Quyền sống của thai nhi và vấn đề hoàn thiện khuôn khổ pháp luật Việt Nam về phá thai


KHOA LUẬT






LỖ THỊ THU HÀ





QUYÒN SèNG CñA THAI NHI Vµ VÊN §Ò HOµN THIÖN
KHU¤N KHæ PH¸P LUËT VIÖT NAM VÒ PH¸ THAI


Chuyên ngành: Pháp luật về Quyền Con Ngƣời
Mã số: Chuyên ngành đào tạo thí điểm




LUẬN VĂN THẠC SĨ LUẬT HỌC

Cn b hướng dẫn khoa học: GS. TSKH. ĐÀO TRÍ ÚC






HÀ NỘI - 2014


LỜI CAM ĐOAN

           

    



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


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MỤC LỤC

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




MƠ
̉
ĐÂ
̀
U 1
Chƣơng 1: QUYỀN SỐNG CỦA THAI NHI - KHÍA CẠNH THUỘC
NỘI HÀM QUYỀN SỐNG CỦA CON NGƢỜI 8
1.1. Khái qua
́
t vê
̀
Quyê
̀
n sô
́
ng cu
̉
a thai nhi 8
1.1.1.  8
1.1.2.  10
1.2. Các khía cạnh liên quan đến nội dung quyền sống của thai nhi 12
1.2.1.  12
1.2.2. 

 16

Tiểu kết Chƣơng 1 53
Chƣơng 2: THỰC TRẠNG CỦA HIÊ
̣
N TƢỢNG NẠO PHÁ THAI
VÀ CỦA CÁC BIỆN PHÁP BẢO VỆ QUYỀN SỐNG CỦA
THAI NHI Ở VIỆT NAM 55
2.1. Nội dung cơ bản về nạo phá thai 55
2.1.1. , 







 55
2.1.2.  55
2.2. Thực trạng của hiện tƣợng nạo phá thai 58
2.2.1.  58
2.2.2.  64
2.3. Các giải pháp thực tế đang đƣợc sử dụng để bảo vệ quyền
của thai nhi ơ
̉
Viê
̣
t Nam. Những hạn chế còn tồn đọng 67
2.3.1.    
 67
2.3.2.  80
2.4. Phƣơng hƣớng, giải pháp đối với vấn đề quyền sống của thai

nhi và nạo phá thai ở Việt nam 82
2.4.1.  82
2.4.2.  83
Tiểu kết Chƣơng 2 89
KÊ
́
T LUÂ
̣
N 90
DANH MỤC TA
̀
I LIÊ
̣
U THAM KHA
̉
O 91


DANH MU
̣
C CHƢ
̃
VIÊ
́
T TĂ
́
T

ACHR





 - American Convention
on Human Rights
ADN
Acid Deoxyribo Nucleic - 



BPTT







CAC




















CEDAW




 











CPPCG


















CRC

CGFED




, 







 



ICCPR













ICDP




















NPT

SAVY











 .
SKSS







TNQTNQ


TTYT

UD

UNFPA

VTN,TN

WHO






 - World Health Organization

DANH MỤC CÁC BẢNG

Số hiệu bảng
Tên bảng
Trang


17

 

45




47
2.1:


59


-
60
2.3:


63


1
MƠ
̉
ĐÂ
̀
U

1. Lý do chọn đề tài
   
11
-9-1990 (CRC): Trong phạm vi của Công ước này, trẻ em có
nghĩa là mọi người dưới 18 tuổi, trừ trường hợp luật pháp áp dụng với trẻ em
đó qui định tuổi thành niên sớm hơn.[7]

“Ghi nhớ rằng, như đã chỉ ra trong
Tuyên ngôn về Quyền trẻ em, “do còn non nớt về thể chất và trí tuệ, trẻ em
cần được bảo vệ và chăm sóc đặc biệt, kể cả sự bảo vệ thích hợp về mặt pháp
lý trước cũng như sau khi ra đời”.[7]
 : 
 , 









 
           



  



        








2
               
  
 
Thư
́
nhất




Thư
́
hai. 

l -


Thư
́
ba. 
 


 
 . , 
 , 


 ,

hay n

 .       



                


3
“Quyền sống của thai nhi và
vâ
́
n đê
̀
hoàn thiện khuôn khổ php luật Việt Nam về ph thai” 


 
 
 .  , 
 , ,  
, 
, 

 

2. Tình hình nghiên cứu đề tài



 
 
Tu


 y - 

   
               



 khi 

 


4

- - 
-  
Trung; 
-  




-                

 Jacques Lacourt.
- 

-            he
Insufficient Answer of the European Court of Human Rights in the Judgment
Vo v. France 
- - 
under Human Rights and Comparative Law 
- -A guide to the implementation of Article 2 of



 , 















, 
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

5




3. Mục đích, phạm vi nghiên cứu của luận văn
3.1. Mục đích
 
 : 
?. 






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.
3.2. Phạm vi nghiên cứu
             

- ,  , 
, thai nhi, 
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
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



.
-  
.
- , , 

 

- 


 ; 






 uy

- 


6
4. Cơ sở phƣơng pháp luận và phƣơng pháp nghiên cứu
-         
Mac-






 

              
             

 
, 




.
5. Những nét mới của luận văn


-  
                
? T
- 

               

- 

7




6. Kết quả nghiên cứu và ý nghĩa của luận văn




         






7. Kết cấu của luận văn
N

: - 

: 



55  




8
Chương 1
QUYỀN SỐNG CỦA THAI NHI - KHÍA CẠNH THUỘC NỘI HÀM
QUYỀN SỐNG CỦA CON NGƢỜI

1.1. Khái qua
́
t vê
̀
Quyê
̀
n sô
́
ng cu
̉
a thai nhi
1.1.1. Khi niệm Quyền sống của con người
             
          

Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person - Mọi
người đều có quyền sống tự do và an toàn cá nhân[8 



 

Mọi người đều có quyền cố hữu là được sống. “Quyền này phải được pháp
luật bảo vệ. Không ai có thể bị tước mạng sống một cách tùy tiện[9




 


.[3]
 


9
 



 
.[3]
 





PR.[3]
  








.[3]
 





10


 

             


.[3]


với nhiều vấn đề trải dài theo
chu trình sống của một con người, từ khi còn ở giai đoạn sản xuất tế bào tinh
trùng cho đến khi chết đi, chỉ còn là một thi thể”[2








1.1.2. Vấn đề quyền sống của thai nhi
            






11
 



:
-  
 
- 
 trẻ chưa sinh 
-hilippines.
-               












 




  
 

     bang Colorado      
   


 
 khi 

 
  

12
 

thai.


1.2. Các khía cạnh liên quan đến nội dung quyền sống của thai nhi
1.2.1. Những ni dung cơ bản










- 
 


  n


 




13
 một con người sinh
ra tự do và bình đẳng về nhân phẩm và quyền"[8]. 




 

 
 


- KL v Peru,  

  
 

            LMR v
Agentina,  

 

: 
 

 các nguyên tắc cơ bản
của không phân biệt đối xử và bình đẳng trong đó có yêu cầu các quyền của
một phụ nữ mang thai phải được ưu tiên hơn một quan tâm đến sự sống trước

14
khi sinh]. LC v Peru, 
 

  

 
 
                
 
 

 
  11 
-9-1990 (CRC):
            

     [7].     

 
 
            
.[7]
Hay   “Mỗi
người đều có quyền được tôn trọng cuộc sống, quyền này được bảo vệ bởi
luật pháp và nhìn chung từ lúc thụ thai không ai bị tùy tiện tước đoạt quyền
sống”[6, 
 
 

15
 
           

           
.[5]
- 

 


 



               
              

 











16

 



1.2.2. Như
̃
ng luồng quan điểm về vấn đề quyền sống của thai nhi
            

  
y.  


 

1.2.2.1. Quan điểm về quyền sống thai nhi trong cộng đồng y tế - khoa học

 


Thụ tinh 
hợp tử. 
   túi
phôi. 






17
Bảng 1.1: Những mốc phát triển đáng chú ý của bào thai
Tuần
Pht triển của thai nhi
Hình ảnh


     -4, thai nhi


-        




-  



   -4, thai nhi





        







       160






Lan.

18





        

     
ngh


       
       

     
       
       
       


       

        
tim c

       








19
T       


        
       

        
     
g.


       
    

      

      









 

        
       

