General Intelligence Tests),
trie
nghiem nang
luc
chuyen mon (Aptitude
Tests) va trie nghiem thanh

tich
hge tap (Achievement Tests).
+ Cac trie nghiem ve
tri
tue
xiie
cam (Emotional Intelligence
Tests),
dugc do bang chi so' EQ: day la loai trie nghiem m6i, dugc pho
bien tir nam 1995
trof lai
day. Cac van de ly
luan
cua phuang phap nay
vin dang dugc tranh luan.
- Nhom cac trie nghiem ve nhan
each
(Personality Tests) g6m hai
tieu nhom:
+ Trie nghiem tu danh gia ve nhan each, nhu: eae bang nghiem ke
(Cheek Lists), bang hoi (Questionnaires); cac bang kiem ke
(Inventories).
+ Cac
trie
nghiem phong ngoai (Projective Tests)
2.
Hiirng
thu va vai tro cua
hurng
thu

"Hung thu
Id
thai do dqe biet
eiia
cd nhan doi voi doi tuong ndo do,
vUa CO
y nghia doi vai euoe song,
viJca
co kha nang dem
Iqi
khodi cam
cho cd nhan trong qua trinh
hoqt
dgng
"
(Tam ly
hge
dai cuang -
Nguy6n
Quang Uan
(chii
bien) - Nxb. Dai hoc
Qudc
gia Ha Ngi, tr.l73).
Muon tao
hiing thii
phai co hai dieu kien:
thii
nhat, cai
gay

ra
hiing thii
phai dugc ca nhan y
thiic,
hieu ro y nghia cua no doi v6i
ddi
song rieng cua minh;
thii
hai, cai do phai gay ra
a
ca nhan mot cam
tinh dac biet. Nhu vay, ve nguyen tic, hirng
thii
phai bao gom hai nhan
to:
nhan thiic va tinh cam.
Hiing
thii
bieu hien
6
su tap trung
chii
y cao do,
6
su say me ha'p
din
boi
ngi dung hoat dgng, va bieu hien
o
be rgng va chieu sau cua

hiing
thii.
Hiing
thii
co vai tro rat quan trgng doi v6i cac hoat dgng noi
chung va
vofi
hoat dgng hge tap noi rieng. Hiing thu lam nay sinh khat
vgng hanh dgng, lam tang hieu qua cua hoat dgng nhan thiic, tang
siic
lam viec.
Nh6
co hiing
thii,
qua trinh
lao
dgng va
hge
tap
ciia
chiing ta
di6n
ra nhe nhang han, say me, hao hiing han va dat hieu qua cao han.
Dac biet, cac thanh tuu tam ly
hge
(ca trong
nude
va
nude
ngoai) cung

deu khang dinh: hiing
thii
cua hge sinh duac phdt trien
tily
thuoc vao
243
ngi dung vd phuang phdp day
hge.
Vi vay, de nang cao hieu qua hge
tap cho hge sinh thi viec
luon
doi
mdi
phuang phap giang day, hay sir
dung phoi hgp nhieu phuong phap khac nhau de tao hiing
thii
hge tap
cho hoc sinh la dieu het
siic
can thiet.
III.
MOT SO
LLOJ y
KHI SU DUNG CAC TRAC NGHIEM TAM
LV
TRONG
DAY HOC MON TAM
LV
HOC DAI CUONG
De sir dung hieu qua cac trie nghiem tam ly de gop phan nang cao

hiing
thii
cho sinh vien trong qua trinh day hge, can
luu
y mot so diem
sau:
(1) Cac trie nghiem phai dat tieu chuan
ciia
mot trie nghiem khoa
hge,
cung nhu co day
dii
cac dac diem
ciia
mot trie nghiem nhu
tinh
khaeh quan,
tinh
tieu chuan hoa va tinh doi chieu.
(2) Trie nghiem phai sat vdi cac van de, cac khai niem hay cac
hien tugng tam ly trong bai hge, qua do giiip sinh vien hieu ro han ve
eae van de nay.
(3) Sir dung trie nghiem phai eo
sir
chgn
Igc,
tranh sir dung tran
Ian
vi cac trie nghiem co dac diem la thudng rat dai de khong lam anh
hudng den tien trinh cua mon hge.

Trong pham vi bai viet nay, chiing toi chi din chiing mot trie
nghiem ve tinh each va khi chat cua tac gia H.J. Eysenek khi day hoc
phin III - Nhan each va su hinh thanh nhan
each.
IV.
SCr
DUNG TRAC NGHIEM EYSENCK KHI DAY PHAN
III
- NHAN CACH
VA SU HINH THANH NHAN CACH
1.
Gidi thieu chung ve Trac nghiem
Giao su Tam ly hge ngudi Anh H.J. Eysenek bit dau cong trinh
nghien
eiiu ciia
minh bang viec phan tich eae tai lieu nghien
ciiu
d 700
ngudi
linh
yeu than kinh.
Tii
nghien
eiiu
nay va mot
loat
eae cong
trinh nghien
eiiu
khac,

dng
va cac cong tac vien da khang dinh hai
nhan to: tinh thin kinh
(d6
bi kich
thich)
va
tinh
hudng ngoai - hudng
ngi la hai thong
so'
can ban trong cau
triie ciia
nhan each.
244
D^
do hai nhan td' nay nhu la hai nhan to dai dien (tieu bieu) cua
nhan each, Eysenek da dua ra mot bang
cau
hoi, ggi la "Bang kiem ke
nhan each
eiia
Eysenek"
(Eysenek
Personality Inventory).
Trie
nghiem
gom
CO
57 cau hoi va yeu eiu chi tra

Idi
"cd" hoac "khong", trong do
cd 24 cau hoi ve nhan td I (tinh hudng ngoai - hudng ngi), 24 cau hoi
ve nhan to N (tinh than kinh - tinh on dinh earn
xiie)
va 9
cau
hoi
nham kiem tra do tin cay
eiia
cac cau tra
Idi
(nhan td L).
+ L>4: ngudi tra
Idi
khong hoan toan trung thuc va td phieu tra
Idi
khong
CO
gia tri.
+ Tinh each:
I>12
nghia la ngudi tra
Idi
cd tinh each hudng ngoai
I<12,
ngudi tra
Idi
cd tinh each hudng ngi.
+

Khi
chit: Xac dinh
tdng
diem I tren true "hudng ngoai - hudng ngi".
Tinh tdng diem N, xac dinh vi tri
ciia
N tren true "on dinh - khong
on dinh".
Tim
tga do cua hai diem tren de xac dinh loai khi chit.
cau
hoi cua trie nghiem se dugc trinh bay cu the trong phan phu luc.
Khong
on dinh
24
Hudng ngi
/Uutu
\
Binh than
Nong
nay\
12
1
Hoat
bat
/
24 Hudng ngoai
6n
dinh
245

2.
Vai tro cua trac nghiem EYSENCK trong phan III - "Nhan
each
va
sir
hinh thanh nhan
each"
Trong phan "Nhan each va su hinh thanh nhan each",
trie
nghiem
nay cd the dugc sir dung sau khi giang phan 5 - "Nhung thuge
tinh
tam
ly
ciia
nhan each".
Sau khi dugc nghe nhirng kien thiic ly luan ve nhirng thuge tinh
tam ly cua nhan each (dinh nghia, dac diem ), trie nghiem nay se
giiip sinh vien:
Thu
nhd't,
hieu rd hon ve hai thuge tinh (khi chat va tinh each) eua
nhan each ciing nhu vi tri cua chung trong cau
triic
nhan each noi
chung.
Thii
hai, sinh vien ed su lien he thuc te den ban than, kham pha
hay hieu sau han
vt

cac dac diem tam ly cua minh.
Thii
ba, trie nghiem lam cho eae em hiing
thii,
say me han, thiic
day cac em tim toi, kham pha cac dac diem tam ly, nhan
each ciia
minh ciing nhu cac dac diem, thuoc tinh tam ly chung cua nhan each,
tao hiing
thii hge
tap cho sinh vien.
Trong hge ky I (nam hoc 2004 - 2005) vira qua, khi day tai hai
khdi
Idp
(P5-P7 va N1-N4), toi da sir dung trie nghiem nay va nhan
tha'y sinh vien da rat hiing
thii
vdi trie nghiem va cac hien tugng tam
ly dugc de cap den trong bai, cu the: khong khi hge tap rat sdi noi,
sinh vien bay td su quan tam cua minh bing cac
cau
hoi, khong chi la
cac cau hoi ve trie nghiem ma eon ve cac khai niem, dac diem, bieu
hien
.cua
nhirng hien tugng tam ly trong bai hge.
3. Cach
siir
dung trac nghiem EYSENCK khi giang phan "Nhan
each

va
sir
hinh thanh nhan each"
Trie nghiem nay dugc thuc hien trong thdi gian tdi da la 30
phiit
(2 -3
cau/1
phiit),
dd la chua ke thdi gian giai dap ket qua trie nghiem.
Do vay, de khdng anh hudng den tien trinh mdn hge, chiing tdi da
hudng din hoc sinh each thiic lam trie nghiem trudc va de cac em
mang ve nha lam. Sau dd, d budi hge tiep theo, sau khi giang phan 5 -
"Nhirng thuge tinh tam ly
ciia
nhan each", chiing tdi se giai dap eae
thdng tin ma sinh vien thu dugc khi lam trie nghiem. So dd toa do ve
246
tinh
each
va khi chat cung dugc ehiing tdi thiet ke san va sir dung may
chidu
d^
khdng mat thdi gian ve lai tren bang. Cach thiic tien hanh nhu
vay, mot mat vin dam bao thdi gian
eiia
mdn hge, mat khac sinh vien
cd ca hdi lam cac trie nghiem tam ly ve eae dac diem tam ly, nhan
each
ciia
ban than minh, ddng thdi dd cung la mot vi du ra't cu the cho

khai niem "tinh each" va "khi chat", giiip cac em hieu rd hon ve cac
khai niem nay.
V. KET LUAN
Mac du chua cd dieu kien de dua ra nhirng sd lieu nghien
ciiu
cu
the,
nhung qua qua trinh giang day thuc te, tdi thay ring viec sir dung
mot each hgp ly mot so trie nghiem tam ly se lam eho bai giang
phong
phii
han, sinh vien hiing
thii
va hieu
sau
han cac khai niem va
eae hien tugng tam
ly,
vdn rat truu tugng
ciia
mdn hge.
Phu luc
TRAC NGHIEM EYSENCK
1.
Ban cd thudng xuyen bi
Idi
cudn vao nhiing cam tudng, nhung an
tugng mdi me hoac di tim ngudn cam xiie manh me de giai budn
va lam cho minh phan chan
len

khdng?
2.
Ban cd thudng xuyen cam thay can cd nhirng ngudi y hgp tam ddng
de ddng vien va an
iii
minh khdng?
3.
Ban la ngudi vd tu, khdng ban tam den dieu gi phai khdng?
4.
Ban cam thay rat kho khan khi phai
tir
bd nhiing y dinh cua minh
hoac phai tra
Idi
ngudi khac chir "khdng" phai khdng?
5.
Ban ed
can
nhic, suy tinh trude khi hanh ddng khdng?
6. Khi da
hiia
lam mot viec gi, ban cd
ludn
giir
Idi hiia
khdng? (bat ke
Idi hiia
dd thuan
Igi
vdi minh hay khdng?)

7.
Ban thudng hay thay doi tam trang:
liie
vui,
liic
budn phai khdng?
8. Ban cd hay noi nang, hanh ddng mot
each
bdt phat, vdi vang khdng
suy
nghi
khdng?
9. Cd khi nao ban tha'y minh la ngudi bat hanh ma khdng cd nguyen
nhan ro rang khdng?
247
10.
Ban c6
th^
xfi'p
minh
vko
loai ngudi khdng bao gid phai
liing
tiing,
ip
ling,
mh
ludn
s5n
s^ng

ddi ddp
vdi moi nhan
x6t hoSc bSit chSfp
ta't
ca
d^
tranh cai
d^n
ciing
hay khdng?
11.
Ban cd cam tha'y rut re, ngugng
ngilng
khi mudn bit
chuyfin
vdi
mdt ngudi khac gidi
d6
m^n
chua quen
bid't
hay khdng?
12.
Thinh
thoang ban cd ndi ndng,
tiie
gian phai khdng?
13.
Ban cd hanh ddng mdt each bong bdt, ndng ndi hay khdng?
14.

Ban cd hay an han vdi
nhiJng Idi
ndi hay viec lam ma dang
le
khdng nen ndi hay lam nhu vay khdng?
15.
Ban thich dgc sach hon la trd chuyen vdi ngudi khac phai khdng?
16.
Ban cd
d6
phat y khdng?
17.
Ban ed thich thudng xuyen cd mat trong nhom, hdi
eiia
minh
khdng?
18.
Ban hay cd nhiing y
nghl
ma ban mudn giau khdng cho ngudi khac
biet phai khdng?
19.
Cd diing ddi khi ban la ngudi nhiet tinh vdi mgi cong viec, nhung
cung cd
liic
hoan toan chan chudng, ue oai phai khdng?
20.
Ban cd thich tha ring cd it ban nhung ban than hay khdng?
21.
Ban cd hay ma ude khdng?

22.
Liic ngudi ta quat thao ban, thi ban cung quat lai phai khdng?
23.
Ban ed thay minh day
diit
mdi khi ed sai lam khdng?
24.
Tat ea mgi thdi quen
ciia
ban deu tdt va hgp vdi mong mudn cua
ban phai khdng?
25.
Ban cd kha nang lam
ehii
dugc tinh cam cua minh va hoan toan vui
ve trong eae budi hgp phai khdng?
26.
Ban cd cho minh la ngudi nhay cam va
d6
hung phan khdng?
27.
Ngudi ta cd cho ban la ngudi hoat bat, vui ve khdng?
28.
Sau khi lam xong mdt edng viec quan trgng nao dd, ban cd thudng
cam tha'y minh cd the lam edng viec dd tdt han hay khdng?
29.
Trong dam ddng, ban thudng im
lang
phai khdng?
30.

Ddi khi ban ciing hay theu det chuyen phai khdng?
31.
Ban thudng khdng ngu dugc vi cd nhieu y
nghi Idn
xdn trong dau
phai khdng?
248
32.
Neu ban mudn biet mdt dieu gi thi ban tu tim
liy
trong sach bao
chii
khdng di hdi ngudi khac phai khdng?
33.
Cd bao gid ban hdi hop khdng?
34.
Ban cd thich
nhiJng
edng viec ddi hdi su
chii
y thudng xuyen
khdng?
35.
Ban cd hay run sg khdng?
36.
Neu khdng bi kiem tra thi ban cd chiu mua ve tau hay xe khdng?
37.
Ban cd thay khd chiu khi sdng trong mdt tap the ma mgi ngudi hay
gidu
cgt nhau khdng?

38.
Ban cd hay buc
tiic
khdng?
39.
Ban cd thich
nhiJng
edng viec phai lam gap khdng?
40.
Ban ed hdi hop trude mdt su viec khdng hoac cd the xay ra khdng?
41.
Ban di diing ung dung, thong tha phai khdng?
42.
Cd khi nao ban den ehd hen hoac di lam, di hge mudn hay khdng?
43.
Ban cd hay thay nhirng can ac mdng khdng?
44.
Cd diing ban la ngudi thich ndi chuyen den
miic
khdng bao gid bd
Id CO
hdi ndi chuyen ea vdi nhirng ngudi khdng quen biet khdng?
45.
Cd ndi dau nao dd lam ban
lo
ling khdng?
46.
Ban cd cam thay minh rat bat hanh neu nhu trong mdt thdi gian dai
khdng dugc tiep
xiic

rgng rai vdi mgi ngudi khdng?
47.
Ban cd the ggi minh la ngudi
d6 xiic
ddng,
dt
phan irng khdng?
48.
Trong sd nhirng ngudi quen, cd ngudi ma ban khdng ua thich mdt
each edng khai phai khdng?
49.
Ban ed eho minh la ngudi hoan toan tu tin khdng?
50.
Ban cd dd phat y khi mgi ngudi chi ra nhung
Idi
lam
ciia
minh
trong edng tac hay nhirng thieu sot rieng tu cua minh hay khdng?
51.
Ban cd cho ring khd cd duge niem vui thuc su trong budi lien
hoan phai khdng?
52.
Cam giac tha'p kem han ngudi khac cd lam cho ban khd chiu
khdng?
53.
Ban cd
d6
dang lam cho nhdm ban be ciia minh dang budn chan
trd nen sdi ndi, vui ve duge khdng?

249
54.
Ban ed thudng hay ndi ve nhirng dieu ma ban chua hieu ky khdng?
55.
Ban cd lo ling ve
siie
khde
eiia
minh khdng?
56.
Ban cd thich treu trge ngudi khac khdng?
57.
Ban cd bi mit ngu khdng?
Tai lieu tham khao
1.
Bai tap thuc hanh tam ly hge - Tran Trgng Thiiy
(chii
bien) -
Nxb.
Dai hge Qudc gia Ha Ndi.
2.
Khoa hge chan dodn tdm ly - Trin Trgng
Thiiy
- Nxb. Giao due
1992.
3.
Phuang phdp trac nghiem trong kiem tra, danh gid thanh qua
hge tap -
Nguydn
Phung Hoang, Vd Nggc Lan. Nxb. Giao due,

1996.
4.
Tdm ly hge dai cuang -
Nguyen
Quang Uan
(ehii
bien) - Nxb.
Dai hge Qudc gia Ha Ndi.
5.
Tdm ly hge dai cuang - Pham Minh Hac, Le Khanh, Tran Trgng
Thiiy.
6. Trac nghiem tdm ly lam sang -
Nguy6n
Van Nhan,
Nguyin
Sinh
Phiic
- Nxb. Quan ddi Nhan dan 2004.
Tom tat
Tam ly hge dai cuang la mdt trong nhirng mdn hge mdi, triiu
tugng va tuang ddi khd ddi vdi sinh vien trong nhirng nam dau tren
giang dudng dai hge. Viec ludn ddi mdi va van dung phd'i hgp cac
phuang phap giang day khac nhau se tao nen d sinh vien su hiing
thii,
say me va hoc tap hieu qua han. Sir dung cac trie nghiem tam ly trong
qua trinh giang day khdng chi giiip cac em cd ca hdi kham pha ban
than ma edn giiip cac em hieu sau han ve cac khai niem va cac hien
tugng tam ly ndi chung
eiia
mdn hge. Trong khudn khd cua bai viet

nay, ehiing tdi chi xin din chiing mdt loai trie nghiem,
trie
nghiem
Eysenek va each sit dung khi giang phin
in
- "Nhan each va su hinh
thanh nhan each".
250