điều tra cơ bản đánh giá tác động môi trường tăng trưởng kinh tế bắc bộ phục vụ quy hoạch phát triển bền vững năm 1999 - 2001

MUG LUC
Trang
Phan Ma dau 1
ChuoTig
1: Mo
hinh
Mesopuff II 4
1.1. Ca sa
ly ihuye't
4
1.1.1.
Xirly
cac yeu to
khi lugtig
Mesopac 4
1.1.1.1.
Trucmg
gio 4
1
1.1.2.
V^n
i6c
ma sal be mat 7
1.1.1.3. Do cao
16p
xao
Iron
10
1.1.2.
Tinh
loan khuech tan trong Mesopuff 11

1.1.2.1. Phucmg trinh khuech tan chum khoi
11
1.1.2.2.
PhuoTig
trinh
Ian
truyen chum khoi 13
1.1.2.3. Ham lay
m^u
chum khoi 15
1.2. Can true chuang
Irinh
16
1.3. Cac modun
chinh
17
1.3.1. Chuong trinh Read62 17
1.3.2.
Chuotig irinh
Mesopac 20
1.3.3. Chuong
irinh
Mesopuff 24
1.4. Yeu eau ve so lieu 30
Chuang 2.
Tinh
toan
lugng
phat thai 33
2.1 Mot

sdphuong
phap
lijihloan
lugng phat thai theo so lieu
saeap
33
2.1.1.
Cach ixac tinh khi
thai cua To
chire
Y le the
gi6i
(WHO) 33
2.1.2. Cach Lr6c
linh ciia
Strauss W., Mainwaring S. J 42
2.1.3.
Cach
ix6c tinh khi
thai theo Van phong Tieu
ehudn
va Ke
hoach
Chat lugng Khong
khi,
ciia Caquan
Bao ve moi
trirang
My 43
2T.4.

Uoc tinh
theo Du an nghien
ciru,
cai
thien moi
trirong
cho
thanh pho Ha Ngi, Cong ly hgp tac
qude
le -
Nhal
Ban
(JICA)
47
2.2.Nhanxet
48
2.2.1.
Nh^nxet
Chung 48
2.2.2.
Nhan
xet
vi
each
u6c tinh
lugng phat thai va
mik
do
ehinh
xae 49

Chuong 3.
Tinh
toan ap dung cho
viing
Ha Noi 53
3.1.
Khai
qiial
chung ve hien trang moi trucmg khong
khi
khu vue Ha ngi 53
3.2.
Tinh loan ap
dung 53
3.2.1.
So lieu
khi lugng 53
3.2.2.
l/dc
tinh
khi
thai lai cac
ngudn
57
3.2.3.
Ket qua linh loan va so sanh vai ket qua do dac 58
3.3.
Danh gia anh hucmg
cua
he so khuech tan 64

Phan Ket luan
71
Tai lieu
tham
khao 73
Phuluc
75
Phulue
1 76
Phu
liic
2 79
PHAN MO DAU
Nen c5ng nghiep the gi6i ngay
cang
phat
irien
da gop phan cai thien, nang
cao chat lugng
euge
song
ciia
eon nguai, song cung keo theo hang
loat
cac van de
phuc tap khac, trong do c6 van de ve 6
nhi6m
moi trucmg.
[1-7].
ChungTa

deu biet
r^g
khong khi la moi trucmg song cua muon
loai
va la tai
nguyen
v6
cung qui gia cua nhan loai
nhimg
bau khong khi xung quanh la khong
phai la
v6
Ian.
Chinh
vi
vay, van de chong
6
nhiSm moi trucmg khong khi la nhiem
vu bans dau irons
eon^
cuoc bao ve va lam saeh moi
trucmfr khons
khi"
noi
riene
va
moi trucmg song noi chung.
O
nhiSm
khong khi con gay ra cac hien tugng mua axil, hieu iing nha

kinh,
thiing lang
ozon va nhung bien ddi khi hau mang tinh chat loan eau nhu lam tang
nhiet do
irai
dat,
dan^
cao muc
nir6c
bi^n,
tans cac hien
tuons
thien tai
lu lut

Moi
tmang
khong khi a
nirac
la,
dac biet la a cac khu cong nghiep va do thi
Ian vin
dang ton tai nhung dau hieu o
nhiSm
dang
lo
ngai. Phan
Ion
cac nha may,
xi

nghiep ehua dugc trang hi cac he thong
Igc,
xu ly bui va khi doc hai va hang gia,
hang ngay thai vao bau
khi
quyen mot lugng khong
16
cac chat doc
hai,
lam
vain
due
khong khi ca mot
viing
rgng
1cm
xung quanh nha may.
Muc do
6
nhiSm khong khi gan mat dat khong the ehi danh gia bang lugng
thai cua cac nguon
6 nhiSm
ma eon
b^ng
sir
phan bo cua cac chat
6 nhi^m
trong
khong gian va theo thai gian thong qua cac tham so cua cac h6n hgp hoi
khi

doe hai
va bui.
Sir
phan bo nay phu thuge vao cac dieu kien khi
tirgng
nhu che do gio, nhiet
do,
lugng may
v.v.
[8
-
15].
\'ai
cac bai loan eu the khac nhau, nhung dai lugng khi tirgng khac nhau can
phai
CO
de linh loan
sir
phat tan
ciia
cac tap chat, nhung bai loan nay
ec) the
dirge
phan
loai
dua vao nhung gia
thiel
ve quang duang
Ian
truyen

ciia
lap chat: No thoat
ra
liir
nguon nao, dich chuyen ra sao va
phai
tan vao
Icfp
bien khi quyen nhu the nao?.
Nguon lap chat do c6 the la
didm
, ducmg hoac dien
lich,
no tac dgng
tire
thdi hay
laudai.
[16-18].
Neu du bao hay
biel Inrdc
dugc cac tham hoa xau ve moi trucmg xay ra, c6
the giup chung la phong tranh hay lam giam
ihieu
dugc cac
ihiet
hai do. Do vay, van
de du bao
6 nhiSm
moi tnrong khong khi c6 mot y
nghia

rat quan
irgng
trong euge
song hang ngay cung nhu
irong
cong
vi6c
ciia chung la.
Hien nay
d^
linh loan muc do o
nhiSm
moi trucmg,
phii
thugc vao nhieu yeu
to,
a
cac nu6c nguai la xay
dirng
va
sir
dung nhieu phan mem khac nhau vi du nhu:
CDM, MPTER,
ISC,
ROADWAY, MESOPUFF
H,
LADM, v.v. Trong luan van nay
chung
loi lira
chgn mo

hinh JVTESOPUFF n
[19] va mot so van
dt
lien quan lam doi
tirgng. Mo
hinh
MESOPUFF II dugc USEPA (Cue moi
tmong
My) phe
duyel
cho
phep
sir
dung danh gia linh loan chat lugng moi trucmg khong
khi
khu vue. Mo hinh
MESOPUFF II la mo
hinh
chong chum khoi c6 quy dao bien thien. Mo hinh nay
phu hgp cho viee mo
hinh
hoa qua trinh truyen lai,
phat
tan cua cac chat
6 nhilm ti^r
cac nguon
di6m,
nguon duong va nguon dien lich tai cac khoang
each virgt
qua

khoang each
thich
hgp cua cac mo
hinh
Gauss truyen thong vai quy dao
ehiim
khoi
theo duang
thang.
Day la bg phan mem 1cm long cong khoang 10.000 dong
lenh,
chia
lam nhieu modun, va cac chuong trinh con.
Muc dich cua luan van:
-
Tim
hieu va
nSm
vTrng kha nang
sir
dung bg chuong trinh
tinh
loan
6
nhiSm
moi trucmg khu vue MESOPUFF II.
- Phan lich, danh gia mot so yeu to ca ban anh
huong
den ket qua linh loan
nong do cac chat gay c)

nhiSm.
- Ap dung tinh loan, phan lich cho mot
ddi
lugng, khu
vire
eu
thd.
Bo cue cua luan van ngoai Phan Ma dau, c6 3 chuong ngi dung trong do
Chuong I: Mo hinh MESOPUFF II, giai thieu ve bg phan mem ca so khoa
hge va eau
triic
chuong trinh.
3
Chuong
H:
Tinh loan lugng phat thai, de cap den
vi^c
tinh loan lugng phat
thai
i\i
cac so lieu sa cap theo
mOl
so phuong phap
ihOng
dung hien nay,
eijng
mot
so phan lich danh gia.
Chuong HI: Tinh toan ap dung cho
viing

Ha Ngi, so sanh vai so lieu do dac
cung nhu danh gia kha nang ap dung
m6t
s6' tham so xac dinh theo so lieu do dac
a
Viet Nam.
\^a
cuo'i Cling la Phan Ket luan.
Trong luan van su dung cac so lieu ve khi tugng va nguon trong Du an Dieu
tra
Co*
ban cap
ISHia nude
"Dieu
Ira
ca ban, danh gia tac dgng moi trucmg vung tang
tmang kinh le
Bde
bg phuc vu quy hoach phat
iri^n
ben
vung"
nam 1999 -
2001.
CHl/ONG
1
MO HINH MESOPUFF II
1.1. Co
sof
ly thuyet

7.7.7.
Xu ly cac yeu
to
khi
tugng
Mesopac
LLLl.
Trudng gio
Mesopac tao trucmg gio theo
lirng
gia lai m6i diem lLr6i tinh tai 2 do cao dugc
ngu5i sir
dung
lira
chgn: trucmg gio lang thap dai dien cho dong 16p bien, va trucmg
gio lang tren dai dien cho dong tren
Icfp
bien. Trucmg gio tang thap dugc su dung
d^'
tinh truyen lai
chiim
khoi trong 16p xao
Iron
va xae dinh do nang lu6ng thai
ciia
cac
chum khoi mai phat ra. Gio tang tren dugc
sir
dung de tinh truyen lai chum khoi tren
16p

bien. Tai m6i bu6e
th6i
gian,
imdng
gio thich hgp de truyen lai mot chum khoi
dugc xae dinh bang each so sanh do cao
chi^im
khoi vai do cao
iron
thay d6i theo
khong gian va thai gian. Neu lam chum khoi
nam
tren
(dirai)
do cao xao
trc)n
tai
diem
lirdi
gan nhat
thi
loan bg
ehilm
khoi dugc truyen tai vai trirang gio lap tren
(du6i).
Sir
mem mong dugc
ihe
hien ro rang trong su
lira

chgn 16p phu hgp nhat
dc5i
v6i m6i trucmg gio. Bang 1.1
irinh
bay cac
lira
chgn cho phep.
Bang
LL
Cac
lira digit trirang
gio lap
dirdi
va tren
Lira
ebon Du lieu
klii tirons
Gio trung binh theo chieu cao
Tu be mat den do cao xao
iron'"
Be mat, cao kliong
Do cao xao
Iron
den 850 mb Cao
khons
Do cao xao
Iron
den 700
mb'^*
Cao khong

Do cao xao
iron
den 500 mb Cao khong
Gio rieng le tai lung muc do
Be mat Be mat
850 mb Cao khong
700 mb Cao khong
500 mb Cao khong
Ghi
chii:'"
trucmg gio dirge ngam dinh cua
16p dir6i
*^'
tnrcmg gio dugc ngam dinh
ciia Idp
tren
Lua chgn mac dinh la
sir
dung gio trung
binh ciia
16p xao
iron
doi vai trucmg
gio
k^p
thap va gio trung
binh lir dinh
lop xao
Iron
den do cao 700 mb

(~
3000m)
cho
tarcmg
gio lop tren. Tuy nhien, neu muon,
ngirofi
su dung c6 the
lira
chgn nhung
muc khac de xac dinh trucmg gio (vi du, 16p be mat, lap 850 mb). Mo hinh c6 the
tao ra mot tnrcmg gio duy nhat
bang
vice cho trucmg gio
16p
tren va lap
dirai giang
nhau.
Gio trung binh lai
Icp
xao
Iron
dirge tinh tu so lieu do gio 2
lAn/1
ngay tu
cae
tram cao khong va so lieu be mat trucmg gio
lir
mang
lu6i
day dac hon cae tram mat

dat. Toe do gio trung
binh
theo
ti^mg
Icp va hucmg gio dugc tinh loan tu cac so lieu
cao khong dugc
sir
dung de chinh
hirang
gio mat dat theo lung gia. Quy irinh 5
biroc
theo
Draxlar
1979, dugc
sir
dung de xac dinh gio trung binh 16p xao
iron
tai m6i
diCm.
(1) Thong tin cao khong dai dien (00 hay 12 GMT) dugc
lira
chgn tren ca
sa lap on dinh cua tram be mat gan nhat ve khong gian so vai
diCm lirai
va thai gian trong ngay. Cac dieu kien on dinh, khong on dinh hay can
bang phiem
dinh-dugc
gia thiet dai dien phu hgp cho cac thai
di^m
00

va 12 GMT.
(2)
Sir
dung cac thong tin cao khong da
lira
chgn trong
birac (1)
cac thanh
phan gio
Irung
binh theo chieu cao u va v dugc
tinh
cho lop
lu
be
mai
cho den diem lu6i bang do cao xao
iron.
(3) Sau do tinh ty le
ciia iCk
do gio trung binh theo lap so vai
loe
do gio bo
mat tai tram cao khong va
sir
khac biet ve huong gio
ciia
chung.
(4) So lieu
gic)

be mat theo gia dugc
sir
dung
d^
ngi suy khong gian cac
thanh phan gio be mat
u,
(dong),
v^
(bac) tai lung diem
luoi.
Du
lien tit
tai
ca cae tram be mat trong
vising
do nguai
sir
dung xac dinh cac diem
luoi dugc
sir
dung de tinh loan
u„
v^
phi^i
hgp nhu sau:
k,vj„=^^^^-
(1.1)
z^
Trong do:

Ug,
v^:
la
ihanh
phan gio theo true x (dong) va y (bac) cua gio be mat
lai
di^m lu6i
(i,j).
u^.,
v^:
la cae thanh phan theo true x (dong) va y (bac)
ciia
gio be mat
lai tram be mat k.
r^:
la
khoang
each lir
tram be mat l6i diem
lucifi
(i,j).
a^:
he so ly Irgng
(a^
- 1- 0.5
I
sin(j),
I,
trong do
(j),

la
gck
giua huong
gio quan
irAc
dugc va ducmg noi giua tram be mat va diem
lirai)
(5) Gio trung binh
ciia
lop xao
iron
tai diem lirai dugc
tinh
bang each nhan
toe
do
sio
be mat tai diem
C) luc^i
da tinh duac irons bu6e (4) vai
li
le toe
do gio cua tram cao khong gan nhat.
Tirong
tu nhu vay
huung gic)
be mat
dugc dieu chinh bang he so hirang gio.
Cae thanh phan gio be mat
u^,

v^
trong
bircye
(4) can dugc tinh theo
limg
gia
khong phu thuge vao
lira
chgn
ciia ngirc)i sir
dung ve trudng gio dung de tinh
Iruyen
lai,
vi gio be mat cung can de tinh do on dinh khi
quydn
va cac tham so khi tugng
lung khu vue.
Gic)
trung binh theo chieu cao
lir
do cao
iron
cho tai cac
mire
850 mb, 700mb
hay 500 mb dugc tinh theo each sau.
\'ao li'ie
00 va 12 GMT tai
mOi
tram cao khong

triroc he'l
dugc ngi suy theo thai gian, va sau do
irung
binh theo lop lir diem luoi
tinh
CO
do cao bang do cao trgn den muc
phii
hap (vi du, 700 mb).
Gic^
lai cac diem (i,j)
dirc}'e
xac dinh theo cong
Ihire
(1.1) bang each lay long theo cac tram cao khong thay
vi cac tram be mat.
Chi
nhung tram cao
khc')ng
trong
viing
chgn anh hucmg
eiia
diem
lu6i da cho can dugc dua vao. Do cao xao
iron
can phai thap hon
miie
ap suai xac
dinh dinh cao

ciia
lap
dc^
neu khong
chircmg
trinh se thong bao loi va dung
ihue
hien.
Neu
m6t
trong cac trucmg gio kh6ng khi a
miic
rieng le tren (850 mb. 700mb,
500 mb) dugc
lira
chgn,
ihi
ehi du lieu gio lai muc da
lira
chgn dugc
sir
dung
de
tinh
trucmg gio. Vi du, gio 850 mb tai m6i diem
lir6i
dugc tinh bang each ngi suy theo
thdi gian gio
a
muc 850 mb tai m6i tram cao khong, va sau do ap dung cong

thiic
1.1 de lay long theo cae tram cao khong.
7.7.7.2.
\'gn
tdc ma sat be mat
Van
lo'c
ma sal be mat
u^
c6 the dugc linh thong qua cae so lieu khi tirgng
neu biet cac dac trung nham
ciia
be mat. Tru6c het, dong nhiet be mat eo the dugc
tinh thong qua danh gia dong bue xa. Sau do
u^
dugc xac dinh qua toe do gio, do
nham be mat va dong nhiet.
Dong nhiet H dugc tinh phu thuge vao gia trong ngay theo cae phuong irinh
sau
cua
Maul 1980.
H = aR + Ho (1.2)
R =
950|3sinv
(1.3)
Ho =
2.4
C-25.5
.
(1.4)

Trong do:
H: la dong nhiet
(W/m^).
HQ!
la d5ng nhiet khi khong eo bue xa
mai lr6i
(W/m^).
a:
la
hang so su dung dat
(-0.3).
R: la bue xa mat trai
(W/m^).
P:
la he so giam
bite
xa mat trai do may.
v: la goc nghieng bue xa mat
Ircfi.
C: la do due
ciia
\6p may (theo phan chuc).
Trong Bang 1.2 cho
Irirae
cac gia
iri
cua he so giam hue xa mat trai do may
(P).
Gia
iri ciia P

dugc dieu chinh theo so lieu cua Maul 1980.
Bang
L2:
He so giam
bi(c xq
mat trdi
May bao
phii
(theo phan chuc)
^
0 1.00
1 0.91
2 0.84
3 0.79
4 0.75
5 0.72
^
6 0.68
7
•
0.62
8 0.53
9 0.41
10 0.23
Sin cua goc nghieng so v6i
birc
xa mat trai sin v dirge tinh nhu sau:
sin
V == sin(t)
sinK^

+
cos,i}
cosK^
cosH^
(1.5)
H,
= (7r/12)(T-EJ
-
X
(1.6)
E^-12.+0.12357
sin(D) - 0.004289 cos(D)
+
0.153809 sin(2D) 0.060783 eos(2D) (1.7)
D
= (d-l)(360/365.242)(7r/180)
(1.8)
Kd =
sin' (0.39784989 sin
(7ra^/180))
(1.9)
G:,
^
279.9348 + D(180/7r) +
1.914827
sin(D)
- 0.079525 cos(D) + 0.019938 sin(2D) - 0.00162 cos(2D) (2.10)
Trong do:
(|): la
VI

do (theo radian).
X:
la kinh do (theo radian).
d: la ngay Julian.
T:
la gia trong ngay.
V6i each linh dong nhiet H nhu tren, trong dieu kien khong on dinh van toe
ma sat be mat
u*
c6 the linh theo phuong phap do Wang va Chen (1980) de xuat.
1 +
b^o
u*
=
u*<l
+ aln
ku„.
Qo
u.
Inl ^"'
Zms
-4Zo
Qo
=
H/pc,
Qo =
es
~3
kgz
a =

0.128
+0.005 ln(zo/z,J
zjz,,,
<0.01
1.11)
1.12)
1.13)
1.14)
1.15)
1.16)
1.17)
1980.
[0.107
Zo/z„,
>0.01
b =
1.95+32.6(zo/2j°'^
Trong do:
k: la hang so Von Karman
(•-0.4).
Cp:
la nhiet dung rieng
ciia
khong khi a ap
sual khcing
doi
(996m'/(s~.K)).
u^:
la van toe ma sat be mat.
Ujj,:

la toe do gio (m/s) do tai do cao
z^
(m).
ZQ!
la do nham be mat (m).
p:
la khoi lugng rieng
ciia
kliong khi
(kg/m^)
Trong dieu kien on dinh,
u.
dirge xac dinh theo phuong phap
eiia
N'enkatram
(1.18)
(1.19)
u*
=
c
r-
c
==
-
DN
U
„,
2
ln(z
4u

-[l
+
C
k
111
'
2
0
Zo)
C>0
^
DN"
^
111
(1.20)
10
2
YZm
U
=——
°
kA
(1.21)
Trong do
Y
va A la cac hang so c6 gia tri mac dinh
phii
hop bang 4.7 va
1100
con

CDX
la he so can.
1.1.1.3. Do cao lop xao
trgii
Trong
nhiJng gid
ban ngay,
b6c
xa mat tr6i chieu xuong mat da't tao nen dong
nhiet
duong
(di
len)
va chinh dong nhiet nay la nguyen nhan gay phat
trieJn ci'ia
16p
xao
Iron
doan nhiet. Neu biet
sir
thay doi theo
gid ci^ia
H, do cao lop xao tron
z,
lai
th6i diem
x+l
c6 the
tinh dugc
qua

z,
tai th6i diem
i
(Maul 1980).
1 2
(Zi),+1
(Ae),„
=
.y
^
2H(l + E)At 2(A9).(Z,),
2v|;,EHAt
VlPCp
W
+
(AeL,
V
(1.22)
(1.23)
y
Trong do:
vi/i!
la toe do giam nhiet do the
vi
trong lap tren
Z;.
At: la
bu6e
thai gian (3600s).
E: la hang so

( 0.15)
AG: la su gian doan nhiet do a lang
iren
cua
16p
xao
iron.
Toe do giam
\\j^
dugc xae dinh thong qua
16p
Az a tren do cao xao trgn cua
gid
Irirac.
Doi
v6i
thai gian ban ngay tinh den 23 GMT, so lieu do phat tin
budi
sang
(12 GMT) tai tram do gan nha't dugc
sir
dung de linh
\\jy.
Sau 23
GMT,
bu6i
chieu toi
(00 GMT) so lieu phat tin dirge
sir
dung. De tranh

nhirng
kho khan trong linh loan,
v|;i
khong cho phep nho hon gia tri loi thieu la 0.001
^K/m.
Trong dieu kien can bang phiem dinh, do cao
Idp
bien (do
irng
sual
trugi
-
shear produced tao nen) dugc tinh theo cong
thi're
cua
\^enkatram
1980:
Bu,
(fNe)
1 2
(1.24)
11
Trong do:
f: la tham so Coriolis.
B:
hang
s6
{jl).
Ng:
la tan so Brunt - Vaisala trong 16p bien on dinh.

Do cao xao
lr6n
ban ngay la maximum cua cac gia tri doi
luu
va ca hgc xac
dinh theo cac cong
ihurc
(1.23) va (1.24).
Trong 16p bien on dinh, v6i ca hgc quyet dinh muc do phat tan theo chieu
thang
ditng.
Venkalram (1980) da dua ra quan he cua
ihuc
nghiem sau de linh loan
z,
=Nu-y-
-
•
(1.25)
Trong do N la hang so v6i gia
Iri
mac dinh la 2400.
1,1.2. Tinh toan khuech tan trong Mesopuff
Ca sa loan hgc cua chuong trinh la mo
hinh
chum khoi
(pufQ
Gauss. Mo
hinh
chum khoi (puff) Gauss eo the dugc

coi
nhu dirge cai lien iix mo hinh
luong
khoi Gauss (plume)
d^
linh den
sir
bien d6i cac diiu kien khi hau trong mot vung
Ion.
Ca sa loan hgc
eiia
mo
hinh
luong khoi Gauss iruyen thong da dugc
nen
nhieu.
Vi
vay trong phan
du'di
day ehi nha'n manh va ehi tiet hoa vao nhung diem khac
nhau.
7.7.2.7.
Pliuang
trinh
titniech
tan
ctnim
t^twi
Gauss
Mesopuff

n
la mot mo hinh ch6ng cae chum khoi dang Gauss c6 quy dao
bien thien. Doi lugng ap dung theo thiet ke mo
hinh
la nhung
vijng cc) kich ihirac
a
quy mo khu
virc
(mesoscale). De tinh den su bien thien tnrcmg gio trong vung, mot
luong
khc5i
lien tuc dugc mo phong nhu nhieu
chiim
khoi roi rac. Dich chuyen va
khuech tan
ciia
m6i
chi^im
khoi khong phu thuge vao cac
ehiim klioi
khac. Phuong
trinh mo la phan bo Gauss doi
xiing
ngang cua mot
ehiim
khoi eo dang:
r^(s)
C(s) = -^8(s)exp
2%o^.\s)

2a^,(s)
(1.26)
12
g
(s) =
2llO.^
n=-Qo
Z
e^p
l(He+2nzJ^
2
a^(s)
(1.27)
Trong do:
C(s) - Nong do cha't o
nhiSm
lai
miJc
be mat
s
-
Khoang
each
da di dugc cua chum khoi
Q(s) -
KhO'i
lugng cha't 6
nhiSm
trong chiim khoi
ay(s)

- Do lech ca sa
ciia
phan bo Gauss theo phuong ngang
az(s)
- Do
I6ch
ca sa cua phan bo Gauss theo phuong dung
r(s) - Khoang each
t6i
lam chum khoi
Z;
- Do cao
lofp
xao
Iron
He
- Do cao hieu dung cua lam chum khoi.
Cac tham so
Oy
va
a^
trong mo
hinh
Gauss truyen thong dugc tinh nhu mot
ham phu thuge vao khoang each l6i nguon du6i dang:
a =
ax^
(1.28)
Trong do:
a,b - Cac

h6
so phu thuge
miic
do on dinh
eiia
khi quyen
«
X
- Khoang
each t6i
nguon.
Tuy nhien phuong trinh (1.28) ehi
diing
trong truang hgp do on dinh khong
thay
ddi
trong qua trinh dich chuyen
ciia
luong khoi. Trong trirang hgp cc) su thay
ddi,
mo hinh
sir diang
cong
Ihuc
sau
eiia
Ludwig:
(aj,
=a,[(x,X+5x^
(1.29)

(aJ.=aJ(x,X+5x]^^
i-X
(x.X-
Trong do
(av),.i
,
(cj^),.!
la cac gia tri tai
bircfc
thai gian
t-1
(i.30)
(1.31)
(1.32)
13
Gx
la khoang each dich chuyen giua hai
bir6c th6i
gian t -1 va
l
ay,
by,
a^,
b^
la cac hang s6'
ihuc
nghiem thay ddi theo
lap
on dinh khi
quyen.

Bang
1.3.
L6p on dinh
khi
quyen
A
B
C
D
E
F
a,,
0.36
0.25
0.19
0.13
0.096
0.063
b,
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
0.9
•
0.9
az
0.00023
0.058
0.11

0.57
0.85
0.77
b.
2.10
1.09
0.91
0.58
0.47
0.42
1.1.2.2.
Ptnrang
trinh tan truyen chum
tdioi Gauss
Cac
chiim
khoi dugc
Ian
iruyen theo ham quy dao Lagrange.
Sir
thay ddi vi tri
eiia
chum khoi trong khoang
ihdi
gian At dugc
m6
la bai phuong irinh:
t+At
x(t + At)
-

x(t) + Ax
-
ju[t';
x(t');
y(t')]lt'
t
t+At
y(t
+
At)
=
y(t)
+ Ay=
|v[t';x(tO;y(t')]lt'
(1.33)
(1.34)
Trong do
[x(l),
y(t)] va
[x(l+At),
y(n-At)]
la tam
chiJm
khoi tai cae thai
di6m i
va
t+Al
tirong tag; Ax va Ay la cac so gia
ciia
cac khoang each x va y di

chuydn ciia
ehiim khoi; u va v
la
cac
ihanh
phan van tcie
cda
gio.
Cac lich phan (1.33) va (1.34) dugc xap xi bang phuong phap ngi suy
luyen
tinh dup (bilinear) hai
birac
theo khong gian va thai gian.
Toa do
ciia
lam
chiim
khoi dugc xac dinh bang each danh gia trung
binh
vee
ta
ciia
hai so gia dich chuyen.
Hinh
1.1 minh hga gia so dich chuyen. So ra
thir
nhat
dugc xac dinh v6i gia thiet cac thanh phan gio tai [x(t), y(l)] la
kiiong
ddi trong

khoang thai gian At. Tuc la:
X,
=x(t)
+
(Ax),
(1.35)
14
y,
=y(t) +
(Ay),
(Ax),
-u[t;x(t),y(t)]At
(Ay),=v[t;x(t),y(t)]At
(1.36)
(1.37)
(1.38)
J+2
j+i
(x(t),y(t))
4f
(xi,yi)
y^
(x(t+At),
X
y(t+At))
(X2,y2)
1+1
1+2
1+3
Hintx

1.1.
Tinh
quy dao
tdm
cua
ctnim
khoi
Tuy nhien,
vi van
tdc
gio
thay
ddi
theo
ca
khong gian
va
thai gian,
nigt
so gia
ihit
hai
sir
dung
dd
linh loan
sir
dung
(Xj,
yi)

nhu
didm
bat dau
ciia
quy dao va cac
thanh phan
gio lai
thdi diem t+At
tai
didm
(Xj,
y^).
Gia
sir
gio la
khong
ddi
trong
khoang
lh5i
gian
At,
diem cuo'i
ciia
gia so nay
bang:
x^
=x,
+(Ax)3
(1.39)

y,-y,
+(Ay)3
(1.40)
(Ax),
=u[t
+
At;Xj,y,)]At
(1.41)
(Ay),
=v[t
+
At;x,,y.)]At
(1.42)
Dal Irgng
so cho hai so gia
bang nhau,
vi tri mai cua
chiim khoi [x(l+At),
y(l+At)]
la didm
giua [x(l),
y(t)] va
[X2,
y^J:
x(t
+
At)-x{t)+0.5[(Ax),
+(AX)J
(1.43)
y(t

+
At)
=
y(t)
+
0.5[(Ay),+(Ay)J
(1.44)
Cac thanh phan
van
tcic
gio u va v
dugc
xac
dinh
ehi
tai cac
diem Krai
va cac
thcVi
diem each nhau
mgl
gict.
Cac
thanh phan
gio
ciia
tam
chum khoi
lai
[ha\

diem
i
ba't
ky
thii
dugc
lir mot he ngi suy
tuyen tinh
dup sau:
15
u[t,x(t),y(l)]=ti5y25x2u[l„;
i,
jl
+
i25y28x2uK^i;
i,
j]
+
Ii5y25xiu[t^;
i+1,
j] +
t^5y25xiuK^i;
i+1,
j] (1.45)
+
Ii5y25x2u[t^;
i,
j+1]
+
l28yi5x2u[t^^,;

i,
j+1]
+
li5y,5x,u[t„;
i+1,
j+11
+
t25y,5xiuK^i;
i+1, j+1]
Trong do,
t,
=
"
^1+1
^n
v6i t <t <t , va t,
=1.0-t,
n n
+
I
1
/
tu
v^
t^+l
la cac
Ihdi
diem gan nha't v6i thai diem
I
ma tai

liic
do trirang gio
dugc xae dinh, Cae gia tri
5xi,
8x2,
Sy,,
8y2
la cac thanh phan
ciia
khoang each x, y
(theo don vi
lir6i)
tai bon diem
lir6i
xung quanh lam cua ehiim khoi. Thanh phan van
tdc
V
dugc xac dinh theo each
luong
tu.
vy
1.1.2.3. Ham lay
mdu ctiiim tdioi
Mesopuff II mo phong mot luong khoi lien tuc la mgl day cac chum
klic)i
roi
rac.
Tdng nong do cua luong khoi dugc linh bang each
la'y
tdng

eiia
tirng
chilim
khoi.
Nong do
ciia
tirng chiim khoi dugc tinh bang viee lay tich phan tren toan bg khoang
di
chuydn ciia
chiim khoi, va bu6c la'y
mSu
As
As-"'
27ra^
(sj
r^(s)
2a^.(s)
ds
(1.46)
Trong do g(s)
duo'c tinh
tir
phuong
trinh 1.27. Neu gia thiet rang s phu thuoc
theo
bir6c
lay
mSu
trong r(s) va Q(s),
tich

phan tren
duroc
viet lai nhu sau:
8(s)
C(r,s)
Ina
[QoI.+(Qn-Qo)l2]
I l-exp
'h'
—
I,
+-exp
a a
V
V
ei
f^-erf-^
2a V2a
(1.47)
(1.48)
exp
-Ib^
2 a
exp
l(a + 2b +
b)
(1.49)
16
^^(Ax^+Ay^)
(^3^^

^^[AX(X,-x,)
+
Ay(y,-y,)]
^^ ^^^
,^(x x.)^+(y yj^
(1.52)
^y
Trong do:
Qo,
Qn
la khoi lugng cha't thai (g) trong
chi^im
khoi tai thdi didm bat dau
va ket
thue ciia bu6c
lh5i gian.
^^
(Xj.,
yd
la toa
dgdiem
do (m),
(X[,
y,) la
loa
do ciia chum khoi (m) lai diem bat dau
bir6c
la'y mau.
Ax va Ay la cac so gia cua cae khoang each x va y di chuyen
ciia

chum
khoi theo
birde
la'y mau.
1.2.
Cau triic chu'cmg
trinh
Chuong trinh MESOPUFF la mot thanh phan cua bg chuong trinh
MESOPUFF n. Bg chuong trinh nay con ehua cac chuong trinh lien xu ly cac so
lieu khi tugng
(READ62,
MESOPAC) va chuong trinh xir ly cac ket qua
ndng
do du
bao (MESOFILE).
Dirdi
day trinh bay mo la
ngdn
ggn cho
tijng
chuong trinh, ehi
liel
ve each chay, dau vao va dau ra dugc trinh bay trong cac phan sau.
Chuong
trinh
READ62 dgc va xu ly cae du lieu cao khong
ihu
dugc hai
Ian
mot ngay

tir
cac tram
liJa
chgn.
READ62 trich
ra cac du heu can dung cho chuong
trinh MESOPAC
tiJ
tep du lieu dirge ghi theo khuon dang
chuan TD-6201 ciia
NCC
(Trung lam
khi
tugng qude gia Hoa ky).
READ62
quel cac du lieu khi quyen tren
cao,
kiem tra va dua ra thong bao cho nhirng dir lieu hi thieu hoac kliong day
dii.
Mgl tep du lieu cao khong dugc tao ra theo khuon dang thich hgp va c6 the' dugc
hieu chinh bai
ngudi
diing. Tep nay dugc
dicing
lam dau vao cho chuong trinh
MESOPAC
MESOPAC la chuong trinh xu ly so lieu thdi tiet, chuong trinh
tinh
loan ngi
suy theo khong gian va

ihdi
gian cho cae trudng cua cac dai lugng dac trung cho
klii
17
hau (nhu gio,
d6
cao
lr6n
v.v.). Nhung trudng sd lieu dugc
sir
dung cho
chuc:)ng
irinh
MESOPUFF de mo la cac qua trinh
Ian
iruyen va khuech
Ian.
MESOPAC dgc cac
tep du lieu khi quydn
iren
cao
ihu
dugc
tir
READ62, cac tep du lieu khi hau be mat
lai cac tram (theo
khuOn
dang chuan
CD 144 eiia
NCC) va cac tep du

lieu
v^
mua
(theo khuon dang
chudn TD9657 ciia
NCC). Mgl tep ra duy nhat
ehua
tat ca cac
trudng cua cac bien khi hau da ngi suy dugc tao ra lam dau vao cho chuong trinh
MESOPUFF.
MESOPUFF la mo hinh
chdng chi^im
khoi dang Gauss, quy dao bien thien,
dugc thiet ke de
xir
ly su bien ddi theo khong gian va thdi gian
eiia
cac qua trinh
Ian
truyen, khuech tan, phan
img
hoa hgc va phan buy trong pham vi mien quan lam.
Vdi each chong cac
chi^im
khoi, luong khoi lien tuc dugc mo hinh bang cac
chi^im
khc5i
rieng biet, m6i chum khoi chuyen dgng khong phu thuge vao cac chiim
khc5i
khac.

M6i
ehiim khoi phat Irien do qua trinh khuyech
lan,
chuyen ddi hoa hgc. mat
di do mua va lang dgng kho xudng b6 mat. Tdi da 5 cha't gay
6 nhi^m
c6 thd dugc
mo phong dong
ihdi.
MESOFILE
la
chuong trinh xu ly tep nong do thu dugc tu viee chay chuang
trinh MESOPUFF. Nhirng chuc nang hien c6 cua MESOFILE bao
gdm:
lay trung
binh nong do theo thdi gian
eiia
cae didm tinh tren
lirdi
hoac cac didm linh rieng
biet, phan tinh
ihdng
ke su khac nhau giua didm
vcti
diem hoac giua cac viing
ciia
cac trudng nong do, va cudi
ciing
la cac kha nang lay tdng va lay ty le.
1.3. Cac modun chinh

1.3.1.
Chuang trinh Read62
Chitc
nang:
Tien xu ly du
lieu
khong khi phia tren (du lieu cao khong), chuong trinh nay
dgc mgl tep du lieu cao khong, trich ra cae du lieu tai cae miie ap suai doi hoi, tao ra
tep du lieu dinh dang cho chuong trinh lien xir ly sd lieu khi tugng (MESOPAC)
Tep
du
lieu vao:
•read62.inp'
- Tep
vao'chua
cae tham sd dieu khien cho moi lan chay
18
'td6201.dai'
- Tep
dii
lieu cao
khdng
can xir ly theo khuon dang lieu chuan
TD-6201
Tep ra
'read62.1sf
- Tep ghi lai cac ket qua chung ciia lan chay
'up.dat'
-
Tep dii lieu cao

khdng
dugc xir ly va dinh dang cho chuong trinh
lien xir ly sd lieu khi tugng MESOPAC
Chi tiet cua tep dii lieu vao
read62Jnp
(khuon dang tu do)
Dong 1
IBYR,
IBDAY,
IBHR:
Nam, ngay Julian, va gid (GMT) bat dau trich du lieu
tir
tep du lieu theo
chudn
TD-6201
lEYR,
lEDAY,
lEHR:
Nam, ngay Julian, va gid (GMT) cudi cung trich du
heu lu tep dir lieu theo
chu^n
TD-6201
PSTOP: Muc ap sua't tha'p nhat ma tir do thong tin dugc trich ra
Dong 2
LHT, LTEMP, LWD, LWS: Cae bien Logical quy dinh each xir ly
voi
cae du
lieu hi thieu, tuong ung vdi do cao, nhiet do, chieu gio va van tdc gio: bo di
miie
du lieu bi thieu neu bien tirong ung vdi du lieu do la T va khong bo neu

laF.
Chi tiet cua tep du lieu cao khong theo khuon dang
TD-6210
Don^
Ihon^
tin dau cho
mdi
thdi diem do dac sd lieu cao
khons
STNID:
Ten
iram
LAT:
\T
do
ciia
tram theo do va phut, theo sau bdi
'N'
(Bac) hoac
'S'
(Nam).
LON: Kinh do
ciia
tram theo theo do va
phiit,
theo sau
bcVi
"E'
(Dong)
hoac

'W
(Tay).
YEAR, MONTH, DAY, HOUR: Nam, thang, ngay, gid
Ihuc
hien quan
irae
NUMLE\':
Sd cac nhom lap ma no bieu thi sd muc du lieu co trong quan
trac cao khong.
Du lieu cho limg
miie
ap sual
QIND
Ky hieu kiem tra do chinh xac
ciia
muc do
19
Ghi
chii:
y
nghia ci!ia
cac ky
hi6u
kiem tra
d6
chinh xac cua viee do ddi vdi
cac dir lieu theo
ehu^n
TDF6021 dugc quy dinh nhu sau:
0 Cac gia tri gdc la chinh xac

1 Cac gia
Iri
gdc bi thieu
2 Cac gia
Iri
gdc la kh6ng
chae
chan, mgl muc da hieu chinh theo sau
3 Cac gia
iri
gdc la khong chae chan, khong hieu chinh
4 Cac gia tri gdc cd l6i, mot
mire
da hieu ehinh theo sau
5 Cac gia tri gdc cd l6i, khong hieu
chinh
6
Miic
da hieu chinh
9
Miie
khong kiem
Ira
A-Z Thay ddi nhieu lan
irong
cac nam
ETIME
Thdi gian trdi qua ke tir
liie iha
bong tham khong (kliong sir

dung trong chuong irinh nay)
PRES ap sual khi quydn tai
miie
do hien tai (Milibar)
HGT Do cao theo dia hinh (Mel)
TEMP Nhiet do khong khi d
mu'c
do hien lai (Do Celsius tinh le den
mot phan mudi)
RH Do am tirong ddi d muc do hien tai (7c)
WD Hudng gid d muc do hien lai
(Mel/giay)
TIMEF,
PRESF,
HGTF,
TEMPF, RHF,
WINF
Cac ky hieu kiem
ira
do chinh xac cho cae dai lugng do luong
ung
TYPELV Ky hieu dang
ciia
muc do hien tai (khong sir dung trong chuong
trinh nay)
1.3.2. Chuang trinh Mesopac
Chicc
nang:
MESOPAC la chuong trinh lien
xii ly

khi hau, chuong trinh nay thue hien
linh loan cac trudng ngi suy theo khong gian va thdi gian
ciia
cae bien khi hau.
Nhung du lieu khi hau dau vao bao gdm: cac tep du lieu cao khong dirge tao ra bdi
20
chuong trinh READ62, cac du lieu quan trac khi hau be mat
li^rng
gid va du lieu mua
lijng
gid
MESOPAC
xiJ
ly du
li6u
khi hau cho tdi da 25 tram quan trac be mat va 10
tram quan trac du lieu cao khong. Du lieu mua
timg
gid khong bat huge phai
c6.
Tep
dO:
lieu vao:
'pac.inp'
-
T6p
vao
chu*a
cae tham sd dieu khien cho
mdi

lan chay
'upl.dal' 'upl0.dat'
- Tep du lieu cao khong
eiia
mdi tram da dugc xir ly
bang chuong trinh
READ62.
'cdl.dat' 'cd25.dat'
-Tep du lieu khi lugng be mat cua mdi tram
'preeip.dat'
- Tep du lieu mua cho cac tram
Tep ra
'pac.lsl'
- Tep ghi lai cac ket qua chung
ciia
lan chay
'pacout.dat'
- Tep binary
chira
du lieu khi hau da xir ly va ngi suy cho cac
6
lirdi,
si^r
dung cho chuong trinh MESOPUFF.
Chi tiet
cila
tep du lieu vao pac.inp
Nhdm I - Tieu de (1 ddng)
TITLE(20): Tieu de khong qua 80 ky tu
Nhdm 2 - Cac thong tin chung (1 ddng)

NYR: Nam chay (2 chu sd)
IDYSTR:
Ngay Julian bat dau
IHRMAX: So gid chay.
NSSTA: Sd tram quan trac du lieu khi hau be mat
NUSTA: Sd
iram
quan trac du lieu cao khong
IBTZ:
Mien thdi quan quy chieu
Nhdm 3: Du
lieu
ve lirdi tinh
IMAX
Sd diem
luai
theo chieu X (tay-dong)
JMAX So diem
ludi
theo chieu Y (nam-bac)
21
DGRID
Budc ludi
Nhdm 3: Nhung
lira
chgn cho
viee
dua
kel
qua ra

LSAVE
Ne'u
LSAVE=T,
trudng khi hau ra dugc ghi ra tep,
ngiigc lai
neu
LSAE=F,
trudng khi hau se khong dugc ghi ra.
LPRINT
Bien dieu khien viee in ra may in, neu
LPRINT-T,
trudng
khi hau ra dugc in ra
'IPRINF'
gid mgl lan. Neu LPRINT=F,
trudng khi hau ra khong dugc in ra.
IPRINF Khoang thdi gian (theo gid) cho mdi lan in trudng khi hau.
Chi
sir dung neu
LPRINF^T
(IPRINF>1)
LBD Bien dieu khien viee in trudng khi hau vao va cae tham sd
tinh loan trung gian. Neu LBD=T, cac du lieu se dugc in cho
nhung
Ihdi
diem ehi ra bdi
NDYI,
NHRl,
NDY2 va NHR2.
Neu LBD=F, du lieu se khong dugc in (Vi thong tin nay

thirdng
la khong can thiet cho cae budc linh sau, nen
LBD=F
ddi vdi phan
Ion
cae ap dung)
NDYI
Ngay Julian bat dau viee in du lieu khi hau vao va cac tham
sd tinh loan trung gian. Chi sir dung neu LBD=T.
NHRl Gid (00-23) bat dau viee in du lieu khi hau vao va cac tham
sd linh loan Irung gian. Chi sir dung neu LBD=T.
NDY2 Ngay
Juhan
ket thue viee in du lieu khi hau vao va cac tham
sd tinh toan trung gian. Chi sir dung neu
LBD=T.
NHR2 Gid (00-23) ket
thiie viee
in du lieu khi hau vao va cae tham
sd tinh loan trung gian.
Qii
sir dung neu
LBD=T.
Nhdm 5: Ky hieu sd phan loai da't be mat cho mdi diem ludi.
'JMAX'
ddno.
mdi ddng cd IMAX ky hieu sd cho loai dat (tuong
irng
vdi toa do X tir
L

tdi IMAX).
Ddng dau tien
chiia
cac gia tri cho
Y^JMAX,
ddng thir hai cho
Y=JMAX-1,
v.v.:
ILANU(40,
40) Ky hieu sd loai dat sir dung cho mdi didm ludi.
22
Nhom 6: Nhung lua chgn cho
viee ihay
ddi cae gia
iri
ngam dinh
lOPTS(l)
Bien dieu khien do cao do van tdc gid. Neu bang 1. ngudi
sij
dung phai dua vao do cao do van tdc gid be mat (tai
nhdm 7). Ne'u bang 0, gia tri ngam dinh 10m dugc
sir
dung
I0PTS(2) Bien dieu khien hang sd Von Karman. Neu IOPTS(2)=l,
ngudi sir dung phai dua vao cac gia tri cua hang sd von
Karman (tai nhdm 8). Neu IOPTS(2)=0, gia
tri
ngam dinh
bang 0.4 dugc su dung.
10PTS(3) Bie'n dieu khien viee dua vao cac hang sd van tdc ma sat

y
va A. Ne'u
I0PTS(3)=1,
ngudi su dung phai dua vao cac gia
tri dd (lai nhdm 9). Neu
10PTS(3)=0,
cac gia tri ngam dinh
y=0.47
va A=l 100 dirge sir dung.
I0PTS(4) Bie'n dieu khidn viee dua vao cac hang sd do cao trgn (B,
E.
Az,
dQIdz^^,
N). Neu
I0PTS(4)=1,
ngudi sir dung phai dua
vao cac gia tri hang sd dd (tai nhdm 10). Neu
IOPTS(4)=0,
cae gia
iri
ngam dinh sau dugc
siJ
dung:
B=1.4L
E-0.15,
Az=200m,
50/az^,=:O.OOlO'^K/m,
N=2400.
I0PTS(5) Bien dieu khien viee dua vao cac bie'n ngi suy
trucmg

gio
RADIUS,
ILWF,
lUWF
(lai nhdm 11). Ne'u I0PTS(5)=L
ngudi sir
diing
phai dua vao cac gia tri
ciia
cac bie'n dd. Neu
IOPTS(5)=0, cac gia tri ngam dinh sau dugc sir dung:
RADIUS-99,
ILWF=2,
IUWF=4.
I0PTS(6) Bie'n dieu khidn cho cac do dai dac trung rap be mat. Ne'u
I0PTS(6)=1,
ngudi sir dung phai dua vao cac do dai dac
trung rap be mat tai mdi didm ludi (lai nhdm 12). Neu
IOPTS(6)=0, cac do dai dac trung rap be mat
duc}e
xac dinh
tuane irns
vdi loai be mat tai diem ludi dd.
I0PTS(7)
Lira
chgn each danh gia ddng nhiet sir dung
dil
lieu cao
khong. Phan chgn nay dugc thiet ke cho tirong lai. Trong
phien ban hien tai I0PTS(7) phai bang

khc')ng.
23
IOPTS(8) Bien dieu khien viee vao cac he sd thu nhd hue xa do may
bao phu. Ne'u
10PTS(8)=1,
ngudi
sir
dung phai dua vao
II
he sd luong ung vdi cac
mitc
do che
phii
mat trdi lir 1 den
10 phan mudi (lai nhdm 13). Ne'u 10PTS(8)=0, cac he sd
ngam dinh sau dugc sir dung: 1.00, 0.91, 0.84, 0.79, 0.75,
0.72, 0.68, 0.62, 0.53, 0.41, 0.23
I0PTS(9) Bie'n dieu khien
viee
vao cac hang sd tinh ddng nhiet tai mdi
diem ludi. Ne'u
I0PTS(9)=1,
ngudi sir dung phai dua vao
cac gia tri
RADC
cho mdi diem ludi (lai nhdm 14). Nguge
lai ne'u
IOPTS(9)=l,
gia tri ngam dinh
RADC=0.3

dugc sir
dung
lOPTS(IO)
Lua chgn de chay
tir
mot thdi diem khac vdi thdi didm bat
dau
ciia
du lieu khi ban be mat va du lieu cao kliong.
lOPTS(lO)
phai bang 1 ne'u ngay bat dau chay md hinh
khong trung vdi ngay bat dau cua cac du lieu khi hau,
nguge lai,
lOPTS(lO)
phai cd gia tri bang 0.
Tir
nhdm 7 de'n nhdm 14: Khai bao cac gia tri bien tuong
ling
neu bien dieu
khien
lOPTS
tuong ung vdi nd cd gia tri bang 1.
Nhdm 15: Du lieu ve cac tram be mat. 'NSSTA' ddng, mdi ddng luong ung
vdi mot tram:
IDCD
Chi sd tram be mat cho du lieu
CD 144
(5 chu sd)
XSCOOR Toa do X cua tram (theo don vi ludi)
YSCOOR Toa do Y

ciia
tram (theo don vi ludi)
SLAT VT do
eiia
tram (do thap phan)
SLONG Kinh do
eiia
tram (do thap phan)
SZONE Mien thdi gian
eiia
tram
(5=EST,
6=CST,
7=MST,
8=PST)
ISUNIT So hieu tep du lieu
CD 144
trong chuong trinh
IDPRCP
Chi sd tram du lieu
TD9657
(6 chu sd)