Bài tiểu luận Enzyme Amylase

 
 
  !"#$%&'()*+ (,
#-()*."/

01'2%%&

345'."*6
1/ Nguyn Lê Hong
2/ Hong Ngọc Duy Quang
3/ Nguyn Th Kim Vân
4/ Nguyn Ngọc Trung
5/ Lê Nguyn Nhân Luân
Tháng 5/2010
789
 
 
MC LC
:'*%"%  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ;
+:'*%
<+#=*  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
<<+1>  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
<<<+?"@='*  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ A
0+BC%4D
<+E-  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 
<<+ *  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ F
8+ G7  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ F
H+ I7  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 88
;+ J7  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8;
+K-8L7%"-M  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8
A+%%  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8A

+G7%"-M'  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8
<<<+(N"O'  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8A
8+PQ'  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8A
H+:"-  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8
<R+()*541'%&  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8F
8+%S'%&  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8F
H+%&'T'."4&'  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8U
;+%&'T44&'  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ HH
R+N=V="W?-'WQ  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ H
8+N4?W--'WQ  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ H
H+X="W?-'WQG7'-Y%ZM4  ++++++++++++++++++++++ H
;+X="W?-'WQ%"-[ J7\  ++++++++++++++++++++++++ HU
+D%Z*"]41W^W2'%&"-'.""-  +++++++++++++++++++ HU
(+_M`
<+_M`'-aV%O'0  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ;;
<<+_M`'-aV%O'0=>  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ;F
<<<+ _M`'-aV%O'3-  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ;
<R+_M`'-aV%O'"S  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 8
R+_M`'-aV%O'P=Zb-  ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ H
R<+_M`'-aV%O':%"-41,&'  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ;
R<<+_M`'-"cPc'd"ef"  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ;
R<<<+_M`'-")*M*'  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ ;
1*%'Za-  +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ A
7H9
 
 
:'*%"%
PQ'L"g4-'41"O'Ph-1Q''1]C%'!P&"O''-
"cWQMMi"^-1"jD%-1WQ4&'Z="+,k!1
%LQ''TPl'%S'T'c [-\+-C%='>'5%"fP?'^

E'1W%"-1"O''-5%Sem"n'-'."/+
-1'PQ'"op4'oC%'!'-")*'."/M-p
'n"O'q"^"f+PQ''Wm"Mg1"O''-WQ'="-"="
'."/MrL1'="E1PD"-'."/MZ-L1"="c%'sZc'Mn41
1Wt"W2'-WQ"dLWQW1S"-D%-'."/+05"WL'PQ'"oWm"
Mg'-"="1")*Z="aV%O'OLm%L++++
D%"'5'c@M`%S'PQ''TZ-'ELf>L)[l\L"o
5u"''>@M`-41Z->1%S'PQ'"^c%+-"cPc'
PQ'41WL")W-C%'!O'1'%vE'PQ'4D"="WWNa+3%
WL"^c%'5"NuWWN5L'w&Wm"O'D%a/
C%'!6m%"SLm%4LPL"="-"Mp%"NL-"MLx"WE
'Mg"M-t"
H
3K

W2'^E'PQ'+Zc'C%a"-'OL'%vE
Py"MO'ZZ2-='41''-D%a/Z)-%s41Z)W=
d'5%"%/'-1'."/'-Z='1"-+(-5*W2'^E
'PQ'''@M`'%&'T'."4&'-t""="-4
4&'+
-1L"o"D%%W2NZ@M`"MW2'%vE'PQ'
emVf"'="'OLZ)5%"]%"-4D'c'P?@M`La"n"-C%=
'>'"M?"W+%S"'2O'T]'"L]W"['\L
'Pla]L'TOs"Lx-WWm"'%&'T'4sm
D%O'L"^c%Mg'-aV%O'P+%5*%"-aV%O''1
-LPlLZ->LxWE1p%S%5*%z'D"'2'>'OM{M1u"
'+(-5WE1Q'm'c411=''2"'21"Nu"-D%1
Z="=''2+
7;9
 

 
A. Giới Thiệu
I. Khái niệm Enzyme:
-"N'2s["="'cP1-\%)%)VaC%='>'-WB"O'+3.'-WB
"O'T'>.sZ)"o'S'+|%='>'-WB"^Q'"O'1'&m"^O'
D%"="ad!"d"'+(="ad1"5C%"t'"w4%41
WD%"}~%+1m"O'-'Vf"'=""-"="ad!"W+(f
"ZaeVf"'="Wt"*%"="ad!"O'W?41WaPa-"-"="ad
Va'-Q'"D%O'W?4's"WQ?1'-"N'2s+
"'-]%c'"="-'cP1-"^"N'2s+(nM-p'="EVf"
'="  "  %S  s"    !"  5    "o  Wm"  !  1  "="  "O'  Vf"  '="    !"
[P-"''-\yW2EP*'4"=""O'Vf"'="!"
(f1"O'Vf"'="!"Z)"}"4'oC%'!'-C%='>
'uL=''2"^!4&'1"op4'oO'C%'!'-")*"c
Pc'."/L'-!"L'-Z$'%&'E'n"L'-")*41Pa-4*Q
'+
II. Enzyme Amylase là gì?
1Q'*O'BPc'-'c4&'+(="1
'%Q"      '^  EL  Vf"  '="  E  a  5  Zc'  Q  E  '@  '-  
-""M4.'"^"+
YY• € 7K  Y € Y•K
'^E'PQ'L"-41MV''1%"-L'-41MV'
"c+(=""'-"P!'["oWm"!1'\L'-M?"'5%
"^41WQ4&'L'-'a]LOmLVZ%/LO414Z%/+
-"P!'"^"'uQ's-WQ4&'"4f'>Z)"
.L"L•-+++'Pl'W]%'^E'PQ''T*41C%='>1-1'O'u%Q'
-"^'%c'`["oWm"!1-\+"^''^E
'PQ'f"'1M""M1"N"O'"-C%='>5PuO+
1Q''-p-Wm"dM`QkO''-")
*L'cL41D%‚4."Z'cZ="LWt"P*'1'-1")*'."/+

79
 
 
III. Lịch sử phát hiện
886#"-ƒƒL3''"P%"d'f"a]"'="M`
"%2'PQ''1Wu*'WQ'T

(9

(+
e8;;L41-[=\'5"S41-M?""c'1L'%Wm"Zc''^"
ZaeEa'PQ''1WL41Wt''51'[V%O'=''T'c L
M''"L"‚1EaLW1\+3%1'-WD?"^%"-L
Ea'PQ'Wm"!1+
e8A86%"Wk='*"P!'"j"ZaeEa'PQ''1
W+3%WL"="'-"P!'L'-M?"'5%"^41WQ
4&'L'-'a]LOs"LO414Z%/Pl'W]%Wm"C%'E5"d%+
e8HL4VZWk'="Wm""^'%c'`PyN=O
'`"!!"+
e8UUL3"„WkV="W?Wm"s"%"%2"^G718U+
e8UALM413"-Pc's"%"%2"^β71HA+
ce8UAHL'Wk'%Wm"FHu''=Zc'''-W"
G7+
e8UF8L…V'-441"Q.PyN=W*M'5-"MWk
V="W?Wm"."t'"^Q'mG741%"-'-"'
Os"41Q'mr"="EW-"-'."MV'41'%"-+
*"=""'5'caV%O'1'e'O"c/L'-W
&'1""'%D'sE%WO'L%WWcL=L,$L,"L`
2L+++Wt"P*'k-4-"^,"18'-pkaV%O'B'c
'5'c+05"W'-pe]WE"="")†%41%|%s""j

Pl'W]%5"d%41aV%O'+
c%uE†%"'Tf"1%S"^c%"-4*""%2
'PQ''1WL'>uR{)'Wm"aV%O''TOs"'5
)'%)"O1"="-j"s"""d'PQ'+k-4-Wk"D%"c
/WWm"@M`Qk'-"="1")*6()
*aV%O'm%PL")*aV%O'PQ't'L")*Ox
7A9
 
 
B. Tổng quan về Enzyme Amylase
I. Phân loại :
*L"=%-Wm"Vc41-H6M-[
QP1-\41V-[-P1-\+
- Endoamylase : S"G7[(;+H+8+8\41Z@=+
Z@=1Wm""'1-6Z@'."'c1%%[G7MV'
7%"-M-  \  [(  ;+H+8+8\‡  Z@  =  'c  1  '%"-  [  --78L7
%"-M\ [(;+H+8+H\ 41-78L7%"-M [(;+H+8+8\+(="1'^
E"="5Zc'P5'-"^"%ˆ-""M+
7Exoamylase+E1p'^E'PQ''@W]%Z)Z@"^"%ˆ
-""M+1S"6
€I7[(;+H+8+H\
€-%"-M[%"-J7\[(;+H+8+;\
Các loại Enzyme endoAmylase v exoAmylase
* Sự khác biệt giữa các loại Enzyme Amylase:
7(="-Z)"}Z="%uWt"'n1"oZ="%u
-'WQ41'nBW?4*'
7s"WQad"^`'%Q"41- L*'WQLd"WQ-"^
"N"O'+(=""%Ss"Z="%w"'n"O'L"N"c'="M`41a
/"%s"g"^C%='>'^EZ="%+
79


V-
I7 J7
M-
Z@=
G7
#@'."'c
G7MV'7%"-M-
[%%\
#@='c
--78L7%"-M
['%"-\
R1-8L7%"-M
 
 
7"%Ss"Z="%w"'1]L'n"O'L*'WQ-'WQL
's%41"="Wt"W2'^EZ="%+
II. Hệ Enzyme Amylase:
1. Enzyme α-Amylase (α-1,4-glucanohydrolase) (EC 3.2.1.1):
a) Cấu tạo:
 G71-' "E'@ m'OL'y'-Z-a
A+Wc++(Q's'mWt"P*' G7'T-14Z%/
Bacillus macerans"E'@m5Wc8;++c'WkPc'O'‰"="
"%ˆ"M"^8-G7"}"H-G71'Z7'T
Apergillus orysee41G7"^'`mWm"5"d%Z$4D>'2Z)"O%
'f"P&";+,WE"="5"d%4D'nWSO'"^"%ˆ""M414D4gZ?
""-'O"=""%ˆ""M"^'O'"a"="G7WD%""O%'f"
P&";'N'.%+
Cấu trúc không gian của α-Amylase
b) Cơ chế tác dụng của α-Amylase:

G7'T"="%SZ="%"D%WDO's%+G7"Za
eE"l'"="5Zc'G78L7%"-MyunP5'-E'@"N"O'['PQ'
7F9
 
 
-t""-\Q'"="~%5LZ)'-Q''&''.1-"a+G7Z)"}
'^ES'PQ'1'^E"a''PQ'%5-4's"WQO'"&+
|%='>'^E'PQ'PuG71C%='>WW-6
€ŠW-W]%[W-MV'\6(}Q'sE'@"N"O'P?'^E
'-'1Q'mMV'E'@'O[G7MV'\LWQ'"^S'PQ'a
["="-41-"'WD%P?M?"\+
€3W-H[W-W\6(="MV'E'@'O'-'1P?'^
E'c'`"'-"="''7''-Z)"-1%4-M+(=""O'1P?'^E
O'"&PuG7 "-'M""M41--""M+'="M`"^G7
L-P?EaZ='1--""MS7Fs"%"-[4>
4&L  ' "- y G7 %) E "l' - '1 'T W-  7 F s"
%"--8\+
€3%WL"="-%"-1P?E"l''c'`"'-5"=""-%"-
"-"dlM]41P?Ea"&Wc'-''-L'-'-41'-+|%Q'
''="M`M1La/'^E"^-"d8;‹%"-41F‹'-+
="M`"^G75-"'"jVa'N'.4>Z)E"l'Wm"
5Zc'G78L7"-Mu"ˆ"='-E'@-"'5Mg""?%'="M`
E%'>a/"%s"gL-1"="W'5[FH‹'-418U‹%"-\"o"
MV'E'@'O41-'-‹+
LM'="M`"^G7L'PQ'"'2"%2'1'-''-L
'-L%"-41MV'E'@'O+%5L')'G7"}'^E
'PQ'"^c%'1MV'E'@'OZ)"-1%4<-M41Q'n''-+#a
eMV'"-"^G71'n"O'Wt"'"^+R>4&L''
!-11MV'M?"+
(="W-"^C%='>'^E'PQ'"^G76

€:W-MV'6
PQ' MV'E'@m'O
€:W-W6
V' ''41''-MŒ--""M
--"M-%"-
,'-'-'-'-''-
c) Đặc tính α-Amylase
79
G7
 
 
G7'T"="%SZ="%"'1]-"MZ="%Lˆ-G7
"Q''Bm-"MWt"*%5+G71Q'-'1%'-L
''-L"M%'"41'"+(="%'""M41'""M"cZ-a•
'Bm-"M"O%'15E'@6
€G7"n''-41"Z-aF78s""'+
 €!mE'@"^ G7Os"6A+7A+[#8UA‡
ŽL3'L8U\+
€M{''-"L'-M%M?"%s41m%-k+
€-'"^"="G7"'n"Mc%41"'n"O'"^-P%+
2W•W*y'-4g •LH7ALF[0ƒML8UA8\+
G71Q''-+,ˆE'@G7WD%""d87;%5
'@(‘-LZ)n'N87%5'@‘-('41-.>'1
41BW?"O%'f"P&";"^LM%'>-'WQ"^[,-M--4L8UA\+-
WL("o"4'oM%'>.'S'"^ZP?'="WQPu"="'="EEPc
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*'WQ"-L'&"nu

('-;-'."MV'"^"}"oHH7HU‹L-'
."W"oHF7A‹+ŠA

('-HLG7"^Om1P?4)-'-1
'-1[,41"Q.\+
Một số tính chất của α-Amylase từ vi sinh vật
Tên vi sinh vật pH
opt
T
opt
Phân tử lượng (kD)

Bacillus acidocaldarius ;LA FA 
Bacillus stearothermophilus LA9LA A9F; 
Bacillus subtilis AL;9L A F
Acinetobacter sp.I FL A9AA AA
Acinetobacter sp.II FL A9AA A
Bacteroides amylophilus L; ; UH
Micrococcus halobius L9FL A9AA U
Streptomyces hygroscopicus AL9L A9AA 
Streptomyces aureofaciens L9AL;  
Thermonospora curvata ALA9L A H
Aspergillus prysee ALA9ALU  AH
Mucor pusillus ;LA9L A9F 
Lipomyces kononenkaae ALA  ;
Schwaniomyces castellii L  
2. Enzyme β-Amylase (β-1,4-glucan-maltohydrolase) (EC 3.2.1.2):
a) Cấu tạo:
I7*M*BPcu'."4&'LWt"P*'1'a]+Š'-"="'j
"s"a]LI7Vf"'=".'%vE"="5Zc'8LG7%"'-'PQ'L
%"-41-""MLE"l''T'-'TW]%Z)Z@"^"+
,'-Wm"'-'1M-.Vf"'=""^I7""O%>I+
Šj"s"LI7'41-.Ea"^'PQ''-C%='>a]
"^'+ŠfLI7Wm"'Bm'-%s'C%='>"^'41]%Z)Wm"
'Bmu'Z)+Šf"L"t'u'-'Z)LWm"'n"j'-%s'
C%='>=''2"^'LZuM5Zc'L11Q'E'@"'!m
E'@1+41ZP?E"l'PuQ'-'wWm"'n"MM'.M-
41"ZsmE'@1AU++
b) Cơ chế tác dụng của β-Amylase:
I71Q'-P1-[V-\+c'>EaPl'W]%'TW]%
Z)  Z@  "^  "="  =  -1  "g  "N  "O'  +  I7  E  "l'  "="  5  Zc'  G7
8L%"-MZt5Zc'G78L%"-MWdZc"&5Zc'G78L%"-M'>

7889
 
 
wT'="M`+]-""M"o1MV'E'@""dO'D%
5Zc'G78L%"-M41Wm"!1I7MV'+
(N"c'="M`"^I75'PQ'
PQ'
 7
β
→
'-[A7A‹\€I7MV'[H7‹\
[%"-\
PQ'P?'%vEWS'Pu"aG41I7'>m'PQ''%vE'UA‹+
c) Đặc tính của β-Amylase:
I71Q'P%L'EVf"'="""d93 LX7(KK 414o
M-"^"="s"'M411-P1-[V-\
I7Z)PDZ "(
H€
LI7P? Z>kPu(%
H€
L 
H€
L%L
-M-"'ML-ML--x
I7"?%*'ZhNG7PDN4"M+I7P?
PO'-'u*'WQF

(+*'WQ's'n""^I71AA

(L AL89ALA+

41-"N"c'="M`"^I7'"Q'"P-V'2*
'n"O'=E41Q'M-'2*'n"O'="'-+3.?"Wa->'2
"^""P--[(8\Wm"'."*4*"'-'1m"O'WS-='?'%
Z2%'V'p""P--41""P-V"^'E-'WQ+3%W'1P?
E%vPu'="WQ"^8E'@"5""P-VW2aG7'-41
-1%5""PV"^+
Các đặc tính của β-Amylase
Nguồn gốc Enzyme pH
opt
T
opt
Phân tử lượng (kD)
" ALH 7 A
f> ALH9AL AA LH
ˆ'N AL AA AF
#- AL9L A9AA A
B.cerus FL  A
B.polymyxa FLA  H
B.megaterium LA 7A A
3. Enzyme γ-Amylase (glucoamylase) (EC 3.2.1.3):
a) Cấu tạo:
J7[%"-G78L7%"7%"-M-\1p"'2
'%vEWm""aZ2%5Zc'"^"=""G7%"W2auMI+
:%"-J7 "^c%Wm"'-Pu"="44&'+t"P*'1Z2%O
s"%L"%41Y-%
78H9
 
 
-%"-M'TOs"1"="-'"ZsmE'@mM-WQ
O''THF+Wc88H+'%“'%Q"41-%Ss""^

"%'>"="-%"-MWD%"d"="s"5'-L''-L41Q'@
s""'+%5sC%*p"%ˆ"ML"O%'f"P&";41-'WQ"^
 4~  " Wm"  1  = 'r  'O' "a  "="  -%"-M 'T O s"  WD%  1
%"--'"d'TA7H‹%V''-W"^c%1"="--""M%"--L
"'-41%"-
(="-%"-M"^c%Wm"'-5'T-<41<<Z="%uZa
e'%vE'PQ'u''=l41PuWQPD"^"f+-%"-M<'.O
'`41'%vE'PQ'u''=lLm"-%"-M<<Z)""a'
"O'1+
b) Cơ chế hoạt động:
-%"-M"'2aI77%"-Py"="'%vEtD%
]"="5Zc'G78L"^"G7%"'TW]%Z)Z@L"f"j'%vEWm""="
5Zc'G78L41G78L;O'"&[87;]\+s"WQ'%vE"j`'%Q"41-
Pa"O'"^"="5Zc'ZD"&4"="5Zc'%"-'Wm"'%vEL"jZn"
'%"41"O%'f""^"N"O'P?'%vE+O'14"="G7%""M1[-41
-"'\'>P?'%vEN14"="'-MV'41"="--""'+
c) Tính chất:
:%"-"Zae'%vE"="5Zc'G78L~G78L%"-M+#'%v
E5Zc'G78L7%"'-"%ˆ-""ML%"-'="]m''TE
'@%"-ZrW]%Z)Z@"^"W2'-%"-+1"D%'5!
Z="%6G78L‡G78L7%"7‡7%"-M-‡%"-‡-%"-M‡
'Z70‡J7x1-P1-+
-1"="5Zc'G78L41G78L%"-ML%"-"o"Zae'%vE
"="5Zc'G78LH41G78L;%"-M+
:%"-"Zae'%vE-1'-1'PQ'L%"-L-"'L
MV'L-L-'-41'-'1%"-L1Z)"]".'"%a"="
-Z="+:%"-'%va"="-""M"E'@N-
4"=""O'"E'@r+(="-""M"=-"'L%"-LI7
MV'P?%"-'^EZ=+
78;9

 
 
s%"-"-'.""-O'u4g" ;LA9ALA41*'WQA

(+
PD4"MNG7ZhPDN'-m%L"'-41Z)Wm"Pa-
4*Pu(
H€
+
4. Oligo 1,6-glucosidase (dextrinase tới hạn) (EC 3.2.1.10)
1"'2'%vE5Zc'G78L9%"-M'--'-L-41
"="MV'''1W"'25Wm"+1"uR3RWS'
"j"'-"="'a][W"L'"a]\+-1--98L9%"-ML*
MV'"^'j"s"L' a]"o"-"'98L9%"-MY9
  41  MV'98L9%"-M    -98L9%"-M    MV'77
%"-"M-+ -1WD%'%vEMV''*'W2NG741
I7M-W'-M%M?"'%vE"D%'-N+
*'WQ's'n""-"="-'WQ"^"="MV'1

(41 's'n"1AL8+
5. Enzyme pullulanase (α-dextrin6-glucosidase) (EC 3.2.1.41)
1"'2'%vE"="5Zc'G78L"^'PQ'L%"-L%%41"="
MV''+D%W="fq1.W?4?"^"="5Zc'G78L"auWc'="
WQ"^+t"P*'1."t'"^5Zc'G78LyDZDP55Zc'G78L
1WD%Z*"]'c'"-E"l'5Zc'1
%%Ea"="5Zc'G78L%"-MP?P-C%'dnPu"="5Zc'
G78L+"o"Zae'^E"apMV'E'@ 'O"}S"s"
'-s%Py5Zc' G78L%"-M+="M`*WS"^ G741
%%1P?'^E-1'-1+
6. α-glucosidase hay maltase(α-D,glucoside-glucohydrolase) (EC 3.2.1.20)

D%-Oma1+:s%"-L'^E
'-'1%"-Z)'^E'PQ'+,'41%"-'ƒ1Q'
WSO'4T"Zae'^E5Zc'G78LL'-"="%"--M4T
"Zae"%2"="s"%"-MW41m%+
III. Cơ chất:
(N"O''="M`"^1'PQ'41%"-+
1. Tinh bột: 1("P-M'u'."4&'L""^c%'-"="-"^Z-
LZ-'ELZ->xL'-"="'j"s"L"="-'41"")'d"'BC%='1
789
 
 
[(


8H
K

\

+ ''PQ'">M=O'Z="%4Zn"'"'THWc8A”+PQ'
Z)""Zsm5Z-a8L;;98L+
7PQ'1"O'Z-=-"W2>"O%'-'T-9"'•41-"'+
vs-41-"''-'PQ''41-Z-a86+(aWD%'-p
s" G77%"-+-""O%'-"'•+(fWm"5Zc'Pu"="s G78L
%"-'41G78L%"-'5'-'1D%=+-1-41-"''-
'PQ'"o""dQ'mr"=""O'Z="%sZ-=L"O'Ph-L-''x 1
m"%"^"fZ-aLH9LF‹+
7PQ'Z)o''-"L'-m%41'+-M{''-"
41'-5WQ'"^M%M?"+-"'Zo''-"'-M%M?"O'
'+

7-"'PQ'wf'"'Nu41'-M+,d"WQ'N"^'
PQ'`'%Q"*'WQ+#'eM]*'WQLM?"'PQ'wPc'1MZ-41!1
S'PQ'+*'WQ1"-S'PQ'"WQ'"."W!1*'WQS"^'
PQ'+-'."'c%)%)'S'Q'*'WQSL4>'PQ'"^%5*%
PO'Z>WD%SD%'"Zn"'"Z="%+
€Amylose:""O%'-"%ˆZ)E=L"'•"O%'-'T"="s"G97
%"--L5 Zc'4%Pus"G78L%"-MLM1Z-a ;9 8s"
%"-LV-l'-"D%oV-ˆV-l"s"%"-'-'1>`"="+(O%'f"
V-lWm"p4p"="5Zc'M-Wm"'-'1p"="K '.M-+05
'-V-l"'2Zc'm4"="%5'@Z="+(g4-"'L"="E'@
-''-5"O%>''PQ'u'."4&'+RnM`-'-'11%V
Z'="M`4<-MLc%W%5Zc'M-P?"l'Wd'L"%ˆ-P?M%ˆ'•
M-P?'="Zr-M%M?"O'1%V+
 -'Wm"EPsu]P5'-"^''PQ'+%M?"-
"WQ''ONM%M?"-"'+-P?Zc''^Pu"-P%'"+
+ Amylopectin: 1  Q' -  " =L Wm"  "O%  '- 'T  "=" s"     G77
%"--  5 Zc' 4 %PuG78L 41 G78L%"-'+,d" WQ- '@
-"'"'25Wc='?1'*%+(O%'f"E""^P-S8=
'%'E["d5Zc'87\'T=1='"="=`""D%M1Z-a41
"`"  s"  %"-  +  #s  m  E  '@  "^  -"'  Z-a  A  7  8  '*%+
-"'Wm"EPst'-1''PQ'+%M?"-"'"WQ'"-L
ZW%1'WBE%l"41Z)'%&?""O%'f"E'@-"'E
''=S-='PQ'+PQ'"'2P?'%vEM'="M`"^
78A9
 
 
-t""M'-'1"="a/"ZsmE'@'ON!1MV'+(="MV'
1"'2P?'%vE-1'-1'-'1"="s"%"-+4&a/'%vE
-1'-1'PQ'1%"-'%5upWD%Z*V="W?LM'="M`"^
M""''-1a/"^c%'-a/'%vE'PQ'+

Cấu trúc của Amylose và Amylopectin
2. Glycogen :
:"-"j'%Q"%"L1-""MM.'pu41WQ4&'+E'@
"-"")'d""%1[(


8
K
A
\"jE=sE'@-"'
d"WQE=D%N+]"="s"%"-'-E'@Zc'm4
%C%5Zc'G78L%"-'L5Zc'G78L7%"-'u"ˆE="^E'@+
:"-P?'%vEM'="M`"^-t""M+#'%vE-1
'-1"-&Wm"G77%"-+:"--1''-"L"-1%Wr'n
-t"WrE%4-'
:"-" ss"D%N'PQ'+E'@mu'-Z-aH9;'*%+
:"-M{''-"Lc%"f'eC%=D%(P-M''>"N'2"f'
w"%2"f'1"O'Ph-M.'p+ŠWQ4&'41%"-"^c%'&'%u
+
789
 
 
Quá trình thủy phân tinh bột của các Enzyme Amylase
IV. Công nghệ lên men và thu nhận Enzyme Amylase:
1. Nguồn thu nhận:
"'-"="'cP1-4&'LWQ'."4&'L"="-Os"+
,%s'%&"]"c'f'Zr'cP1-+
-"N'24&'Lu'-'cP1-"O'41"=""O%'@'-5'cP1-
E"--xZ)"ZaeWC%1'cP1-LW2W41-M%M?""c'+
R>4&4*"W]%'51"]a=4i1'cP1-+R*"=4i"O%'f"'cP1-"'2@

M`Q's"="%6
€0*="N!"DV4PQ''%v'L"=''"-t"=V
WS-=x
€0yM%)p%"NP%'-LV'-L"L'V''x
€0y5%EL'XL'…Rx
3%ZDrWm""c'f'Py%"M%M?"W*'n"mL
-t"M%M?"%s'%'nx
%M?"'%Wm"%Z"c'-1"o""="'"O'Z="-'
L%sL%V'x
(f'"]-PrW2'%&"WQ'Zc'"-+(O'D%N
='"%WE1Q'sN="NPaWm"@M`Qk41"
*%C%a6
78F9
 
 
€2-%s41'"O'"'!mE'@r'MgN='/'n"
C%1P='O+"O'"^11w"-"O'"'!mE'@rWC%+
(=""O'"'!mE'@P?p[L-'+++\+
€2-)'41'"O'"'!mE'@"-'MgsmD%
N=Z="%l"ZnO`Ll"Zn'-WB-LW*M!"x
a) Động vật:
"'-'`'"^WQ4&'+`'1sM"gLM1LL
yn%MM1Lp=="41'='1+(D%M1"^'`'Z-a;7;A"L
41tZ-a78A+05'-"p4="er"'`''1D%'g
r+`'4T""d"eQ'c'4T""d"e-'c'+
%&'TWQ4&']1'TM?"'`'+U‹'`'Wm""O%
'-'T"="'cP1--'c'-t"1'cP1-'%c+(="'cP1-1'c''5%-=41-'-
'='1+
b) Thực vật:
m"O'TD%%S6

7"[ -M%'4%\6"s141sD%1[L1\L'-W
'@M`-1W2aV%O''1PLp-"oW21'd"e"-
f"+
7f[K'4\6(^c%u4g)•
7)[’\6"D%-)6)W=L)PQ'L)e.+ ')"1%'lL
1%411%S+)1%41M-".*M*"^"-'-M41V'u
'-QjL)1%S1M-'-Qj"^)"'-"
c) Vi sinh vật:
1M-%'c4DD%t'LR3R'u'1%S'%"^
W-+p"^R3R'-D%'Wm"E&'T"="%S'.5+
R3R'-Wm"MgD%N"a1OmLaO414Z%/L"oV
Z%/'>n'N+
7(="sOm'Mg1sOmAspergillusLRhizopus
7 O  41 a O  '%Q" "=" s CandidaL Saccharomyces. Endomycopsy,
Endomyces "j'-+
7D%4Z%/"Zae'-m6 Bac. Polymyxa, Phytomonas
destructans, Bact. cassavanum, Clostridium acetobutylium, Pseudomonas saccharophilax
(="4Z%/*'"Zae'u41=''2's'u*'WQ"-5Z
789
 
 
%)"fn'P?{R3RZ="+="fq1Bac. diastaticus, Bac. stearothermophilus,
Bac. coagulans, Bac. circulans
7-VZ%/O'ct-'-wL'%5"j"Q's
"•VZ%/*'+Micromonospora vulgaris H"Zae'-Q'm
rG7-'WQuA

("g4-'41"="Z="+
2. Thu nhận Enzyme từ thực vật:
a) Malt đại mạch:

,'1'T"}''='a]+|%='>aV%O''S"="P"%6
E'L^'"-a]LO''NL'="]LPa-C%a'Z)+
* Yêu cầu về nguồn nguyên liệu
7 '"1%4141=L'Ng'N+
7 'a'%]L'v*'-"}Wm""cA‹+#)"'P?P*
7Rr'–F7U‹'!m'+!m8'Z-a7+
73d"a][C%1'd;"^C%='>a]\67U‹
7#aea]['nWc1'dA"^C%='>a]6—UA‹\
7Q/"^'Z-a8A‹
7%'!6A9‘
7 1m-'6U98H‹
7 1m'PQ'—;9A‹
* Sản xuất Malt
(="P"'-C%'>aV%O''W"6
"77777—1"777777—OPa-C%a777777—E'7777777—^]777777—'
'N777777—O'77777—'="]{777777—'Z)
E '6"Wm"E'-"""-WcZW'Wc."EP14D
WQ/+(fqWc.')Zn'-Zs'Py"="Wa-'QZs''V%5+,`"
Wn""^W-11'-WQ/"-'"WD%Z*OW^-VLW/(K
H
41"="a
/PO'm"-C%='>a]"^'-1Zs'+
#E'L"wO41-'1"-'2'n"''e5L"="W
u''=Z)-'WQ"%2''=-'WQ41-''n"^w
M]41'%vE"=""O'M.'p"E'@m"-u'-''1"=""O'"
E'@mrNWL-"M+R>4&L"]a%)%)"fqWc.
')ZnLWQ/"^'41*'WQ+
78U9
 
 

'W"Z)]%Z)"-'.""^G7+#'"%/P?a
]'>V%O'*-'.""^G741-'."1'eM]+c1'dF41'd
"^C%='>a][*'WQ89H

(\L-'."1W'Wcd"WQ'sWL%Wa
V%s+R1-f"-'.""^W'Wcd"'sW'>aTC%='>a]
Py"="O'Wa]u*'WQ'n"m+


Các bước quy trình sản xuất malt khô
b) Malt thóc:
"1-j"s"'Su4g)W"Zn&%+Šp4g*'W
'5"d%4*"@M`''"LPlW2''cQ']'-1PQ'W
"+
* Các bước trong quy trình sản xuất malt thóc
'f7777777—1"LE-77777777—OPa-C%a777777777—E'7777—^]
7777777—''N777777777—O'777777777—'="]{777777—'Z)
-Cf'>a]"^'L"="L-'Lx-'WQ
Vf"'=""-"="PcWBqL-='-''%vE"=""O'"-E'@
'PQ'41"%-L-''1p"O'WNaN+|%='>a]Va
Z'"W]W^"="WD%Z*'n"m4DWQ/L*'WQ+
E '6'-'f"˜Q'm"uM5Zc'+"'TP5-1
Z'O41-'w-1'"=""O'M.'pL-'"="Vf"'="C%='>Ea
"="m"O'"-E'@'-''1p"O'WNa"%"O"--'WQ'e
7H9
Sấy khô
Thu nhận, xử lý,
làm sạch, phân
loại
Mầm rễ

khô
Tách mầm
rễ
Sấy khôNảy mầmNgâm
Không khí
Malt khô sản xuất
bia
Malt khô bảo
quản
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Đại
mạch
 
 
'u"^)W2>'1"E]+)1Nf'"O'+s"WQf'"O'
u'W]%M-"."5*"=%O''/'O%O'p)'P5-1
41"="'cP1-P5'-'LWS'"=""O'Z-=-"'NuO'L"14D%L
d"f'""^'"1a+
™'64*"^''aC%;W-
€:W-86Zh-M1;1+Š1'dPPl'W]%a]L*'WQ"^Zs'
'eM--'WQ)O+#s'"]Wm"Wa-H7;]‘1+
€:W-H6Zh-M1;1+f"1"S]41{]'e'uL
*'WQZs'"j'eM--'WQ)O"-+#s'"]Wm"Wa-H7;
]‘1+
€:W-;6p1%C%='>a]Va"&M]L*'WQ'e
c%41Zs'"j"]Wm"Wa-H7;]‘1+
* Các quá trình xảy ra trong quá trình nảy mầm của Hạt
#"uP5-1'O41-'L"="m"O'"-E'@P5'-''O"
41'N5L"="'%vE-'WQLE"l'"=""O'1'1p"O'WN
aNu''=-1'+(=""O'1Q']Wm""%2WcW2%))LQ']

P?'5%-M--'WQ)O41]Wm"@M`W2"%2-='1p"O'
"-E'@u"=")"^"Ea]+ -'WQ)O'-'"]Wm""%"O
-VWS''aZn(K
H
41'-a*'1"-*'WQ"^Zs'e5LM-W"]a
"fq'Wa-'QZs'+
-'WQ"^6'-Zs'LuM5Zc'41"fWm"
"%2''=-'WQZ'a]+-1"o"Q'sWm"
'Bm+(="-'WQ'-C%='>a]"^'f+
 7G761Z)-1'-1-'WQu'"n+ -''n"^
G7'eM]'-C%='>a]"^'+Š*'WQ8A78F

(L-''n
"^G7W'Wc"."W41-1'd898H"^C%='>a]‡Š*'WQH9
;

(L-''n"^G7W'"."W41-1A9+
7I76I7'S'uM5Zc'41Q'sn'-'WQO'
c%'-'"n-1'-1+ -'WQ1'e5'-C%='>'a]+
W2-'WQ"^1W'Wc"."W"j'%“'%Q"41-*'WQ+
7KV -=#@6-C%='>a]L-'WQ"^"="1
'e5M-W-'WQ)O"^'"j'e+ -'WQ)O"^'
O'41-1'd9u*'WQHF7H

(41"WQ)O`'%Q"41-WQ/"^'L
*'WQ41-mK
H
"%"O+
7H89
 

 
šPhương pháp tinh sạch Amylase:
(N=
7"PyN=l"Zq
7  %  &      Py  N  =  W*  M  '5    -"M
[-"M:"'--9:\
3. Thu nhận Enzyme từ vi sinh vật:
%S'%&"^c%16Os"LVZ%/LO414Z%/x
#%)R3R'-"C%='>5C%&''c'4%+|%='>
'BmZsR3R41C%='>'n"'`'-'cP1--1)'+
ŠQ'sR3RLC%='>'Bm'c1--4C%='>
'uL‚1.'n"'``'%Q"41-'%c'n"^.'eZs+
* Yêu cầu chung
,%s'%&"="4*%%O'"-"]a'c1E&L41
"!sR3RW2'%2Op"^-'WQLWS'a'c1.
"!"N"O'"ad41'1])''s'n""j'5%"%/-="="WD%
Z*%)+4&.'BmZ)p`'%Q"41-'n"O'M
'%D"^R3R1"o`'%Q"41-4*"'%2"!"="WD%Z*%)Wt"*%+
-1"="c%'s-=!"['1])'\L'>"="WD%Z*q-="^C%=
'>%)"O"j"Q'q‚O'Ws4'Bm+
-"="c%'sauWc'Bm"="'-C%='>
%)R3RL'>'1])'L'n"O'"Nq"^)'LWQ'*''gLWQ/
PW]%LWQ'-=ZnL*'WQ%)41 )'x1pc%'s"NPa'sC%
'!
* Nuôi VSV tạo Amylase bằng phương pháp bề mặt:
• ›5%"]%Ws4)''1]MMi+
›5%"]%"NPaWs4'1]"^)'%)R3R'-"js
5%"]%Ws4)'%)R3R'-Z="1'n-1'*+ ]%c'"="
R3R'-WD% O'`"P-"^c%u"="Mm"O' p% "N ['PQ'L
MV'x\LW-uM

H
K41"^"="m"O'p%"NL-Vu'-'1]"O%'@"N
Pa"^)'41uM-VE'@+
(O%'@"n"^)'R3R'-PyN=5PDt'1
"=>L"=-+(=>L"=-1%5*%-1a-41"'21Q'"O%'@M%O'
"^)'W2%)R3RZ)"]PB%'5"=""O'Z="p+(=>"89HH‹
7HH9
 
 
'PQ'L898H‹-'L'-W"="-"MC%'!'-[L8U‹\L
"'[L;‹\L[8‹\L[‹\L''-[L;‹\L;9‹"O'Ph-L8L;‹
"%-L"="%5's'N[9+U‹L#98‹L(9+8‹L7+U‹\41"="%5's
4m"g"=""O'Z="+(=-"Z-aH‹'PQ'898A‹"O'Ph-L898‹
-'L98‹"%-L"=""O'-1'Z)"d'N[;F9AU‹\
(O'm"^"=-L"=>"au'-'.""^+(=
Z)Wm""d'PQ'MH9;‹+5Mg"='s'L"=Z)"4?"%
4?WlLZ))gs"+Q/"^"=Z)C%=8A‹L'"O'WQ"Z)C%=
LA‹+++%1c*%"^")*VV='L"="j'NWsWl''DLN
p'-C%='>%)R3RL"=""O'MMiZ)Wm"@M`c'L4>'c"'2
'"=PyQ's"O%'@z'DN+(O%'@1'1]"[8A9H‹\L'O%[H
9A‹\Lg"[A78‹\x('2Mg"tPk"'l[%Z"="\1
"O%'@"n"^)'[3-4LŽZV-4\8UFLWaPa-"cWQ'*''g+(=41"="
"O'`"dD%P1-'@R3RZ="5"]a'*''gW2WaPa-"^%)='
'2P>'41"'aV%O'Z)"dR3R-+(]''gM
=%O'N87A''-4o7L"'2''gPyNu*'WQ8H

(
'-Uf'+#''g"-41-LH‹ƒ-[‹\41L‹ (Z$'%&''-Zs
m)'+
• Độ ẩm tối thích cuả môi trường6

-WD%Z*aV%O'LWQ/PW]%'s'n"[Ws4Asp.niger , Asp.awamort,
Asp.flavus , Asp.arysee\"^)'1A9‹41ap"-)'"WQ/W
'-%s'C%='>%)+Q/1'eC%=AA9F‹w1aWQ'-=ZnL"o'O
NA9AA‹'>Z>k.'u41=''2"^R3R"j.'-
+-WD%Z*'*''g's'[)''-P>'="L'-'^Oo
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 
Ảnh hưởng của việc giữ độ ẩm trong quá trình sinh trưởng tới sự tạo α-Amylase của
Asp.ozysee nuôi bằng phương pháp bề mặt .
Phương án thí
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WD%Z*aV%O''-=Zn's''>'%)W2"'2'n"%$"."WWs4
'T-Om414Z%/%6
Chủng Thời gian nuôi ( giờ )
7Asp.orysee9F H7HA
7Asp.oryae9#( ;9;
7Asp.oryae Ž
8
 H9;
7Asp.awamoriHH ;
7Bac.subtilis 9FH[u;

(\
* Nuôi VSV tạo Amylase bằng phương pháp bề sâu:
• Môi trường dinh dưỡng :
t"W2"%"-!)'%)R3R'-1""O'"a
d6'PQ'L MV' '-+ %S'NM Mi' Mg1 'N4) "N
[K
;
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"=")'""="%s"^"M%ƒ%"+s4'u"^Q'sOm'-
'41--98L9%"--'WQO'"]"."t'"^,'-)
'+2'-WD%Z*"-R3R=''2's'41D%'"-'541-
)'"="-""c'""c']"L""c')L""c'W&%
1LxW1%SPB%-"ML4'41"="'"O''u+WE1
Q's)'rMgW2R3R'-"="+s4AspergillusL'

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;
‡L8‹
Ž3K
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‡L8‹#
H
K

‡LA‹,3K

‡LA‹#(41"=+
2'e"Zae'u"^R3R41Zae'-"'2'5
""c']"L""c')L""=O%L""c'PQ'W&%1+
7HA9