Các đặc trưng của Laser chưá vật liệu hấp thụ bão hoà và hiện tượng cường ổn định quang học trên cơ sở lý thuyết Lamb
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (55.45 MB, 122 trang )
BO SAI tU) a... T i-i.0 c;ii:.tl f«liJ[i^ VA fiijY lTGi»B
G
.5»fci
rrl^ì .;b;^ Jbu uè
fi" A;
J
VI ^^/^.n f
OAC DxìC mum
cu A Lik^i^ Ci.Uià ¥Ai* Uffij
bAP ^>uU BAU tiuA VA iJ3t?T inJOITG LUCiTG
ti? DlrTb (^MÌK: u:C 2Ri^ì G<. Jtiu Li'i'tOJXEi'
ObuyOn nt>^xb :
Ma blgu
s
v^ua^g b j ^
l^i^.iL
Lu^n Sri P b i ?lSn s i Kb uà bpc . : o 5 a - I ^
;^^"^-^
Blaii Va.» iiCslcic
faA iUM « i 9 $ 0
im uà
Imsev cu'^tì Vs^t i i ^ u i J p ouy uS > i.ba C^^^^O*
»dv^i Cwv»A6 ib.^:ig *»n d ^ b quOOi^ v.^ •
biij.1 XVi6 ii^'^:
6
'^•n a;nu quoiì^^ L;<3 «
6
i^m iJbbùl t,au3o
12
*
§ 3 . **5 tbuyCt; :.aab df*l v^^ la.©?? v t
.o^i
ì7
OaJKmì^ d m L^ii vài alaig pbung d:^ u / S ^ to?on.v
bu'Sag c^ng i-i.'&ae a^ng v^ag .
c:5
^1# Oftj . uja^
ôi^
ci?inb co? i>ari
Đô:ã ?>v t-l^'^i 0V3 cua a ò l cn-^^ug
«:«*6
^#
'^A
i^j^t cvoc, d^m aixio c a ^ i.aG-or
g^» Jfiu k € t q u a v% u i g n lu>^a
GausG
tìrcnt;
t O a ^ c^»ng u?n*ng'\-1^i o f c
-3?^
t'--'Xi
.
pléSiig v!> 3 ị i i;2;r^^it; t^^^t Cà.3t Iri. ìag dlta£ n u S t
§ l # Lfcjii di^ng V^ilg V ^
^ .
^1
u u 5 : ^ C / I Ì ; W J C ^ V^Og
L o ^ V(rl OU^ìg O.'Og uuv^-lg ra!ii?;y-«'ax*'Jt
4?
g3* ^^Sc kSt; quo vft bi^o lilyrj
VI
Ob4;?'Xig ^ » - ^ à vC-i *Av?^ d^ya wt <5* *;i8t ci:l^a
bauoa te-ari^.: ó u ^ c^rtg a^uig dyog v^ig
vfil
OftC guV/ig cSu •
^
iUtt bfiy^g pi4.-?o':ii lu.flp gSn <'?∾ ki^3a£
6C
§3» 6*^' xi8 *t.nt e So i^.^'ng con^ 1 ^ cùa
£uy 3?9a^: D]. biSn.l-b^
§ 4 . afte Icffl; qua yh bi§n liK^n
to^ang
66
69
Pbi? ISK: I
80
Pbtf 1(^ i l
gg
Pbtf lyc I x l
Pby 1 ^ JT
g^
Pb^à l\jtó V I
-^^
CSc k5 biO»^ cr<-' «^^n
.^g
£&i l i ^ u ub^m k t a o
M i/
BAU
àilOn ti-Vag liwng ór) .T;nu quuig bjo ( 2L0 HP^^^^I
b l a t a b i l i i y , v^Sii tflt 1% B ) c\?yo ÌÌ« oslSko /'l:^6/ piAt
ift dft, 'nyt u?ftng ftog dVMig a}8n trong quO:ig bjjo pbi
frjySn ria r a ^M.^.i^^^t l:>§t c8o cOog tsaSfrli 1^ tU'jflt v&
ti^Jn ti^g^ n!c/ Ittn luvt xufit bif}n»Ca»a pbUto t^i li^-^u JJ
teban kbSio), fg'jftM uà <^ tìlu ro nblftj oflob t^o ro
ri v«!d
cfto looor rfirif ofln dùn, kbl, dtku^m. "^fic co» cii5 -'.ù t^o r a
(^0 cSo tinta CLflt v*i ftng d^og cua obRjiig da cl^g^ nbi&u nb!b
kboa i,po quan tura, d^o bi8t Ib fe^^, Uyxig oua bi^u Grtf^
at(y trong vi^o t§o ra nbSoe yflu HO (é ^
ìS ofto l^ia Li^u
quang U^ isvoac ky tbu^t :a8y fclab •
1,0303? ebCa v^t li^u bflp tbw uà3 bba CLa3or witb tbe
saturablo abo orbar» v i 8 t tfit lo x..^u) i!» cj^t tronca abSog
t b l f t b|. cfi tuj tHjJo ra .23 v5 curtg Cong O^ge ngbJiìn o5u
o2» v8 1^ tUi^'St i3n tMrfC nc>:l^» t*; ngtión cftu i^^* o5 3
pbuc;ng pbfiEi IS ^u*y8t culab ^
A?go 5fiiy dv"ag s
c6o t&o g.a Al,'Ivy da atc dyag pUic^^ pbflp g?fei rì&ig
pU^dng tarfUb u5o rr^ v/Vi ta ? blnb -d ttay ^ ntóo nùng It-VĨG
dft ogbitìa c ^ (^0 tax^ng cu^ng (l§ mode oua LuA cu^x ^tó
diSu kiga scuflt biyn vlJ aau bt?a»iig cua cftc tba^ G8 i^A kbfic
njUdu It^a blyn ttirg^og t S ; balociQu v& otonbolia /'ìr^/ QÌmc
mQt o5 t&o già kbftc / i 3 3 / da ouT dyng pUi-c^ nbftp IJ tbu^Ct
Laab d5i vpbi^j^U: P * ^ ^
OTL.*^;
yflu * > fip dgiag rlL^^
*
tt-uy8t nbiSu l o ^ vb bi^'^ :l8u ngi.iOa cèu
ta?aag taxt^ig Q^au» bugiato vb
andai /fi/
dS a?^;o <^u i(
QGbitón oftu LQ i^:>ii vfl^l aoi ta?u^j»dig ti.v^'o lac? r^tig: dtssog vìuSt
bofrt d^ng e? ob8 ^ «fcn mode bfing pbl^:;rlg pbl^ i T ^ g tx? «
2yy nblOn c? nurng odng urlnb nbj- tru^ing ftl^n t;S? ob5.
i
9»^
xOGi Ib lax^^i CSQ o&ig i>bang <ì:;n afio tb;,^ t^ cbo t U ^
«, 2 -
kbi Bi6i tactìfifrig kbu8ot Ogl vb USp vit^ tajOTg t^trt^^t c^ng Ì E
E
Lft;frA)g Ib kbdrjg '^^g niJSt tbeo py:r:^j ngang dftì v ^ tryc
oua bu1!^ig oOng uwng u$y kkl o8u ulnb gv?«vtig cua
0 ^
buthig
uJ»c-53G cf!» bfei Hnb eiSnL kbflo li5u b§Bi ( li < co ) t b l
tB2t*ng eftng' ó^lgn sJt se e?» dgng eitsm
(VÌÌIIQO»
i.ier»iot A ' I /
dS eb:> tbHt/ b-lgt- dg liAob luy cb pLun btJ CrSuDo tbeo pua^^g
ngfiog <^ìtJi vftl laryo cua ịubnf^ c^n^; u / > ^ ( pbiic^ b&n vlnL
fl«g luisor ) • uaada e t al»/1v./ ^ 'r ^
do at? dyat; ciJta t UL©3
d& ngblif^n cCu a|o tan:mg bC*c xo 0*0 laaor tb^jv; tU;^ya£>
Lugioto e t a l / ?^/ (& t^bifìa cffu vf^nu kbOiig hn f^nb trone
cbc M qumic bpc tby d^ag vb t?.ou {ftaoi o^:?c 06 tlnb clSa
}
tlflt dl^a ngtfeif^ cua ct^og ô^ oft dĐng causaằằ. Vftl cflo
l03er c5 cljfia vj^fc llOu bSn tb*^ buo bba ( l^iA ) i^n.^S^; abog
41§a t& 0* dgng CouajEj obtja div^ cìg o<^p dSa •
Vi vày iraag lu^n Sa 1 ^ Cbfinj,; tcil 08 «u* dv«£; pbiXiìie
pbftp bftn co dl5n
^-^OEU?
dti agbiaa cfi?u c ^
Tr*i e i a tbifit iBXSXhìc atSnt: di^n tfe et» d^f^x^ L>n b8*Cauaa •
liu dl&3J cutì pU^cftTg pbSp ab& ao v&l 060 piA»?i^ig p*J^ kbbo
Ib ab - ^ t oy tb5 dgn tu'tmg tbc cua tr-J&ng ìlj^n i;& ts^oog
bubdg; cariti u:?&ni: quang bpo vb lịl tacU^ng b:>9t cb8t O^t
tatoQc bubttf: o^ag bucuog nìc/ • V&i di
guiJ^ì trim 0? duy
14 anb u-XA>g cua bl^u ftag •• tjjc i^So •* ( bolo ùiimlnG offoct)
O8J trfto d^j. v^mc bay d^^:ig i/abr^-^erot ette bubng o^afiuscnng Ltn a^o '^ara^: oti&ng d^ m;>do crung nbtJ vbiig trS oua
bl^a t^l^QC Xi^^; Sa d^nb qua.%. k.9o* i^Ss^fìa 00^ ;3& o t t e Crouea
olAag t o i liS at tih t l o bièu f^^g^ hau bi?c»og ouo oSo tboa
et cua cbbta C <5^ oong ouo v^t etncf
^ I^s»ng cbbm^iaìoung
aU? Vy t r i ou« cfto ruz^^ kbuicb 5^1, bSp tby toc^ig Dub?ig
eOng u?c?nG liia d|e tnmg vbag ti?S oua bi^a ttf^ng U vb
B
-3 dtJi ot*l8u o8c k8t quo tbu di^g^s oua istnL v?/l cflo k8i; qua cua
080 tfio gio kbfio 'tij 06 tiJi ulòu b i 8 t sau sftc bo?n v8 u o j t
ùi)tì(: cua LiiA vb
L1
f^a^-; vB •
'ì*roag ob&nL rat^ auflt djjiu, cb£nf.: t ò i cuag ngbWa cftu
flp diìog m^t aS pbuH>ìig pbfip g l a i kaflo nuau vb L:/ v^ag e6 m^t
dftag gfc; abo
6 v6 -bu-oìag d:l;)n put'cmg pbSp lu^a ta?ong 1^
tbaySc v8 ^iịA tìgn aay,
'Lugn 5n s e bao gbin 4 cu.'cmg sau J
Cbu'c^ I : Cuuvmg aby g^m bai otiSn. Pbbn m^t gifil -bi^u
ngSn g ; a 3ii xuSt blya cua
ÌÌSA
vb cflc Llgn toJg'ìig vyt; 1^ co»
bàn croag J-OA. PbSa kbSl quSt v* .14<^b s*? nbSì: t r i S n vb ftng
d^ag cua ofic i-Ign tiU^ing abj, da 31:^0 ':rlnb bSy trcng cSc c
i non trong lu^n Sa aby v^bGng t a l c b l t ^ p i
tecuag Glfd i/u.lgu bi^n w ^ i ^ lu^Sag uà di.ati quung bpc (
B ),
s^ pi-aa I09Ì vb J^nt uyig cua ci.firig txong ầTcng nstn gbn d§y»
i!rong lubn bai cua oi-u'o\ag n*y cuSig t - ì dS : r a m^t ef rllèm
v8 >u51 alym cbbm ( auss n£i CL- ìg, cbtiia Gatj3S troag bubag
c^ng biic?ng vb tron^ cSc mdl i;ru€ri£; bojt cb8t kboag dbng*
nbSti, .--5tbuiE8'J bfin co dièn Lamb cuag nbtì ftog d^ag cua
nb
tron^ lasac' .u^-ng tu-??yng vb -UJ^^ ctiig du^f^OE i r i n b bby ó' ctìy
nt-Sm ci*uan bj. at-O c8c cU?o'ng atiu»
CiaU'r^ng XI s Ktaj s S t la£:iGr kbl cbfea v ^ t l i ^ u t.Sp tby
ba- b^a troni- bu*ng c^ng u ? o ^ dyig vbng vC*i s?»ag o b ^ Ckyii
u.i'ftti^;. «lei blab dftrgHj kua ^ afit Q.ro'ag tg? n^u cua bolomaa
vb
3tenbolm / '\d.d / t l n u ciuo LGA v ^ l bubag c^ag Ut'óttg FaoryPer Ju vb cua Ptan JgvC bb / 'i / t l n b cbo Lb-^ vftl butat., c^ng
U?cr-ag d^a(., V^-ng clcm U.^Sag • i?lm dit-c/c dlbu klyn xuSt bi0a
bi§n Cu'g»»^ *-8 cuag nbU ani* u?r;ng cua oSo obom s 8 kbSc: b^
s6 t l c u tbc>dU| bbia bivm kLuyScu ^^l vb LS/^ t u y , cry me; r$ng
Vboag tJ^og aufit . . • Ina blfa ti^^'^ag v B# Bua ojnb 38, tlm 2
.^
^ * j -
.«- ^" - ^ ^ ì ci?*ag d^ i^A CToag cSc bubag cgag
- 4 - ^
bt?cmg dfai_ v^ng vf/i sftag ct>ay divn à^l5ìig vb outni- cyag
Ut'*?ng i'aary- Peroc, cuag
ULÌS!
tlm div^iO aab bU'ị'ng oua biyu
(5ag"ta^ bflc" Icui Lign tu**i?ng '.^,
Cbu'c^ xxl 3 i-x-Oiig OLii^'^at nby v-ufint, t j i ti8t) L^c kbao
sfit Iit>A tr-oai^ e i e uullng oyat u.^'ai^; vS?i cSo g'Jo?ng' obong
au^ng db i;la:. ^^n
i^^ia u5 d§ng (-ULas oua s*ag diga i^ do
pbun u5 i-bịiig dbu iJLeo pbu'oiig ngaag
OIÌQ
nguj-^b dao dg t l o b
i u y . . b i tobn clii-^c xfic v ' I uai 'jrL'i'iij uyp» -o^^ e*
bubag
ovng Li^*^; d^Oi^ v?^ag vb d^nj.; i'^oox-y- i>erut»i!!Lm blèu (h2(je
àab u^o»ng oua cfic tbU';* s 5 cubm ^-auGs, oSa klnb ti*ong oua
5ag i a a e r cu^ig aui aau u?*/ng cua obc tiua^a QA ki.Sc I c a Juiga
titV-og cB ùrL^ng tr*ù'^£ig boT) nb.y.
CuUvtHg IV* 8 Kuào s S t obii vf>l otni
dign tC? o6 t i S t dìOa
iaausG trong bibn£, cyn^: t.i^V;ig d©nr; vtng vf?i cSo g.tn?i^j
oSu»
c a i t;LtWn/ Pbap"gan r^ftng kbàng qtOng a a i " ÌK£joa '^ezyiTcfipA'
t{uDtiMirio ".xpt^AuimHHx) vb pbtsVn/;. pbSo mdiaea suy rvng bj.
uònu song. eong. OLfng c r i ?^a 'ulm ("L'ytt ànb bu'cPag cua
o::>ai: bubiig c'^
d^
t'Joìag; cuag nb v^ t r i cua ngàn kui
v* ngaa b3^ ìby l e a uo?t dyng cua CB»
Pbbn ouiTi cbnt^ Ib Oiba kSt luyn, pti^ Ij^c vb t b l l i g a
tbam kuào.
Boa lu^ i fin nùy co^ bon au'iC tobii tubnb t ^ i bv ta^.n
i^Qn^ pb^, 'Lou V^t 1'/ trL'^ng -^{H b^o ãJ?ũng bô;^'i;ã i.b nvi vb
c4^9<? ctiinb 1^, bo xuag t a i ro Vyù 1^ dfii oiK?ng I , >boa Vyt
1^ ''?!. bpc iung bvr Xiìaiagrut, Oflc kOt qua ouo lugn S Ì da
db'go 08. Cu . ó c5c Xuniaa t o i b^^ mon qua i(, ^^.bo kboa Vó^t 3^
^
l^^^i uj>o J*ng bvP tib n^i vb ^g.l Lio 'l'ng b;i:) Ldnrlngrot, t g l
bvl a£>bi Vboa L^c Ttoa V^t 15 / 4 , b / , t p l cflc i ; l à - b j
V^fc i 5 1;^ ;Luy8t Vtn cbft 11, ^^ /^>, 7 / , t^L ^ v i ^^% Vgt
I f tobib-ouCc i5n
\:L.Ò.
Ili
/ 6 / , t f 1 UQ*- ngL^ ¥ § t 1^ b^r^
o
m <} é
Ogo^l « CIHJ 4 " c ;ittrlCUt 2ur^- u l vb U^l ij^i _'2gt4 qutlo
^
già Ibn ttit I I I v^l sv' C U 3 già c*iO o6c d^l jl^^u gutfe tfl
L{
Likifj;ii»5 fi8 e* *lcvd±v, BuagariLa /3 f > / vb "5 o3ag b6 ò?
cftc tff£> Obi ta-ong au^So /v,"! / vb fjo obi á'^Xj tig-cAl A-4,
*^>/»
•Tcua d^t'^ ab;^ » «:fBq( tvU a:i:ì uSt/ >-^ i^iG >^i8t da
ầu BSO dbi Vv*/! glbo cu" - tlMn u l 'LÌL- Vàa i*obng»QgSÌ*l
bu^!*ag dua I.ùoa bs?o - cto tya ùlab g^Qp ^* cbduig t^ìl bo&ì
tbbau ban luy;i Sa • i*-31 cuag :cLa u ^ t j i ^ g ol8t ^tì otìu
Sy
afio dOi v^^i giOo au tl8a o l Xi»i» ifSOdkln C "'?^ bjo 2aag
bnft> b6a.lag>*at > - ?agu^i da t^n lAiib dlu dSt, gbp aLldu
S ki8a ot clù uri ' ^ oblat. IS vb .obi Ci.:lnb boa lugn feii
Cbbag t ò l :iin cb;ia ttSiaù cfe c^n cbo i ifto o j , c?fei b^
giang c^y bj tst)n ^lua.ig oiA» nji t , c t%ng b ^ à^ib a^i vb o?
Fbou Vyt IS '^(?? b?o eSnc MiP Ltìniaga^ot , iS?ua(: tàm V^t 2^
IS uuuy8t Viga TTi^ca b?c Vivt n»^ , f^ o nuiSu 5 kién
qui afiu ta?oa^^ '^LÌ C * ^ blÊ)n 'ã18 cbl ô ''Jt.iag t a i ouftg xla
oooi c?a otto o6a b^ * Itoung inm la^y i^'^b bi^c v3j^a ^
tba^t
qu«a ov vb l'boa V^t 2^ ^91 i^?^ - ^ - - uyp Lt^aingrot cS glbaL
^ ^W
nblbu tbS^l Gian glfip dS» cbSng t o l tlnb toftn ob blgu qua.
OLÙnc t ò l xia cSni cn Boa Cbu ab^J^m Kboa V
t i a b twba obQ ob^nÈ, ^ 1 buba tbbnb lu^n b:i »
- 6 •
Cbifcm/:: 1
LY ^HtàJYm hMÌ OL DIEN LAi^ilB VA OM) LAbEH
ObUA VA£ LIEU bAt- i'iiJ BAO hcA ( LtìA )
ialEN 'ìKJoNG LUONG OH BINb (^^iSGr bOJ
g'U ^Ti£^ag agbtrm cftu talpn na.y v& LÒA vb blQn tu'Qiap
ld0ar^ hn Sjxitu quaar: bPc •
^» Stf xuSt bioa A c uiOa ti^cw^ v/jt 1^ co- ban
troag ISA ,
LtìA cbfia v ^ t l i § u b8p tb\^ bao bba ( LGA ) trong abSng
ndm gbn clay da tro' tbbnb mfSi guan tS'^ ].&n cua cSc nuò v ^ t
1^ 1^ tbuy8t vb tM?c ngbi$Ta»LbA cb l y l tLg bcm l a s e r tbbng
tbiift»ng C Ib l a s o r kuing cbfta Vc^t l i g u bfio tby bao bba ) b
etS o6 tuS dibu kblSo dut^ cà boi tbom e6 \>r;m kbuScb d j i
vb tbam ab b(m bSp tby» iH? d5,cSc nbb v ^ t 1^ (fa tbu ^^JVC
oyt l o j t cSc bi§n tcv^ng IS -bfi vb :ab r a cSc U?6tig C>ag dyag
mfil trong agbnb pbo bj^c laser» CSc biga tt'^v^ nby oung obi?
olo frag di^BB cua cbCing da 3i?*g?c Pbon TTg^c ub t r l a b bt(y trong
lu^n Sa cua minb / 1 / • O'd^y cbfing t o l obi nt^c Ifli mgt
v b i bi^a tt?g^g cblnb vb gl&i tbi^u m^t s ? c&c còag t r l a b
trong ntong nàia gbn day cfc l l a a quan t^Jl cl^ag» Cfic biéja
ttfqfag v ^ t ìS vb (Jng d^ng cc^ baa cua IJSA cb tbé cH?^ t b ^
nb&f sau i
a) bi§n tusj^g li'Sag hn d|nb quang bpr ( OB ) •
Cbftng t o i s e t r l a b bby ky bl§n tu'tag nby c^ myc sau»
b) Sy? bi8n dl^u dg pbàm cbSt tby dgag ( Pasaive 0 ewitcbiag )
Db I b m-Jt lirong abtiag biga Wq^c dgc tru?ag cua t o g t
d^ng IiiA»2Lm dlQu kl§a xuSt td§n si^? bi8a cìi0u d§ pb§m obSt
tbv dgng I b v8n c^ kbS bép d3n*Arl7nodo e t a l » / 3 8 , 3 >/
da
quaa s b t 3tó^ o8o xutig lf<^ iroag l a s e r CO obfia v ^ t l l g u bSp
^ 7 tby bao bba, Cb tbè xem btiètn vb biga tiegiag nby txoag e Se
c3ag c r ì a b / 1 , 78 /»
e) Bì^ dbng b^ modo vb &\f c^o xung oii?o ngSn »
Bay I b vtìn c^ dl?^ oSc niih t t ^ c agbl^m a?ét quon tata
/ 64,8o / • Jaoobovitz e t a l / 80 / da agblèa cfru
bSng
t b ^ ngbigzQ oSc c:!^c trimg pb& cua b&o x|f l a a o r tabu Rodamia
590 bo^t dyng b ob8 dg liè)a t y c v&l s^ dbag bg mode k b l eb
dyng obflt bSp tby bao uba DuDCI» Kbi abag dg cuSt bS:- tby
kboag d£l vb kbi tbay doi cfiag au8t b^m ( l a s e r Ar ) b mlBa
t r é a agwag pbSt, oSc tSc g i à quan s S t tuSy c6 Q\l cbi^yèa t&
cbS d§ dbag b0 mode aeng mi8n li^c^g an djab quang bpo « b*
gbn vbag ix^
sfng X= ịlcd nlit cSc tbc g i à quan s S t tbSy bogt
djng cua l a ^ e r cbuyoa sang cb8 dg t5»o tbbnb xuag naao g i à y
bo§c cb8 dg bfto xj» l i é n uyc b kboàng gbn bt?&c sbng A =570 nm
kèm tbeo Q\s tbay doi còng suSt b&c x^ •
d) Stf IV** cbfa vb Q\j i7^ kbba ( b e l e c t i o a and
self
-
looking ) ã
ô
Obebotayev e t a i . / 47 / zigbicìn cftu tbgfc ngbigm l a s e r
tjbang 1 0 - Ne ( 63 ) v6ȓ cbSt uSp tby Ne c^t troag bubag
*
c§ng à^L-otig» Kbl si; bSp tby I b abo, ofic t&o g i à quaa s S t r!L^
Q\j ttf kbba ( s e l f - lockiag ) vb pbò " weedlng out "»
Kbi
s^; bfip tby taag l ó n , kbồng cSob giu?a e Se !20de Wbg 90/*::L
C G - ttic dg Snb sSng, L - cbl8u dbi bubag c§ag bt?otìg ) cSc
tSc g i à tbu (kSijfQ ob8 d§ boft dgag ùya mode • Oi?8?ng dg ìbìa
mode ctfo djil bịbg 80
o5ng suSt I b i r a tobn pbba trong l a s e r
kbSag o6 obSt bflp tby • CSc tSc g i à da quaa sSi;
e ) biga tu»^^ pbSa abSab ( b i f o r c a t i on ) vb bi^a tL\?ag
tàBn ^^n quaag b ^ ( o p t l c a l cuaos ) »
Bey I b til^a tt?
-
g
-
day vb du'*?c ablSu nbb yijt 1^ t r e a
I;ÌÌ8
g i * l q .ioa tàm
kbi
ngbiOa rsù'-ì cfic obfl dj kboag 'in ^rj^nb troag I^aA | 06 tbg xem
obi t i 8 t vb cfi» bi^a tijg*ng aby troag cSc coag tirlnb cua
Lugiabo / 9-:^, 98 / , Carmicuaol / 4^i / , Arecotl / 57 / vb
oSo tSc g i à kbSo / 16, 37, 5^, i5* 57, ^h
B1 / .
Ob tùo xem tL&m v§ SAK 3\l gi<^ tbigu cSc biga tbigiìg
tariia trong cSc Ioga Sa pb5 t l 8 a s i 'loSn 1^ cua Pbaa t'Tgpc
bb / 1 / vb Vo «ftc LcHms / "iu / •
dm aloa tuH^f: li?v^af: ia d^nb qua-ir:
UL>C
»
2»'i» blO'i toJffaf:! ligc^Qg oa djnb quan(: b;>c •
lA?o^ Sa djnb quang bjo ( tbo c^^tìcal b à è t a b i l l i ^ , v i 6 t
tfit I b oB ) I b bi$n tìi^j^ag truybn bai tryag tbSl Snb cSag
hn djnb kui c b l c6 mgt trjing tbftl S:ib cbag cbi^u t&i m^t
t b i 8 t b j dgc bii;Jt ( Laser cuùa v g t lUii: bfip tby bao bba ,
bubng Cp^ng bL'o'ag cbfra v ^ t li§u bSn tby, cSc t i a b tbn
pbl
tuyda ã ã ã )i
biĐa tiu*/ng Itf^ag on d'inb quang bpc duV^ SsBke / 136 /
pbfit id^a dbu tié}n aiàm '1>'6/ kbi >ag t i 8 n bbnb t b l ngbi^ta
oau » ^gt bi'biig c^ag bi?o?ag i?'abry-Perot obi5*a (Hdy vflt 15.gu
bfip tbv bao uba b i g t r a n flu^ag di oua lazjor 0^ ^
( '^^ >^)ù
V^i dìBu kìgn xSc dj.nb, troag tagt kbồag giS t r | . abo db
cua cu^ng ài^ vbo, cu'^ag tTg r a c5 uaì tx^jng t u b i on d^^au »
Sau t b l agbigm aby, m§t ihojit oSc coag t r l a b 1^ tbuy8t
vb tbi^c agui^m xuag quaab biga t.-^ng O xuSt bi?}a •
B
k a i diSu kign eblab c^ xu8t bi§n ob / 94 / t
- 'i?lnb obi tuySa cua m5i taju'?;^' -tófyng tSc v&i t r j ^ a g
diga tG? •
- ITaag lu'gìig bbi d\ir^
( food nack ) .
Kbl agubn, . aang Ir^gtig bbi diwng Ib babn tobn quang bpc
C o l l - o p t i c a l ) , t i c I b bue xi» f, ^ 5 i ^ . ^ , j ^ . _^j^ ^ ^ g ^ ^^
-9
-
do bfic A9 l a u e r cua cblnb bribng cgng Lt^^: ouzig oSp t t i
tbifit b^ ti;\'^ gpi Ib tv tj:l ( i a t - r l a s i o )» Kbl aguba aàag
luJg'ag b!^l ùJòa^, i b do ragt: tbg bigu fli^t tfc boa ngobi vbo
t l n b tbfi c]£ t j o tiibnb t i a b pLl ^i^^n
nUìa *^e t b i t b l S t b j
c^V^ Fl?l ib :;gogi l a i ( t^ brld ) / "(17, 11 ;), 145 / • M tg?
»
t | i quang bpc rl^'g^ t^jic tbbab t t ba l o f i Vi^t cbSt i pbaa iri,
aguytìa t i t^^ do / 74 / , taoi tn^f/xig l'err / 111 / , cbSt rfin
vb cb8t ^jSa dSa / 30 4* 3*i, 138 / »
2»2» PbSn l o p i af^biea t^ftu •
Ngi^M t a cba c& tbS pbàa l o f i OB tbeo cScb kbSc t UB
c6 bubng o^ag uxmg vb uB kboag c£) bubag c^ag liUioiig •
a) iHAmfi ịn djnb quanp upc ob bubn/i; cKbi obidu Snb sSng vbo v ^ t cbSt d^t troag bubag cgag
btfcmg t b i e6 bai bigu ftag xay r a dbag ttbȓ : i^fip tby vb tSn
sfic. Mu tSn sft Snb sSag tCl cgnri uu'o^ng m^'C cScb c b l a b xSc
y&l tSn s 8 dJ^cL obu^ea cua nguybn t i t b l s^' tSa sSc kboag
dftag v a i t r b quaa t r p a g . Kbl db, t a cb uB bSp tby tbubn tfiy»
Ngu^;^ l ^ i , a 8 u bigu tSa sD cua t:^c xji isti vb Cba s 8 bSp tby
agoyfìa tu l8tì dSn mùc c6 tbo bo qua b8r> tby t b l t a ob
LB
tSn sSc tbuba t ò y . % o b l x^a cba cb uS boa bgp eba cà tSa
s5c vb uSp tby »
oi ) Lt25ng Sa djab b8p tb^i 1
XL?<>ng va d^nb i-Sp tby xu8t biga kbi obfit t*lp tby
tsb
aea bau bba ( ^ 8 u kl§a dbu 0? trang 8 ) . SaUko / 136 / I b
agtjM dbu t i e n pbSt biga r a uign tu'gìig nby vb bi?^ dbu g i à i
t b l c b stf xuflt biga vbag t r S biou t t 4 biga t u ' ^ ^ OB. n6 tbS
xom tbém Qi^ g i à i t b l c b co? o«^8 t^o tubnb vbag t r S troag eong
t r l a b cua Lugiato / 94 /»
sau day I b m$t s8 ooag t r l u b 1^ tuuySt vb t d / e ngt.igm
l l d a quaa dSa ià^ bSp tby s
hi^a tuvnt -^^ xu8t bi^a troag LòA dl?g»e
agbiòa cftu
- 10 oSag 1^ tbuySt bSa c5 -^iSa cà b chS dg ^rm ijiode / 1^^,123 /
cuag ab!? da mode / 43 / ã LĐ tuiiy8t
laser
bSa d i a d^vc agbiòn c(Ju cP cSc odag taAab / 3^', 6^,116 / . % o b i
eScb d^t «?i)at uSn tby trong bubng ??iJng bt?ó?ag agit^n t a obn
t^o r a t3u^5^ ^'^ ^^P ^'^tf bSng cScb chiiJu btuy8n
pbi
tron(:: bubng e^ng toj^gnig / 4 3 , 86, 1^6 / •
OSc abb tbi^'c ngbi^tn da ngLiOn cftu bl^a tu^ag C5 bSp
tby oSug cScb O^t càf» euSt LSD tby Cl^ot, Cu^i\
GPg
troag
bubag c^^'ig bi:^c?ag l a s e r 00.^ / 78 / , bogc bbng cScb d^t cb8t
U8p tby bao bbo tréja (*i^iiig dì cuo larier laGaàs / InP C 1,3 )
vf>i d^ hn "rjjtib cao / 141 / , bo§e 5 j t DLDOi vbi) bubag cjng burong CL^a l u a o r vbng R-odamia
590
bo^t dgng O' cb8 ci^ lic1n tyc / i.^ /
B ) Li20»r^ on d^^nb tSa sfic
:
Li.'o'ag on djnb tSn s5c xuSt; Li^n do t l n b obi tuySa cuo
c b t g t s a 3 t 4^01 trJỊ>ag C dibu kiija c^u ó fer» 8 ) .
>
Lugiato
dS g i à i t u l c b bfiag 1^ ^ùu^^^St biga tugag li^mig Sa djab tSa
e?e troag mòi tri=^5^ig Korr / i4 / . Ob&ig t o i oe ku^ag di gdu
vbo tilga tuVUo *^y» v i ia:*oag lu^a Sa e bfiag t i l obi e ufi 5
d8a uiga t;:.jg»ng v^; bSp tby trong L J A . ^36 tbS xera tbSta v9 oB
tSn a3c trciaag cSc cong i;rlab / 65, o7, 114 / •
^ ) ja:o»iig oa d|nb bịa bgp :
JIgobi .B hSp tby tbuba tfty vb tSn sfic tbuba tfiy cba
efc co OB bSn b ^ Vtfb tSn nfi.?, vi^b uiSp tby» nSc còng t r l a b
agbiea ofifi xitag quang tn^'Spng nò^j nt tu*; dugic xem troag / 56,
Tdo / ,
-V
^
.^
b) L\27^'na hn dXab guarir- bgc kboag cS buban cOnr: ti-òiifi; »
KbSo vfrl t b i S t b} t^o r a uB cb bubag cgag bu'cmg, t l a b
pbl tuy8a troag t b i S t Dì o3 kboag cb bubag c^ng bu'ò'ag tuaa
tbeo cfic co cb6 icbSc / 4o / • 0*i tbu xem a^ g i o ì t b l c b ce;
-11
-
CbS abj troag cSng t r i a l rho Leanerbc:/g02? vb Rosomaa / 77 /•
GB ku'ìng ob babag tt'^xMi bi^'ag <*5 juS die^ tfiro r a trOn
cS^ t l n u tuiv r è a vb oSn dSa /"\^d/^ Vi dy ab.: OB duv^
t^o
r a area t^ab tbS CuCl do s^ tua^ doi pbi tt:y8a cua dg tbum
di^a m')i ùoi-ft'ag qfia t r l n t . ruSt bai obotoa / 7^,135 / , bogc
trong cSc :ri^u ( etalon ) otri dBn GaAa ( 0,85 ) , IitóaAs C^, >5 )
cbfa mui unr-brii;; ybl tuyéu t l c b cu*c bubc tt*u *Kng / pi / bogc
t^o tubab tfc C d ^ I o kbl uSp o.^y ^ai pb^toa oua bftc xji cua
xung l a s e r Ou^
( d^ dbl xuag 1,75 as ) / 5> / bogc trong
f
o
Ini^-s kui kl^u oulcb u5ng l a e e r AJÌ U» liiilgv dy 68 ^ :;^> K
/ 118 A bo(ic trong GaAlAs / 1-9 / , bo§c troag eSc
do^
t i n b tbe ^dS vb ZnO / 4 8 , 66, 7 5 , 121 /» 03 nb^a dl?g?c bBag
cScb cbiSu l a s e r Af** Ida lfi»p kim l o ? ! inbng p b i tay8a CS^
f" "
/ 1^3 / vb l e a m3u 'ùiàùQ agag / 137 / , bogc bftbg cScbcuifiù
l a s e r 0^^
l o a laSu fabry ~ P e r o t lai^b a» 1*i*K / 5o / vb lOa
(—.
tftu s i i l e ì»tì bg sb dan ab n b i g t 3»1'^'*^ a / s vb bS sS bSp tby
bShg 20i^ cm*^* / 88 / , bogf bSag ^rSfrb k l c b t b l c b plaumoa ic-a
a
b8 a g t t i a u tbo long / 1^ / »
'23?ua cSiy I b »sgt 33 e mg urlniu n/;,bi6a r?Cu cS** d^ag uB ,
dìBu kl^a tbn t ^ l , n^J cbS vb i%>t JÌC vSn ^"^ lA6a quan
bl$a L^tigtig nbv • '-ìrong bi^a ti?g>ng c5 cba r b
pbài
cWn
abibu vfin db
agà-iun '^ff^u, cbflng bon nbi? pbàl kbào s S t s\? cbuyoa pba
troag oiì / 143 / i ànb Labn^ ^ua sv ubaag giSag oba cua l a s e r
di8u kbioa l o a ^ù / 7'i / , sg? dbrig bg
tba otJ troag uB / 1 4 5 /
cSc v8a db ixua quan d8n dibm cuuyba t l 8 p ( t r a a s l e a t ) %
trong U / 85» 106 / , cSc uB kbịng dfcag / 76 / »•••
B
biga tu^^g Ob c6 $ r^^bia vb g i S 'ori I t o trcmg vi*jc
ftag dyag vbo mSy t l a u quaag bpc
abu? t f o r a cSc y8u t b I o r i o
vb b$ ab* quaag bpc / 1^6, 'id)^ 131 / , r^Sr? y8u t b l o g i e
" vii " , " tkoye " vJi ffSff d i o t l a s e r / j4t 115 / •
Ot tàju tlm tbom toag quaa v5 w troiig e Se bbi bbo vb
B
- la cSc coag t r l a b cua Lugiato o t a l . t)'d « 98 / , AicpSux/13/»
*
po^dHob- / ^ 5 / , a^Ate^oH
/ dS / , Gibbs / 7 1 / ã ô ã ã
nbi? vgy, bl;^a tu^gftig C d i , dan{;.; vb ae
B
«SÌJ;'^
nblBu abb
kbos to'* trOn tb8 gl*l quan t a t ngWen ^C?u cà vS l,f tbuySt
lan l'bi^-* n/;;bi§!n cung nbu? frng dynr; f*j.a '?Lfing «Cba nLlBu v5n
c^ llOn quan 'a8n l l n b vv*- aby cbn pbài fìii^^ p i a i auy8;; »
Vb m§ t I,f t b u j ? t , bSng ba obeong pl.Sp ke tr^ìa cb*? abb kboa
Lpc :-a tl'-n r e abr^ig qui l u g t co' bàn nLfit vS blg^i tu^'ng aì^y»
Tuy nb1.(*in | bbu nLt? (*S?? l^ iilaySo rìLg^* ^ i s i guy^t trf*ng
aLtìi'n(/' phép gbn dfing nb:: r*b «^ Crjn g i à a cLc t l n b tofci nUsag
ôbi?a t b g t cSt ViW, tib^ ngblĐ!n « . ^ t Irong abimg pb$:o gbn
dfing ù.t Ih c o i l-n^^g dl^n tfe Ib o5n^ obeng dcm a5c« TU^Hs
t 8 y bi6n ctj \;ri'?pn£ ^5 tbay f H l'Leo obt?o^ ngang s o vftl
tryc quanf> bs-T ^*a btbng rgng ixhtff^ • D^ng pbàn btJ rua
t r u ^ ; . gbn vf*'!- ttv>^ ngbigni boa r»u Ib nban b8 Gauss / 85 / •
Vi vgy vSn a8 mb f*jftng t o i quan t?iai b dSy l i ànb biicmg cua
ptan bC Gauss f^*© txv*>^g rtl^n i& lun bign t : J c ^ 03 nli^ tuS
abo ? Kbi Jibt d?n pbàn bb
{QV^B
CI>O
ì n r ^ i g '^ign t ^ tLA s e
tlia 5u?g>p nlrng kSt lugn g ì cb Ig»::. rbo tbi^'c ngbl^m ?
I r o i g lugn Sn nby cbfiat t e i c b i cab tr^wig kbào
sSt
bign tu^iyng .B xufit biva trong lasei^ kbl rbffa v g t l i g u bSp
tby beo bbo ij?Gn ce se' 15' tbuySt lacib e6 Ulab d8a pbùa bb
Cause cùa cn»^ag dlgn tt* •
'Pn?6»^ kbi d i vbo t r l a b bb;^ ngi dung CLO lugn Sa cbfiag
t o i ae gif*] tbigu s
ridag »
g*a» Obbffi Carss .
a) KbSi aigm ibbii Gaues vb r»6c tbom cf cua ab / S3 /»
abba l a s e r cbibu kbl <3l?g^c g i à t b i ^ t l ^ sbng pbaag
dbag abSt* Huj nLlfìn a\f pbaa bb Cui'ng d^ t-roag e bfiag I b
-15
-
kbịng dbag ab^t C GÌ* t r i ^'^u??^ag
iSm, fibi bSr x%i c/ jiode TEM^^ot ^^ '^boy doi eua biéa d'j^ /
cbbm icfeior troag bSt k^ iilÉt diva agiiiig abo €3è clug^ ab t a
b&i expoaea uyng Gauss C blab 1»1 ) • cSc c^c ti'U?ag dSag
1L?U S" '-^-^ cbbm Gauss Ib t
f
1:.
So
/
*w-k
' Pye
r
i_lau !•'*
e) BSn k l a b cblm v.auss :
^'§ r$ag- cua ^bSto i?u't/c -"^c t r J n g bo»i bSa klab W cua a b ,
v Ib kbồag -ìScb mb ó i'fi uitta d^ cua ìiTu'b'ag g i à a di e i S a
V
»
so v3?i olo a d;/ 0 ì;rvc cùa cbbm C Ulnb U1 ) •
»
o) Sg- ian truySn cua -^ubn Kào^a x
Oubiii .'lU f:6 *:Iu5'ag klau c^o tiou c2Vi^ o' " di-J-a tL5t "
C waist ) cua ?bba, t ^ i C% mgt sbng I b p i ^ a g . 0 xa^'TbJ tbSt**
Ciib© duv^ -uJ rf>ag tLeo quy l u ^ t sou i
Vtrong db z I b ki^oan,^
«^SCÙ
Ci.i)
t& 'm '^^ag dt?g^ kbào s S t '"^n
cbb tbfit. bt^' Juy tuu^r i^;Cz) c^ug?c btóu diSn trtìn blab 1»2 .
bij pbùa kj' cua cbbm b vtt ig xa tóng %- ^ \ /-ri Wo, :jSa
klnù ooá cùa la^ó sSa/ì òway doi tUeii eòiig xJHa x
RCZ) = ^ ];j.+ (71W//A2f J
(d.^;
- 14
-
lilau 1»^
Obng xa Quo tbSt R cbag giam t-^:*^ ida giS Uj?4 oi/c
t i è u -i^, . = '^ h^Jt/X
b kboàag cbcb a -71';; '"A sau
dfi t'JOf; lùn vb t i d a jìgin cgxi t6>i 2, dbag tbbl xay
r a 8:/ d i c b i>ba d^l v&i pua c^a 3ftng nbang
efSag
abSt 1^ t<:'o»ag :
f i 3)
e ) i^Sc tbaia afl pbf'c cua obbT^i Gauss .
oSc tbaoa s8 tbi^c \^ vb K c6 tb§ tìi^g^ ai; dyag dS xSc
d}.ab tiiUm ttS pbi'o q
1 ^
i
^ 2 ^
(i.4;
"^bi cT^, qui l u g t loa truybn c ' a cuClm trong kbong g i a a
3^ Qt àgoi^ 'Itm gioa q . .- q^vJ; , L-rong ^ f ofl.:j tbum sC
Tt
q..
vb q.^ tbugc vb oSc lOQt ptSag vbo vb -jcjt pLaag r a «igt cScb
ti^oTìg fing, cba e 3.S >.uoàng oScb giua cSc 'ni^'Q pbSag aby ,
2) B?c >;raab gba dSng cua pbua b1 trju'ag òrtmg c5c
bubag ogag L^ba^ ou d^au •
a) ol/ puaa bt! tru-^-ag t r ^ a g eSo bubag c;ng biJon^ cO
dbl xfìng wbuag »
iJrxig cSc bubag cjag buwig et dil xfea^^ tbang ,kbuu dg
gUoitxg ob dyag vuSag bo^o blaL CUL' abgt* Kbi db , s^' pbaa bfi
^ 15
-
gi?r;ng et d^ag \'uòng bogc Llab obi' nuQt. Kbxf^b, SÌJ pbàn bb
trt^bttg fìC>c,y) ':3.*ont m^t pba.ig ugaag cìHl vfri mode £fcii'JVjiiq
trong pbSp cba dfing kui c o i oSc klou tbc^S^c agaag cùa oSc
mode abo bc?n kbau d8 gtic/ng Ib
E (%, ^ ) = E. K m ( i S 3C/ÌA/J H ^ c ^
^/M/; e
""^
fi-5)
trong d^ bQ Ib b sfl xbc; d^nb bida d^ tiH^^?mg, b ^-^Cx) i b da
@
t a ^ LaxvnXtf W Ib bSa klau cùa obbu t i a bo^c k i c b t b i ^ cùa
obflm sSag C pa^Mep 'YIATHCC ) ,
o) ò\j pbaa bb cua teu'i'ag troag cSo bubng c^ag bi^'fj'ae
dtJl xftag trba»
Kbi mo t à by c6 d?l xiJ'ag trt»i cbfiag ta s^ dyag cSo tpa
d§ t r y r , tf , z , Sij pbtìn bC trtjba/i; troag oK^t nbaag agaag dtJi
v*i a ode ^ ^ l o
° ^ dgag
trong d6 v/ Ib bSa k l a b cbbta, L^£x)lb da tbftc Lagrangar suy
3?§ng.
CSc Gịng tbfrc Cl»^?) vb Cl»6) do Kogolalk vb Li / 83 /
tlm r a cbo cSc bubag cgag Lubt^^ ii'abi'y-- i.-'orot» btf pà^sa bb
tn???ag trong cSo bubng c^ag bu?c^a(; vbng cuag «Si^gti t r l a b bby
cy tbS trong / 2t) /» OSc oSn k l a b obbm W (k^^t: xfio ^^iab 3 ^
tbu^o vbo oSu blab bubag c^ag buc^ng- Cb tbS xeia ty n i oSo
09ng tbftc t l n b bSa k l a b cbbm Gauss W cbo oSo o8u blnU bubag
c§ng bu'o^iig kbSc nbau troag / 2u,83 A ^' day e bfiag t b l o b i
dSa r a ia§t v i dy vb oubag c^Jng bii&ng vbng ob m^t g'.Wig obu
vb b a i g u o ^ ' p i J ag nStn t r é a ba diab afe a tam giSo dbu»
^^b
I b cflu ulab uub.^ c5ag btro^ng mb cbfiag t b l Sp dyng t l a b bèag
aC troag cuJo^g 4 . i>bx vfrJ bubag ogar;: t»t?cmg aby ofcS tbfit
cùa cbb^n so aSa b gl^a canL cùa tani c'iòo dbi diga v
- 16 obu» Klou tb&^iS^ agaug cua mo^ie uC-O'ig mXòu tbfit bSa£
troag r4i4tì i^baii^à cùa ouu v i oubag cga{^ bJj'^ag ( Ib ?ngt pbéag
cùa blab va - ulab 4 . *)•
Vb
tL'oag ^t OiÀnQ vuong gSo v»M m^t ojiag trSa»
ù!i'ong dfi, a Ib o§au cua tan giSo, H IS bSn k l a t ooag c j a
gtu'cmg o&a duy abdu, «a^a Ib cSc c b \ s ? agaag cua mode.
3> k9\j; l a a truyba cùa cubai Gauss trong bubng obng bi?c?ae
l a s e r vfti mèi t2:-u?*^g bo^t ouSt kbOag ubag ubSt / 1Lv / .
•£roag 5ng laser^ .i^ù dg k l c b t b l c b cao -^lól fcr^^i^j tby
dgag d& duy t r i cbb'ii t i a Ib kboog ^T&ag nb3t tbeo pbi?c^
agaag» Do w^t dg bom kboag 'abug abSt aby, g^ kbu8ob d y i ( t b 8
gain) vb cbié'v suflt cùa mịi txt^bVig oung tuay Chl tbeo pbu'c?ag
«
ogaag s o y&x ùryo quaag b,c cùa bubat- ogvii:- bu'a'ag» De g i o ì
quy8t oSc ubi ùoSn Qf> t l u b uSn ^'ix bfl iigung cùa triJÌ-ìig
cxoag Irioer agu^M la -.j.iii^b'ag si' dyag boi pbSp gbn dfing sau»
ilroag pbfip gbn ùùae ^bft auflt agt?J?ì t a g i à t b l 8 t rbag
ObiSt sufit radi tru»?>iit: dìigxs kuoi ti^i&a t t b a b cbuSi cùa r s
nCr) 3 a^ + a ^ r ^ + . » . , trong db v lo tpo d;> agaag troag b^
tpa d.) t r y • Ix-ong uini t2?tó?yng v H ©if blSa t b i é a cùa o b i 8 t
sufit cft d^a/; nbi? trSn, b^ab tbfc lu^n sua Sr^a t i a (
ray
m a t r i x fD3?!nalism ) Ib cigt teong abSag pk^'o^- pbSp cb g i 6
t r t tijì/o t??» A'Leo pbi:n?ag puSp iby, stf tbay doi oùa bSn klnb
cbb^ vb cùa bSn klnb coa^^ wj^} dang pba dij?';flo mò t a tbeo qui
l u ^ t AB^D /
i ) / . x^iiy nblffO pbuvmg ouSp aby oh qua bif^u ftng
bao uba vb kboag cbo aguiOai ft; obb L:^) [ a s e l f - o o a s ì t e a t
- 17 L
._,____
^
[_j
PbSp gbn iìftig tbft bai ^tiuf/ag rX-goc dbag '5A ngbiSa cftu
cbo bi^a ti;:;?ng tv d:l5tt n c o ( tbe s e l f - foousiag effeete)»
(fcong nb§p gbn ^^ng aby, cb'l8t 8u8t m5i tru'bag <*^?go già
t b l S t nu? saut n = nr> > n^ E + • . .
• ^^gLÌC*ìs cue i3ry?^ng I b
t^^ pbb bgp , MiQ db w«; ^by tbugc cuu a^ vb a^ ir^o r b}. bo
qua»
'2i^oag cbag' uclab cùu oilab iaoda vb t^blaodo / l o ù / g i à
t b l 8 t ifing pbàn bb ngang cùa bigu dg t l c b luy o5 dyag omxt
/ 41 / a N =: N^ J^ Ca^ 3:/b) C a^ ^ ^•4o3, b I b ;^Sn k l a b
troag cùa fiag l a s e r )# Cbbm Gauns xuSt biga ti-ong mSl tn^^n6
c6 ngbiob dào dg t l c b luy abi? vQy l a n t r i ^ b a tbeo bai bt?&ng
dpo tbeo l^yc quang bpc cùa bubag o^ng usbag F.P.P^ pbrìn
ci/c v i ffio Olii mVl trt"?Pa^; du:'/c tlnii bSa*^ 1^' tuuy8t Losìb vb
dtóg^ iSy troag' gbn dfing sbng
pkuKmg tr5.nb sbng Mosn^rell (3i?r/c Vlnt t r l S a ^Jbec. cbttSi cùa
r , Sau ^
cbc tSc già s o sSab oSc bg s b ó bai v8 oùa
>
p
pbtfcmg t r l n b b bai bgo toflp ab8t» S^ bao uba cuag nbi? s^
nby tuago cùa c b i S t s u 8 t vbp r di}.^ kà-ào ijSt bSag cScb ti^
pbb bg"p •
Iroag obu'ong 3 obf'ug t 5 1 oung
ib^'ì ti.^o^ i;*^ abt? iiaoda
vb Bbliaoda» b a i kbSo GU\ b cuB cbfiag t ị i xSt ism ồ obSft
bfip tby bao bba f^t
trong oubng cgiag bucmg vb obfi trpag
ngbl^a offa anb l^'c^ng cựa cbbm Gauos troiỡg tn???ag Ugpp nby
Đ>ã I ^ tbuySt Lamb dbl v ^ l a s e r vft jli^^'^V- • "'^^" :Tvyv?tM
3 . 1 . l^ tbt;/8t 0-; boa .
\
1
^^JV^L/f/^
_
ã
,
Pbl^3ng obSp bSa co diĐn ^ g ^ Lamb 76*4/ db xuSt k b i
g i à i b b i toSa oiaser quang bpc bSai^; 1^ tb^oyfft nàa 196*^ •
Sau db pbifong pbSp nby ?1i;yc pbftw t r i S n vb w rgng tbbnb
^
- 13 «
i ^ t troag abSofe obag oy 15 tbuySt 06 aigu Itfo d& g i ù i cSc
bbi toSa l a s e r , liim 1 >/4, bargeat / 1^4 / di tu:*lab bby I g ì
3^ tbuy8t nby mgt oScb udtbsB xAù 1^ tbuy8t aby ó" puy 1 ^
i»
x^ juagù LiOiflo ùuvc a p i iS. y^Sa c6 -UogC s e m i o l a s s i ©al > v i tru&ìig ti'oxitj oubag cvag uu!/iig du^^o xoioi I b oh d:lèa
tuaa ubeo cSo pu^^ag t r l a b dl^n dgng li^'c bpo iiax^oll,
cba
bi| aguyea tb cua mòi tu?%ag t j a a tbeo cfic nguyàa 1^ óo cd>
bpo lu-g'tig tì^. 2b0O pu?rmg fkbSp nliy, tfe b^ pbuK>»a£: tolab MoXHrell s i tlm <ì^jc pai?o''ng t r l n b sfiag cùa t r t ^ o g Vul g i à t b i 8 t
bldn dj t r t ? c ^ Dl8n dai oM^m tbeo tb&'i { i a a , Sau kbi tSob
pbbn i'u^o vb pbbn ào oùa uni v8 nUfont.; t r l a u cbfcag t a tbu
dtrjc e Se puu'f;ng tiAnb iaLi!k^Jbii2C s e l f - coasitency ) cbo
nSc tbbnb pbS n biàa dg vb i5a 36 oùa tr'jVvig, : § t kbSoiCSo
tbbnb 1 t.Sn óo ị:g pbaa ci^'c pbf^c cb tbA tlia CtCgfr? abft' pbuViig
pbSp taa trgn tv^t dg vb ^^r^o r ^ t vbo e Se ^^brcmg t r l n b t\g pub
btfp abi t i t ì n . 2& ^Tb cbfiag ta tbu \rgc eSc pu?c«ig tsriLnb oc?
ban cùa cu'%g dg vb tSn sfi io ode oùa l a s e r » iìrda ce? su' dfi
cb tb?? kuào sfit cSo l l a b obSt v^U 1^ oua l a s e r »
3#*^» tur dum: cua ^>Uin]^l^; pbfip 1? t b v / g t bSg co diga
,^
Lamb tronA l a s e r ^
Ngi^M t a da si? dyag 1$ tbu^St Lajab fì3i vCl oSc bubag
cvag bi-'nfrig l a s e r dpag vbn^^ u-y i^abry- P e r o t , OSc k 8 t qua
dt^n blnb tbu diryic bSng pbu»oag pbfip nòj ^x^'o tba tfit troag
cSo coag t x l a b / 84,1^4 / i I^,tb»ay8t Lamb cVg^ Sp dyag cbO
cà l a s e r rSa vb l a s e r kbl v M cSc iy..ibag cgag bu^o-Ttig F a b r y Pexot oung abi^ v ^ i cSc cubng c()n[, Uio-ag vbng» Dbag U tuuySt
LamD / 'Ui4/ da tlm fl^»^ nbiicmg t r l n b tóng qaSt ia.*ong e Se
ta'iJfAig bvp bopt a;\ag do'n ni ode cuag nU? da »r»odQ cua l a s e r ,
tlm '^u'gts cSo d^iC trii'ng C'^ng % n^do l a s e r ':^ iirgag t u b i à
«19 d t a g , e i a ! i-Llcb d^gv: bl^a ti?(?ng ffl^ng b ; modo, c?nb t r a n b
i}oc!e, su» xubt bi§n "^oiab dip trong Inr^ov k t l , , ^
Tuy nbi^^n k t i n ^ l xi^St b1.§n 1^ tb^iiyft /.osb, dg pbSn c^'o
cuo v ^ t CbSt ^i?f^ t l n h t>?ng ntiV^c^f ptfip ab^oii lofn vb clUgc
l8y d8n gbn ':tfiag o^c 3 cùa "^^ tbuy8t nby / 8^ / . Sou db,
pbijmig pbfip Lamb (^7^ t l ? p tyo mb r;ìng. ^>§ cblnb xSo boto oSo
tSc glG da ec dyag pbixmg phè-:^ i^ln blO*-^ ^V^b ( ntrorig-elgằl
tbeory )»
IÌA^O
p U ? c ^ nbSp aby, d?j ntà^in oy» f?Mng nU^ 30 t r ^ n
m^t dg vb t2?i?bag ^^i^n i *
4?Q'C
kLtai tri?^a tbbnb obJiBl irourier»
s i dyag cfic t l a b cuSt cùa \H^n st Ih^n iryo obfing t a olm
bi^u ffl^au s o v6>ì 1^ ti-uySù auii-'u lo^ia ( b^o p ) I b ó? cbS ab
^j?QO dbzig tìb agiiiiia c&u J.>er cb Cu?>tig d§ ^^HL troag k b i dbag
ì^ tboySt auiSu ìo^u ctA gifri b§n s\; k t e o sfit *> auhig cu'??ag
>
dg gbn a(strrmg.
SteaiiOiTa /b Lanau / '*j» / du dbag put'o?ag pbSp nby dft
kbào a S t uojt ding db>i Tnoce cùa oifi^ex? quujig tpc cb w rgag
Dopplor» ofic tfic g i à da ubSt t i g a r u a g t cSu to.-fio t l a b v i
tx?éa drfSmg Owng obi 3\f pby tbugo cùa agL].cb uoo d^ t l o b l u y
vbo v^n tbe kt.i maser flu*^ dlbu obiau c^ng L^;'cmg » Bb I b
•• bu^^ abo •• ( bunp ) b dSy bfl »
hambeaae vb b a r g e a t / 7 3 / ouag dbag I^ bbuyéc tifi biga
m^nb 'Sè kbào ;3St bo$t d^ag bai mode cùa l a s e r vbag boi obibu
boyt dgag Ibng og ba mooe oùa xaseu.* vbag dc-^a uu-ffnQ »
i ^ t^u^yéJ bSa co dxoa cbn db-gxs ubag d^ agbllla oftu B\g
l e a truySa oùa oSc xiaig l a s e r y8u vb myab / i i a / , ofio tinta
CbSt oùa l a s e r vbxig
UJ&QQ^
do^ modo e fi cr>ag tua d ^ ^ wb
105 / cuag aum oSo w>lau cbbt cuu bg l a s e r l l u n
k 8 t / 3^*, 127/»
^ . ^ « j ^ tLu.v8t Lauib troa^v ^o^ »
- 2U
-
rifila 1973 »>alaTiaa vb oteabolm / Uci, 'i«i5 / Ib atill?a6
aguM dbu tlOn dbag 1^ tLuySt bSa eh dlAn Larnb de kbào s S t
bbi toSa LSA , Bbng oSct kbào a S t t? t^i^ tSc gi-^a toi:b»ag s
sbag dftag cùa bubng c^ng u^o-ag Jabr^/iirerot vb rafti tru'&ag
ngayón t i uai Tfìf»o nang liivyag v5a bf^ x? ngiv/On» tu? cb ab
i*^ng ku5ag dbag abSt . cSo tbe gja do t l ^ ^x^
xu8t biga
(tlbu kign
s , blnb cbStr oùa bQ oburvoa nba l o j l TB^J 9 bi^a
te'Q'ag at^bi^b -'àj j^amb d i p . • .
ifóm l-)b7 Liu Jion «ila / 9-- / dbag If tL>u.y8t bfin c6
dlc^n dt^ Oigbl^a oS?u ànb ucVag cùa où8t uSp tuy bao jub« iDa
obé v ^ piafit oua l&:5er cb a^ii ti*i^?8?ng bo^t cbSt I b ofic nguyt5a
T
ti? bai m^o nàng lt?g^« l'fic f.:là n;.:Oa ism d^.i B\S pby tbU'^
ouj d t c b obuy^a bgn giira oSc ciiS dg pbSt dfeng k b i t b ^ d^i
oSc tujm sb óa t b i 8 t o:^. •
i-iaEl'tod vb fc?oi*l3Ve / €^ / ?^bào sfit b*^bng cilng bt?c?ne
quonf^ bpc Qìì&a ai,il tr^?ị^^ kbSou dpi i^?g^ wb r^ag dbag abfit
vb ngàn bSp tby • JUt^ 1$ i;wu.yÉt otn eh dlSn cSo tSo g i à da
ab^n A?g»c *?bc rigbigni d&ng cùa bubng ogag bu'c^tiR vbng vb bubag
o^ag bu'&ag F a o r y - t e r o t troivi p i S i i^^a Dc^ple kbi tba ab
bubng cg^ig iiuvog trbiiCj v**l tbn ;ÌÌ8 giu'a cùa V|icb nguyCm tè»
'i^lis fìuvc ofic tr^ag t&t dtea^^, I b bbi/i ^.bu8o4* d^l cùa tabi tris^og
xSc di.ab d.g-c agu^'ag cu& i.Jl cui* l a s ^ r ktil ,
OiiX**iiiouùol / ^4 / cuag da iitmi, Xf ttiuySo aby dtì kbào
s S t t l a b Vb5ng d^Jag da nodo trong cbc bubng ojag buwig sbog
dftng cbfta cì*3t bSi; tiu';. bTìo uba cb in^b :s^^rìi: S^ac abSt» '2&o
g i à kbào efit
to^^
tfic c^a i:;v':^;:; "tigr. tft y^^
v $ t obSi; vb
Oiil r a rfing , !rbSc vW l a s e r vbng, t^ic ì^;i?aG óa Ci^tog d^
tBPoag iQsez' tbSag r^^y tbugc vbo v | te-I v?it LSO tì.y , Kbi
k l c b t b l o b bubag o§a(^ bif*ì3g bSag ijfio xg dcm sfio cb tSa e 8
kbSo tbn n8 cgag b i ^ g tt^, cb VLO oè^ng nbgn dtóife cb8 ct§ ta^
m^ob c^ag C uelf-paL»atloa ) • Kbi klcb t b l o b bSng tbn a8
trbag y&l tba s 8 cgag u:r/ag t b l ab^^a '^
CH/ba / 31 / •
+ +
•£rdn dtìy CLI I b isgt sS v i dy ijgtJ dan r a dS ob&ag a i n b
t l a b bigu 1 ^ cùa 1^ tuuyét Lmib ts?oag l a s e r vb Lbii» Gbfiag
t o i ob nb^a xSt obung Ib kbi g i à i cSc bbi toSn ijsén , bbu
bSt cSo tSo g i à abu dbag pbfip gSa dfing kbi ooi trt?6?ng I b
sbng pbSng djim sfic. Vigo x é t dSn pbun 08 Gauss oùa triJ^ag
diga tt? trong bbi toSa LòA bfiag 1^ tbuy8t L£Rab s e v8p pbài
kbb kbaa vb m$t t l a b toSa • ^a cfi tSo g i à abo g i à i quydt
bbi toSa nb^ ragt cScb toag quSt • Duy ablon, o b i cb x é t
d8a d^oQ pbeiO ob Gauss cùa tri??>>ag tiJL m&i ob tiè
iAm di^g^o
cSo k 8 t qua pbb b(/p vfi^i tMi^o agbiea um so v 6 l tn^fi^ng bgp
sfiag pbaag •
•
Uroag luga Sn aby Cbfiag t ò i coag OLÌ i^y vpag g i a i
quySt ^ g o mgt sC tn?f?ag t^gp oy oLa oùa bbi toSn UBA kbi
t i n b ct8a putìa oC dfag uauss oùa urtiftag d i ^ tfe, Bb I b a\i
kbào s S t ISA troag tru??ag bgp cSo uubag c^ag bL?o>ng ob e So
©iOttg pblng vb agb^cb dào dg t^lob luy cùa mói tru'ị'ae kbuSob
d^i vb bSp tby Ib kL:>ag dbag ab8t tiioo nU?cmg agang (Ux^ng
tf / 100
/ ) vh troag tru'ò'iig u^
oubng osJag U ' o ^ vbng
ob cSc g».?iHng obu nuJng g i à t b l 8 t mbi tn?ftng boba tuba dbng
abSt • x f (3b obfiag tfti ob tue xSo djnb c^vc ànb uvyng oùa
*c
bfio k l a b trong oùa flag l a s e r , bSa k l a b gi^t^g cbu , v^. t3?l
cùa bai nsàn kbu6cb d^i vb bSp tby»»»lf3a uiga ti^g?ag vB ^
'Snido kbi xfit d8n pbaa b8 Gauss cùa ùruCpag, dbu t i S n
obfiag t 5 i dbag 1^ tbuy8t La?!ib do kbào s S t UÓA kbl vfti. sbng
-*-*— *-^ 1...A-- *
bubng cgag uj?rmfi y^nn; D5 tlm blou
- 22
-
hnki LiXfoe oua fai^u fong " t f o Lfio " lon Loft d§ae Q »
B
D6 1& vSa c3S m ofio cSo g i à tou'6« day e t ó e '18 oyp t
