Phát huy giá trị truyền thống trong thời kỳ công nghiệp, hiện đại hoá ở Tỉnh Nghệ An

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DAI HOC
QUOC GIA
HA
NOI
TRirdNG
DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI
VA
NHAN VAN
NGUYEN
KHAC
HAI
PHAT HUY GIA
TRITRUYEN
THONG TRONG
•
THOfl
KY CONG NGHIEP HOA,
HIEN
DAI HGA
a TINH
NGHE AN
Chuyen
ngdnh.
CNDVBC va CNDVLS
Mdso.
5.01.02.
LUAN VAN THAC SY
KHOA
HOC

TRIET
HOC
NGUCil
HU8NG
DAN
KHOA HOC:
TIEN SY
NGUYEN
HAM
(JIA
f>AI
HOC
Q.liOC
GIA HA NOI !
TRONGTAMTHiJNGTIN.THUVpi
HA NOI, 2000
BAIN« CHI? VIliT
TAT
CHLTVIETTAT
GS.
NXB.
PGS.
TS.
CHQVIETDAYBU
Giao
su
Nha
XLiat
ban
Pho

giao su
Tien
sy
• •
Trang
Ldl
MO DAU 1
ChUOng
1. GIA TRI TRUYEN
THONCx
CUA DAN
TOC
VIET NAM 6
1.1. Gia tri
truy^n
thong dan toe:
khai
niem va ca so
hinh
ihanh.
6
1.2. Mot so gia tri
truydn
thong
ciia
dan toe Viet Nam.
1K
Chuong
2.
(;IA

TRI TRUYEN
THONCi
DAN TOC TRONG QUA
TRINH
LICH Sir 6
NGHE AN 26
2.1 Vai net ve qua
trinh hinh
thanh va phat trien cua tinh Nghe An. 26
2.2.
S^c
thai van hoa Nghe An trong qua
trinh lich
su. 33
2.2.1.
Su dong gop cua Nghe An trong qua trinh hinh thanh nhCmg
gia tri truyen thong dan toe. 33
2.2.2. Bieu hien
ciia
nhung gia tri truyen thong dan
toe
trong
qua trinh lich su
a
Nghe An, 38
2.2.3.
NhCmg
net doe dao trong
sde
thai van hoa Nghe An. 49

Chuong 3. NGHE AN
vOl
NHUNG GIA TRI TRUYEN
THONCJ
DAN TOC
TRONG
THdl
KY CONG N(iHIEP HOA, HIEN DAI HOA 58
3.1.
Xu
huang
van dong cua nhung gia tri
truy6n
thong trong
thai ky cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa .
58
3.2. Mot so giai phap nham phat buy gia tri
truyen
thong trong
thai ky eong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa a tinh Nghe An. 69
KET LUAN 77
PHU LUC 1 78
PHU LUC 2 79
TAI
LIEU
THAM
KHAO
80
(Van bia
dtn

tha than Apolon - Denphi - HyLap)
Vdm.
fwu
la
m art idn
r////y
r/y^
eo/yf.
^.at^sL
(J. Derida- Nha
tiie't
hoc phuang Tay hien dai)
f^
M(]f
hi\\]
1.
TINH CAP
THIET
CUA DE TAI:
Nhan
loai
dang gia
tir
the ky XX,
chu^n
bi buac sang thien nien ky
mdi
vai nhieu van de nay sinh ma khong mot quoc gia nao c6 the dan phuang giai
quyet.
Do

la nhung bien doi mang tinh toan cau tren tat ca cac
linh vyc ciia
dofi
song xa hoi, tao thanh mot xu the van dong tat yen
ciia
lich su the giai
duong dai- xu
the
toan cau hoa. "Qua trinh toan
cfiu
hoa la xu the khong the
dao
nguoc
va
ngudi
ta chi
c6
the tim each
thich
nghi vai xu the nay ehu khong
nen tim each chong
lai
no "
[79J.
Qua trinh nay da va dang tao ra ca hoi cho
su phat trien cua tat ea cac
nu'oc
tren the giai, nhat la cac
nuoc
dang phat

trien; nhung eung dat ra khong
it nhiSng
thach
thiic
m6i,
dae biet la trong
"viee
giu gin va phat buy ban
s^e
van hoa cua moi dan toe" [25,41], eung nhu bao
ve va phat buy
nhijng
gia tri
truydn
thong dan
toe.
Nu6e
ta khong va
kliong the
nam ngoai xu the' van dong va phat trien
ciia
nhan
loai.
Dae biet,
klii
chung ta da gia nhap APEC, tien tai tham gia
WTO va may nam nua se ci\ng cac nuac ASEAN tien hanh xoa bo hang rao
thuc quan.
Mat khac, eung nhu cac quoc gia
khae

tren the giai, nhung gia tri
truyen thong cua dan toe Viet Nam "thong nhat trong da dang" qua
s^c
thai
van hoa
ciia
cac dia phuang khac nhau. Do vay, de giu
gin
va phat buy nhung
gia tri truyen thong
ciia
dan
toe
thi
kliong
the khong quan tam
diing muc
tai
s4c
thai van hoa
ciia tiing
dia phuang.
Nghe An la
viing
dat phuang Nam xa xoi cua quoc gia Van Lang, Au
Lac
Iruac
day, da hoa chung van menh
vdi
dat nuac ngay

tia'
ngay lap quoc, la
noi "dia linh nhan kiet". Nghe An
Idiong
chi la dia phuang bieu hien sau sac
nhung gia tri
truydn
thong dan toe, ma quan trong han no con la mot trong
nhung dia danh tao hip nen cac gia tri truyen thong ay. Day con la nai c6
nhieu net van hoa dae
s4c,
khong lap lai a bat
cu*
dia phuang nao khac.
Nhung gia tri truyen thong da eo vi tri nhat dinh doi vai su phat trien
kinh te - xa hoi a Nghe An trong qua
trinh
lich
sii.
Trong thai ky eong nghiep
hoa, hien dai hoa hien nay,
nhiJng
gia tri truyen thong tiep tuc duac khai
thae va phat buy.
Tuy
nhien, chung se van dong theo cac xu huang khac nhau,
can
phai eo
nhGng
dinh huang khoa hoc va giai phap thiet thuc, trong do viee

han che nhung tieu cue do ehinh truyen thong tao ra la mot cong viee kliong
the xem thuang .
Vi vay, nghien
cuti
van de gia tri truyen thong trong qua trinh lich sU va
xu huang van dong cua no trong thai ky cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa a tinh
Nghe An, theo
chiing
toi la mot viee lam c6 y
nghla
ve
ly
luan va thuc tien .
2.
TINH HINH NGHIEN
CUU
DE
TAI:
Gia tri
truydn
thong la mot van de rong
Ian,
phiie
tap, thu hut su
nghien euu
ciia
nhieu nganh khoa hoc xa hoi va nhan van. Vai tu each la khoa
hoc nghien euu ve nhung quy
luat
chung nhat

ciia
the giai va vi tri
ciia
con
nguai trong the
gi6i
do, triet hoc giai quyet van de nay dual
goe
do xem xet
ciia
minh. Lien quan den de tai nay da c6 mot so eong trinh nghien
ciixi
khai
thae
a
cac
khi'a
canh sau:
Thinihdt
: Gia tri
truy6n
thong .
Ngoai cac cong trinh nghien
ciru
cua GS.
TrSn
Van Giau, GS. VS.
Hoang Trinh, GS. Nguyen Hong Phong , cac cong trinh nghien
ciili
tap the

do GS. Phan Buy Le va TS. Vu Minh Giang ( ehu bien ), PGS. Ho Sy Vinh
(chii
bien)
duge
cong bo truac nam 1998; tia' sau Hoi thao khoa hoc quoc te
tai Ha Noi, ngay 02
-^
03- 01- 1998 vai
ehu
de : " Truyen thong, Gia tri va
Phat
min\
tren tap
chi
Triet hoc da dang mot so bai viet cua GS. TS.
NguyenTrong
Chuiin,
PGS. TS.
Nguydn
Van Huyen,TS. Dang Hfru Toan
Tliithai
: Dia - van hoa.
Trong
ITnh
vuc nay phai ke den cac cong trinh nghien
ciJu
cua PGS.
Ngo Due Thinh
(ehu
bien), GS. Dinh Gia Khanh va Cu Huy Can (ehu bien),

GS.
Tr^n
Quoc Vugng va nhom nghien
cii'u
de tai khoa hoc cap Nha nuac
KX
06- 02: " Sac thai van hoa dia phuang va
toe
nguai trong chien luge phat
trien dat nuac
".
Tint
ha : Sac thai van boa Nghe An.
Day la
linh
vuc nghien
ciixi
chuyen sau, cue ky
phiic
tap. Nhieu cong
trinh nghien
euu
da dugc cong bo, ehu yeu la v6 lich su, dia ly cua tap the va
ca nhan nhu : Ban nghien euu lich su Nghe -Tinh,
GS.NguyIn D6ng
Chi (ehu
bien),
Tran Thanh Tam
Cac cong trinh nghien
euu

tren day da tao
dilu
kien thuan
Igi
cho chung
toi trong qua trinh thuc hien de tai.
Song, viee tim hieu van de
'^Plidt
huy gut tri truyen thong trong thdi ky
cong nghiep
hod,
hien dai hod d
tinh
Nghe
An"
thi ehua c6 mot cong trinh
nghien
ciili
nao khai thae, nhat la dual goe do triet hoc.
3.
MUC
DICH
VA
NHIEM
VU NGHIEN CUU :
- Muc dich nghien
euu
:
Luan van buac dau tim hieu gia tri truyen thong dan toe qua
sAc

thai
van hoa cua mot dia phuang cu the : Nghe An, xu the van dong
ciia
no trong
thai ky cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, tii' do dua ra mot so khuyen nghj
nh^m
phat huy
nhiing
truyen thong tot dep trong cong cuoc xay dung va phat trien a
tinh
Nghe An hien nay.
- Nhiem vu nghien
citu
:
De'
thuc hien muc
dich
tren luan van tap trung giai quyet cac van
d6
:
-
Tim
hieu tinh thong nhat va da dang trong khong gian
ciia
nhung gia
tri truyen thong dan tgc a mot dia phuang cu the : Nghe An.
-
Nghien
eiiu
xu huang van dong cua cac gia tri

truydn
thong trong thai
ky cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa a tinh Nghe An.
- Neu ra mot so van de
nh^m
giam thieu nhung mat ban che, phat huy
vai
tro tich cue
cua gia tri truyen thong trong qua trinh phat trien kinh te- xa
hoi a tinh Nghe An.
4.
DPI
TUONG
VA PHAM VI NGHIEN
CUU:
-
Doi
tugng
nghien
cdu
:
Gia tri truyen thong cua dan toe Viet Nam.
- Pham vi nghien
cdu
:
Mot so gia tri
truydn
thong dan tgc ca ban, tieu bieu, bieu hien ro net
tren dia ban tinh Nghe An.
5.

CO SO LY LUAN VA
PHUONG
PHAP NGHIEN
ClTU
:
- Ca sd ly luan :
Luan van dua tren nhiing quan diem ca ban ciia Chu nghla Mac - Lenin
va tu tuang Ho Chi Minh, cac quan diem
ciia
Dang Cong san Viet Nam ve
van
di
con nguai, van hoa, phat trien kinh
te
- xa hoi.
- Phuang phdp nghien
citu
:
Luan van su dung phuang phap luan bien
chimg
duy vat va cac phuang
phap nghien euu cua Triet hoc Mac- Lenin, dae biet la cac phuang phap:
thong nhat giu'a lich
su"
va logic, he thong- cau
triic,
quy nap va dien dich, bien
chiing giu'a cai chung, cai rieng va cai dan nhat
6. CAI
MOil

VA GIA TRI CUA LUAN VAN:
- Cdi mdi cua luan van :
+
Phan
tich
va lam ro dugc
s^e
thai van hoa Nghe An the hien qua
nhung dong gop trong qua trinh tao lap vahinh thanh gia tri truyen thong ciia
dan tgc va nhung net van hoa dae sac cua no.
+ Du bao xu huang van dong
ciia
nhi5ng gia tri truyen thong trong qua
trinh eong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa
a
tinh Nghe An.
-I-
Neu ra mot so giai phap giam thieu
nhiJng
ban che mang
tfnh
"ta"
khuynh trong truyen thong cua nguai
xii"
Nghe, phat huy nhung gia tri tich cue
nhiim
phat trien kinh
te-xa
hoi
6 tinh

Nghe An trong giai doan hien nay.
-
Gid tri cua luan van :
Luan van c6 the diing lam tai lieu tham kbao ,nghien
ciiu
khi de cap
den cac van de c6 lien quan, dae biet la doi vai cac cap
lanh
dao, quan ly cua
tinh Nghe An trong qua trinh hoach dinh va thuc thi ehinh sach phat trien kinh
te-
xa hoi
a
dia phuang.
7. KET CAU CUA LUAN VAN :
Ngoai phan ma
dAu,
ket luan, danh muc tai lieu tham khao; noi dung
cua luan van dugc chia lam 3 chuong vai 6 tiet.
Chuang
L
Gia tri
truydn
thong
eiia
dan tgc Viet Nam.
Chuang 2. Gia tri truyen thong cua dan tgc trong qua trinh lich
sir a
Nghe An.
Chuang 3, Nghe An

vdi
nhung gia tri
truydn
thong dan tgc trong thai
ky cong nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa.
GIA TRI TRUYEN THONG CUA DAN TOC VIET NAM
Sac thai van hoa dia phuang la mot trong
nhu'ng
van
d6
nam trong hang
loat
cac van de lien quan
deii
van boa dan tgc, Muon nghien
ciiu,
khai thae
sde
thai van hoa dia phuang mot each c6 hieu qua, thi khong
th6 lang
tranh viee
giai
quyet
nhCfng
van de chung- nhung van de ly luan lien quan. Neu khong
giai quyet nhung van
d6
ly luan chung, se khong tranh khoi sa vao tinh trang
mo
mSm,

chii
quan, sieu hinh. V. 1. Lenin da tiing canh bao: "
Ngir(yi
nao hat
tay vao
nlntng vein
de rieng
tritdc
khi giai quyet
nhilng
van de chung thi ke do,
tren mdi
bitdc
di, se khong sao trdnh khoi "vdp ngci "
nlntng vcm
de chung do
mot
each
khong
tif
gidc.
Md
mil
c/udng vdp phai nhu'ng van de do trong
titng
truVni^
hop rieng, thi cd nghla
Id dita ehinh
sdch
ciia

minh den cho c6
si(dao
dong toi te nhd't vd mat han tinh nguyen
tdc
" [ 49,437 J.
Do vay, de c6
ti6n dd
ly luan vung chac thuc hien muc dich nghien euu
cua de tai, truac het phai lam ro mot so van de: gia tri, truyen thong, gia tri
truyen thong , ca sa hinh thanh va noi dung ehu yeu cua mot so gia tri
truyen thong eo ban cua dan tgc Viet Nam .
l.L
GlA
TRI TRUYEN THONG
DAN
TOC :
KHAI
NIEM vA CO SO
HINHTHANH.
l.LL
Khdi niem gid tri truyen thong ddn toe:
Giai tu nhien
luon luon
van dong va bien doi khong ngung. Trong qua
trinh do da san sinh ra con nguai. Nhung con nguai khong phai la san pham
thuan tuy
ciia
lich su, ma quan trgng hon no con la
chii
the dich thue

ciia
mgi qua trinh xa hoi. De ton tai va phat trien, con nguai kliong
ngirng
tac
dong, kham pha va ehinh phuc giai tu nhien,
phue
vu cho nhu
cSu
ngay cang
tang
ciia
minh.Tu khi xuat hien cho den nay va con mai mai sau nay, con
nguai da, dang va se thay doi bg mat
the
gi6i.
Nhung thanh
tiai
do con nguai (ca nhan, cong dong) sang tao ra, dap
ung nhu
cfiu ciia
hg va dam bao su phat trien cua xa hoi dugc ket tinh thanh
nhung gid tri.
Gia tri cua mot su vat, hien tugng mang tinh
kliach
quan,
n^m
trong ban
than su vat, hien tugng. Nhung, neu su ton tai
ciia
no la su ton tai ben ngoai

hay ben canh con nguai, thi no khong eo gia tri. C.Mac da
tirng
phe phan ban
che cua cac nha duy vat sieu hinh:
''Khuyet
diem chu yeu
tit tritcrc
cho den nay
cua moi chu
nghJa
duy vat (ke cd
chii
nghla duy
vcit ciia Phoicrbdc) Id sif
vat
hien
tuong,
cdi cd the cam gidc
ditc/c,
chi dicoc
nhan thuc
ditdi
hinh
thdc
khdch the hay hinh
thi'tc trifc
cpian,
chir
khong
ditc/c

nhan
thirc Id hoqt
dong
cam gidc
ciia
con
ngitcri.
Id thi/c
tien, khong
ditqc
nhan
thdc
ve mat
chii
quan."
[53,250|. Gia tri cua mot sU vat, hien tugng khong phai ton tai tu no, ma no
dugc dat trong moi quan he nguai nhat dinh. Trong gia tri, khach the khong
ton tai doc lap tuyet doi vai con nguai- chu the, ma la ket qua cua moi quan he
khong tach rai
giiJa:
kliaeh
the va ehu the.
Nhu vay, gia tri khong phai la mot thuc
the
tu than. No la san pham cua
moi quan he nguai chang chit: chu the- khach the, ca nhan- cong dong, qua
khii
- hien tai- tuang lai Chu nghla Mac coi gia tri la nhung hien tugng xa
hoi dae thu, la mot so bieu hien cua cac quan he xa hoi va cua mat tieu chuan
danh gia trong y

thii'c
xa hoi. Trong boat dong thuc tien, gia tri
ciia
mot
sir
vat
hien tugng dugc xac dinh bai
sia'
danh gia cua con nguai. Su danh gia do
khong nam ngoai quy luat cua su van dong c6 huang trong the giai, phuc vu
ngay cang tot ban nhu cau
ciia
ehinh con nguai.
Di6u
do
c^t
nghla phan nao
quan diem
ciia
mot so nha nghien
ciiu
khi tiep can van de gia tri thuang xuat
8
phat tu goe do
Igi
ich va tien bg xa
hgi.
PGS. Truang Luu da
xir
ly linh boat va

trinh bay ngan ggn moi quan he nay: "Mgi gia tri
d6u
the hien moi quan he
giQa ngudi
vdi vat; chi khi nao su vat kliach quan c6 ich vai con nguai thi mai
ggi la gia tri"
[51,32J.
Theo huang tiep can nay, GS. Nguyen Tai Thu da cho
ring: "Noi den gia tri la noi den cai c6 ich, c6
Igi
cho nhan dan, cho dan tgc,
cho
sir
phat trien cua xa hgi, noi den nhiing gi eo the thoa man dugc nhu cau
va
Igi
ich cua con nguai trong lich
sii*"
[86,136|.
Nhu vay, vai each tiep can tren, khi noi den gia tri
tiic
la chi
d6
cap den
mat tich
cue,
mat ehinh dien, coi gia tri gan
litn
vai cai dung, cai tot, cai hay,
cai dep.

Nhung mat
kliac,
vai tinh each la cai c6 ich, cai c6 y nghla, cai can thiet
cho
chii
the (ca nhan, cong dong), gia tri khong phai la mot hien tugng nhat
thanh bat bien. Gia tri cua mot su vat hien tugng kliong chi phu
thuge
vao chu
the,
quan he cua no, ma con c6 the thay doi theo thai gian va pham vi. Nhu
vay, trong chuoi van dong ciia minh khong phai
luc
nao,
a
dau su vat hien
tugng
eung
c6 gia tri, ma no chi thuc su c6 gia tri trong nhung giai ban nhat
dinh. Tren thuc te kliong phai mgi cai da c6 gia tri trong qua
kliii
deu giu
nguyen gia tri doi vai hien tai. Dieu do c6
nghia,
gid
tri
khong
chi
mang tinh
xd hoi md con mang tinh lich sd.

Su phan biet nay se
giiip
cho chiing ta c6 dugc mot cai
nliin
khach quan,
bien chiing, tranh dugc sU tuy tien,
chii
quan khi xem xet cac gia tri,
di
phong
ca bai khuynh huang da tiing xay ra, hoac la coi mgi gia tri nhu la cai da dugc
hinh thanh va ton tai
vlnh
vien, hoac la coi mgi gia tri chi dugc hinh thanh va
phat huy tac dung trong mot thai gian va pham vi ban hep. Cho nen, ve mat
triet hgc, gid tri khong phai
Id
mot hien tuang bat bien trong lich sU, md no
mang trong minh cdi md con nguai can phai vuat qua, tudc bo vd cdi md con
nguai can phai
kethii'a
khai thdc.
Trong lich
sii'
tu tuang nhan loai, da c6
nhi6u
each phan loai gia tri. Dua
vao muc dich phuc vu cho nhu cau con nguai, nguai ta chia thanh gia tri vat
chat va gia tri tinh than. Nhung gi thoa man nhu cau
eugc

song sinh
ihi
cho
con nguai, ggi la gia tri vat chat. Gia tri vat chat the hien ro net trong dai song
kinh te. gan bo
true
tiep vai ton tai xa hgi, quyet dinh su ton tai cua xa hgi loai
nguai, quan he chat che vai cac
linh
vuc trong dai song tinh than
ciia
xa hgi.
Nhiing gi dam bao cho doi song tinh than cua con nguai ggi la gia tri tinh
than. Gia tri tinh than thuc chat la nhiing pham chat
dae
biet ve tri tue (tri
thong minh,
6c
sang tao, nang luc tu duy ); ve tinh cam (tinh yeu thuang,
long cam
thii,
nang luc cam thu ), ve y chi (tinh can
cii,
long can dam,
diic
by
sinh ).v.v Nhung
ph^m
chat do an sau vao dai song tinh
than,

ihi hien
thanh phong tuc, tap quan,
loi
song, y
thiic,
tu tuang chiing
Ira
thanh cac
chuan muc de phan biet
diing
sai, xau dep trong quan he giao tiep, sinh boat,
lao
dong, chien dau eung nhu trong cac quan he ton giao, phap quyen, dao
due,
thalm
my. Chiing thang hoa thanh nhung ly tuang trong cac
linh
vuc
ciia
dai song xa hgi. Cac pham chat tinh tuy
ciia
gia tri
ciing
dan dan c6
diic
nen
nang
luc
y chi va ban
linh

con nguai, hinh thanh nhung phuang huang va
phuang phap hanh dong cua con nguai, nhu la cong cu thuc hien
nhiJng
ly
tuang cua minh.
Dua vao y nghla cua gia tri, nguai ta chia thanh: gia tri khoa hgc, gia tri
dao
diic,
gia tri nghe thuat, danh dau su phat trien vi gia tri chan, thien, my
ciia
dai song con nguai.
Dua vao cau true
ciia
gia tri, c6 the chia thanh gia tri ca nhan va gia
trj
xa hgi. Nhung gi c6 ich, c6 y nghla doi vai
titng
ca nhan thi ggi la gia tri ca
nhan. Nhung gi can thiet, dam bao su tien bg xa hgi thi ggi la gia tri xa hgi.
Gia tri xa hgi dugc phan thanh nhieu nac thang: nhan loai, dan tgc- quoc gia,
dia phuang
10
Dua vao thai gian va pham vi tac dong, nguai ta chia thanh gia tri nhat
thdi va gia tri ben
viing.
Gia tri nhat thai la gia tri dugc hinh thanh va ton tai
trong mot khoang thai gian
ng^n,
c6 pham vi anh huang han hep. Gia tri ben
vung la nhiing gia tri da dugc hinh thanh trong qua trinh lich su

deii
nay
vSn
con ton tai va anh huang tren mot pham vi rgng
Ion.
Nhung gia tri ben vung
dugc tich
luy
lai, luu truyen trong khong gian va thai gian. Nhiing gia tri nhu
vay dugc ggi la gia tri
truy6n
thong.
Theo
ti^r
dien cua A.Derhodes, bien soan nam
1651,
tu tradition trong
tieiig
Phap xuat phat tu goe tieng latin: traditio, dugc dich sang tieng Viet c6
nghla la "noi dai truyen
lai".
Ngay nay, dich la truyen thong.
Theo
chQ
Han:
truy6n
c6 nghla la chuyen giao, thong c6 nghla la noi
tiep.
Truyen thong la
nbirng

gi dugc truyen
ti^r
dai nay sang
dcfi
khac, Theo GS.
Phan Huy Le: "Truyen thong la tap hop nhiing tu tuang va tinh cam, nhiing
thoi qucn trong
lu
duy, loi song, ling xu
ciia
mot cong dong nhat dinh, dugc
hinh thanh trong lich
sir
va da tra nen on dinh, dugc
lun
truyen tii' the he nay
sang the he khac" [47,
031.
Nhu vay, c6 the noi
ring
truyen thong Id tdt cd nhUng gi
duc/c
hinh
thdnh trong
qiid
khu,
duac luu truyen
tit
the he ndy qua the he khdc. No nhu
Id

mot ca
che
mem de'o
vita
tich luy,
vi(a
truyen dat nhung kinh nghiem da
duac tich luy,
dUc/c diic
ket cho cdc the he noi tiep nhau
ciia
mot cong dong.
Trong tieiig Phap, truyen thong dugc phan thanh hai loai: bonne
tradition
(truydn
thong tich cue, truyen thong tot dep ) va mauvaise tradition
(iruyen thoiig
tieu
cue,
truyen thong xau )
Thoiig
nhai vai
each
phan chia nay, GS. Tran Van Giau cho ring:
"Truyen thong la nhung
diic
tinh hay thoi tuc keo dai qua nhieu the he, nhieu
thai ky lich su va hien c6 tac dung, tac dung do c6 the la tich
cue,
c6 the la

tieu cue" [31, 50].
11
Duoi
mot goe do khac, GS.
Nguyin
Trgng
Chuin
da quan niem ring:
"Trong truyen thoiig khong
chi
toan la mat tich cue ma con c6 the c6 kliong ft
nhuiig
net tieu cue, neu xet theo quan diem lich su - cu the"
[17J.
Truyen thong cua mot cong dong nguai duge hinh thanh, phat trien,
bien doi theo tien trinh lich su va tat nhien khong phai la ban than lich su.
Truyen thong cua mot cong d6ng kliong phai la cai eo
sSn,
tien thien, trai
phii,
eung khong phai la san pham thuan tuy chu quan
ciia
con nguai, ma no dugc
hinh
ihanh
phat trien trong qua trinh lich su. No la san pham
ciia
su thong nhat
giOa
dieu kien khach quan va

chii
quan, chiu su chi phoi
ciia
moi truang tu
nhien, dieu kien dia ly, hoan canh lich
sii
va xa hgi. Do do, truyen thong mang
cac dae trung: cong dong, on dinh, luu
truydn.
Dl
nhien, nhung dae trung tren
day
CO
y nghla tuang doi. Bai vi, khi dieu kien hinh thanh
truy6n
thong da
thay doi, truyen thong do
vSn
dugc bao ton va luu truyen theo thai gian, nhung
dan dan se phai bien doi cho phu hgp vai moi truang mai, hoac dugc thay the
bing truyen thong mai. Nhu vay, a mot thai
dieiii
nhat dinh cua lich su,
truydn
thong bao gom mat tich cue,
thiic
day sU phat trien cua xa hgi va mat
tieu
cue,
phan anh su lac hau, bao

thii
cua nhiing thoi quen, tap tuc Dieu do
doi hoi chung ta phai
chii
dong phat huy nhiing gia tri
ciia truyin
thong va
khac phuc nhung han che, nhung phan tac dung cua
truy6n
thoiig doi vai su
phat trien xa hgi.
Do do, viee van dung truyen thong vao su phat trien dai nuac la su
thong nhai bien chiing cua ca hai phuang dien, phuang dien tiep tue truyen
thoiig va phuang dien vugt qua truyen thong.
Nhu vay, truyen thong vdi tu
each Id
tdng hap nhung tu tuang, tinh
cdm,
phong tuc, tap
qiidn,
loi song
ciia
mot cong dong nguai, hinh thdnh
trong qud trinh lich
sii\
tuang doi dn dinh,
duc/c
truyen
td
dai ndy sang dai

12
khdc,
bcu)
hdm cd mat tich
cue
vd mat tieu
cue,
hinh thdnh nen nhung truyen
thong tdt dep vd truyen thong tieu
cUc,
Truy6n
thoiig toi dep cua mot cong d6ng eung dugc hinh thanh trong
qua trinh lich
sii",
gan lien vai cac gia tri chan, thien, my,
phd
hgp vai ehuin
muc
ciia
dai
soiig
xa hgi, thiic day
sir
phat trien, thoi thiic con nguai hanh
dong va
nb
luc vuan
t6i,
eo ket thanh nhiing phim chai
cao

dep.
Nhiing
truy6n
thong toi dep do ehinh la
nhQng
gid tri truyen thong cua
mot cong d6ng, dugc
giii
gin va phat huy trong mgi qua trinh lich
sir.
Hay noi
each khac, khi de cap den gid tri truyen thong Id chi noi den
nhung
truyen
thong tdt dep
ciia
mot cong dong, khong tinh den nhung truyen thong tieu cue.
GS.
Tran Van Giau quan niem: "Chi c6 cai toi ma thoi, bai vi chi c6
nhung cai gi toi
diu
dugc ggi la gia tri; tham chi, khong phai mgi cai gi toi
diu
dugc ggi la gia tri, ma phai la nhiing cai toi pho bien, ca ban, c6 nhieu tac
dung tich cue cho dao
dii'c,
luan ly, c6 ea tac dung
huong
din su nhan dinh va
huang din

sir
hanh dong, thi mai duge mang danh la gia tri truyen thong"
[31,50].
GS.
Phan Huy Le da khang dinh: "Khi noi den gia tri truyen thong la da
ham y tuyen ehgn va phan biet, chi noi den nhung truyen thoiig toi
dep"|47,04|.
GS.
Nguyen Trgng Chuan cho rang: "Khi noi
deii
gia tri
truydn
thoiig
thi ham y da
muoii
noi tai nhung gia tri tuong doi on dinh, tai nhung gi toi
dep,
la tich cue, la tieu bieu cho ban sac van hoa dan tgc c6 kha nang truyen
lai qua khong gian va thdi gian"
[17J.
Noi mot each ngin ggn, gid tri truyen thong
ciia
mot
ccmg
dong ngudi
ehinh Id
truyen thong tdt dep
ciia
cong dong ngudi do. No Id nhiing gid tri dn
13

dinh,
t()t
dep, cd the luu truyen qua khong gian vd thai gian, nhung gi can
duac giu gin vd phdt huy, phdt trien cho phu hap vdi xd
hgi
hien tai.
Gia tri truyen thong dan tgc la su tdng hoa tat ca cac mang gia tri
truyen thong ve tam ly, y thiic, van boa, dao
diic,
tham my cua tai ca cac ca
nhan. cac dan tgc (tgc nguai), cac dia phuang. Gia tri
truyen
thong dan tgc la
su kei tinh toan bg tinh hoa dan tgc: uac ma, ly tuang, trinh do nang luc, y chi,
ban
linh,
phong
each
tu duy, phuang phap hanh dong thuc hien muc dich
cao ea cua cac cong dong.
Vdi vi tri va cau
triic
nhu vay, gia tri truyen thong dan toe
ehiia
dung
ti6m
nang va ben vung, la
siic
manh von cd
ciia

moi dan tgc ton tai va phat
trien. Nd cd phin on dinh, dong thdi cd phan bien dong do sU bo sung,
chuyen hoa ngay cang phong
phii
va
pbii
hgp vdi yeu cau cua thdi dai. Nd
viia
la cai
giu"
the ben vung, dong thdi la cai chi dao tu tudng va hanh dong, eung
cd va
phcit irien
y chi va ban
linh
dan tgc. Vdi
siie
manh noi sinh dd kei hgp
vdi
viee
tiep thu cac gia tri tii' ben ngoai, gia tri truyen thong dan tgc se la ca
sd vung chic cho su van dong
ciia
xa hgi, cho sU phat trien
ciia
dai nude.
Nhiing gia tri truyen thong cua mot dan tgc duge eo
diic,
thir
thach va

tai tao qua
nhi6u
the he ke tiep nhau theo nhiing
birdc
thang tram cua lich
sii,
trong
sir
giao luu, tiep
xiie
vdi nen van hoa cua cac dan tgc khac. Gia tri truyen
thong dan tgc nhu la su
riit
ggn lich
sir
va la su c6
dae
van boa cua moi dan
tgc.
Vi vay, cd the ndi ring gia tri truyen thong dan tgc la cai the hien ban
chai, dae trung nhai cot loi van boa dan tgc. "Hay cd
the
ndi, gia tri truyen
thong dan tgc gan nhu trung hgp vdi ban sic dan tgc"
142].
Theo nghla dd,
nhung
gici
tri truyen thoiig eung ehinh la nhiing gia tri van hoa truyen thong
ciia

dan tgc. 0
mgi
gdc do khac,
neii
quan niem ban sic dan tgc la toan bg tam
hon, khi phach sau xa nhai
ciia
dan tgc, nai hgi
tii
cac pham chai dae sic cua
van hoa cong dong, la cot loi ben trong nhu la cai can
cirdc ciia
mot dan tgc,
14
thi gia tri
truy6n
thoiig dan tgc la nhung khia canh, nhung net doc dao the hien
ban sic dan tgc. Hay ndi each khac, gia tri truyen thoiig dan tgc la
nhiTng
thanh to cau thanh ban sic dan tgc.
Gia tri
truy6n
thong dan tgc bieu hien qua nhung tu tudng, van boa, dao
diic,
tham my va nd dugc trai rgng ra trong mgi
linh
vuc
ciia
ddi song xa hgi.
Nd tiem in trong kinh te, ehinh tri, trong cac sin

phini
vat chai va tinh than,
nd kei dgng trong con ngudi va loi song, nd an sau trong kho tang van hoa dan
gian vat the va phi vat
Xhi.
Trong mdi quan he nay gia tri van hoa
truydn
thong
chi la mot trong nhiing gia tri
truydn
thong ciia dan tgc.
Gia tri
truydn
thong cua dan tgc khong phai la qua tang cua thugng de,
ma nd dugc nay sinh tren manh dai hien thuc.
/J.2.
Ca sd hinh thdnh nhiing gid tri truyen thong ddn toe:
Gia tri
truyen
thong cua dan tgc Viet Nam duge hinh thanh va phat trien
qua hang nghin nam lao dgng sang tao, dau tranh kien cudng, la san pham cua
sir
kei hgp nhuan nhuyen cua nhan to khach quan va nhan to chu quan.
Viet Nam la mot quoc gia nim giiia Dong Nam A (luc dia - hai dao), "la
nga tu du'dng cua cac
cir
dan va
ciia
cac
n6n

van minh", an ngu con dudng
bien tu Thai Binh Duong qua An Do Duong. Vdi vi tri diu eiu md vao Dong
Nam A tii' hudng An Do va Trung Quoc la mot dau
miit
tan ciing cua cac
tuyen giao thuang quoc te dudng bg tii Bie xudng, tii' Tay
qua.Sii
rao chan bdi
cac day
niii
bien gidi, da tao cho Viet Nam trong lich
sii*
mot kha nang "kep"
ve vi the van boa - xa hgi. Kha nang md neu nhu tan dung duge yeu to bien.
Nguge
lai, thi se trd thanh "de dao" khep kin. Tren thuc te nude ta da giao
dgng tren mot bien do ddng - md. Dia the Viet Nam tiep ndi giiia ba
viing:
mien
niii,
dong bing, bd bien, theo cac
tridn
song
chay
theo hudng Tay Bic-
Dong Nam, ddng thdi d the "dien hai bdi son" (mat trong ra bien, lung tua vao
15
niii),
tao nen hanh lang Bie- Nam tuang ddi hep. Cac vec-ta van boa Viet
trong qua trinh lich sir da phat trien theo hai phuang dd, tao nen nhiing xu the

tu nhien vuan ra
hlin
va
tieii
xudng
phia
Nam.
Dia hinh Viet Nam trai dai (khoang 15
vl
do),
niii
rung chiem 2/3 dien
tich, cd nhieu day
niii
an sau ra bien, song ngdi nhieu va phan bd deu khip,
tao nen su chia cit tu nhien thanh nhieu khu vuc, nhieu vung,
nhi^u
dia
phuang
kliac
nhau. Nude ta nim trong viing khi hau nhiet ddi gid
miia,
ndng
am mua
nhidu
da
tirng
ton tai mot tham thuc vat tuang ddi rgng
Idn,
tao

di6u
kien cho mot nen nong nghiep nguyen thuy
tir
rat sdm, din den nin ndng
nghiep
liia
nude. Day la nai hgi tu
ciia
cac nen van hoa: van hoa thao mgc va
van hoa song nude, ma dau an dam net
ciia
nd da dugc
lUu giCr
trong cac
linh
vuc boat dgng vat chai
cQng
nhu tinh than
ciia
cac cu dan d day.
Trong bdi canh Dong Nam A, Viet Nam la mot trong nhung
chiee
noi
ciia
loai ngudi. Cach day khoang 40 - 50 van nam va den bay gid, khi hau
nhiet ddi ndng im d day thich hgp vdi
su*
sinh song
ciia
con ngudi. Vdi nhiing

vei tich cdn lai, chiing ta biei duge ngudi vugn (Homo erectus) da cd mat d
nhi6u
vung tir Bie xudng Nam. Giai doan tien sir dugc ke tiep nhau qua cac
thdi ky: van hoa
niii
Dg, van boa San Vi (each day 2-
1,5
van nam), van boa
Hoa Binh (each day 1,2 van nam den 7 nghin nam).
Cach day khoang bdn nghin nam, tren lanh
tlio
Viet Nam ngay nay da
eung
ton tai ba trung tam van hoa
Idn,
tuang ling vdi ba quoc gia cd dai. Van
hoa Ddng Son (bao
gdiii
ca thdi ky tien Dong Son,
tii'
deo Ngang trd ra) la cdi
loi
cua ngudi
Viet
cd, hinh thanh quoc gia Van Lang- Au Lac, sau 10 the ky
phu thuge, da phuc hung va phat trien thanh nen van boa Dai Viet. Van hoa Sa
Huynh (ca giai doan
ti6n
Sa Huynh, tir deo Ngang
deii

Ddng Nai) cdi nguon
ciia
ngudi Cham va vuong quoc Cham pa. Van boa Sa Huynh cd mdi giao luu
thudng true vdi van hoa Dai Viet va tir the ky XV da hoa nhap,
tieh
hgp vao
16
van boa Dai Viet. Van hoa Ddng Nai (ca giai doan ddng va sit) la mot trong
nhu'ng nai hinh thanh van boa Oc- eo cua eu dan thuge
nhdni
Ma Lai- Da Dao
sinh song vao nhung the ky sau Cong nguyen d viing Ddng va Tay Nam Bg.
Trong the ky XVIII, mot phan
ciia
quoc gia Chan Lap da boa nhap vao cong
dong van hoa Dai Viet.
Sinh ra va
Idn len
tren mot manh dat nhu vay, con ngudi va xa hgi Viet
Nam
wi
mat
ngudn
gdc, chiing tgc eung nhu ve mat thiei che xa hgi, von
khong la thuan nhat, don nguyen. Nhin mot each dai the, cu dan Viet Nam
duge cau thanh tir hai thanh phan thuge hai dai chiing: Australoid (da mau
sini
- d phia Nam) va Mongoloid (da vang - d phia Bie) dugc hon chimg qua
nhi6u
thien nhien ky. Trong qua

trinh
lich sir, yeu to ban dia tiep tuc dugc bo
sung bing nhiing yeu to mdi qua giao luu Nam - Bae. Dieu dd din den su*
phiic
tap, da dang trong ddi song vat chai eung nhu ddi song tinh than cua
con ngudi d day.
V^
mat xa hgi, la
sir
dan xen cua hai xu hudng, xu hudng tap
quyen chuyen
che ciia
nha nude quan
chii
va xu hudng eong ddng tu* tri, tU
quan.
Di^u
dd duge phan anh tren binh dien van boa la su cong ton va can
bing giua hai ddng van hoa, van boa bae hgc ehinh thoiig va van hoa dan gian
phi ehinh thong. Ngudi Viet eung nhu dan cu
ciia
cac tgc ngudi khac
ciia
nude ta tir
lau,
theo tin ngudng da than. Hg quan niem eon ngudi chei
rdi,
linh bdn vin ton tai dau dd. Cu dan d day rat me tin, nhung khong cue doan;
bat
cii

cai gi
eQng
cho la linh thieng, nhung khong sung bai qua
niiie.
Tlid
eung nhiing ngudi than da khuat va nhung ngudi cd cong vdi nude, vdi lang xa
da trd thanh phong tuc, hinh thanh nen nhiing
li
hgi truyen thong. Ve mat lich
sir, Viet Nam
la
mot quoc gia nhd hep luon luon d the ddi dien vdi
mgi
nude
Idn,
dd la Trung Hoa vdi mot
siic
cp va nhung mdi giao
lu'u
thudng true. Do
vay, ngudi Viet song song vdi vice tap hgp thanh khdi dai doan kei, dau tranh
ehdng giac ngoai xam, chdng ddng hoa, la viee md mang lanh tho, tang them
17
siic
manh
ciia
minh. Cd the ndi ring: "Lich sir Viet Nam la lich sir dau tranh
chdng xam luge phuang Bie, md rgng bd cdi vi phuang Nam "
(87,42J.
Dong thdi vdi qua trinh dd, tren

ndn
tang ca tang van hoa Ddng Nam A,
nude ta da khong
ngiing
giao luu va tiep
bieii
vdi van boa cac dan tgc khac.
Trong dd, su giao luu, tiep bien giua van boa Viet Nam va van boa Trung Hoa
la su giao luu, tiep
bieii
duge dien ra trong mot thdi gian dai. Qua trinh dd
dlin
ra tren ca hai trang thai, giao
luu
cudng hue va giao luu tu nguyen. Giao
iuLi
van hoa cudng
biic
xiy ra vao nhu'ng giai doan lich sir ma ngudi Viet bi dd
hg bi xam luge, tir the ky I den the ky X va tir nam 1407
deii
nam 1427. Giao
luu van hoa tu nguyen dugc dien ra thudng xuyen thong qua trao doi, thong
thuong giua hai nude lang gieng,
Khac vdi quan he giiia Viet Nam vdi Trung Hoa,quan he giiia Viet Nam
va An Do, mac
dii
khdng cd dudng bien gidi true tiep, nhung van boa lai cd
sir
anh hudng sau dam. Su giao luu va tiep bien qua cac thdi ky lich sir va tirng

viing dat, tirng dia phuang cd khac nhau. Nhung eo ban la su giao luu, tiep
bieii mot each tu nhien, tu nguyen.
Sir
giao luu
ciia
nude ta vdi phuang Tay khong phai chi bit diu
tii'
khi
thuc dan Phap xam luge. Lin giao luu, tiep
bicii
nay eung dugc dien ra tren ei
hai trang thai: cudng
biie
va tu nguyen. Kei qua la van hoa Viet Nam trong
giai doan nay cd
sir
thay doi dien mao tren nhieu phuang dien, nhung vin giii
vung dirge nhiing truyen thong tdt dep
ciia
dan tgc.
Chinh nhung
di6u
kien tu nhien, xa hgi va lich sir tren day da bun
diic
nen nhung gia tri truyen thong cho dan tgc Viet Nam.
j
OAI H " ^
O.'JOC
GIA
HA NOI

|
I
V-'U/oU5
18
1.2. MOT SO
GlA
TRI TRUYEN THONG CUA DAN TOC VIET NAM.
Nhung gia tri
truyen
thoiig
ciia
dan tgc Viet Nam dugc binh thanh
trong sudi hang nghin nam lich sir dung nude va giir nude, trong sU giao
luu
va tiep thu nhung tinh hoa
ciia
cac nen van boa khac.
Ciing nhu bat
cii'
mot dan tgc nao khac, dan tgc ta mudn sinh tdn thi
phai lien tue ehinh phuc va cai tao thien nhien. Dd la mot qua trinh lao dgng
vai va, kien tri, gian kho va anh dung ehdng
lii
lut,
han ban, bao tap. Thien tai
la ke thu nguy
hiim
nhat va la thir thach dau tien trong eugc song cua nhan
dan ta. Ciing vdi thien tai, nan ngoai xam luon de doa
sir

ton vong cua dan
tgc.
Til' khi dung nude cho tdi nay, dan tgc ta da lien tiep duong diu vdi giac
ngoai xam. Dich hoa la mdi de doa thudng xuyen va nguy hiem nhai ddi vdi
dan tgc. Cugc dau tranh lau dai de tdn tai va phat trien, vugt qua ehdng gai,
hoan nan do thien tai, dich hoa la trudng hgc lich
sii'
ren
luycn
bin
linh
dan
tgc , bun
diic
nen gia tri
truy6n
thong
ciia
dan tgc. Hay ndi each khac: "Lao
dgng va chien dau luon luon la hai banh xe
ciia
lich sir, gin bd khang kbit vdi
nhau, bao dam cho su sinh ton va phat trien cua mdi dan tgc. Do nhiing
di6u
kien lich sir - cu the
ciia
minh, hai nhan to dd da hinh thanh nen nhiing
truy6n
thong lau dai va tdt dep cua dan tgc ta" [86,25].
Trong sd nhung gia tri vd ciing quy gia

ciia
dan tgc, thi " Yeu nude la
gia tri cao nhat trong he thoiig gia tri
truyen
thong
ciia
dan tgc Viet Nam"
13
1,24].
Yeu nude la tu tudng va tinh cam pho quit
ciia
nhan dan mgi quoc
gia-dan
tgc tren the gidi. Nhung d Viet Nam nd da trd thanh chu nghla yeu
nude.
"Chii
nghla yeu nude la sin pham
ciia
bin than lich sir Viet Nam dugc
bit diu tu* tinh cam tu nhien
ciia
mdi ngudi ddi vdi que huang minh tien len
thanh tu tudng va he thong tu tudng lam ehu su nhan thiic diing sai, tdt xau,
nen chang va chi dao rat
nhi6u
phuang luge xay dung va bao ve nude nha"
[32,7].
Chii
nghla yeu nude Viet Nam la sin pham tinh than cao quy
ciia

19
dan tgc Viet Nam, la tu tudng va tinh cam thieng [ieng giu vi tri chuin muc
cao nhai
ciia
dao ly va diing diu bae thang gia tri
truydn tlidng
dan toe.
Chii
nghla yeu nude Viet Nam xuat phat tir hai dae diem lich sir noi
bat:
thii
nhai nude ta xuat hien tir
lai
sdm, ngay tir thdi thugng cd;
thii'
hai
trong may nghin nam
giir
nude, chiing ta da phai
tieii
hanh khoing 20 eugc
khang
chieii
bao ve To
qude
ciing vdi hang tram eugc khdi nghla, giai phdng
dan toe, ma thdi gian cong lai tren 12 the ky.
Yeu nude la gia tri
truy6n
thong hang dau, chu dao, "La sgi chi dd

xuyen qua toan bd lich sir Viet Nam tir
c6
dai den hien dai Yeu nude thanh
mot triei ly xa hgi va nhan sinh cua ngudi Viet Nam va neu dung tir " dao"
vdi nguyen nghla cua nd la "dudng", la hudng di, thi
chii
nghla yeu nude dich
thuc la dao Viet Nam"
[31,101].
O day, ban chai Viet Nam duge bieu hien rd
rang, diy
dii
tap trung nhat cac mdi quan he giu'a con ngudi vdi tu nhien, giu'a
ca nhan vdi ca nhan va giu'a ca nhan vdi xa hgi. Dd la
Idng
thiei tha yeu lang
xdiii,
que huong, dat nude, kinh yeu to tien va cac the he ddng bao tir bao ddi
tao lap va giu gin tirng manh dat thieng
lieng ciia
To qude.
Cd
the
ndi rang, lich sir dan tgc ta
tii'
khi dung nude cho den nay la lich
sir dan tgc chdng ngoai xam. Cho nen, yeu nudc
trude
hei tap trung d tinh than
chdng giac ngoai xam "Nhat dinh khdng chiu mai nude, kliong chiu lam nd

le",
thuc hien chan ly "Khdng cd gi quy ban doc lap, tu do".
Chii
nghla yeu nudc bit ngudn va phat trien tir thdi vua Himg
dii'ng
nude,
the' hien trong tinh thin
ciia
Hai Ba TrUng "Den ng nude, tra thu nha",
y chi quat cudng
ciia
Ba Trieu" khdng chiu khom lung lam ty thiep cho
ngudi", d y chi giai phdng dan tgc cua nhan dan ta sudi nghin nam Bie thuge.
Chii
nghla yeu nude Viet Nam duge nhan len gap bdi, sau
klii
Ngo
Quydn
chien thing quan Nam Han tren song Bach Ding, md ra thdi ky mdi trong lich
sir dan tgc, dugc khing dinh trong bai tha
"Tliin"
ciia
Ly Thudng Kiet, trong
20
"Binh Ngo dai cao"
ciia
Nguyen Trai, d
Idng
tu tdn dan tgc cao ca
ciia

ngudi
anh
hiing
ao vii Nguyen Hue, trong tinh than bat khuai, kien cudng cua bao
the
he
ciia
ngudi dan Viet Nam gin mot
the
ky danh dudi thuc dan Phap. Dae
biet,
chii
nghla yeu nude truyen thdng trong
the
ky XX, dudi su lanh dao
ciia
Dang Cong sin Viet Nam tien hanh each mang dan toe dan
chii
nhan dan
dugc phat trien mdi vi chat, dd la chu nghla yeu nudc xa hgi
chii
nghla.
Chii
nghla yeu nude Viet Nam cdn dugc bieu hien d su quy trgng nen
van hoa dan tgc eung nhu sac thai van boa
ciia
cac dia phuang,
ciia
cac dan
tgc (tgc ngudi) trong nude.

Chii
nghla yeu nude -
siic
manh tinh than, nguyen khi
ciia
dan tgc,
khdng nhiing da dua dan tgc ta chien thing trong cac eugc chien tranh ma eon
gianh thang
Igi
trude am muu ddng boa cua ke
thii
trong sudi nghin nam dd hg
va nhieu
Ian
hgi nhap qude te; giii gin bin sic dan tgc va khdng ngirng lam
giau cd them kho tang gia tri
truy6n
thdng
ciia
dan tgc minh.
Trong
edng
eugc doi mdi,
siic
manh cua ehu nghla yeu nude dang la
dgng luc tinh than ndi sinh tao nen quyei tam, y chi, nghi
lire
va tri tue de dua
nude ta nhanh ehdng vugt qua ngheo nan, lac hau, tien kip van minh
ciia

thdi
dai.
Nd cdn la nhan td eo ban
ciia
ban
linh
dan tgc, bio dim giu* gin va phat
huy nhung truyen thdng tdt dep trong qua trinh giao luu va hgi nhap qude te.
Tinh than yeu nude la miu sd chung
ciia
mgi ngudi Viet Nam, thuge
mgi tang
Idp
xa hgi, dan tgc (tgc ngudi), tdn giao, dia phuang; la ca sd viing
chic de tap hgp mgi luc
lugng
xa hgi thanh
klidi
dai doan kei dan tgc, dap
ling
mgi yeu cau lich sir dat ra.
Dan toe ta la mot edng ddng nhd sinh ca lap nghiep ben canh cac cong
ddng
Idn,
nguy eo bi thdn tinh
ve
lanh tho, ddng boa
ve
van hoa la thudng
true.

De ton tai, phat
trieii
va
iheo
quy luat cd xam
Ian
thi se cd ehdng xam
Ian,
cu dan d day da gin bd vdi nhau thanh mot khdi
thdnc
nhai mot each tu
21
nguyen va binh ding. Mat khac, dat nude ta giau tai nguyen thien nhien
nhung eung
lim
cam go thu thach, de dga
su*
sinh tdn
eiia
con ngudi. Nhung
tai hga tir ben ngoai hoac
tii'
thien nhien den da thit chat con ngudi d day
thanh mot khdi,
liie
dau la de tu ve, din din xay dung thanh nhiing cong ddng
ndng thdn, edng xa ndng thdn. Dd la hinh thiic td
chii'c
lang xa dae biet, mdi
lang xa la mot vu tru rieng biet, doe lap tuong ddi va tu

tiic ve
mgi mat, la don
vi ea ban ve kinh te, xa hgi, van boa, hanh ehinh, an ninh. Cac the luc tir ben
ngoai it cd dieu kien vdi tdi edng xa, ma phai thudng thdng qua nhiing ngudi
cai quan sd tai. Lanh thd dinh cU
ciia
cac edng xa dn dinh. Bd rao
tie
dia gidi,
gieiig
nudc, nha thd, dinh
lang nhu
mot giang son, nhu mot xa hgi thu nhd.
Su chdng chgi vdi nhung tham boa
eiia
thien nhien va eon ngUdi dua lai khdng
the la edng viee
ciia
mot ngudi, mot
iihdm
ngudi, ma la
ciia
ea lang, ea viing
phii gdp edng gdp
ciia
ciing nhau chdng lai. Cac lang xa gin nhau,
cimg
lam
mot edng viee da nay sinh nhiing mdi quan he, vugt ra khdi
kliudn

kho
eiia
xdm lang.
Tmh
cam gia dinh, than tgc, lang xdm, que huang, dai nude da
tao nen mdi quan he edng ddng ben chat
ciia
dan tgc ta.
Sir
tdn tai cua mdi ca nhan phu thuge vao su tdn tai
ciia
edng ddng va
nguge lai, da dan dan hinh thanh
nen
truyen thdng doan
ket,
tinh eong ddng
gin bd ca nhan - gia dinh - lang -nude, diing nhu nhan xet
eiia
cd
Thii
tudng
Pham Van Ddng: " Tinh edng ddng gdm 3 cai true gia dinh (nha) - lang va
nudc;
xu the nhan van hudng
ve
con ngudi va edng ddng eon ngudi, tim thay
d con ngudi nhiing tiem luc
ciia
nhiing

diic
tinh biei bao tdi dep" [28,19]. He
thdng cau triic nha- lang- nude khdng nhiing la mot ea che bio tdn va phat
trien tinh thin doan kei, tinh edng ddng chat che, ma cdn la ca sd hinh thanh,
luu giir va nudi dudng cac gia tri truyen thdng cua edng ddng.
Nhu vay, qua trinh cai tao chinh phuc thien nhien, chdng lai dich hoa va
nguy CO ddng hoa vi su* tdn vong
ciia
dan tgc, vi doe lap tu do
ciia
To qude