Hệ thống rào cản kỹ thuật trong thương mại quốc tế và những giải pháp khắc phục rào cản để xuất khẩu hàng dệt may Việt Nam sang thị trường Mỹ trong bối cảnh mới

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ


CAO QUÝ LONG


HỆ THỐNG RÀO CẢN KỸ THUẬT TRONG THƯƠNG MẠI
QUỐC TẾ VÀ NHỮNG GIẢI PHÁP KHẮC PHỤC RÀO CẢN
ĐỂ XUẤT KHẨU HÀNG DỆT MAY VIỆT NAM SANG THỊ
TRƯỜNG MỸ TRONG BỐI CẢNH MỚI






LUẬN VĂN THẠC SỸ KINH TẾ ĐỐI NGOẠI









Hà Nội – Năm 2012

ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC GIA HÀ NỘI
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KINH TẾ
o0o

CAO QUÝ LONG

HỆ THỐNG RÀO CẢN KỸ THUẬT TRONG THƯƠNG MẠI
QUỐC TẾ VÀ NHỮNG GIẢI PHÁP KHẮC PHỤC RÀO CẢN ĐỂ
XUẤT KHẨU HÀNG DỆT MAY VIỆT NAM SANG THỊ
TRƯỜNG MỸ TRONG BỐI CẢNH MỚI

Chuyên ngành: Kinh tế thế giới và Quan hệ KTQT
Mã số: 60 31 07

LUẬN VĂN THẠC SỸ KINH TẾ ĐỐI NGOẠI



Người hướng dẫn khoa học: TS. Nguyễn Tiến Dũng







Hà Nội – Năm 2012


Trang
 i
DANH  iv
 v




 1

 6
1.1.  6
1.1.1. Ro cn trong thương mại quc tế 6
1.1.2. Phân loa
̣
i ha
̀
ng ra
̀
o thương mại quốc tế 7
1.1.3. Ro cn k thut 10
1.1.4. Tác động của việc áp dụng ro cn k thut 21
1.2. 
 25
1.2.1. Yêu cầu có tính ro cn liên quan đến trách nhiệm đi với xã hội
25
1.2.2. Quy định có tính ro cn về môi trường 30
1.2.3. Tiêu chuẩn chng cháy của ủy ban an ton tiêu dùng 32
1.2.4. Quy định về nhãn mác theo lut về phân biệt các sn phẩm sợi dệt

33
1.3. 
 37
1.3.1. Trung Quc 37


1.3.2. Thái Lan 41
1.3.3. Một s bi học kinh nghiệm đi với Việt Nam 42


NAM 45
2.1.  45
2.1.1. Xuất khẩu dệt may Việt Nam ra thị trường thế giới 45
2.1.2. Xuất khẩu dệt may Việt Nam sang thị trường M 51
2.2.  
Nam 58
2.2.1. Hệ thng các tiêu chuẩn k thut 60
2.2.2. Hệ thng tiêu chuẩn trách nhiệm xã hội SA-8000 63
2.2.3. Tiêu chuẩn WRAP 67
2.3.  . 68
2.3.1. Những thnh công v hạn chế của dệt may Việt Nam trong nỗ lực
vượt qua các ro cn k thut trong thương mại của M 68
2.3.2. Nguyên nhân những hạn chế v tồn tại của dệt may Việt Nam 71
2.4. 
Nam 78


 81
3.1. 


, 
81


3.1.1 Cơ hội 81
3.1.2 Thách thức 83
 84
3.3 
86
3.3.1 Các biện pháp vượt ro đi với doanh nghiệp dệt may Việt Nam 86
3.3.2 Gii pháp từ phía Nh nước hỗ trợ doanh nghiệp dệt may vượt ro
cn k thut 97
 107
 109












i

D




A
APEC
Asia Pacific Economic
Cooperation

 
ASEAN
Association of Southeast Asian
Nations


ATC
Agreement on Textiles and
Clothing

AAFA
American Apparel & Footwear
Association
 

C
CPSC
Consumer Product Safety
Commission


CITA

Committee for implementation
of textile agreement


CPSIA
The Consumer Product Safety
Improvement Act


D
DOC
Department of Commerce

E
EC
European Commission

ii

EU
European Union

G
GATT
General Agreement on Tariffs
and Trade


GMP
Good Manufacturing Practices



GTB
Green Trade Barrer

GCC
General Conformuty
Certification

I
IMF
International Monetary Fund

ITC
International Trade Centre

ITA
International Trade
Administration


N
NTB
Non-Tariff Barriers

O
OECD
Organization for Economic Co-
operation and Development
 


S
SAI
Social Accountability
International
T

T
iii

TBT
Technical Barriers to Trade
 

U
USITC
US International Trade
Commission

USD
United States Dollar

V
VITAS
Vietnam Textile & Apparel
Association

PQKT
Technical regulation


W
WTO
World Trade Organization

WRAP
Worldwide Responsible
Apparel Production



WB
World Bank

iv



STT


Trang
1


OECD
8
2
.2



9
3


 
54
v



STT


Trang
1



 


11
2
.1
        
 t
46
3
.2
        

 
 t
49
4

        
     5 t

50
5



56


1

 





 .
  

16

op 10  8% trong kim

.
   
  

 
may 


       
- - 
         
 
  . Do


,  , 


 , 


 






















  
.
 

2

 



  



,   
 
  

quan (NTB-Non-Tariff Barrierstrong 
TBT-Technical Barriers to Trade



.
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, 
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
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   

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
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


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
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

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
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.



.  



 trong

1. .

         
, 
 

3

       -    (8/2005)   
   
    
- 

  
 
  v.v     ch  
  hay 

, 
   
     
 
may 
 

2.   .
   
     
;   doanh
  trong 

.


4

-  







   
     








may ,  
-     ,
 















.
-  
 ng 
may .
3. .
 
- TBT 
may 
-  

   






, 















Nam sang  
4. .
- Phương pháp tổng hợp 
  trong 
      trong
.
- Phương pháp phân tích, thng kê

 
5



- Phương pháp so sánh, đi chiếu
               
 
  

 
 

.
5.  .

- 
 TBT    
  
-  
,  .
6. .
 
  :
: 


.
: 



    






may  .
:  t  




.

6

1
  

1.1  .
1.1.1 



.













































 
, 
















 







 ; b

















 



  
. 



















.  







































.








  , 


, 













. 












  , 



, 

























chung.
 





 : 







 . 














 , 

















7

 



 . 






 . 










 quan.
1.1.2 










.
 : 


.
1.1.2.1 Hng ro thu quan.




























 



















 . 

, 






 




 .  : 


  . 

,   








.
   

  , 






















 . 



















 .


















 





 , 






















 . 

 . 























.


, 











 



 , 


8










.
1.1.2.2 Hng ro phi thu quan.























 ,  . 


































, 











.
 





 . Theo




OECD, 14 :
Bng 1.1: Bng phân chia cc ro cn phi thu quan ca OECD
STT
Hng ro phi thu quan
1

2

3

4

5


6

7

8















9

10

9

11

12









 


13
 : 





, 

 ,





14

Nguồn: OECD
 ,  7

, m:
Bng 1.2: Bng phân chia cc ro cn phi thu quan ca Việt Nam

quan





 


);





 


, 
 
10



 hay



xu
Nguồn: www.moit.gov.vn


1.1, 1.2 , 






 



























 . 











1.1.3 .
1.1.3.1 Khi niệm v ro cn k thut.






, 







































, 







  







 .  











 
















, 




 .   ong
 -     Technical Barriers to
Trade, tiêu chuẩn k thut 
quy trình nhằm đánh giá sự phù hợp 
 [69].

  


-  
11

.   
 [68].


 , 

     










 , 



 .

















 
:

Hình 1.1: Hê
̣
thô
́
ng ro cn thương ma
̣
i
Nguồn: Đinh Văn Thnh (2005), Ro cn trong thương mại quc tế, Nxb
Thng kê, H Nội
 
 





quan 

Quy















 









cho










Quy














Quy
























i









12

1.1.3.2 Phân loa
̣
i ra
̀
o ca
̉
n ky
̃
thuâ
̣
t.
, 







 . 

, 
:
a) Cc tiêu chun v cht lưng






 

















.
:
 , 



 : 



, , 


, 

, 



, 







, 






,
.
 , .
















 















 , 
















































 









.
b) Tiêu chuâ
̉
n vê
̀
an toa
̀
n cho ngươ
̀
i sư
̉
du
̣
ng















 , 


 , 





 
 , 



 , 
, 



















 : , 

, 
, , , , 
























13

















 




, 








.
c) Tiêu chuâ
̉
n vê
̀
lao động va
̀
tra
́
ch nhiê
̣
m xa
̃
hô
̣
i


, 
















 8000
















. 















(ILO) 






 



 SAI (Social
Accountability International) . 








 

















8000, 















 8000 

ra. 




, EU, 



 , 

   















 , 



 ,




, 





















la


             



8000
 


14

d) Quy đi
̣
nh vê
̀
ba
̉
o vê
̣
môi trươ
̀
ng (Hê
̣
thô
́
ng qua
̉

n tri
̣
môi trươ
̀
ng
ISO 14001:2000)
















 









. 

, 





 


, 













 





 



 . 





 


























. , 


 





















 14001:2000 


 .
e) Hê
̣
thô
́
ng thư
̣
c ha
̀
nh sn xut tô
́
t GMP (Good Manufacturing
Practiecs)
 , EU, 



, 


 
GMP.

              

o 

o 
o 
o 
o 
o 
15

1.1.3.3 Quy định ca Tổ chức Thương mại Th giới (WTO) v ro cn k
thut.

The General Agreement on
Tariffs and Trade  GATT).       


-12-
 



-  
- 
- 
- 
-  





 

TBT (The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers 
           
