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SKKN ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin và truyền thông đa phương tiện trong dạy học lịch sử ở trường THCS Lý Tự Trọng – TP Huế

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ỨNG DỤNG CÔNG NGHỆ THÔNG TIN VÀ TRUYỀN THÔNG ĐA
PHƯƠNG TIỆN TRONG DẠY HỌC LỊCH SỬ Ở TRƯỜNG THCS
LÝ TỰ TRỌNG – TP HUẾ
I.Đặt vấn đề:

  !"#$%%&'(%
)*+  %,#$-.
/0121%34
5'$# ,6748*#' 9
3'#$:;/<;%= -
1#$,67<>?#@2AB/(
'BC+D*
II. Cơ sở phương pháp luận của việc ứng dụng truyền thông đa phương tiện
trong dạy học lịch sử:
1. Dạy học lịch sử là quá trình truyền thông mang tính đặc thù:
E%,:,B-%,%/,F
B/B%1,B%->
#<:=*+G4%H?I-%,&
%%/5$5);%8
1%3J;;%8?#
5%#<K*LB'-%
4=%>%)2=:#<8;1%
3J;%81%3*M8
4#$5 >2##J;1%3
4:,-*NO8-#<8P
4>)1%3G:,1%3= *M(3truyền
thông là sự chuyển tải thông tin từ một hoặc một nhóm đối tượng này đến một
hoặc một nhóm đối tượng khác nhằm cung cấp kiến thức, thay đổi nhận thức và
cải biến hành vi của con người*Q>#%'(%,3=
 %,(.R,1%3= ==4
,5@#,;>%84J;>1%


3= 12*S#T1%3,67(F
& ,#$1%3#:UV*W,67,1%
3P3#>3!"(1%/#<8;'$
# ,67:,P'1%/>1%/XFP
'Y1%/>B<$5-
,*C4%%4G:,1%3PZ#/
3[A[2B</[A421
)=;$5*\)=4A);'$# ,67,%
@B,67*Q>'>B
<,678]%E#2%,67#$%:%$
%%,67*L,#=G -
2%8;9;%3'#F
B:-,4#$5-5>
2'2X^5, =_*+:3,`4812
;%aB#:2#) 4/P
3#>'$# ,67*\B>1%3,6712P
]4#;%#>::2AB
//P*
2. Truyền thông đa phương tiện và những ưu thế vượt trội:
-= -^##E##_,#$%##
)A#]@*N1%#a4
=%>)2=?R= -:,
1%3>2 '?@#32@#
32^4>,883_*E'%%;@#
8/bB#%:;cbA#deef^#6_I+F,
,'$ghi3)fhi3E*L
jhi3)Ek5,8lhi)
EB#$%XF*K*8-(;5,
1%32(F& P4>)
,679-=5'2E,F4;

]%#$:-#:[^'2X2-X_
ZZ12` #/$;`)4
18*4E##,'2X-X$
^E,_2#Z$
,F4;%832A;%E#`A,8*m 
,#=P`#$'] :B
$-/PB%E#XFZ@
/#%E#*noV#$,P=
-= `PF :
%,@-*
III. Thực trạng và giải pháp:
1. Thực trạng dạy học lịch sử và sự cần thiết phải ứng dụng công nghệ thông
tin:
LP!4(8,67,#$# UV*m/,67,
/=1%/*+4!"%A#
A#B#:,@-*p8]'$# J0B/
2%4#$%5$
"#Z#3*M842A;C+DJ
87<-1>P%,#$
8Z,67*,P4%-1<
<,67J=*q-Y,Y
 V*7,):<=5'2XP4>r6
#$=?5'2X2,67#<XV
M$%<%, ;%'*M848%
:1%0 >7<B#:4#$5'2XJ#@
a/(%%^sX$([p8(,l_*
+%2(%%#ZJ-X'$>
#,3] 4*D8]U;'$# 6
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- %/8] >8/P

B*
2. Một số giải pháp mang tính định hướng cho quá trình ứng dụng công nghệ
thông tin và truyền thông đa phương tiện trong dạy học lịch sử ở trường
THCS Lý Tự Trọng – TP Huế
4AE/< 
 ,#$2%:,6F>214
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,67aJU=4AR
t/)3$;%8^U',F,&_JU
=*t/:#Z#'6J1%*t/'
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/<J#:)u12#, *cUVJ
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(FC+DsHvqC)&'/
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>#*D@# 3:>#,1%3a%
[A/<%8%*m12#$A#:>#
P !4#$$G'/<  '
27*+J#Z#'6G 4P7,#
#$'%=>%2'0:#Z#%
-^#%:xE_#Z#<
X'6%^2'2X'2<y_3`
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4>7<)2%# F,7<,8
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Z` J,*Q5'$# ,67a%
8%%%%%,8#EEP J
&'%7<%]#=#->9,:,*
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<;%= -E# 3;'2@*
3. Quy trình soạn một giáo án điện tử có sử dụng thủ pháp truyền thông đa
phương tiện:
D@,132#$',6747<;%= 
-^s67zddRLQ+X\FQt=s8]
{_
a. Bước chuẩn bị tài liệu:tCác phần mềm được sử dụngRq|Eqghhf^>
'2_kq}#^>4%,%32_k^>9,:
%32_k||#E#E^>Z%#_^ 
%]#=#'(34:~%=7<
-2*•H64>7<%]#=#%4 A_
tCác tư liệu cần cho bài giảngR6'2%,]
#$#=Q8C Csk-X='$
#%LF=s8,X=$%55*
tCách tìm và xử líRP4>%%#8%
|E'=3^**kE,E*k**y_# 
%4=ICs€K;\\d*+%32
,X\L#P4>3##8|||*E,*#*
•Xử lí phimRPV‚cc^||#E#E_>
#32@#V'2*Y#
% !g#$I'%;
QKI CsK*
•Xử lí ảnh:%32P3#F4:0$@
2)82Vq}#>4,*ƒ>#;]#=#,
4,32a '6„*L,'2X3P8V
-3q>%:>'4'2X
@#*
…Lưu ýR8U)2%32,#>2'2q|Eq

#$#<8#%:*M(3 ,#B
3%#` >6O32O2#<*
b. Bước thiết kế bài giảng điện tử:
t8-(%%P4>%H(%%7
E#$3%',8,*E#2P
84#$,E:4%,8%,E]*S,E
:,E]84%P,81=:>
P%8;$-1%3=>*M2; X#4
dj,EE# 3^#2<,<_
tm%%E# 3],HR:;%%:
,=-;'2*Y:%>#<,],>6Y
]8-(4P4>,8%,E]1=
:>4>$'*Q5-X,X
PG>6Y]EH(;F*
c. Bước lên lớp giảng dạy thực tế:
tQ]8%88$-B'?#$@4;,!<^:
<RW@2'7y_U#$B6=#<:;
,67>@/P(#3F*tm@>#'
G]8@0-%2,F>1%/
G*
t:R†%8>6Y]Y#<51%3
'2E*Y4%8,8%<4/@0$
Y]U#2'2Xy
tDa3#>'%87<@0Z
#>%%#/$/;U7<,X
3',^'24"';#$B%#$'
5#$$y_>%%[A*t+5V,]‡'6
'#R†%82U%8]<>a2
1%8]*
* Khi giảng dạy cần lưu ý:

•L8Z;7<1R8)=E#
#U-X'2Xy8-(4P%P
,B*L,#,3,#P9#:)
# E#,12'*
•Q>8127<%#@#^ 4@#_-
X'2Xy,F4;%82,=%/>8@#
832, ]"*
IV. Kết luận:
Việc ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin với thủ pháp truyền thông đa phương
tiện đối với môn lịch sử ở trường THCS đang được thí điểm và bước
đầu đã thu được những hiệu quả đáng kể. Qua quan sát ở tiết dạy này
và thông tin điều tra thu được có 100% học sinh trả lời đúng các câu
hỏi trắc nghiệm cuối bài; học sinh trình bày lại được 90% nội dung
diễn biến của cuộc kháng chiến chống Tống (981) ngay tại lớp; 100%
học sinh cảm thấy có hứng thú khi được học theo mô hình này. Điểm
hạn chế của mô hình này là một số học sinh không ghi chép kịp các nội
dung chi tiết trên màn chiếu.
Như vậy, thực hiện mô hình nêu trên chúng ta đã khắc phục được nhiều hạn
chế của việc dạy học lịch sử với phương pháp và phương tiện truyền
thống và đã tạo ra một số hiệu quả tích cực. Tuy vậy cũng không có
phương pháp và phương tiện nào là vạn năng, mỗi phương pháp,
phương tiện đều có ưu điểm và nhược điểm của nó. Để thực hiện mô
hình ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin có hiệu quả hơn nữa chúng tôi cần
sự góp ý của quý thầy cô và chuyên gia về lĩnh vực này.
+CƒˆL†d
‰L†•Š€L\‹Q‰{cŒ{qCƒˆL†qC•q
WŽpC•+s•+CD‘Snƒ’L†nŠL†C•+qC‰C“L†
\Œ{D”C•n–+—€+“L†L†C˜C“L†{L



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L+L= ,#$ %>
G'!>Y98 98
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%<5)*\3B>/<+L&#-%
@),4,6748P]
5)%B%#-'2@R
…+  R
BI+  K%8'Z]7<Y
2B8eh;9NN];E€Z,
{™#E,v{*L4>,I/< 12
,H7,H K,I7<#%:]#=##%:>
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A#ehRI+  ,B%-%
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" ?#&/%7<412%X
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F!$K*
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8  = U',  
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47<% <7#%:##
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F=4>1#%3/Rœt
#,2,B^_"^™#_$2Ey*
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8+L= <>, #[BX[B
# 0 :%y/œvsE.'&)5
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8 c,#E=F& "
-G$BV2A(:
;YF*/'œvsE`()=
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(MZcb,@•J(@•^'X#2\L#_3
/< :-#9(]*
…†%%7M27R
m+L= /<$!%,[;F

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7<&'R7^œv#,_%7^œv'_,
7^œvsE_%%7^œvsE,_'27
^œvsEE_y8%BOœv#,œv'y
#F5)%>")B37<B
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48o%'; ;]%CD(8,X
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;#$,8,JI'2K,'24*
L)%Y‡#/<+L&#
-%=%81#I'8/
/#K28%]#=#^F,]#=#q|Eq_,
I%%7KUI'27K*EP %8 8
X)%#3$#%#;P%4
,:2'(,:R
/)I%%7KI'27K,@;1%3
(F& =4.;#%:% <
-*4>#$8,.;
+L%824‡'6Y^(_2'$
$;#38%D,E3;#%:4,
I%%7K*m&/B8,%87<
'2)'$$2;#3!-3
4#$%>>,$F.;% <

-VA,&/<#544]
@12'v4,I'27K*LBI%%7K
,'26'2;%8!‡'6Y^(_'&
`"8,JI'27K,3/8,
 1I%%7K4.;% <-
%8B<#$%,#=#w%V%-
%=512*
/PX)%#I%%7KI'2
7K`"@$B=%8?4>
I%%=5KB#:)Zv'2E%,X
V1%2J;%8@&/=>
$B/;*\3#/!,~8
#%:8,%89])$3D,EX
I,K$)8#3O^$!
%8%#%8%D,E(_*Q@,#$1#
,]#  Y'0,5=5I]J
OK#J%#$-%#-,I]:
$K>IJ3JOK*
LBI'27K^# ,67_,3/'
28,=54.;%-7^#%
:5qxE%'67%y_P%8
%-'%=5>&/
$B/$,B4]@12'*
g*LU;v,67F3/
,67(FCq4.;+L*
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#<8B*\31%3,67(F& 
:,1%35)'/$;]$
;J*] 9IK^a/
4:%<_#JIJ%K%E#'7<
-%B312)*W[8V,
;>;$69;^YF]_
%;%E#, #:%;$/ '6$
B/*:%</,41%3B/
%<YF]>%>=/:>#[,
$^E1>#F,5;Q2L= %%<
w1'$# ,67_*
\=>>2%%14#3
1%3B221#$1%3B/:%
8a=>2@E,B>#&;s8=
F'/;B/4RIY1$
YYY"Kv4,F'
/;B/@,:;B/%1K^…_*LB
/;B,67(F& GB*
8!r63/,67#I:1%/KI:
 ,U,K8B/;%E# >'Z]YI1
$K5%# 8*L4%
 >'Z]'?I2#%K 1%%1
E>F#473#y1%/#2IZ#%
,67<>>8'>,67@K*+P4>
3-XF3/,67(F
Cq1-XR




^…_+4,,+   ,^{™#
+##E,v{+_*
^…_NE#%'R•2,:7<%%7?#@
),(@#LtMZ†*:
†%<5djlghhz;C\AM3kL8/@%
X,7>.'27]1
# \B,:(FC+D*m9C$2Iž<+L
= &#-%@),%<K*C
%ddghhz;s8Q3Ck\O=1%3&#-%
(\L#ghA#1*m9C$2IQ&#-%
(%F#$BK*CL$%jghhe
;L 6Wy
^……_qLs8^+;'8_*q-%,67*Bg*L)
'2QD#*CL$*ddj
^…_sD4>,U,4,“sự lặp lại trên cơ sở không lặp lại”/,%
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9N{NA#dedl#/$@-*

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YA#dešjA#ghhh4>5]s6
7\L#YA#dedeA#ghhh*8/,67(,dg
-3@`-=E#8:'$
# 4=3#>[=,67*
Y1,BB/=%1B/UV;
1B# ,67!PP>?%8 
'65=-%9IK,O#=
8# <#3)4APB
/P1%/%E#"-3I4K,67*
Q>:,G Y/,67;%1!
,67YB1%3B,67;J<U
8#=4A*SF& -'2;#$5
# 4>,U,U,=,]51%3*\:
 /%# %%:## 
\B,:2/# C4y,U,U,=,]
;5#$%8*L# ,67
%#,674,81P42
#$,] J,U,*+r'ddI@•FB
3K(,dhCq^-3‡_%@BM*Qtt-+*
+ t, #t' \t -†t#q*ctEt,Q8t%t-yU%
#BIq%6,:KIn)$KIq\A4
<KI+2% %Ky9P#$,]
' Z,*Q=@4A)6
/;*
\3B7<XV14/<+L&#
-%,67(F& 48,]*Q@,
#$'%1>F3
/,673E=%<3Iehi, Y
'8!, 1#ZK*

g*g+F3/,67(FCq4.
;+L
Y%<¡*m#EtFmZ^,+$J
DO_!8,88Z4:5*5
%8Z# :1,8]*E 
` 4:F%#4 42#%>
4/Z)62V-%1*
E128/;qJ:#15MEE,
cE^c[_3$'=/;F %`,dhi^_ghi
^E_fhi^3_jhi^,#_zhi^2,B_U'B
# F -3$'=;/;F
%,ehi*+%:#=%<G)1%3
B/1%%1,di^#_dji
^F_fji^7_ddi^E_lfi'?-1Ev3*
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Phủ để xây dựng tập đoàn cứ điểm mạnh nhất Đông Dương? Sự hùng mạnh của
tập đoàn cứ điểm Điện Biên Phủ được biểu hiện như thế nào?”^,dgCqv
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3#>'8`P%E#>?J 1
,;1@@L!16@QM8q;B
/>#V#)B*Q=)%YB
6RQM8q;,#$,G$,'1,XPV
,,“chìa khóa”>'2s#,%V!
#)(@MZ\L#*Q5
\c-@1%B-63YP>#(8`
4Ak,P94>7<,,2d, 
>7<%¤,V,Z#,%zj##kr#
)'q%`"#(#$F%syYB6
P¤;c[q%!@QM8q;#$B
/>#V#še/>#,#f@,,@
MZ@@#@cF*\51@,
d *ghhF,'6,G:)82q%
c[=B6RQM8q;,#$“pháo đài bất khả xâm phạm”.
8-(>o,:3q%vc[,QM8q;>@B
/>#V#'>=V#;4G
3%#B#RCứ điểm Điện Biên Phủ là gì?L
B/<+L&#-%,67:<
88!>#51'/=FB/;CD
Y“trực quan sinh động”^B/2#:_“tư duy trừu tượng”^B
/,::_* S@F1%32$E2
,67#2%=F ;F
:,]2AB/;%E#-*\=>#
=%<,67!)#R“Nội dung của các hình ảnh lịch sử,
của bức tranh quá khứ càng phong phú bao nhiêu thì hệ thống khái niệm mà HS
thu nhận được càng vững chắc bấy nhiêu”.QXF7<,

XV14,81-[B 94
]'>,67<>#82'=#J
“đi sâu vào bản chất sự kiện, nêu đặc trưng, tính chất của sự kiện”*
L/<+L3/
,67J,#F(8$ '6 w, 
5#B:;$%E#$-
 :B2#%*Q@,=2/
,67#$%1214%<%>
@),'$# *
3. Vai trò, ý nghĩa của việc ứng dụng CNTT vào đổi mới phương pháp, nâng
cao chất lượng DHLS ở trường THPT.
,67(F& U;'$# “tính đặc
thù”FB/,67;87<XV
1,“nguyên tắc cơ bản của lí luận dạy học”*m 2a
8#= 38/';%%<,6
7F!:a1>#;¡*€*+ #E=]27
<:321R“Lời nói là cái vỏ ngoài, sự thật là
cái thật ở trong. Lời nói là cái áo khoác ngoài, sự thật là thân thể. Nghiên cứu sự
thật không thể chỉ dựa vào những cái mà người khác quan sát và chứng minh,
mà phải dựa vào những cái mà chính mắt mình nhìn thấy, tai mình nghe được,
…”*ž<+L&#-%@),
,67(FCqG ?#8Z)*
Trước hết, đối với giáo viên:D7<+L,67`Y
'@3$8# [A<#7< 
-[B*L%%8
A'2^‚_U%%78]#=#q|EqF
8`P%843[A[27< 
),%-'2-%'2
@'2X%7„83/>$
@#F,8%D,E'2^CE,_ycU%

F4:A“lưu văn bản”;#%:^E_8%89]
2'2#$,]X%A#a<7<
=9,VH(#*F%8,#
#%:GO,A'2#F>“khi nào có thời
gian thì soạn thảo tiếp”*Q@,>#&'B;+L4.Z,
%8@‡'6'(#-%'2;
 @ 4*
m',678,4/<+L4G#F
2%8),$47<=
#82FBU<>4,67*M3F7<
%,-1=5%8`58##$5F
)6#12


, '?7<+L*\:7<'/2,674
:0%825,a1%7
<,XEF%82#) EU,B8'>`
-XX6,678'2E3%8G#)%=3F
4$‡%:‡##[, *L,%8/
<+L‡'6'2(Y 
8,`PP¤)2-2-)=F
#5#:1‡##[,*,67(
F& )#$8,2]J94šjP
 2%84;šjP>&/3#>'
#R%82&6B,]F#)2dvgPX>#
'G#)YjzP,&/>#B/;CD5
Fv;5'#)2jP*LBF%8
a8//##.942fjP
P/<+L3`##$2F
%>=CD,#=-*S@%89]

I)$K>3a%$/
I‡K#.328358`48
#3,;>CD2,1%*L#G8>$F
B=#$B%) U-X4%#5F
1<>45]#828#3,„#E,F
3'$;%8`4%$,@#,:%E#
2#)B/P-12/5-*\U
;'$# G>#&'B;+L= %
84>/< &#-%v
Y'@),'$# (=3/%@%
1%3*
Q5Rm,674.;+L`
4]'>'X¤/,#P8#>
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7>4>YB/I2#:KB/I,::K
%E#24'>,67t32=
2%4O)>3)*
D7<+LB12%-%%`
P%85 *
\:'df#<gI+:%;&5c[n-EK(
,ddCq^-3‡_%87<IM/-F# 
2+:%#K@8]#=#q|Eq>a
%/I‡K83*†%8a1%
#82'/3 1#$5@0HRM/34,8=3Ÿ
F&,X'/3,c[Ÿœ#4B
O3=+:%#;n-EŸ
D2,F@0%'%'&%8BO5
,$/,67#'/32%RI+$;2

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