Nghiên cứu quy hoạch môi trường cấp huyện, ứng dụng cho các huyện đặc trưng (Thường Xuân, Thọ Xuân, Hậu Lộc) của tỉnh Thanh Hóa báo cáo quy hoạch môi trường huy152244

DAI HOC QUOC
GIA
HA
NO!
1.,
.
TRUdNG
DAI
HOC KHOA HOC
TUNHIEN
DE
TAITRONG
DIEM CAP DAI HOC QUOC
GIA
NGHlfeN Ctru
QUY HOACH
M6I
TRI/CING
CAP
HUY$N,
tlNG
DUNG
CHO CAC
HUYfeN
DAC
TRUNG (THlTOlNG
XUAN,
THO XUAN,
HAU LOG)
ClJA TINH
THANH HOA

BnO CnO
CHUV€N
D€
BAO
CAO QUY HOACH QUY HOACH
MOI TRU&NG HUYEN THlTOTNG
XUAN DEN NAM
2020
ThS.
Iran Thien
Ci/dng
Tri/dng
Dai hoc Khoa hoc
Tif
nhien
V
A
HA
NOI,
2007
DAI
HOC
QUOr -;-;/ -,^,
fjr_.
'-•'j .' -'J
^7_
?ii
I. PHAN
TiCH,
DANH GIA

HlfiN
TRANG TAI
NGUYfiN,
KINH
Tl^
- XA
HOI
VA
MOI
TRUONG
HUYfiN THirdNG
XUAN
LI.
Di^u
kien
tir
nhien
va
kinh te xa hoi huyen
Thudmg
Xuan
Thucmg
Xuan la huyen
a
phia
lay
nam tinh Thanh Hoa, cd dien tich L105,8
km2,
; bao
g6m 1 thi

train (Thudng
Xuan
-
huyen
li),
19 xa (Bat Mot, Yen Nhan, Xuan Khao, Xuan Lien,
Xuan Le, Van Xuan,
Xufin
My. Luong Son, Xuan Cao, Luan Thanh, Luan Khe, Xuan
Thang,
Xuan Ldc, Xuan
C^m,
Xuan Duong, Tho Thanh, Ngoc Phung, Xuan Chinh, Tan Thanh). Huyen
ly Thucfng
Xuan
each
thanh
phd
Thanh Hoa 52 km va each thi
Iran
Lam Son 6 km deu ve phia
Tay. La huyen trong
diim
phat
tri^n
lam nghiep va cd h6
chiia Ihuy
dien Cua Dal, nhung cd nhieu
khd khan trong thu hut vdn
d^u

tu phat
Irien.
Dudng giao
ihdng
di
lai
cac xa trong huyen con
nhieu khd khan. Day la huyen cd dien tich
Idn
ciia
tinh
Thanh Hoa,
giS
vi the' quan trong trong
kinh
te'
ddi ngoai vdi
nude
Lao va
tinh
Nghe An.
Thudng Xuan la huyen cd dieu kien khi hau va
ihdi liet
thuan
loi
cho phat Irien nong lam
nghiep nhu:
»
Nhiet rfd.Tong nhiet
dd

nam
8.300
-
8.500°C.
Nhiet
dd khong
khi trung
binh
nam 23 -
24*',
nhiet dd tha'p nha't tuyet ddi xud'ng de'n
2^C.
Nhiet do cao nhat tuyet ddi chua qua
40'*C.
Luang
mi(a:
long
lugng
mua trong nam la 1600 - 2000mm, phan bd mua trong nam khong
deu, mua mua bat dau
tijf ihang
V den thang X, chiem tu
6*^
- 80% l6ng luong mua ca nam. Cac
ihang
cd luong mua
Idn nha'l
:
itr
thang VII den thang IX thudng gay

lu lut cue
bo, cac thang cd
luong mua tha'p
tCr
thang XII cho tdi ihang II nam sau, thudng gay han han.
Do dm khong khi:
im
do trung
binh
nam 85 - 86%, thang cd do
am
cao nhat la ihang IV
khoang9i%, thang tha'p nha'l la thang XI va XII: 80
-
83%
Luang hoc hai: long luong bdc hdi 761 -895%mm/nam. thang VII cd
lirong
bdc hoi
Idn
nha'l la:
131mm;
thang II, thing III cd luong bdc hoi tha'p nhat 40 - 43 mm.
Gio:
cd 2 hudng gid chinh:gid mua Dong Bac
tir
thang X den thang IX nam sau va gid mua
Dong Nam
tir
thang IV de'n thang IX. Ngoai ra con cd gid Tay
kho

nong
x.^n
ke vdi gid
miia
Dong Nam.
Thudng Xuan cd he
ihdng
sdn^
chinh la song Chu bao
gdm
cac nhanh: Song Khao, song
Dan, song Dat. Ngoai ra con cd song Am chay doc theo ranh gidi 2 huyen Thucmg Xuan va Ngoc
Lac vdi long chieu dai cua he Ihdng song sudi tren 1000 km, dien tich
hnx vuc
>I000km^,
long
luong ddng chay nam la
1.276.448.10^
m^
La nguon
cung
cap
nude doi dao
cho nhu cau sinh
boat, san
xual
ciia mot bo phan dan cu trong huyen \'a
viing
ha
luu.

*
Tdi
nguyen
dat:
Nhdm dat xam: dien tich 96.725,65 ha,
chiem
89.84%.
Nhdm dal
nay
elm
yeu phan bd d
niii
cao
Nhdm da't dd: dien
lich
3.392,78 ha, chiem 3,15%. Nhdm nay
pliaii
bo
o
ddi nui
ihap,
chu
yeu la nong lam ket hop vdi trong xen
Nhdm dal tang mdng, dien lich 5.327,97 ha. chiem
'^.96%.
Nhdm dat
n;i\
phan bd d do doc
khong cao lam, do che
phii ihap

nen thudng bj rua
tioi,
xdi
:i;on.
"^
Tdi
nguyen
rihig:
Theo so lieu ihdng ke quy hoach dat dai,
Thirdng
Xuan
liien c 0
S/
236,34 ha rung,
tiong
dd: Rimg trong: 6.368,44 ha; Rimg tu nhien: 50.885,90 ha;
V'an\
cay
pi^mg:
'!,00
ha.
Trfl
luong
gd
rihig
thudc
huyen Thucmg
XuSm
udc tinh khoang 1,13
irieu

m\
Trong dd,
trfi
luong
rilmg
tu nhien c6 0,69 trieu
m^
trfl luong gd
rimg trdng
cd khoang 0,4
m^
va cd
31.430
trieu
cay
tre
niia chi^m sd
luong con lai.
Thudng Xuan c6 ddng vat tu nhien hoan da da dang va phong phu. Hien con 55
loai
Ihii,
8
bd, 25 ho. Cac loai thu
Idn
nhu:
Bo
tdi,
Nai, Sdi, Ga'u ngua, Gau cho, bd
linh
Irudng,

khi
mat dd,
khi
mat vang,
khi
mat
trang,
culi
w Trong 55 loai thu cd 20 loai
ducfc
ghi trong sach dd.
Thii
he
chim cd tdi 136 loai,
11
bd, 29 ho
gdm
ga
rtoig,
ga Ldi trang,
Hdng
hoang v,v.
* Tdi nguyen nuac:
Nude
mat:
Vdi he Ihdng sdng sudi tu nhien
ciing
vdi cac h6 dap, luong mua
Idn
tao ra

ngudn
nude mat
ddi dao. Hang nam longluong
nude
ddng chay sdng sudi tu nhien cung ca'p 2.200 trieu
m^
nude.
Do dia
hinh
bi chia cat
nhi6u nen
phan bd nude khdng ddng
d^u
trong loan huyen: cd noi du thira,
cd noi
thie'u
va
IrS lucmg
phu thudc theo
miia.
Hien tai trong loan huyen cd tdi 25 ho chua
nude
vdi dien tich 54,22 ha, 39 dap da't, dap da va dap
xay
vdi 48,9 ha va he ihdng kenh muong
ludi
lieu phuc
vij
ddi sdng va trong trot. Hien nay, tai huyen Thudng Xuan dang xay dung ho chua
nude

ihuy
lai,
ihuy
dien
Cira
Dal ngan ddng sdng Chu vdi dien tich long ho 38
km^
Trong luong
lai theo quy hoach bac thang
Ihuy
dien
iren
sdng Chu thudc dia ban huyen Thucmg Xuan con xay
dung them
mdl
hd chira
nude
khai thac
ihuy
dien khac, nam d phia tren Cua Dat.
Nude
ngdm:
Ngudn nude ngam d Thudng Xuan tuong ddi phong
phii,
d cac khu
virc ihung
lung do sau
tir
2
met trd

len
da cd xual hien
nude
ngam. Tuy nhien trfl luong nude ngam chua duoc xem xet va
danh gia cu the trong cac
chuang Irinh
nghien
ciiu
nao.
*
Tdi nguyen khodng sdn:
Thudng Xuan cd nhieu loai khoang san: md
Ihiec
Ngoc Phung, md Caolanh d Dd'c Cay -
Luong Son va Luan Thanh, dat set
lam
gach d Ngoc Phung, Xuan Duong, Tan Thanh, Thach anh
d Xuan Le, da vdi trfl luong
Idn
d cac xa Xuan Cao, LuanKhe, Luan Thanh, Tan Thanh, Xuan Ldc,
Van Xuan, Xuan My, Bit Mot
Bang
LI:
Mot so loai hinh khodng sdn huyen Thudng Xuan
TT Ten
qu^ng
Cao Lanh
Quang Dong
Quang Sn va Sb
Dja

diem
Lang Cay, xa
Luong Son; Ben
Den xa Tho Thanh
xa Luong Son
Trfl
lirang
1.000.000
tan
Chua xac dinh trfl
luong
Thudng Xuan
Da quy (Thach anh, xa Xuan Le
Topa, Berin)
Set lam gach Xuan Duong
Cat sdi Tho Thanh
Da vdi Xuan My
Bit Me, Thi
Iran
khoang 38.000 tan
Sn va Sb
Dang khai thac
2ha
Chua khai thac
Chua khai thac
Chua xac dinh tru Khai thac tu phat
luong
Nhi^u
3,5 ha
Nhieu

1,0
ha
12,30 ha
1,0
ha
Thucmg Xuan la huyen
mi^n
nui thua dan cua tinh Thanh Hoa, theo so lieu dieu tra dan sd
nam
2003,
huyen Thucmg Xuan cd 88.600 nhan
kh^u
bao
gdm
cac dan tdc: Thai, Mudng, Kinh
phan bd trong 19 xa va
mdt
thi
tr^n.
Ca
CSLU
kinh
i6:
lam nghiep chiem 40% (trdng que, tu bd
rflng,
khai thac lam dac san,
riimg
qu^
n6i tieng; ndng nghiep chiem 30% (trdng
liia,

san, mia, ngd,
Chan nudi: trau, bd, de); dich vu
- tilu
thu cdng nghiep: 30%. Binh quan luong thuc/ngudi: 234
kg/nam.
Tdc dd tang
trudng
GDP dat xa'p xi 6,4%/nam (2,6 trieu
ddng/ngudi/nam).
Vi lam nghiep, thuc hien Chuang trinh 327 va 661 ciia Thii
ludng
Chinh phu,
di?n
lich
trdng rimg tap trung dat
4.299
ha, dua do che phu
rijmg
len
miic
65,5% (nam 2002). Den nay,
Huyen uy, Hdi ddng nhan dan, Uy ban nhan dan huyen va cac
cafp,
nganh xac dinh day la nganh
san xua't chinh cd tinh chien
lucre,
nen
san xua't lam nghiep ngay cang phat trien, tao lien de
vutig
chac

cho viec
chuy^n
dich ca ca'u kinh te.
V^
ndng nghiep: trong 5 nam
vijfa
qua, gia
Iri
san
xua'l
ndng nghiep tang binh quan 9,6%/nam. Nam 2002, dien lich gieo trdng tren loan huyen dat tren
10 nghin ha, bang 98,56 % nam 2001.
Tdng
san luong luong thuc (quy thdc) dat
20.113
la'n,
tang
9,9% so vdi nam
2001.
Trong dd, nang sua't vu chiem xuan dat 35,04 ta/ha; vu mua dat 35 ta/ha.
W6
Chan nudi huyen Thudng Xuan cd 20.500 con trau, dan bd 4.550, dan
Ion
cd 27.750 con. Ve
lieu
thii
cdng nghiep: Cac
lang
nghe
iruy^n

Ihdng nhu det tho cam, dan
lai
may tre, dan cdt dang
din duoc khdi
phiic
va
phii iri^n
da tao them cdng an viec lam cho ngudi
lao
ddng trong
luc
ndng
nhan. Tuy nhien, boat ddng
liiu
thu cdng nghiep cua huyen vin con nhd le.
W6
dich
vij
- thuong
mai,
mang ludi thuong mai duoc phan bd hop ly va deu
khip
tren loan huyen lai cic khu vuc
Ddng Mdi, Khe Ha, Bit Mot, Luong Son, Bii Don, Cac ca sd thuong nghiep, cic trung tam xa,
cum xa da cd cho va cic diem bin hang, lao nen mang ludi
ihuang
mai tir huyen de'n cic xa, tao
ddng chay trong luu ihdng hang hoi, kich
ihich
nen kinh te hang hoi

phii
trien, cai thien ddi sdng
nhan dan.
Ciing
vdi phit trien kinh le, trong nhung nam qua, ket cau ha tang cung duoc huyen
chii
trong dau tu, gdp phan lich
cue thiic
day kinh
te'
-
xa hdi huyen Thudng Xuan
phii
trien. Trong dd
Thudng Xuan dat vai
ird xay
dung ket cau ha ling va cac cdng trinh thuy loi la nhiem vu hang
diu, nham hudng tdi muc lieu hdi nhap va phit trien kinh te. Bang ngudn vdn cua Trung
uong,
cua
linh,
huyen va vdn ddng gdp cua nhan dan, hang chuc ly ddng da duoc buy ddng de
ihi
cdng
xay dung cic cdng trinh
phiic
loi nhu: tu
stra,
nang cap,
lam

mdi hang tram km dudng lien thdn,
lien xa; 3 tuyen dudng chinh trong huyen duac nang cap la: Bii Thuong di Bien Gidi; Tan Thanh
di Nam Xuan; Ddng Mdi di
Cira
Dal.
Tinh de'n nay, 100% sd xa, thi
Iran
da cd trudng trung hoc pho Ihdng, trung hoc co sd. Dac
biel
cd sd vat chat cua Trudng lieu hoc Ngoc Phung I, Trudng lieu hoc Xuan Duong da duoc xay
mdi vdi tri gii 1.049 trieu ddng. Huyen Thudng Xuan cd 6 Irudng lien lien cap
linh,
20 trudng
lien lien cap huyen. Chat luong day va hoc ngay mot nang cao. Cdng tic dao lao bdi dudng ngudn
luc da duoc
chii
trong nham nang cao trinh dd cho dpi ngu cin bo, quan ly, cin bd khoa hoc - ky
thual, v.v. Cdng tic y
le'du
phong thu duoc nhieu ket qua kha quan. Chuong trinh
liem
chung dat
96%
ke hoach. Chat luong cudc sdng cua ngudi dan duoc cai thien vdi
47,51%
sd dan duoc dung
nude
sach.
1.2. Hien trang moi trudng va
siJf

dung tai nguyen d huyen
Thiromg
Xuan
L2,L
Hien trang
sudiing
dat
Vdi dien tich
lU
nhien
110.505,86
ha, da't dai huyen Thudng Xuan theo ket qua kiem ke va
bao cao bien ddng dat dai thing 10 nam 2003 duoc chia thanh cac loai dat theo
miic
dich
sir
dung
sau:
•^
Ddi nong nghiep: Tong dien tich dat ndng nghiep nam 2003 la 6.877,05 ha, chiem
6,25%
dien tich tu nhien, duac phan bd cho cac ddi tuong
nhir
sau: Kinh te ho gia
dinh,
ca nhan
su dung: 6.082,85 ha, chiem 88,45% dal ndng nghiep. UBND xa, thi tran quan ly quy dat cdng
ich, khd giao,
d^t
ao hd mat

nude
ndng nghiep: 794,20 ha,
chi^m
11,55%
dSit
ndng nghiep. Binh
quan
daft
ndng nghiep nam 2003 cho mdt
khiu
ndng thdn 873 mVngudi (tinh 663
mVnguM).
Da't
ndng nghiep duac phan thanh cac loai nhu sau:
Dil
trdng
cay
hang nam: 5.091,37 ha, chiem
74,03%
so vdi da't ndng nghiep. Binh quan
dien tich da't cay hang nam tren
kh^u
ndng thdn 646
mVngudi.
Daft
trdng
lua,
lua
mau: diem ich 3.069,06 ha,
chie'm

60,28% so vdi da't canh tic, chiem
44,63%
so vdi da't ndng nghiep. Binh quan da't Ma,
liia
mau nam
2003:390m^/khiu
ndng thdn. Da't
lua duoc chia thanh cac loai rudng sau: rudng 3 vu dien tich: 30,00 ha, chiem 0,98% so vdi dat
lua.
Ilia
mau; rudng 2 vu dien tich: 2.367,26 ha,
chiim
77,13%
so vdi da't
liia,
liia
mau; rudng 1 vu
dien lich: 571,94 ha, chie'm 18,64% so vdi dat
liia,
liia
mau; rudng chuyen ma: 99,86 ha, chie'm
3,25%
so vdi da't
liia,
liia
mau
Da't nuong ray: 274,24 ha, chiem 5,39% da't canh tic nam
2003.
Trong dd: Nuong trdng
lua: 200,00 ha; Nuong ray khic: 74,22 ha

Da't trdng cay hang nam khic:
1.748,07
ha, chie'm
84,33%
so vdi dal canh tic (nam 2003)
Da't chuyen mau va cay cdng nghiep:
1.315,64
ha
Da't trdng
cay
hang nam khic con lai: 432.43 ha. Dat trdng
cay
hang nam khic
luy
dien
lich khdng
Idn,
nhimg
la loai da't san
xui't
ra nhieu loai ndng san cd gii tri lam nguyen lieu cho
nha miy che' bien nhu: mia, cic loai rau qua hiu nhu xa nao cung cd dal mau. Cic xa nhieu la:
xa Xuan Cao (207,37 ha), xa Tho Thanh (194,66 ha), xa it nhat la : Xuan Lien (17,21 ha), rdi den
thi
ira'n
(18,02 ha), Xuan Ldc (20,10 ha), Xuan Thang (32,00 ha)
Da't
vudn:
1.014,69
ha, chiem 47,76 % so vdi dien tich dat ndng nghiep. Day la dien tich

da't quanh nha cua cic hd trong khu vuc lh6 cu, cay trdng chu ye'u la cay
lau
nam, xen vao dd la
cay
hang nam va dang dan din duoc cai tao trdng cic cay cd gii tri cao ban.
Da't trdng cay lau nam: 42,37 ha, chiem 0,62% so vdi dien tich da't ndng nghiep, kha nang
khai thic kem hieu qua.
Dal cd
diing
vao chan nudi: 566,67 ha, chie'm 8,24% so vdi dien ich dal ndng nghiep, deu
do UBND cic xa quan ly. Xa Xuan My nhieu nha'l:125,33 ha, tiep theo la Van Xuan: 8533 ha,
Xuan Ldc: 62,88 ha. Cic xa khdng cd la: Luan Thanh, Ngoc Phung, Xuan Cao, Thi Tran, Xuan
Trinh, Xuan Duong, Xuan Lien, Yen Nhan. Dong cd
diing
vao chan nudi thudng la cac ddi cd,
ddng cd tu nhien duoc quy dinh la noi chan
iha
gia sue, hang nam khdng duoc dau tu, cai lao,
chat luong ddng cd kem, dien lich khdng on dinh, thudng bi cic cay trdng khic
Ian
bdl.
Dal cd mat nude nudi trdng
Ihuy
san: 161,95 ha, chie'm 2,35% so vdi dien lich da't ndng
nghiep: nudi ci: 130,55 ha; nudi trdng thuy san khic: 31,40 ha.
Dat lam nghiep: Da't lam nghiep cd rimg 57.256,34 ha trong dd khu bao tdn thien nhien
Xuan Lien quan ly dal cd rimg la 23.844,80 ha; lam
iruong
Sdng Dan: 6.606,70 ha; ban quan ly
rimg phong hd diu ngudn: 6.700 ha; UBND xa quan ly: 191,00 ha; hd gia dinh va ci nhan sir

dung: 19.913,84 ha. Rieng khu bao ton thien nhien Xuan Lien quan ly 27.848,20 ha, nhung trong
dd mdi cd rimg 23.844,80 ha. 50.885,9 ha, chie'm 88,87% so vdi dal lam nghiep. Dal lam nghiep
gdm:
Dal cd rimg san xual: 8.337,58 ha, chie'm 14,56% so vdi dal lam nghiep.
Da't cd rimg phong ho: 18.667,52 ha, chie'm 32,60% so vdi dal lam nghiep.
Dal cd rimg dac dung: 23.880,80 ha, chie'm
41,71%
so vdi dat lam nghiep.
Dat chuyen dung: Tdng dat chuyen diing
ciia
huyen la
1.718,39
ha, chia thanh;
Da't xay dung: Vdi dien tich la
217,02
ha,
chi^m
12,63%
dien tich da't chuyen dung. Ca
ca'u
da't xay dung
d
cac xa noi chung khdng
d^u
va duac sii dung ngay cang cd hieu qua, liet kiem
diing muc dich han.
Da't thuy
Igi
va mat
nude

chuyen dung: gdm kenh muong hd dap chuyen dung phuc vu
lay
nude
tudi,
tieu, dien
tich:
450,86 ha, chiem 26,24% so vdi dien tich da't chuyen dung. Dien tich
da't thuy loi duacchia theo cac loai cdng trinh nhu sau:Hd dap 103,12 ha, hiu
hel
nam d cic xa
trong huyen; Tram bam tudi, tieu: 166,87 ha. Cic xa cd tram bom la xa Xuan Duong, Tho Thanh,
Ngoc Phung; Kenh muong 150,887 ha, bang 5,82% dien tich dal canh tic.
Da't giao thdng: vdi t6ng dien tich la 686,07 ha chiem
39,93%
so vdi dien tich da't chuyen
diing,
bang 0,62% dien tich tu nhien loan huyen.
Da't giao thdng duoc chia thanh cic loai sau: Dudng Qudc
Id:
130,00 ha; Tinh
Id:
260,00
ha; Huyen
Id:
113,00
ha; Lien thdn, lien xa: 183,70 ha.
Da't di tich lich sir van hoa: gdm den thd, mieu mao dien lich 1,0 ha chiem 0,06% so vdi
dien lich da't chuyen dung.
Dat qudc phong an ninh: gdm Irudng bin, kho tang, van phong co quan, qudc phdng va an
ninh dien tich 20,70 ha chie'm 1,20% so vdi da't chuyen diing.

Da't khai thic khoing san: d day khai thic cao lanh dien tich 2,0 ha chiem 0,12% dien tich
da't chuyen diing.
Da't lam nguyen vat
lieu
xay
dimg:
nhu cit sdi, khai thic da, lam gach ngdi vdi dien lich
6,65 ha, chie'm 0,38% so vdi dien lich dal chuyen diing.
Da't
nghia
trang,
nghla
dia: 243,19 ha, chie'm 14,15% dien lich dal chuyen diing.
Dal chuyen diing khic: 90,90 ha chie'm 5,29% so vdi dien tfch dat chuyen dimg.
Dat
a:
Tong dien tich da't d: 766,53 ha, trong dd: Dat d ndng thdn la 749,03 ha, chie'm
97,075 so vdi dien lich dat d; Da't d dd thi (thi rin, thi
lu):
17,50
ha, chiem 2,30% so vdi dien lich
da't d.
Dot chua si dung, song sudi, nui dd:
Da'l
bang chua sir
dung:
77,83 ha,
chi^m
0,18%
so vdi dien tich dat chua sir dung.

Dal ddi
niii
chua su dung: 40.464,63 ha, chiem 91,97% so vdi dien tich dat chua sir dung,
trong dd da giao 10.133,40 ha sir dung vao lamnghiep.
Da't cd mat nude chua su dung: 15,00 ha, chie'm 0,03% so vdi dien lich dat chua su dung.
Sdng sudi:
1.532,4
ha, chie'm 3,50% so vdi dien tich dat chua sir dung.
Niii
di khdng cay:
1.000,07
ha, chiem 2,28% so vdi dien tich dat chua sir dung.
Dat chua sir dung khic: 896,79 ha, chie'm 2,04% so vdi dien lich chua sir dung. Dal chua
sir dung con cd the khai thic hang ngan ha phuc vu cho ndng dan, lam nghiep, lam dal chuyen
diing, da't d.
1.2,2.
Hien trang mdi trudng:
Tren dia ban huyen Thudng Xuan cd 1 Thi
Iran,
huyen ly va hang
chiic
diem dan cu tap
trung, cic cum kinh le', xa, thi
lu,
cic co sd khai thic di, cdng
trinh
xay dung hd Cira Dal. Trong
quy hoach 2003 -
2010
se hinh thanh them mdt sd cum cdng nghiep, lang nghe, khai thac khoing

san, lam vat lieu xay dung, v.v. Cdng nghiep phit trien se phit sinh nhieu chat thai gay d nhiem
mdi trudng. Ngoai ra, dan sd dd thi va thi
tir,
trung lam cum xa tang nhanh, nhu cau phat trien
ndng nghiep va
lam
nghiep cung gia tang manh. Day se la nguyen nhan gay nen cic ap luc
Idn
ddi vdi mdi trudng.
a. Mdi
tru&ng nu&c
Theo bao cio hien trang mdi trudng tinh Thanh Hda, cic ket qua khao sit thuc dia va phan
lich
chaft lugng nude
mat ciia dua tren duoc the hien trong bang 1.
Bang
1.
Chat luong
nu&c
song Chu ( Tren dap Bdi Thuong)
TT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Thong so
pH
Do
due
DO
BOD,
COD
SS
NH4^
NO,
NO2
Fe
Mn
Pb
Cd
Florua
Cr*"
Hg
As
Coliform

Dir lucmg thudc
BVTV:
-
Clo hCru
ca
- Lan
hOu
ca
Dofn
vi
NTU
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mgA
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mg/1
mgA
mg/1
mg/1
mgA
mgA
MPN/lOOml
mgA
mgA
Ket qua

phSn tich
Nam 2005
7,94
3,2
4,5
105
<0,01
<0,01
<0,001
0,56
<0,01
120
Nam 2006
6,63
12,1
7,33
1,6
2,8
4,8
0,183
0,213
0,027
2,291
0,261
0,008
<0,001
0,001
0,0002
490
<0,001

0,002
b.
Chat
lugng
mdi trudng khong khi
vd
tieng on
Cac ngudn thai gay d
nhidm
mdi Irudng khdng khi tai khu vuc huyen Thudng Xuan bao
gom:
- Ngudn
gay
nhiem khdng khi tir boat dong cdng nghiep:
6
- Ngudn
gay
nhiem khdng khi do boat ddng giao thdng:
- Ngudn
gay nhilm
khdng khi do boat ddng
xay
dung:
- Ngudn
gay
nhiem khdng khi
Itr
sinh boat dun na'u ciia nhan dan:
Theo cic
k^t

qua phan tich ciia Sd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng Thanh Hoi cic nam nam
2002,
2004, 2005 va 2006
kft
hop vdi qui trinh
di6u
tra nghien
cihi
thuc dia cho
lha'y:
anh hudng
ciia d nhiem khdng khi va
ti^ng
dn den cdng ddng
Idn
nhat tai huyen Thudng Xuan cd ngudn gdc
tir boat ddng giao thdng. Tuy nhien,
miic
dd anh hudng va tic ddng khdng nhieu,
nhin
to gay d
nhiem
Idn
nhat
dugc
dinh gia la bui - day cung la nhan to chu
y^u
trong viec gay ra d nhiem mdi
trudng d nhieu dia
phuong

tren ca nude.
c.
Chat thai ran
Rac thai d
viing
ndng thdn ndi chung va huyen Thudng Xuan ndi rieng chua dugc quan
tam diing
miic,
da phin ngudi dan xa thai
bilra
bai ra kenh, rach, cdng, hd, ao, sdng ngdi, ddng
rudng. Hien lai
miie
dd tic ddng cua cha't thai
rdn
chua cao song vdi tie'n trinh phit trien kinh te
manh me chac chan se
gay
ra hang
loat
cic tic ddng lieu
cue
tdi chat lugng mdi irudng sdng va
cic he sinh thii.
II.
DU BAO PHAT
TRIEN
KINH TE VA
DIIN
BIEN MOI

TRUING
HUYEN
THUONG
XUAN
2.L
Quy hoach
sir
dung dat huyen Thudng Xuan den nam 2010
* Quy hoach dat nong nghiep
Dien lich da't ndng nghiep hien trang nam
2003:
6.877,05 ha chie'm 6,22% dien tich tu
nhien loan huyen. Di ddi dugc cic muc tieu kinh te - xa hdi giai doan 2003 -
2010,
mdi trudng
lir
nhien dugc cai thien ben vimg, dat dai ngay mdt
idt
len, lao co d
virng chdc
giai quye't cic ip luc
ve an, d, nguyen lieu cho cdng nghiep, ve sinh mdi irudng, da't ndng nghiep giai doan 2003 -
2010
dugc du kien la 8.372,82 ha, lang so vdi
2003:
1.495,77
ha dua ly le dat ndng nghiep dat 7,58%
dien tich tu nhien.
Cic loai da'l ndng nghiep dugc quy hoach cu the nhu sau:
Ddt irons cdy hdns nam:

Hien
Irang
nam
2003:
5.091,37 ha, de'n nam 2010: 6693,99 ha, bao gdm cic loai dal trdng
cic loai cay sau:
- Quy hoach da't 3
vii
liia,
liia
mau:Da't 3 vu hien cd 30,00 ha. De'n nam 2010 dien tich la
130,00 ha.
- Quy hoach dal 2 vu
liia,
liia
mau:Dal 2 vu hien cd 2.367,26 ha. Den nam 2010 dien tich
2.235,63 ha.
- Quy hoach dal nuong riy: Dat nuong riy hien cd 274,24 ha. Den nam 2010 dien lich
274,24 ha. Theo tap quin canh tic va nhu cau sinh boat hang ngay
ciia
dan, dien tich dat nuong
riy vdn phai ton tai va
giiJ
nguyen. Gdm cic xa: Van Xuan 21,78 ha, Luong Son 52,46
ha.
Bat
Mot 200,00 ha.
Quy hoach da'l mau va cay hang nam khic: Hien lai dat chuyen mau va cay hang nam khic,
dien tich
1.748,07

ha.
DGr\
nam 2010: 3.544,02 ha.
Quy hoach dal vudn lap: Dien
tich
hien cd
1.014,69
ha. De'n nam 2010 la 822.61 ha.
NTiu
vay, tong cdng dien tich dat
\ardn
tap giam 192,08 ha so vdi nam
2003.
Quy hoach dil trdng
cSy
lau
nam:
Dien
tich
hien cd 42,37 ha. Den nam 2010 vin la 42,37
ha.
Trong dd Luang San dien tich
cay
lau nam 40,00 ha, Xuan Thing dien tich 2,37 ha.
Quy hoach da't cd dung vao chan nudi: Dien tich hien cd 566,67 ha. De'n nam 2010 la
642,50 ha. Tdng cdng dien tich da't cd tang 75,83 ha so vdi nam
2003.
Quy hoach da't cd mat
nude
nudi trdng thuy san: Dien lich hien cd

161,95
ha. Den nam
2010 la 171,35 ha (dien tich tang 9,4 ha so vdi nam 2003).
* Quy hoach ddt lam nghiep
DUil
lam nghiep cd riing dien lich hien cd 57,256,34 ha. Den nam 2010 dien tich dal
lam
nghiep la 92,622,48 ha. Da't lam nghiep se lang 35.366,14 ha so vdi nam
2003.
- Quy hoach da't lam nghiep cd rimg tu nhien: Da't cd rimg tu nhien hien cd 50.885,90 ha.
Den nam 2010 dien tich la 71.151,90 ha. Tdng dien tich tang 20.266,00 ha so vdi nam
2003.
- Quy hoach da't lam nghiep cd rimg trdng: Dien lich rimg trdng hien cd 6.368,44 ha. Den
nam 2010 dien tich 21.468,58. xa: Bit Mot 26,20 ha, Luang San 46,69 ha, Luan Khe 41,48
ha.
Van Xuan 85,31 ha, Xuan
Cdm
56,00 ha, Xuan Ldc 62,88 ha, Xuan Le 32,00 ha, Xuan Thang
18,08 ha.
Chuydn
lir da't ddi
niii
chua sir dung sang 14.900,00 ha, gdm cic xa: Bit Mot 3.410,00
ha, Luong Son 850,00 ha, Luan Thanh 300,00 ha, Luan Khe 900,00
ha.
Tan Thanh 493,30 ha, Thi
tra'n 12,00
ha.
Van Xuan
1.500,23

ha, Xuan Cao 800,00 ha, Xuan Cam 200,00 ha, Xuan Chinh
1000,00 ha. Xuan Le 2.400,00 ha, Xuan Thang 300,00
ha.
Yen Nhan 2.734,47 h. Tdng dien lich
da't rimg trdng lang
15.100,14
ha so vdi nam 20003.
* Quy hoach ddt chuyen dung
Dat chuyen diing hien cd
1.718,39
ha. De'n nam 2010 dien tich dal chuyen diing la
5.814,28 ha. Tdng dien lich lang 4.095,89 ha so vdi nam
2003.
Cu the:
- Quy hoach dat xay dung ca ban: Da't
xay
dung co ban hien cd 217,02 ha. De'n nam 2010
se la
313,78
ha. Tdng hgp dien lich lang 96,76 ha so vdi nam
2003.
- Quy hoach dat giao thdng: Da't giao thdng hien cd 686,70 ha. Den nam 2010 la 924,87 ha.
Tdng dien tich dal giao thdng lang 238,80 ha so vdi nam
2003.
- Quy hoach dal thuy
Igi:
Dal thuy
Igi
hien cd 450,86 ha. Den nam 2010 dien lich 4.074,16
ha. Trong dd, thuy

Igi
ndi ddng lang 28,00 ha, lay vao 2 vu 2,00 ha, da'l mau la
16,00
ha, chua
sijf
dung khic 10,00 ha. Lay d cic xa: Luong Son 5,00 ha, Luan Thanh 1,00 ha, Luan Khe 1,00 ha,
Xuan Cao 1,00 ha, Xuan Duong 1,00 ha, Ngoc Phung 17,00 ha, Tho Thanh 1,00 ha, Thi
Iran
1,00
ha. Hd chira
nude
Cira Dat 3.595,30 ha. Khudn vien ciia hd chua nude Cua Dal la 3.800,00 ha,
trong dd da't thuy
Igi
cu cua 3 xa Xuan Lien, Xuan My, Xuan Khao la 204,70 ha (chu chuyen ndi
bd),
cdn lai 3.595,30 ha
la'y
vao dat cua 3 xa ke tren xa va thdn Tham (xa Van Xuan). Tdng dien
lich dat
Ihuy Igi
lang 3.623,60 ha so vdi nam
2003.
- Quy hoach dat di lich lich sir van hoi: Dat di lich
lich
sir van hoi hien cd 1,00 ha. Den
nam 2010 la
3,00
ha.
- Quy hoach dal an ninh qudc phdng: Dien lich hien cd 20,70 ha. De'n nam 2010 la 29,70

ha. Tdng dien tich phuc vu qudc phdng tang 9,00 so vdi nam
2003.
- Quy hoach dal khoing san: Dien tich hien cd 2,00 ha. Den nam
2010
la 4,00 ha.
- Quy hoach dal
val
lieu
xay
dung: Dien lich hien cd 6,65 ha. De'n nam 2010 la 38,15 ha.
- Quy hoach dal
nghia
dia: Dien tich hien cd 243,19 ha, de'n nam 2010 la 359,68 ha. Tdng
dien
tfch da't nghia dia tang
116,49
ha so vdi nam
2003.
8
-
Quy hoach
dflft
chuyen
d&ng
khic: Dien tich hien cd 90,90 ha. Den nam 2010 se la 66,94
ha. Tdng dien tich giam 23,96 ha so vdi nam
2(303.
* Quy hoach ddt d
Vdi du bao dan sd
d€n

nam 2010
la
86.349 ngudi, tang so vdi nam 2003 la 3.219 ngudi.
Dan sd tang khdng cao,
nhimg
do
yeu
ciu da't d cum xa, thi
tii,
thi
Iran
va phit trien nganh nghe
do dd da't b se tang
nhi^u
va
tuang duong
vdi dien tich dan cu cua 3 xa chuyen long hd Cira Dat.
Theo quy hoach, daft d tang 76,00 ha, phan bd nhu sau:
- Quy hoach da't d dd thi: Da't d dd thi (thi tra'n huyen Thudng Xuan) hien cd 17,50 ha. De'n
nam 2010 se la 21,10 ha. Tdng hgp dien tich da't tang 3,60 ha so vdi nam
2003.
- Quy hoach da'l d ndng thdn: Dien lich hien cd 749,03 ha. Den nam 2010 dien lich 750,49
ha. Tdng dien tich da't d ndng thdn tang 1,46 ha so vdi nam
2003.
*
G«y
hoach ddt chua
sic
dung
Dien tich hien cd 43.887,55 ha. Den nam 2010

chi
cdn 2.924,69 ha.
2.2.
Dieu chinh dja gidi hanh chinh ciia cac xa viing hd thuy dien Cua Dat
Ddi
vdi xdXudn
My:
'
La'y sdng Chu lam ranh gidi, tir diem giip ranh gidi xa Xuan Lien, theo ddng sudi chay
Lang
Din
de'n nga 3 sdng Chu, rdi di ngugc sudi Lang Din chay hudng Tay keo
len
de'n dinh
niii
tiep giip ranh gidi xa Van
Xuin;
loan bd dien lich ve phia Tay xa Xuan My:4.078,20 ha chuyen
cho xa Van Xuan quan ly.
- Lay sdng Chu lam ranh gidi, tir diem giip ranh gidi xa Xuan Lien theo ddng chay de'n
nga 3 sdng Chu va sudi Lang Din, di ngugc sudi hudng Tay keo len
dinh niii
tiep giip ranh gidi
xa Van
Xuin;
dien tich ve phia Ddng xa Xuan My: 3.077,81 ha, giao cho xa Xuan Cam quan ly.
Ddi
vdi xdXudn
Lien:
- La'y sdng Chu lam ranh gidi, tir diem giip ranh gidi vdi linh Nghe An, theo ddng chay

den
Bii
Khoai (Xuan My), dien tich ve phia xa Van Xuan: 2.409,37 ha, giao cho xa Van Xuan
quan ly.
- La'y sdng Chu lam ranh gidi, lir diem giip ranh vdi linh Nghe An, theo ddng chay de'n
Chdm d (dudng ra xa
Xuin
Khao), dien tich hudng ve xa Yen Nhan: 6.023,44 ha, giao cho xa
Yen Nhan quan ly
- La'y sdng Chu lam ranh gioi, lir Ban d theo ddng chay de'n
Bii
Khoai (bet dat Xuan Lien)
ve phia Ddng Nam, dien lich 356,13 ha giao cho xa Luong Son quan ly.
Ddi vai
xdXudn
Khao:
- Toan bd phia Ddng Bac, de'n tiep giip dal Ban Chieng, Liu, gdm cic ban: Dimg, Ddng,
Dai,
Nhap, Thdn, dien tich 2.797,60 ha, giao cho xa Luong Son quan ly.
- Toan bd phia Tay Nam gdm cic ban: Chieng, Lau, Nang, dien lich
1.748,47
ha giao cho
xa Yen Nhan quan ly.
2.3.
Danh gia va du bao tac dong moi trudng huyen Thudng Xuan
a. Tdc dong moi
tru&ng
cua hoot dong kinh
texd
hoi

* Tdc dong moi trudng cua
hoqt
dong cdng nghiep vd tieu thu cdng nghiep
La mdl huyen mien nui nen
hoal
ddng san xua't cdng nghiep va lieu
ihu
cdng nghiep con
chua
phii
trien manh. Tren dia ban huyen Thudng Xuan cd mot sd nha may
xi
nghiep va cac ca
m
sd san
xuSft
nhd, dac biet la 3 cum khoang san chinh la Xuan Le, Luang San, Ngoc Phung. Ngoai
ra, mdt sd lang
ngh^
tidu
thu cdng nghiep cung dang din din dugc khdi phuc va phit
tridn
nhu det,
may
thd dm,
may
tre dan, Hoat ddng ciia cac ca sd san xua't cung nhu cic lang
ngh£
thii cdng
chii ye'u

gay
d
nhilm cue
bd tai cac lang
ngh^
va cac khu vuc khai thac khoang san, vat lieu xay
dung.
K^t
qua khao sat cho tlia'y, d hiu bet cac khu vuc lang nghe, cic ca sd san xua't tieu thii
cdng nghiep va cac khu vuc khai thic khoing san tren dia ban huyen, cdng tic bao ve mdi trudng
cdn chua dugc chu trong. Cac chit thai tao ra hoan toan khdng dugc xii
ly
ma dugc xa thai
true
ti^p
ra mdi trudng tu nhien, dac biet la cic he thdng thuy vuc nhu sdng, sudi tren dia ban huyen.
Theo bio cio hien trang mdi trudng tinh Thanh Hda nhieu nam cho lha'y, chat lugng nude
sdng Chu cu the nhu sau:
- Dd pH dao ddng trong khoang 6,0 - 7,95.
- Dd due (NTU) so sinh vdi chi lieu ciia
nude
udng la 5NTU cua WHO thi miu do cha't
lugng nude vugt 1,5 -2,5
lin.
- Nitril: theo tieu
chu^n
nude mat loai A la
0,01
mg/1 thi
nude

sdng cd ham lugng nitril
vugt qui lieu
chu^n
cho phep 20-30 lin, neu ddi
chi^u
vdi lieu
chu^n
nude sinh boat nitril la
Omg/1
thi bi d nhiem.
- Nilrat: ddi chieu vdi TCCP thi
nude
sdng cd ham lugng nitrat
nim
trong gidi ban cho
phep (nhd ban
lOmg/1).
- Cha't ran
lo limg
nude sdng cao ban TCCP A ddi vdi
nude
mat (20mgA).
-
BOD5:
so vdi TCCP A (<4mg/l) cua nude mat thi cd nude tren dap Bii Thugng cd gii tri
nhd hon.
- COD: lieu
chuin
ciia nude mat loai A la nhd ban
lOmg/1

thi tren dip Bii Thugng,
nude
sdng Chu dat tieu
chu^n
cho phep.
- Amoniac (linh theo N) vugt lieu
chu^n
cho phep lir 2 den 4 lan.
- Sat tdng sd: so vdi TCCP A ddi vdi nude mat
(lmg/1)
thi gii tri phin tich
nude
sdng gip
ddi so vdi gii tri cho phep.
- Coliform tdng sd: Neu la'y TCCP la 5000 MPN/lOOml thi cd gii tri nhd hon TCCP.
- Du lugng thudc bao ve thuc vat d sdng Chu cd gii tri nhd ban TCCP,
Tdc dong moi
tru&ng
cua hoat dong nong lam nghiep
Vdi tdng dien tich dat tu nhien toan huyen la
111.055,86
ha. Trong dd:
- Da't ndng nghiep 6.877,05 ha chie'm 6,25% dien lich tu nhien.
- Da'l lam nghiep cd rimg: 57.256,34 ha, chie'm
51,81%
- Da'l chuyen dung dien lich
1.718,39
ha, chie'm 1,56%
- Da'l d: 766,53 ha, chie'm 0,69%
- Da'l chua sir dung: 43.887,55 ha, chie'm 39,72%

Binh quan da't ndng nghiep tren diu ngudi la 873 mVngudi (linh 663 mVngudi). Hoat ddng
san xual ndng lam nghiep dugc coi la mot nganh kinh
le'
mui nhon va chiem ly trong khi
Idn
ciia
huyen. Tuy nhien, theo dinh gii thi viec canh lie ndng nghiep va hoat ddng khai thic lam nghiep
khdng hgp ly dang
gay
ra nhieu van de ddi vdi mdi Irudng dat va
nude
khu vuc. Hien nay nhieu
viing dat trdng cay hang nam dang bi kiet mau do ky
ihual
canh tic khdng hgp ly, cudng
dp
canh
tic da't qua cao, thieu bien phip bdi bd, cai lao dat. Ngoai ra,
dai
cdn bi
Ihoii
hoi do qua trinh xdi
mdn, rira trdi, ngap
ling,
sat
Id
dat, dac biet la lu
kit
hang nam. Tmh trang lam dung thudc bao ve
10

thuc vat cung vdi phan v6 ca,
hOu
ca da din
deh
hien tugng mdt lugng NPK, chat huu co du thira
va du lugng thudc bao
ve
thuc vat bi
riia
trdi xudng ao, hd, sdng ngdi, tham nhap vao cic ngudn
nude
lam d nhiem mdi trudng daft.
K^t
qua phin tich
nhi^u 11
miu da't tren dia huyen cho lha'y, cd
10/11
miu cd
pH<4,5;
Phdt pho va Kali tdng sd thudc loai ngheo; ham lugng
miin
khi den giau;
Nita tdng sd trung binh. Ham lugng Fe tdng sd cao, chiem uu
th^
trong phiic he hip thu ciia da't.
Qui trinh tich luy sat, nhdm va riia trdi Ca, Mg lam cho da't ngay cang chua, sit
nhi^u
ket hgp vdi
nguyen
id

dinh dudng tao thanh hgp cha't khd hoa tan cay trdng khdng hip thu dugc.
* Tdc dong mdi
tru&ng
cua
hog
dong khai thdc khodng sdn
Thudng Xuan la mdt huyen cd
Igi
the
v6
tiem nang khoing san, dac biet la cic loai
khoing san cao lanh, set va mdt sd loai khoing san khic nhu vang, kim loai, Tuy nhien, viec
khai thic
ch^
bieh
khoing san khdng theo quy hoach, tu phit da va dang gay bie'n ddi canh quan
khu vuc, lam mil di ve dep tu nhien, mil da'l be mat, phi vd he sinh thii be mat, anh hudng
nghiem trong
de^n
mil can bang sinh thii
Khu vuc khai thic che
bi€^n
khoing san bi d
nhilm
bdi bui, khi thai ciia phuong tien khai
thic,
van
chuydn
khoing sin, khi
NO3

CO,
CO2
khi nd min.
Mire
do d nhiem khdng khi bdi khi ddc
hai khdng
Idn
nhimg ndng do bui trong khu vuc khai thic, dac biet tren dudng van chuyen khoing
san vugt qui lieu chuin cho phep lir
1,5-10
lan TCCP.
Hoat ddng khai thic khoing san gay ra do dn rat
Idn
do khoan, nd min, che' bie'n di va
boat ddng cua cic phuong lien giao thdng chuyen chd
Trong khai thic cic md kim loai cd sir dung cic boat chat de tuyen quang, sang rira, che'
bie'n da
gay d nhiem mdi trudng
nude.
Mdi trudng
nude
bi d nhilm bdi cac
chfit
ran lo limg, do
due cao, phen, axil va cic kim loai nang Vi du nhu khai thic caolanh lam
nude
nhiem phen.
Ngoai ra, boat ddng khai thic md cdn tic dong xau de'n che do thuy van khu vuc nhu
boi
Idng,

lip
diy ddng sdng, sudi, hd.
Cic md khai thic khoing sin thudng khdng thuc hien
td'l
hoan nguyen mdi trudng mat da't,
khdng phuc hdi canh quan, tii tao cic he sinh thii
nen
lam tang dien lich da't trdng, doi troc,
giy
ra hien tugng sdi
Id,
bdi ling,
sul Id
dat canh
tie;
nha'l la khu vuc md cd lugng dat da bi bdc va dd
thai
Idn
nhu khai thic Cao lanh d Luong Son.
Cic chat ddc hai, phe thai rin, nude thai va khi thai cua cac nganh khai thic khoang san se
lan truyen vao dal, nude, va gay anh hudng
Idn
den sinh thii ddng thuc vat quanh viing khai thic.
Mdl sd diem ndng ve d nhiem mdi trudng trong khai thic md la cac diem khai thic
khoing san, vat lieu xay dung: di, cit, sdi, san xual gach
thii
cdng ciia tu nhan
a
Tho Thanh,
Luang Son, Ngoc Phung, Van Xuan, dac biet ia d xa Xuan Chinh, noi dang dien ra

tinh
trang dao
dai vang trii phep.
Hoat ddng khai thic khoang san cdn tao ra cic chat thai rin la cic vd bao
bl
dung
vit
lieu
nd, vat lieu phu trg cho khau che bie'n di; rac thai sinh boat cua cdng nhan
vh
diu md
liif
cic
phuong lien van chuyen, bdi
Iron
cic thie'l bi nghien, sang
Tdc dong moi
tru&ng
cua hoat dong giao thong dudng thuy
vd
dudng bo
Tinh nay he thdng dudng giao thdng trong huyen dugc coi la mdt yeu to quan trong
giiip
cho viec
phii
trien kinh le' xa hdi. Toan huyen hien cd 230,06km dudng d
Id.
Trong dd dudng Hd
Chi Minh 11,6km;
tinh Id

70km; lien xa 35km; dudng
ihdn
xa 114km. Tuy nhien sd lugng km
dudng dugc nhua hoi cdn ban che, chu yeu la Dudng Ho Chi Minh va tuyen
ducnig
Bai Thugng di
Cira Dal, cdn lai hiu bet vin la cic tuye'n dudng rai cap phdi, hoac dudng dat, di lai gap nhieu khd
khan, nhat la
miia
mua. Ngoai dudng bd, huyen con cd gin 30km dudng thuy chay tren he thdng
Kenh De- Sdng Len - Sdng Ma.
Nhin
chung he thdng giao thdng, nhat
la
giao thong nong thdn
11
cdn kem phat
tridn
(xa Xuan Lien cdn chua cd dudng d to den) da ban che rit
Idn
de'n viec phit
tridn
kinh
td?,
xa hdi.
• ^
^*'
Hoat ddng giao thdng dugc coi la mdl trong
nhOng
ngudn chinh gay tic ddng

d^n
mdi
trudng khdng khi. Tuy nhien, ddi vdi huyen Thudng
Xuin,
nhOng
tic ddng ciia cic boat ddng
giao thdng
d^n
mdi trudng dugc dinh gii la khdng dang ke bdi Thudng
Xuin
la mdt huyen mien
niii,
nam giip vdi bien gidi Lao. Mat dd giao thdng tren cac tuye'n dudng khdng
Idn,
do dd
nhfing
tic ddng ciia boat ddng giao thdng den mdi trudng chii yeu mang tinh chit
cue
bd va nha'l
ihdi.
Theo cac
ket
qua phan tich ciia Sd Tai nguyen va Mdi trudng Thanh Hoa
lijr
nam 2000 den
2006 cho tha'y, nhin chung ndng dd cic khi thai nhu CO,
NO2,
SO2,
NH3, Clo, Pb doc theo cic
tuyefn

dudng giao thdng chinh vin cdn dudi TCVN 5937: 2005
Tdc dong moi
tru&ng
cua hoat dong
thucmg nghiep
vd dich vu
He thdng thuong mai va dich vu cung dugc dinh gii la mdt trong
nhihig
nganh kinh te'
quan trong cua huyen (chie'm khoang 22,5% ca ciu kinh te). He thdng thuong mai va dich vu
dugc phit trien d hiu
h^l
cic khu dan cu trong huyen. Tuy nhien, quy md cua cic co sd dich vu
nay chu ye'u mang tinh chit nhd le, hd gia
dinh.
Do dd
nhutig
lie ddng cua cac hoat ddng thuong
mai va dich vu de'n mdi irudng la khdng dinh ke,
chii
ye'u la su gia tang lugng ric thai sinh boat
Theo ket qua
dxin
tra va khao sat thi, ddi vdi cic hd gia dinh cd kinh doanh dich vu, lugng
ric thai tao ra cd luu lugng
Idn
ban so vdi cac hd thdng thudng tir 2-3 lin va chu ye'u la ric thai
sinh boat, cd
chiia
ham lugng cic chat huu co cao (khoang 70%). Cic chat thai rin nay hiu he't

dugc vut ra mdi trudng tu nhien ma khdng dugc thu gom va xir ly. Dieu nay da lam anh hudng tdi
canh quan va
di^u
kien ve sinh mdi Irudng khu vuc.
b.
Ditbdo
tdc dong moi
trU&ng hoqt
dong kinh
teden
ndm2020.
Cic tic ddng mdi irudng chii ye'u tai huyen Thudng
Xuin
de'n nam 2020 lien quan den 4 tic
nhan: gia lang dan sd va chit thai sinh boat cua dan cu, xay dung va van hanh hd
chiia
Cira Dat,
khai thic cac md khoing san va
phii
trien cac khu vuc dd thi. Dua theo cic ket qua linh loin ve
du bio gia lang din sd tren loan huyen
ihl
de'n nam 2010 va 2020 se la 86.816 ngudi va 91.267
ngudi. Su gia tang dan sd se keo theo su gia tang ve lugng ric thai sinh boat va cic chat thai
rin
nguy hai khic. Du bio lugng chit thai rin sinh boat tao ra tren loan huyen va phan chia theo cic
khu vuc dd thi va ndng thdn de'n nam 2010 va 2020 dugc the hien d bang 2.
Bang 2. Du bao khdi
luang
chat thai ran sinh

hoqt
phdt sinh trong dia ban huyen
Thu&ng
Xuan den nam 2020
\
Nam
dir
bao
KhunrcdirbaoX
Tong CTRSH
huyen Thucmg
Xuan
Khu
VLTc
do thi
Khu
virc
nong thon
Du bao 2010
(kg/ngay)
Tong
CTRSH
23895.97
7292,32
16603,65
CTRSH
nguy hai
Du bao 2020
(kg/ngay)
Tong

CTRSH
262,08
i
34629,8
145,85 14524
1
CTRSH
nguy hai
431,22
290,48
116,23
20105,8 140,74
Giai doan
2005-2020
(tan)
Tong
CTRSH
155438,21
51187,51
104250,7
Tong
CTRSH
nguy hai
1753,51
1023,75
729,76
12
'
Tic ddng mdi trudng ciia du in hd chira nude va nha miy dien Ciia Dal da dugc de cap trong
bao cio danh gii tac ddng mdi irudng ciia Bd Ndng nghiep va Phit trien ndng thdn (2002). Cic

tie
ddng da dang ciia viec xay dung va van hanh hd chiia va nha miy thuy dien Ciia Dat ddi vdi
huyen Thudng Xuan cd thd tdng hgp va trinh bay dudi dang ma
trin
mdi irudng (Bang 3).
Bang
J.
Ma tran moi
tru&ng dudn
ho chAa Cia Dqt, Thanh Hod
Nhan to moi trudng
chiu tac ddng
I
1
2
3
4
5
6
II
1
2
3
4
5
II
I
I
2
3

4
5
6
7
8
Mdi trudng vat ly
X6i
in5n,
Idng
phu
sa
Lu ha du
Cha't luong
nu6c
Chat lugng khdng
khi
Vi
khihau
Muc
nude
ngdm
.Moi truimg
tu
nhien
Rimg, tham thuc vat
MT sdng loai chim
Ddng vat can
Ca
vi
thuy sinh

Canh quan MT
Mdi trudng KTXH
Phat
trie'n TN
da't
dai
Phat
iriin
ndng
nghiep
San xua't LT-TP
Phit
ir\ir\
cdng
nghidp
Phan phd'i, luu
thdng
Thu nhap cdng d6ng
Nude
sinh hoat
NTia
cua cua nhan
Hoat ddng phat trien
xay
dung
dudng
GT
-1
0
0

-1
-1
0
-3
-1
-2
0
+ 1
-1
+2
+2
+2
+3
+2
+ 1
+3
xay
dimg
ca sa
HT
0
0
-1
-1
-1
0
-3
-l
-1
0

+2
-2
+
1
0
+2
+3
+2
+ 1
Nd
mm,
thi
cdng
-2
0
-1
-1
-1
0
-1
-2
-2
0
-1
-1
0
0
0
0
0

0
+2
lO
1
Khai
thac,
tap
ket vat
lieu
-2
0
-1
-1
-1
0
-1
-1
-1
0
-1
-1
0
Huy
dong
nhan
cdng
0
0
-1
-1

0
r.
-I
-1
-I
xay
dap
ngan
sdng
-3
+2
0
-1
CXD
0
-1
-I
-1
U
'-2
-I
j.i
0
1-1
+2
i
1
0 |o ;o
1 1
+1 |+!

1+2
1
-1
;
-I
,0
+1
;+l rl
0
l-l
+2
CXD
!'j u
1
xay
dung
kenh,
muong
-1
CXD
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
CXD
+1
CXD

+2
+3
+ 1
0
+2
+2
0
Di dan
tai
dinh
cu
0
0
0
0
0
0
-1
-1
-1
0
-1
-2
-1
0
0
-2
-1
0
-2

Bao
ve dat
va
canh
quan
+3
+2
+2
+1
+2
0
+2
+ 1
+
1
+
1
+2
+3
+2
+
1
0
0
0
+
1
0
Tich
nude

ho
-1
+3
-2
+2
+3
+3
-3
CXD
-3
+3
+2
-2
CXD
CXD
0
0
CXD
+3
-2
Cip
nirdc
ndng
nghiep
0
0
0
+1
+1
+2

+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+ 1
+2
+2
+3
+2
+3
+ 1
+3
+2
+ 1
Phat
dien
0
0
0
0
0
0
+1
0
0
0
+1
0
+2
+
1

+3
+3
H2
0
+2
Cdng
-7
+7
-4
-2
+2
+5
-11
.7
-11
1
+3
+8
-5
+13
+9
+15
+8
+13
+11
.4
i
13
9
I

0
1
1
dan
Vide Ikm
Si^c
khoe
v^
an
toin
LD
Du
lich,
van hoa
Cong
+2
-2
+2
+8
+2
-1
+2
+6
0
-2
0
-14
+1
-1
0

-9
+2
-1
0
-3
+3
-2
+3
+4
+1
-1
0
+7
0
-I
0
-13
0
+2
+3
+29
0
CXD
+3
+9
+2
+2
0
+31
+ 1

+ 1
+ 1
+ 18
+ 14
t
-6
+14
-r73
Theo sd lieu ma
Iran
( Bang 3), cic nhin to mdi trudng chiu tic ddng lieu
cue
manh me
ciia du in hd chiia Ciia Dat gdm: mil
rimg,
ddng vat hoang da, cic loai chim, xdi mdn dat, thu
hep dien tich dal canh tie, suy giam chat lugng nude mat. Cic tic ddng lieu
cue
den mdi irudng
chu yeu dien ra trong giai doan
xiy
dung, bat diu
ttr
khi nd
min ihi
cdng, khai thic val lieu phuc
vu cdng trinh xay dung, buy ddng nhan cdng de'n cdng trudng, di dan tii dinh cu. Sau khi hd
ihuy
dien di vao vin hanh, cac tic ddng den mdi irudng ciia du in phin
Idn

la
ti'ch
cue,
ngoai
Irir
kha
nang
phii
sinh ddng dat
kich thich
va suy thoii ngudn nude.
Vdi liem nang da dang ve khoing san (Au, Sn, W, Cu, di
quy.
Kaolin, ), Thudng
Xuin
cd kha nang phit trien cdng nghiep khai thic khoing san. Dia ban du kien phit tridn boat ddng
khai thic khoing sin cd the trd thanh cic thi
Iran
va thi
tii.
Cac lie ddng lieu cue den mdi trudng
hoat ddng khai
ihic
khoang sin va p hit trien dd thi
miic
do khdng
Idn
va cd the
kidm
soil dugc.

Cic trung tam dd thi va khai thic khoing san du kie'n phit trien d Thudng
Xuin
gdm: thi
Iran
Thudng
Xuin,
trung tam xa Luong Son, trung tam xa Bit Mot.
c).
Du bao chat thai
Hien nay, van dd ric thai dang la mdl trong nhung van
d^
biic xiic
d cic vung ndng thdn
huyen Thudng
Xuin,
dac biel la cac khu vuc lap trung dan cu vdi mat do dan sd cao nhu khu vuc
thi
irin
Thudng
Xuin,
cic
ihi
lii,
trung
tim
xa,
Dua theo cic ket qua
linh
loin ve du bio gia ling dan sd tren loan huyen thi den nam
2010 va 2020 se la 86.816 ngudi va 91.267 ngudi. Su gia tang dan sd se keo theo su gia lang ve

lugng ric thai sinh boat va cic chat thai rin nguy hai khic. Du bio lugng chat thai rin sinh boat
lao ra tren loan huyen va phan chia theo cic khu vuc dd thi va ndng thdn den nam
2010
va 2020
(Bang 3.1) cho
Ihay
nhu ciu cao cua viec thu gom va chdn lap rac thai sinh boat. Thuc te cho thiy,
cdng tic thu gom chat thai rin thdng thudng dugc the hien lot nhat d cap xa nhung viec xu ly va
thai chit thai dugc
id chiic
lot
nhil
tren mdt co sd thdng nhit loan huyen. Do mat do dan sd tha'p,
dudng giao thdng khd khan va lugng ric thai sinh boat
Idn
hien cd tai khu vuc xung quanh thi trin
Thudng
Xuin
nen cin hinh thanh ngay bai xii ly va
ihu
gom chat thai sinh boat tai vi
trf
gin vdi
ihj Iran
Thudng
Xuin.
Cic xa vimg
siu
va
vimg

xa cin tuyen
Iruydn
cho ngudi din quy dinh quan
ly an toan ric thai sinh boat (chdn lap trong vudn gia dinh, xir ly lam phan camposl, ddt ric,
v.v.).
Toan huyen se lien hanh quy hoach va
xiy
dung 1 bai chdn lap hgp ve sinh tap trung. Dia diem
xiy
dung bai chdn lap la noi cd vimg dat cin cdi, nang suit ndng nghiep tha'p. cich xa khu dan cu,
khu du lich va cudi hudng gid
thfch
hgp de ebon lam noi xay dung bai chdn lap. Tir dd quy hoach
bai chdn lap dua tren co sd bai thai cu
ciia
thi
Iran.
Quy md dien tfch bai chdn lap hgp ve sinh
ciia
thi trin Thudng
Xuin
dugc
linh
loin
iheo
cdng
thiic
sau:
S=M(l+0,2)/pH.
Trong dd: M la lugng chat thai rin dem chdn lap (tin/nam)

H la do
siu
(chieu cao) cua bai chdn lap, Trung binh
H=10-15m
0,2
la ti le dal phu trung gian
14
V * \rv _ i p
j^ j^
jj.^jjg ^^^ (JiK
sau khi dim nen lai bai chdn lip,
p=0,6-0,9tan/m'
Cac d chdn lip phai thda man cic yeu ciu sau:
•
-
+ Cd xii ly chdng tha'm phin diy va thanh bai chdn lip
+ Cd
h?
thdng thu gom va xir ly
nude
rac triet de
+ Cd he thdng thu khi gas sinh ra trong qui trinh phin buy chat thai rin.
Ric thai sau khi dugc thu gom ve se dugc phin loai de giam
ihieu
cic chi
phi
van
chuydn
va
xtr

ly:
- Cha't thai rin
hOu
co: cic loai rau, cii qua, trii
ciy,
ihiic
an thira dugc thu gom dd che' bien
thanh phan bdn sir dung cho ndng nghiep.
- Chit thai rin cd the tii che': giay, nhua, kim loai,
ihuy
linh sir dung
lui
ni
Ion
mau ldi. Sau
khi qua phin tich cu the, chat thai tii che theo
limg
loai se dugc tiep luc chuyen den co sd tai che
luong ling.
- Chat thai rin khic: bao gdm cao su,
xi
than, dat di, sanh
sir
vd va cic chat thai rin cdn lai.
Dd luu
gill*
loai chat thai rin nay se van ddng nhan dan diing ehmh lui
nilon phe
thai hoac dd chira
khic sin cd,

nhirng
thanh phin nay se dugc van chuyen den bai rac lap trung
ciia
huyen
de
xir
ly
bang bien phip chdn lip hgp ve sinh lai bai chdn lip.
in.
QUY HOACH MOI
TRl/C)NG HUYfiN
THITONG
XUAN
DfiN
NAM 2020
3.1.
Dinh hudng quy hoach mdi trudng huyen Thudng Xuan
* Qity
hoach vung canh tdc nong nghiep
Nhu da ndi, huyen Thudng Xuan la mdt huyen mien nui cd dia hinh chia
cii
manh, dieu
kien giao thdng di lai cdn khd khan. Tuy nhien, ddi sdng
ciia
ngudi dan hien nay vin
chii
ye'u dua
vao ndng nghiep. So vdi cac huyen khic trong tinh, ap luc
ciia
viec phat trien cic khu cdng nghiep,

thuong mai va dich vu ddi vdi dil ndng nghiep la khdng
Idn.
Tuy nhien, dd nang cao nang suit cay trdng, dn dinh phat trien kinh le xa hdi
thi
viec quy
hoach cac viing canh
tie
ndng nghiep la van de cin
Ihiet.
Vdi dac diem dieu kien ve dia chat, dia
hinh,
khi
tugng va thuy van cua khu vuc huyen Thudng Xuan, ket hgp vdi ke hoach phat tridn
kinh le xa hdi cua huyen trong giai doan tdi
ihi
nhimg vimg cd the phat trien cay trdng ndng
nghiep cu the nhu sau:
- Ddi vdi 4 xa nim doc theo qudc
Id
15 (Luan Thanh, Luan Khe, Tan Thanh va Xuan Cao)
cd the phit trien trdng rau, nudi
lim
va cic loai cay rau mau nhu ngd, khoai,
-
Vung
trdng sin cd the
phii
tridn tai khu vuc xa Nhu
Xuin
- Cic loai cay cdng nghiep ngin ngay nhu lua, cd the phat tridn d cac xa doc theo sdng

Chu nhu Van
Xuin,
Xuan Cim, Xuan Cao, Tho Thanh, Thi
Iran
Thudng Xuan. Ngoai ra cic xa
nhu Xuan Le,
Xuin
Chinh, Xuan Thing, Tan Thanh va Xuan Ldc cung la viing cd tiem nang
nude
dudi dit
ril Idn
Song song vdi viec quy hoach viing canh tic cic loai cay trdng trong ndng nghiep, viec
nghien ciru dua cac
loai
gidng cay trdng va vat nudi cd nang suit cao, ap dung cic tien bd khoa
hoc ky thuat trong ndng nghiep cung la van de rat cin thiet nhim dam bao an ninh luong thuc.
Quy hoach
vd
phdt trien ddt
Idm
nghiep
Can
cii
theo ket qua ra soil, phan loai rimg dac dung
iheo
Quye't dinh sd 62/2005/QD-BNN
ngiy 12/10/2005
ciia
Bd
NN&PTNT.

tdng dien tfch dat lam nghiep tren toan huyen la
57.256,34
ha,
trong dd khu bao ton
thien
nhien Xuan Lien quan
ly
la 26.303,6 ha thudc dia ban 5 \a Bat
Mut,
15
Yen Nhan, Luong Son, Van Xuan va Xuan Cim (trong dd 2.828,6 ha la dien tfch ngap
nude
hd Gia
Dat);
Lam trudng Sdng Ding
la
6,606,70 ha; Ban quan ly rimg phdng hd dau ngudn la 6.700 ha;
UBND xa quan ly 191,00 ha; hd gia dinh va ca nhan sir dung 19.913,84 ha. Vi vay, dd quan ly va
phat tridn quy da't lam nghiep ndi chung va ngudn tai nguyen rimg ndi rieng
ihi
viec quy hoach
thanh cic phan khu bao ve la vin de cin thie't va dugc dat len hang diu. Trong dd, viec phan khu
bao ve ddi vdi khu bao
idn Xuin
Lien ddng vai trd rit quan trong.
- Phan khu bao ve nshiem nsdt:
Tren
CO
sd Quye't
djnh

62/2005/QD-BNN vd viec ban hanh ban quy dinh vd tieu
chi
phan
loai rimg dac dung, trong giai doan mdi phan khu bao ve nghiem ngat cd dien tfch 10.846,1 ha
(giam
8.953,9
ha so vdi
Quyel
dinh 3029/QD-UB) chiem
41,23%
dien tfch khu bao tdn bao gdm
cic tidu khu 484, 485, 486,
489^
495, 497, 498, 505, 487. 499. 508', 515,
516
va mot phan lieu
khu 507) thudc cac xa Bat Mot, Van
Xuin,
Yen Nhan, trong dd:
-f
Dit rimg : 10.234,25 ha, chiem 94,36 % dien tfch phan khu.
+ Dil chua cd rung:
611,85
ha, chiem
5.64
9f dien
tfch phan khu.
Dien tfch nay bao gom ca rung nguyen sinh va
:ha
smh.

Day la noi tap
irung
tdi 80% cac loai
thii
Idn,
cac loai trong Bd Linh trudng va cic loai chim
Idn
trong khu vuc.
Phan khu nay co cac chuc nang, nhiem vu ca ban la: bao ve nghiem ngat nguyen ven cac
he sinh thai va cac he
de>ng
thuc vat cd trong phan khu. Chdng moi boat dong lam thay ddi thanh
phan va cau
true
cua rung. Day la phan khu
chii
yeu danh cho muc tieu bao tdn ngudn gen, nghien
ciru khoa hoc, tham quan gan vdi nghien ciiru hoc tap. Nghiem cam moi hoat dong anh
hirong tieu
cue
tdi tai nguyen rirng.
Phdn khu phuc hoi sinh
ihdi:
Phan khu nay bao gdm dien
ifch
con lai cua khu Bao ton thien nhien Xuan Lien
ihuoc
cic
xa Luong Son, Yen Nhan, Xuan Cam, Van Xuan vdi tdng dien tfch 12.362,9 ha,
chicMi

47,0 %
dien tfch khu bao tdn. Phan khu nay co cac
chixc
nang, nhiem vu co ban la bao ve phuc hdi lai
nhCmg
dien tfch rimg ngheo kiet hien con do hoal dong khai thac qua
miic inidc
day, khoanh
nuoi
tai sinh
phuc hoi
rimg
va trdng
rixn^
bang cac loai cay ban dia,
qui
hiem;
nang
cao
linh
nang phong ho bao ve
ngudn
nude
cho sdng Chu. sdng Khao va song Dat.
Phi:*'^ng
thuc quan ly la khuyen
khfch
c:ic
hoat
dong lam giau rtrng. trong

rung,
boat ddng khai
tha.
du lich sinh thai - tham quan hoc tap va
nghiem cam, ban che cac hoat dong lam suy giam tai nguyen rimg.
-
Flidn
khu
hdnli
chinh dich
\u:
Nam 2005. dien tfch phan khu dugc quy hoach
lang
3.023,79 ha
n^m
tren
dia
ban 3 xa
Xuan Cim, Van Xuan. Yen Nhan. Phan khu nay nam
V'Jn
ke vol phan khu phuc hoi
sinh
thai vdi
tdn^
dien tfch
^
0^4
S7
ha.
chiem

11,76%
dien tfch khu bao ton gdm khu
xuc \an
phong Ban va
vung ngap long ho
Ciia
fJi\\.
Fhan
khu co chuc nang, nniem vu ca ban
nhu sdu
dap
irng
dugc yeu
ciu ve
qui
hoach (cd du dien
tich
bd trf xay dung tru
so
lam
\iec
cua ban quan ly, nha
bao tang,
co"
sd ha lang dich
vii
du lich phuc \u
khanh
tham quan. khu
suu

tap thuc val -
cay canh, khu
ciru
ho dong
\al,
khu trdng cay
gia Juc
cong dong,
kiui
vudn
uom,
hd
nirdc
tao canh quan -
du irfr
,\\ni:
cap
niro'c
tudi ket
J.op
phong chay chua chav riing ).
-
\
fifi.i^
arm.
Vung
dem
cd
dicn if.i
4').367,4

ha
(thiioc
cac
<a o dien tich
riing \ Jat
rirng
nim trong
qui hoach Khu bao
lun:
Bat
\ioi.
"iC'i
Nhan, Luong San, Xuan Cam, Van
Xucui
va xa co ranh gidi
tiep
gicip
vdi khu
ixlo ion xil
f.;iaii
Kh'.\
Xuan Cao). Vung
den;
co
chuc
nang la vanh dai bao ve, la
hang rao chin phong ho cho khu
b^lo
i6n Vung
drm kcr

hgp
^oi
khu
t>;io ion
nang cao doi song
ciia nhan din, sir dung dit dai va tai nguyen mdt cich hgp ly va bdn vung, phuc hdi lai he sinh
thai,
tao cac dieu kien thuan
Igi
ve kinh te cho dia phuong. nhim giam ap luc vao khu bao
idn.
Dinh
hu&ng
quy hoach vd khai thdc tdi
nguyen
khodng sdn
Huyen Thudng Xuan la huyen cd liem nang rit
Idn
vd lai nguyen khoang sin nhu: da
xay
dung d Van Xuan, Tan Thanh, Xuan Cao; dil sin
xuil
gach, ngdi d Ngoc Phung, Tan Thanh, Tho
Thanh,
Xuin
Duong; set Kaolin d Luong Son, Luan Thanh; cat sdi d
fhg
Thanh,
Xuin
Cim; di

vdi trfi lugng
Idn
d cac xa Xuan Cao, Luan Khe, Luan Thanh, Tan Thanh, Xuan Ldc, Van Xuan,
Xuan My, Bit Mot, Ngoai ra, theo lai lieu nghien ciru ciia Cue Dia chit khoing sin, cdn cd cac
md va didm khoang san khic: vang d Xuan Trinh, da quy d Xuan Le, Sn-Sb-W d
ihj Iran Thudyng
Xuan
va Luang Son, v.v.
Vi^c
quy hoach va khai thac ngudn tai nguyen khoang san nay ddng vai
trd rit quan trong trong phit tridn kinh
leva
xa hdi khu vuc. Bdi boat dong khai thac khoang sin
n^u
khdng dugc quy hoach va cd ke' hoach khai thac, quan ly mdl cich hgp ly se
giy
nhung tic
ddng tieu cue tdi mdi irudng, dac biel gay d nhilm va suy
ihoai
ngudn
nude
sin xua't ndng nghiep.
Can cir theo dieu kien dia hinh, tru lugng va dac didm cua khoang sin cd the quy hoach thanh 3
cum khai thac khoing sin chfnh la cum khai thac khoing san md xa Xuan Le, cum md xa Luong
Son va cum md xa Ngoc Phung (Bing 4)
Bang 4. Quy hoqch ddt khai thdc khodng sdn vd nguyen vat lieu xay dung
den nam
2010
cua huyen
Thu&ng

Xuan
Loai
dat
Dit khai thac
khoang sin
Dit lam nguyen val
lieu xay dung
Dien
tich
khai
thac cua cac xa
(ha)
Luong
Son
3
-
Luan
Thanh
1
2
Ngoc
Phung
-
6
Tan
Thanh
-
6,5
Tho
Thanh

0,5
Van
Xuan
15
Xuan
Cao
-
4
Xuan
Duon
g
-
4.15
De giam thieu cho cic lac ddng
ciia
qui
trinh
khai thic khoing sin den mdi trudng, can cd
nhung quy hoach cho viec
Ihoat
nude, xir ly nude va bai dd thai chat thai mdt
each
cu the:
Quy hoach va xir ly
nude
thai khai thic md
Ddi vdi ngudn
nude
chay
Iran

qua khu md, nude ngim tir bai
chii:a
chit thai rin thi can xay
dung he thdng muong thu gom
nude
din ve hd chiia nude. Tai day, nude thai dugc xir ly bing
phuong phip hda hoc (ihdng thudng dimg bdl vdi dd trung hda), sau dd kiem tra do pH, mdt sd
ion kim loai dat tieu chuan cho phep mdi dd thii ra mdi irudng.
Nude
thai sau khi tuyen quang
cin dugc thu ngay
i\x
cac xudng, sau dd dugc ling
loc
co hoc, hda hoc trong trudng hgp cin thiet,
bom
luin
hoan trd lai cung cap cho he thdng tuydn khoang. Bing cac bien phip sir dung tuan
hoan cic ngudn nude thai tir qua trinh boat ddng khoang sin neu tren. cac ngudn thai cd kha nang
gay d nhiem mdi trudng nude trong khu md
deu
dugc kiem soil,
vl
\'ay se giam thieu dugc d
nhiem mdi trudng nude trong khu md va khu vuc lan can.
Guv hoach bai thai
Qui trinh khai thac khoang san se tao ra mdt lugng chat thai rin rat
Idn,
do dd viec quy hoach
cic bai thai

ludn
phii dugc
ifnh
loan
irudc
khi khai thic. Cac bai thai nay phii dugc quy hoach tai
nhung vi tri thuan
Igi,
khdng gay anh hudng tdi mdi trudng va cac ngudn tai nguyen khac, dac
biel la cac
ihuy
vuc. Tai cic bai thai cin len phuong in
phii
xanh bd mat bai
thai
nhim phuc hdi
mdi trudng. Tien hanh hoan nguyen mat bing nhung noi sau khi khai thac nhu san lap lai mat
bing, phu dat va trdng cay phu dat chdn lap.
17
DAI HOC QUOC
OIA
HA
NQl
TPUNO
TA^^
Tv;o^
•(•M:
'/:£^N
pry
^^'J

w
—
Dinh
hu&ng
phdt trien cdng
nghiep,
tieu thu
cdng nghiep
vd lang nghe
Theo
k€
hoach phat tridn kinh
td
xa hdi huyen Thudng
Xuin
de'n nam
2010
se hinh thanh
them mdt sd cum cdng nghiep, co sd
che'
bidn
ndng lam sin, lang nghe, khai thac khoing san, lam
vat lieu xay dung, v.v. Cac co sd san xuit cdng nghiep, tidu thu cdng nghiep va lang nghe nay cin
dugc quy hoach mdt
each
cu thd thanh cac cum san xuit tap trung nhim han
che'
va kidm soil cic
tic ddng tdi mdi trudng do cac chit thai
tiir

cac co sd nay tao ra. Tuy nhien, dia didm dd tap trung
cac
CO
sd nay ddi hdi phai thuan
Igi
vd giao thdng cung nhu cac phong luc lip quan ciia dia
phuong. Do dd, cic dia didm
nen
quy hoach theo cac tuyen giao thdng chinh ciia huyen theo true
dudng Hd Chi Minh va dudng Thudng
Xuin
- Bat Mot (thi trin Thudng Xuan, xa Luong Son, Bit
Mot, Luan Thanh, xa Van Xuan. Cic lang nghd truyen thdng nhu dan lit, che bie'n
ndng-lim
sin,
det thd cim, cin phai cd chinh sach khdi phuc va phat tridn gin lien vdi bin sac van hoi din ldc
va cd thd
kdt
hgp vdi phit tridn du lich va thuong mai
Dinh
hu&ng
quy hoqch phdt trien tdi
nguyen
du lich
Quy hoach phit tridn cic tuye'n du lich
Theo quy hoach tdng thd phit tridn du lich de'n nim 2020, phat trien du lich gin vdi
giii
gin va
khai thic cac gii tri van hoi truyen ihdng, huyen Thudng
Xuin

se phit tridn du lich tap trung vao:
Phil tridn du lich danh lam thing canh, khu di
lich
lich sir nhu den thd Cim Bi Thudc, den
thd Ba Chiia Thugng Ngan, den Cd, thac 7 ling, khu Bao ton
Xuin
Lien vdi he ddng thuc vat
phong phii. Phit tridn du lich gin vdi bao tdn va phit tridn cic boat ddng van
hoi.
Id
hdi mang net
dac trung cua ddng bao cic din tdc mien
niii
nhu Hdi thd Lung Nhai dd phat tridn du lich sinh
thai va du lich van hoi. Phit
irien
du lich hd chiia nude
Ihiiy
Igi,
thuy dien Cira Dat thanh mdt khu
du lich tdng hgp vdi cac sin pham du lich sinh thii, nghi duong, thd thao vui choi giai trf, Ngoai
ra, Thi trin Thudng
Xuin
cich cira khau Bit Mot khoing 60km, la mdl
Igi
the'
cho viec phit tridn
du lich cira khiu, ddng thdi gin lien vdi viec giir gin, phat buy cac gii tri van hda phi vat the ciia
ddng bao vung bien sinh boat van hda dan gian, van nghe quin chung.
miia

hit,
im
nhac dan
ldc
Du lich huyen Thudng Xuan cd the
id
chiic cic loai hinh sau day: du lich tham quan, nghien
ciru, du lich sinh thii, du lich nghi duong, du lich qui canh (qua cira khiu Bat Mot), du lich thd
thao,
du lich vui choi giai tri.
Hoal ddng du lich du kie'n phit trien thanh 2 tuyen dudng chinh: Tuye'n du lich ciu Bai
Thugng - khu di
lich
hdi the Lung Nhai - Thic 7 ling - cira khau Kheo; Hd Cira Dat - den thd
Cim Ba Thudc - den thd Ba Chiia Thugng Ngan - Khu bao ton thien nhien Xuan Lien.
Guy hoach BVMT viing du lich
Tai cic didm du lich, cin diu tu xay dung he thdng cap
nude
hgp ve sinh du dam bio cung
cip nude cho loan bd ngudi dan sdng trong khu vuc cd diem du lich va du khach trong
miia
le hdi.
Ngudn nude cip cho khu du lich cd thd tan dung ngudn nude mat lir hd chiia
nude,
ngudn nude
mat sdng Chu va tir cic gie'ng khoan. Xay dung he ihdng thu gom
nude
thai sinh boat cho toan
khu, didm du lich. Tit ca nude thai tir cac boat ddng du lich, nude thai tir cac nha hang an udng va
cac khu ve sinh phai dugc thu gom va xir ly dat lieu chuan cho phep

irudc
khi thai ra mdi trudng,
trinh
giy
d nhilm ngudn nude.
Dua theo khdng gian vimg du
Ijch,
quy hoach cic diem thu gom rac thai tren timg tuye'n du
lich. Tai mdi didm thu gom ap dung cac bien phip xii ly so bd nhim dam bao ve sinh mdi trudng,
iranh tinh
trang ric thai vut bira bai, d nhilm nude rac. Lugng rac tai cac diem thu gom se dugc
dua di xir ly lai bai chdn lap chat thai gan nhat tren dia ban huyen. Tai cac didm du lich, bd trf cac
thiing
thu gom rac thai dal each nhau
tir
100-200m theo tuyen dudng du khach tham quan trong
18
khu du lich. Sau dd, vao cudi ngay (trong
miia
du lich)
id
dich vu mdi trudng lai cac didm du lich
se di thu gom rac tai cac thiing rac va dua
ddn
noi
xit
ly.
Cac giai phap nhim bao ve tai nguyen va mdi trudng trong qua trinh phat tridn du lich cin tip
trung vao cic giai phip phdng ngira la chinh,
tiic

la bao vd mdi trudng ngay trong qua trinh lap du
an, thiet ke', xay dung, cai tao, nang cip cic didm du lich va cac cdng trinh phuc vu du lich.
Xiy
dung
chie'n
luge,
ke"
hoach bao ve mdi trudng trong qua trinh phat tridn du lich tren dia ban huyen
phai de ra dugc nhutig dinh hudng phat tridn lau dai cho hoal ddng du lich trong mdi quan he chat
che vdi mdi trudng xay dung
nhihig
giai phip va
Id
trinh thuc hien cu thd dd khai thac lai nguyen
du lich, ban
che'
tic ddng de'n mdi trudng.
Xay dung co
che'
phd'i
hgp giua hai nganh Du lich va Tai nguyen mdi trudng trong van de bao
ve
mdi Irudng trong phat tridn du lich theo Quy hoach bao ve mdi trudng, chii trong trong vin dd
Ihim
dinh cac du an diu lu du lich, thanh tra, kidm tra viec bao ve mdi irudng trong cac hoal ddng
du lich, ling dung cdng nghe trong viec bao ve mdi Irudng du lich, lap bao cao hien trang mdi
irudng va cac boat ddng giao due cdng ddng vd bao ve mdi Irudng. Tang cudng diu tu cho bao ve
mdi Irudng, xay dung co che dd
trich
mdt phin tir thu nhap du lich tai diu

lu
bao ve mdi
trudng.
Xay dung danh hieu vd timg loai hinh Du lich dal lieu chuan ve mdi irudng dd cap danh hieu hang
nam. Tang cudng cdng tic thanh tra, kidm tra, xir
phai
kip thdi nhung vi pham trong vin dd bao ve
mdi trudng. Hang nam tie'n hanh so ket, danh gia linh hinh mdi trudng du lich, lap bao cio hien
trang mdi irudng du lich. Dao lao,
ning
cao kien
ihiic
nghiep vu chuyen mdn, cac kien
ihiic
vl
mdi trudng va phat tridn bdn vimg ddi vdi cin bd quan ly cung nhu ddi ngu hudng din vien,
nhirng ngudi tham gia boat ddng kinh doanh thuong mai - du lich. Long ghep trong cac boat ddng
tuyen truyen quang cio nhirng ndi dung vd nhiem vu bao ve tai nguyen mdi irudng du lich nhim
nang cao trich nhiem
ciia
moi ddi tugng tham gia vao boat ddng du lich tai khu vuc.
Dinh
hu&ng .\dy
dung hg tdng ca sa bao ve moi trudng
He thdng cap nude
Nu&c mat: Huyen Thudng Xuan cd mdt ngudn nude mat ddi dao. Hang nam tdng lugng
nude ddng chiy sdng sudi tu nhien cung cip 2.200
irieu
m^
nude mat. Do dia

hinh
bi chia cit
nhilu
nen phan bd
nude
mat khdng ddng
diu
trong loan huyen: cd noi du thira, cd noi
ihie'u
va trtr
lugng phu thudc
iheo
miia.
Toan huyen cd ldi 25 hd chiia nude vdi dien tfch 54,22 ha, 39 dip dil,
dip da va dap xay vdi 48,9 ha va he thdng kenh muong ludi lieu phuc vu ddi sdng va trdng trot.
Hien nay cung nhu trong tuong lai ngudn nude mat cung cip cho cac boat ddng sinh boat va sin
xuil tren dia ban huyen
chii
yeu dugc lay lir he thdng sdng Chu vdi cac nhanh nhu Sdng Khao,
sdng Am, sdng Dat, sdng Ding va hd chiia thuy dien Cira Dal.
Cdng trinh Hd chira
nude
Cira Dal hien nay da dugc chfnh phii phe
duyel
va dang trong
giai doan diu tu xay dung vdi dung tfch 1,45 ly
m"*
nude.
Cdng trinh hd Cira Dat cd nhiem vu
chfnh: cit lu sdng Chu cho viing ha luu; tao ngudn tudi dn dinh cho 86.862 nghin ha dit canh

tie
vung nam va bic sdng Chu (trong dd cd khoang 50.000 ha
ciia
he thdng
ihuy
ndng Bai Thugng);
phat dien vdi cdng suit 88-97 MW; cap nude vdi luu lugng 7,7
m'
/giay cho san xual cdng nghiep
va nude sinh hoat cho vung dan cu rdng
Idn
cua linh Thanh Hoa; bd sung
nude
mua kiet cho ha
luu sdng Ma dd diy man, cai lao mdi trudng sinh thai vdi luu lugng Q=30,42mVs,
thiic
day cac
nganh kinh te, xa hdi
ciia
Thanh Hoa ndi chung va Thudng Xuan ndi rieng.
Tuy nhien, viec xay dung hd chiia va dap thuy dien
lilm
an nhilu nguy co ddi vdi mdi
irudng tu nhien cho sinh vat va ngudi dan huyen Thudng
Xuin
va cac huyen ha luu sdng Chu. Dd
dal dugc nhirng muc lieu khai thac tdng hgp, tdi uu, lau
bin
va bao ve cd hieu qua hd
chu'a

Cira
Dat cin phai cd mot quy hoach quan ly mdi trudng \'a tai nguyen
nude
hd hgp ly, bao gdm: kidm
soat chat lugng va
du"
tru
nude
hd; kidm soil viec thuc hien ke hoach sin xual dien
ciia
tram thuy
dien; quan ly
nudi
trdng va danh bat thuy sin trong vung hd va ha du; bao dam an loan van lai
19
thuy, du lich
nghi
ngoi va didu dudng
slic
khoe tren hd; theo doi tinh hinh bdi ling long hd;
ke
hoach hoa cac bien phap bao ve tai nguyen hd chiia; du bao ban ngin, ban
vijra
va han dai cac yeu
td cua mdi trudng sinh thai, dac biet la cac
y^u
to thdi tiet, thuy van phuc vu cho cac cdng viec
^
quan ly hd hang ngay, mua va nam.
Nu&c

ngdm:
Can
cii
theo cic tai lieu dia chit va thuy van, khu vuc huyen Thudng Xuan
gdm cac xa Xuan Chinh, Xuan Ldc, Xuan Le cd luu lugng nude ngim tuong ddi phong
phii
(q:
0,2-0,51S/m; Q: 1 - 0,51S). Cac xa Ngoc Phung,
Xuin
Duong, thi trin Thudng Xuan, Tho Thanh,
Xuan Cao, Luan Thanh, Luan Khe, Tan Thanh va mdt phin ciia Luong Son, luu lugng nude ngim
tuong ddi giau nhung lai khdng ddng deu
giOa
cac khu vuc (q: 0,5<q<0,21S/m;
1<Q<41S).
Xa Yen
Nhan va phin
Idn
khu vuc xa Luong Son la nhung viing ngheo
nude
va hiu nhu khdng cd kha
nang khai thac nude dudi dat.
Vi vay, viec xay dung hd chira nude Ciia Dal khi di vao van hanh se gdp phin nang cao
muc nude ngim khu vuc, do am khdng khi, lugng mua cd thd tang len. Do dd, tao dieu kien cho
cac boat ddng ndng lim nghiep phit tridn va hinh thanh cac vimg chuyen canh trdng cac loai ciy
cdng nghiep, nguyen lieu va cdng nghiep che bie'n sin phim ndng lam cdng nghiep.
Thodt
nU&c
vd
xU

ly
Cd the ndi he thdng sdng Chu va cic nhanh nhu Sdng Khao, sdng Am, sdng Dat, sdng
Ding hien dang vira la ngudn cung cip nude chfnh cho cac boat ddng phat tridn kinh te xa hdi
tren dia ban huyen Thudng
Xuin,
ddng thdi cung la noi
ihoat
nude chfnh cho cac boat ddng san
xuit, khai thac, che bien khoang sin va sinh boat cua con ngudi. Di giam thidu tac ddng d nhilm,
mdl sd djnh hudng xii ly
n\x6c
thii dugc
dl
xuit nhu sau:
- Ddi vdi nude thai sinh boat
ciia
cic khu din cu, trong dd chu yeu la cac khu dan cu tip
trung ddng ngudi nhu khu vuc Thi trin Thudng
Xuin;
khu vuc Khe Ha (xa Luan Thanh). Theo ket
qua du bao den nam 2020, din sd loan huyen se
la 91267
ngudi. Khi dd nhu ciu
nude
sach la
9126,7
mVngudi.
Luu lugng nude thai sinh hoal nam 2020 la 7757,70
mV
ngay. Lugng

nude
thai
nay neu khdng dugc xii ly se gay anh hudng manh tdi chat lugng nude cac thuy vuc. Vl vay can:
quy hoach xir ly nude thii di qua hd gas ling va xir ly so bd bing phuong phip sinh hoc trudc khi
dd ra he thdng thai chung; lan dung cac hd, ao tao thanh hd dieu hoa, tu lam sach nude thai; cac
thi
Iran
phai cd he thdng ihoat va xir ly
nude
thai sinh boat dal lieu chuin nude thai loai
B
dugc
dung cho ludi nude sin xuil ndng nghiep.
Nude
thai va chat thai cua cac trang
Irai
chan nudi tap
trung phai dugc thu gom, xir ly va thu hdi khf biogas trong cic he thdng xir ly
nude
thai cue bd.
Nude thai lang
nghi,
co sd sin xuil va che bie'n khoang san cin dugc thu gom va
xii
ly trudc khi
thai ra mdi trudng.
Nude
chay
Iran
qua khu md, nude ngim tir bai chiia chat thai rin thi cin dugc

Ihu
gom va xu ly bing phuong phap hda hoc dal lieu chuan cho phep trudc khi dd thai ra mdi
trudng.
3.2. De xuat cac du an kinh
te
xa hoi
iru
tien den nam 2020
5.L1.
xay
dung cac trung tam dd thi
Hien tai, trong pham vi dia gidi huyen Thudng Xuan mdi cd 01 dd thi duy nhat la thi
Iran
Thudng Xuan. Viec
hinh
thanh hd thuy
Igi
va nha may thuy dien Cira Dat, cung nhu su phat trien
kinh le xa hdi dia phuong chic chin din ldi viec hinh thanh cac khu dd thj mdi va md rdng quy
md thj tran Thudng Xuan hien nay. Dua vao
dilu
kien lu nhien, cd thd dua ra du bao ve su hinh
thanh 4 trung tam diu mdi, boat ddng nhu cac dd
ihi
quy md thi tran: thi tran Thudng Xuan, thi
trin Cira Dal, thi tran Luong Son, thi trin Bat Mot. Chiic nang
ciia
cac thi tran tren, cd the tdm tit
nhu
sau:

Thj tran Thirdng Xuan: Thi
Iran
Thudng Xuan dang giu vai trd
la
trung tam chfnh tri kinh te
hien nay co dia
hinh
kha bing phing, nim d dau mdi giao thdng tuyen dudng den
bien gidi
Lao
20
va cac huyen cdn lai cua tinh Thanh Hoa,
cflng
nhu de'n cac xa trong huyen.Du bao, trong giai
doan tdi quy md dan sd va khdng gian dd thi cua thi trail Thudng
Xuin
se gia tang vdi tdc do cao.
Du bao
d^n
nam 2020, quy md dan sd ciia huyen Thudng Xuan khoang 20.000 - 30.000 ngudi.
^
Ngoai chiic nang trung tam chinh tri ciia huyen, thi trin Thudng Xuan se trd thanh trung
lam
thuong mai dich vu, diu mdi giao thdng va cac nganh tidu thu cdng nghiep cua huyen thudng
Xuan.
Thi tran
Ciira
Dat: Khu dan cu Cira Dat cd
Igi
the'

nim gin dip va nha may thuy dien, cd khu di
lich
den Cim Ba Thudc, nim tren dudng giao thdng tdi cac xa cd lilm nang ve khoang sin la
Xuin
Le va Xuan Chinh. Tuy nhien, do dia
hinh
khu vuc ddc, quy dit
dd
phat tridn dd
ihi
han che.
Du bao den nam 2020, quy md dan sd thi trin Ctra Dal vao khoang lir
5.000
- 7.000 ngudi. Khu
vuc dd
ihi
luong lai se lap trung
phii
tridn tren phin dien tfch doc theo sdng Khao, tren dudng lir
nga ba Cira Dat den cac xa
Xuin
Le va Xuan Chinh. Chiic nang chu yeu
ciia
thi
Iran
Cira Dat la
thuong mai dich vu va van boa du lich.
Thj tra'n
Luonp
S(m:

Hien tai. Luong Son
danq la
didm dan cu
ndns
thdn quy md nhd. Tuy
nhien, do cac uu the': dia hinh bing phing, giao thdng thuan
Igi;
nim gin cac
dilm
khoang sin Lu,
Sn, Sb, Kaolin; rit thuan tien dd phat trien kinh te' xa hdi long hd (du lich long ho
Ciia
Dat, nudi
trdng thuy sin
nude
nggt, giao thdng dudng thuy tren hd), trong tuong lai khdng xa day se trd
thanh mdt didm dd thi cdng nghiep - du lich - thuong mai dich vu. Du bao quy md dan sd Lucmg
Son se dal
mure 10.000
- 15.000 vao nam 2020.
Thi tran Bat Mot:
Bai
Mot cd
Igi
the nim gin vdi cira khau bien gidi vdi tinh Ho Phan, Lao;
ddng thdi co thuan
Igi
giao thdng dudng bd vdi cac thi tran va cac xa bien gidi cua
hu\en
Thudng

Xuan. Trong dia ban didm dan cu Bat Mot hien tai, cd don bien phong va tru sd UBND xa Bat
Mot, mot sd
cir
dan kinh doanh dich vu thuong mai. Quy mo va loc do
phai liien ciia ihi
tran Bat
Mot phu thudc
viio
mdi quan he thuong mai qudc te vdi Lao va chat lugng dudng giao
ihong
tu thi
Iran
Thudng Xuan di bien gidi hien dang dugc Nha
nude
dau tu. Chiic nang chu yeu cua thi trin
Bat Mot trong tuong lai la trung tam kinh te ddi ngoai va dau mdi giao thong cac xa
bien
gidi.
Ngoai cac thi
Iran
lilm nang tren, huyen Thudng Xuan cdn cd kha nang phat
iridn
cac do thi va
die'm
dan cu lap trung doc theo duong Hd Chf Minh, chay qua cac xa nam
a
ddng
Nam
huyen.
5.1.2.

Phat trien giao thdng huyen Thudng Xuan
Hai loai hinh
giao
thdng chu yeu du kien se dugc dau tu phat
iriln
trong
tifong hii
gin d
huyen thudng Xuan la giao thdng dudng bd va giao thong
duong
thuy.
Giao thong dudng bg: Hien tai. huyen Thudng Xuan dang rat khd khan ve giao
ihong
dudng bd
tir
trung lam
huyen
den cac xa. Ngoai dudng Ho
Chi
Minh chay qua cac xii nam d Ddng Nam
huven Thudng Xuan chi co mot so dudng giao thong bd dugc rai
uhua,
ndi trung tam huyen vdi
thanh pho
'iTianh
Hoa va cdng
tnn
ng xay dung dap va nha may
inuy dien cua
uat.

Yruc dudng
giao Ihdng ho
chii
ye'u cua huyen la tuyen noi thi
Iran
Thucmg Xuan
\'6i
Bat Mot va cac xa bien
gidi,
hien dang duoc
dfn
tu xay dung
nidi ihay
cho tuyen cu mot phin hi ngap
nudc
khi van hanh
ho
c
hira. Tuven
siao
ihong cd vai trd quan Irons
thii
hai bat dau
lir
nga ba Cua Dal den cac xa
Xu
'H Le
Xuan Chinh
\a hu\en
Que Phong, tinh Nghe

AJ
Tu ba
true
giao ihdng chfnh noi tren,
cd she'
plial
tridn giao
lliong
den trung tarn cac xa. Su phat trien giao thong duong bo se co lac
ddng
lich circ
tdi
vice phai
trien kmh
fe
dong
hio
dan loc
a
cac
va \ung
cao, cung nhu phat
triln
nhanh cdng nghiep khai khoang dang co nhieu lilm nang tren dia ban
huyen Ihiidng
Xuan.
(fiao
ihdnj?,
duimi;
thuy tren long hd thuy

dien ( ua
Dat:
Vdi
dung
lich nuoc
1.^64,8
trieu
m'
va
.C^OO
ha
6 mLfc pudc
cao,
keo
dai khoang 50 km tren
dia gidi
huven Thirdng Xuan va
ha^g
c:hiic
km MCI)
dia gidi huven Que
Phong,
tinh Nghe
An:
h6
thuy
Igi Ciia ))at irong
tuong lai se trd
• hanh
dnong iiiao

thong thuy quan trong trong cdng
(uoc phai
Irien
kinh
te xa hoi
dia
phuong.
L^uont;
iliuv
nay cho
pliep
tien can
vdi
cac ban lang dong bao dan
loc,
\an chuyen hang hoa va
21
d
phat tridn du lich. Trung tam diu mdi giao thdng dudng thuy tren hd, theo
chiing
tdi thuan
Igi
nha't la
x3
Luong Son,
5.1.3-
Phat trien cong nghiep
Hai tidm nang chinh dd phat tridn cdng nghiep tai huyen Thudng Xuan la khoang sin va
san phim rirng.
Cong nghiep khai thac va che bien khoang san: Thudng Xuan la mdt trong cic huyen cd lilm

nang khoing san
Idn
cua linh Thanh Hoa. Hien da phat hien va tham dd mdt sd
loai
hinh khoang
san chfnh: quang Sn, Sb, Cu
dcac
xa Luong Son, Ngoc Phung, thi trin Thudng
Xuin;
Kaolin d
Luong Son va Xuan Cao, da quy (Topa, berm) d Xuan Le, Thach Anh d Xuan Le, Xuan Chinh;
nhilu didm khoang san khac (quang vang va di dp lit) dang dugc dilu tra va lap ke hoach khai
thac.
Vdi cac lilm nang khoing sin da neu tren, trong luong lai cdng nghiep khai thac va che bien
khoing san cua huyen Thudng Xuan se phat
iridn
manh me, gdp phin lang nhanh tdc do phat
Irien kinh le dia phuong. Hai trung lim chfnh trong khai thac va che bien khoang sin se la thi
Iran
Thudng Xuan va thj trin Luong Son. Tuy nhien, cic md khoang sin huyen Thudng
Xuin
thudng
cd quy md nhd, do dd lanh dao dia phuong can cd chinh sach thu but cac nha diu tu trong nude
tham gia vao thi trudng nay.
Cdng nghiep che bien lam sam: Thudng Xuan cd
lidm
nang
Idn
vl lim sin va cac san phim
rung, bao gdm rirng tu nhien va rimg trdng. Cac mat hang lim san ndi tieng cua Thudng Xuan

la
gd cac loai, que, dugc lieu. Thudng
Xuin
cdn cd uu the trong viec tiep can vdi lai nguyen rung
cua nude ban Lao. Do vay, huyen Thudng Xuan cin xay dung mdt chien luge khai thac va che
bien lam san hgp ly dd bao ve dugc rimg tu nhien. rung diu ngudn, nhung tao ra su tang trudng
nhanh vl kinh le rirng.
5.L4.
Phat trien ndng nghiep
Dien tfch dil canh lac hien nay
ciia
huyen cd sd lugng be, nhung tiem nang
I6r\
trong viec
md rdng dal canh lac tren vd phong boa cac da gdc vung Thudng Xuan rat day, giiu chat dinh
duong, dilu kien khf hau dn hoa thuan
Igi
cho trdng trot. Do vay, viec phat tridn ndng nghiep
ci'ia
huyen cin lap trung vao muc lieu: cung cip mdl phin luong thuc thuc phim tai chd cho ngudi dan
dja phuong, dac biel la ngudi din ldc thidu sd, tao ra cac gia tri
Idn
tir cay cdng nghiep, cay dac
dung. Quy dil dd canh tie bao gdm cic dien trdng lua miu trong cic thung lung va
thim
sdng,
cung nhu quy dal md rdng tren cac sudn ddi cd do ddc <
35°.
Nganh chan nudi dai gia sue, gia
cim cd kha nang phat trien md rdng, nhung khdng

Idn
vl quy md va doanh thu.
5.L5.
Bao ve
rimg
tu nhien
Bao ve rimg tu nhien va trdng rimg sin xual phai trd thanh chien
luge
kinh te xa hdi
ciia
huyen, nhim
bii
dip dien tfch rimg bi ngap trong
Idng
hd Cira Dat va duy
tri
uu the vl kinh te
ciia
huyen. Phuong hudng chu ye'u de
phai
buy manh thu nhap kinh te do trdng va bio ve rimg la:
trdng rimg san xuil cac loai ciy quy, cd gia tri kinh te cao (que, ludng, cay thudc, v.v.), thu hut
vdn diu tu cua Nha
nude
trong viec bao ve rimg diu ngudn, rimg tu nhien; vdn dau
lu ciia
cac du
an trdng rirng theo co che phat tridn sach (CDM).
5.L6.
Phat trien du Ijch

Cac liem nang
Idn
de phat tridn du lich huyen Thudng Xuan, gdm: cac di tfch lich su van
hoa (den Cam Ba
Tliudc,
din
12 Ba Chiia Thugng Ngan); tai nguyen riing tu nhien vdi trung lam
la khu bao tdn thien nhien
Xuin
Lien; dap, nha may thuy dien va hd chiia Cira Dal; cac tri
thiirc
van hoa ban dia
ciia
ngudi dan tdc Thai, Tay, Mudng; quan he giao
lim
qudc le vdi
linh Hiia
Phan,
Lao.
Cac loai
hinh
du lich cd kha nang phat trien bao gom: du lich sinh thai, du lich tam linh, du
lich van hoa thuong mai. Cac tuye'n du lich
chii
yeu gdm: du lich
din
Cim Ba Thudc -
din 12
Ba
Chiia

Tliugng
Ngan - dap va nha may thuy dien Cira Dat: du lich sinh thai khu bao tdn thien nhien
Xuan Lien - van hoa ban dia dan tdc Thai - Tay
-
Mudng; du lich
Idng
hd thuy dien Cira Dal.
Trung tam diu mdi du lich ia thi trail Thudng Xuan va thi
trail
Luong Son. Dd phat tridn kinh le
du lich cin cd
sir
phdi hgp diu
lu
ciia nha
nude
trong viec xay dung cd sd ha ting (dudng giao
^
thdng,
b^n
cang, bai dd xe) va cac doanh nghiep (ha ting nha d, dich vu didm tham quan, dich vu
hudng din du khach, v.v.), dao lao ddi ngu hudng din vien du
lich.
5.1.7. Nuoi trong va khai thac ca hd
Ciia
Dat
Vdi dien tfch mat
nude
rdng tdi 3.300 ha, dung tfch khdi nude huu fch 1.070 trieu
m\

sinh
khdi bi phan buy sau khi ngap nude theo tfnh loan la 52.000 tin. Lugng sinh khdi ndi tren
kiii
phan buy se lam mil di khoang 3.354 tin oxy va tao ra hang nghin tin
CH4.
Sinh khdi bi phan buy
trong Idng hd khi bi ngap nude se la ngudn thiic an rat
Idn
ciia ddng va thuc vat
phii
du, cic loai
ci.
Qua trinh phan buy se
diln
ra manh me trong khoang 3-5 nam sau khi tfch nude
Idng
hd va
giam de'n
miic
dn djnh vao nam
ihir
10. Su phat tridn bung nd cua ddng thuc val
phii
du sau khi
tfch
nude
hd se la ngudn
ihiic
an cho ci nude
ngol

ban dia va la co hdi cho viec nudi trdng, khai
thac thuy sin long hd.
Vice
nudi trdng va khai thac
Ihuy
san nude nggt hd thuy dien cdn la giai
phap giim thidu tic ddng gay d nhilm nude hd trong giai doan tfch nude ban diu. Giai phap nudi
trdng va khai thac thuy sin nude ngol trong cac hd thuy dien da dugc tridn khai thanh cdng d hd
thuy dien Thac Ba, hd thuy dien Tri An va nhidu hd chiia khic d Quang Nam va Tuyen Quang.
Viec xay dung du an
"
Quy hoach nudi trdng va khai thac thuy sin
nude
ngol long hd thuy dien
Cira Dal" dang la nhu ciu cap bach
ciia
linh Thanh Hoa va huyen Thirdng
Xuin
trong thdi diem
hien nay. Theo chung tdi, mdl sd muc lieu kinh
te'
ky thuat cua du in nay la: xac dinh cac loai ca
Iha
tu nhien vao
Idng
hd, cac loai ca nudi long be tren hd; hinh
ihirc
td chiic hoat ddng nudi trdng
va khai thac thuy san (Cdng ly quan ly nudi trdng va khai thac ca nude nggt Cua Dat + cac lap thd
va cac nhan nudi ca long be tren hd ); xac dinh vi

iri
trung tam dich vu nudi
irdng
- danh bit - che
bien ca nude ngol
(Ihi Iran
Luong Son !). Muc lieu sin luong ca
5.000
- 10.000 lin / nam tir na.n
2015.
5J.8.
Xay dung quan he thuong mai ddi ngoai vdi Lao
Nhu da ndi tren, Thudng Xuan cd vi trf dat biel trong cic huyen
ciia
Thanh Hoa trong quan
he ddi ngoai vdi Lao, vl dudng giao thdng bd qua Thudng Xuan ndi thanh pho Thanh Hoa vdi
tinh
Hiia
Phan dugc xem
ngdn
va bing phang nhat (ngin hon dudng giao thdng vdi Lao hien nay dia
qua Quan Hoa khoang 100 km, ddng thdi ft ddc hon). Hien dudng giao thdng nay dang dugc cai
tao xay mdi theo tuyen tir thi
Iran
Thudng den Bat
Mgl,
thay the cho dudng giao thdng da bi ngap
Irong long hd mdt phin, khi tfch nude. Tuy nhien, dd phat tridn kinh
teddi
ngoai \di Lao, ngoai

viec trien khai nhanh viec xay dung dudng giao thdng ndi tren, chfnh
quyin
dia phuong can cd ke
hoach vdi phfa Lao tridn khai xay dung va
ning
cap dudng giao thdng tir bien gidi
Viet
Lao tai
Thudng Xuan den trung tam tinh
Hiia
Phan,
cQng
nhu viec
phdi
hgp phat tridn kinh te ddi ngoai
Viet - Lao ndi chung va Thanh Hoa - Hiia Phan ndi rieng.
5.L9.
Chuong trinh quan
trie
moi trudng
Muc tieu
ciia
chuong Irinh quan
trie
mdi trudng
ciia
huyen Thudng Xuan la quan
trie
cl:
•!

lugng mdi trudng
nude,
dat, khdng khf va diln bien cac ngudn lai nguyen trong qua trinh xay
dung, van hanh hd chiia
Ciia
Dat va boat ddng kinh
te
xa hdi. Mot sd ndi dung cu
ihd ciia
chuong
Irinh quan
trie
gdm:
Mdi trudng dia chat: ddi lugng quan
trie la
cac bieu hien ddng dit kfch thfch va ling dong tram
tfch do qua trinh
ifch
nirdc trong hd Cira Dat. Cac vi tri quan trie: thi tran Thudng Xuan, nha may
thuy dien Cira dat, khu
\'irc
xa Luong Son. Thdng sd quan
trie
la cudng do cac tran ddng dat va
anh hudng
ciia
cac tran dong dat kfch thfch. Phuong phap quan trie ddng dat bing thiet bi dia
chan va do dac
ink
dien long hd theo cac tuyen cd dinh.

23
M6I trudng khong
khi:
ddi tugng quan trie la cha't lugng khdng khf xung quanh khu vuc dd thj
v^
khu khai thac khoang san. Cac vi
tri
quan
trie
chii yeu bao gdm: thi
Iran
Thudng Xuan, Cua
D^t,
khu vuc du kie'n phat tridn hoat ddng khai thac khoang sin (Luong Son, Xuan Le, Xuan
Chmh.
v.v.). Cac thdng
.sd
quan
trie:
SOj,
CO, NOX,
O,,
bui tdng. Phuong phip quan trie la miu
mau va do dac theo quy dinh.
Moi trudng daft: ddi tugng quan trie la
miic
do xdi mdn dil va d nhilm dat khu vuc dd thi boa.
Cac vi trf quan
iric lira
ebon la dit canh

tie
ndng nghiep nim d phfa bic hd Cira Dal va vi tri bai
rac.
Cac thdng sd quan
trie
la cac thdng sd xdi mdn dat (lugng dil xdi mdn tren
1
don vi dien tfch
va
sir
rira trdi chat dinh dudng) va d nhilm dit khu vuc dd thi do boat ddng xa thai chit d nhilm.
Phuong phap quan trie la thie't lap tram xdi mdn va
liy
miu do dac thuong xuyen.
Moi trudng
nude
mat: ddi lugng quan
trie
la
nude
hd thuy dien va nude mat sdng Khao. Cic vi
tri quan
trie
la
vj
trf cira xa nude nha miy thuy dien Cira Dal; diu kenh cap nude cho he thdng
thuy
Igi
Bic sdng Ma; khu vuc diu ngudn giap vdi huyen Que Phong, Nghe An;
nude

sdng
Kh^o
trudc khi hoa luu vdi sdng Dat tai Cira Dat.Cac thdng sd quan
trie
dua theo tieu chuin TCVN
5942/2005,
trong dd cac thdng sd quan
irgng
nhit gdm: BOD5, TSS, coliforms. Phuong phap quan
trie la thiet lap cac tram quan
trie
cd dinh va liy miu do dac theo chuong trinh quan trie mdi
Irudng.
Tai nguyen
rirng:
ddi tugng quan trie la diln bien rimg
lu
nhien huyen
ITiudng
Xuan. Phuong
phap quan
trie
la
sii
dung anh
viln
thim, anh ve linh cd do phan giai cao va he thdng lin dia ly.
Tai nguyen sinh hoc: ddi lugng quan
trie
tai nguyen sinh hoc la ddng vat can trong khu bao tdn

thien nhien Xuan Lien va ddng val
nude
thugng va ha luu dap thuy dien Cira Dat. Ddi vdi ddng
vat can, khu vuc
chii
yeu cin quan trie la khu bao tdn thien nhien Xuan Lien. Ddi vdi ddng vat
nude
dd la ca thugng va ha luu dap thuy dien Cira Dat.
24