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BÀI BÁO CÁO THỰC TẬP-THIẾT KẾ NHÀ MÁY SẢN XUẤT SỮA TƯƠI THANH TRÙNG VÀ YAOURT TIỆT TRÙNG

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 
 
 
 !" !#$%&%'()*+, /0.12*345
6-7.8 /9*+ :;*7.8 /</=*+*+ :;*7.8 
6-7.8 /9*+ :;*7.8 
66-7.8 /9/=*+*+ :;*7.8 :
>*/&%'?@A:BC*+*<5D:
E&%'?,&$7F6
6G%"*+HI% J%%'K*+H !L*+*+.836
.$K%L*+
M+ N**A*7C!
MO*+1 P%12*7(Q*+!#$*<5D:M
"*6RSTUV W
6.0.%.8 /9*+ :;*7.8 !?*X$%(Y.W
6?*!P%/J%7F/<!P %'Z![$7F!#$1X$%(Y.W
66<*3"*[$>!!#$1X$%(Y.W
6R; !" /91X$%(Y.%'K*+12*@ P%6\
66+ :;*7.8 12*@ P%3]^%'K*+_ :%'`*12*@ P%:$K '%%' :9*%-*+a6
66P%b*,&*^3]+.$a6
666E.1.*/J%66
62*3456M
cdEeRfRghT
UV 6i
Y,N_ :%'`*!L*+*+812*@ P%1X$%(Y.%$*%'=*+HL*+,()*+/<
:$K '%%.8%%'=*+6i
6 :j%5.*_ :%'`*^f :%'`*%$5H2K%G.*<5D:a6


6 :j%5.*!D!_ D%'`*! *+!#$6BA:! :9*12*@ P%6
66 :j%5.*!K_ :%'`*1X$%(Y.%$*%'=*+HL*+,()*+6
6 :j%5.*!KBA:! :9*12*@ P%:$K '%BG*++k7^:$K '%%' :9*
%-*+aM
"*MlmEV i
M)./]*+ :;*7.8 i
M6jKG!12*@ P%i
M(Y*+%'`*12*@ P%i
MMA*no*+/J%!P%p
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MM6?*!A*no*+/J%!P%!KBA:! :9*12*@ P%:$K '%BG*++k7p
MM?*!A*no*+/J%!P%!KBA:! :9*12*@ P%1X$%(Y.%$*%'=*+
HL*+,()*+
MMM?*!A*no*+/J%!P%!KBA:! :9*12*@ P%! *+M\
WqrsM
W.j%n&! *+!K!26_ :%'`*MM
WUknN*MM
W$*H!t$1X$%(Y.MM
W6u&*7(Q*+MW
W.j%n&! 4*[$MW
WM.j%n&@v7F*.8%Mi
WW.j%n&,N*+[$7"*Mp
W6.j%n&!K_ :%'`*1X$%(Y.%$*%'=*+M
W6.j%n&H P:%'w*M
W66.j%n&7>!M
W6N*!t$%'(0!H.,N*+[$M
W6M.j%n&,N*+KD7"*6M
W6W.j%n&%$*%'=*+M
W6ig[%W
W.j%n&!K_ :%'`*1X$! $%.8%%'=*+W6

W.j%n&!P:+ *+W6
W6.j%n&7;*5k*W
W.j%n&3 %'w*WM
WM.j%n&'[%WW
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i6?*@A:BC*+i
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i66D!!L*+%'`*HD!i6
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i.8*%?!H ,P%i
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iMRxymeRp\
"*p?*,.8*zY.{*(0!{7G* p6
p?*,.8*p6
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76u.8*B=*+!K,w*+7C!pM
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p2.1.?*!.3?Y.p
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p?*!.3?7G*!KHK7G*%'K*+3A*@(~*+!?*i
pM?*!.3?7G*!KHK%<*345p
pWb*+!.3?7G*
7.4q•€
pM(0!B=*+!K7•Y.
pM6(0!B=*+!K1.*KG%
pM(0!B=*+/81.*%.j%n&
pMM(Q*+*(0!1.*KG%/</81.*!K!2*<5D:%'K*+*+<:7<
pMWKD%*(0!
q 
E-*," %(!K%<.12*!-,&*
E-*@A:BC*+*<5D:
6E-*," %(!K5D:5[!‚%.j%n&
E-*," %(!K%<.12*!-,&*6
6?*7(Y*+6
6$K,w*++.D*%.j36
66$K,w*+%'C!%.j3
?*!.3?12*@ P%%'K*+*O5
.3?*.;*7.; ‚*O*+7(Q*+1vB]*+! *+
6.3?*+ :;*/J%7.8 !?*/<3]!#$%ƒ*+BA:! :9*12*@ P%M
M?*+.D%<*!K,Y*/&12*345M
W?*+.D%<*!K12*345W
i?*.8 _ 2H.*%jp
i?*7„./$:*+A*<*+%'K*+*O5>*7„.1 P%6…†*O5^, /0.
*+<*!L*+*+.83*‡ap
i6?*%b*+/-*," %(

i?*BK$*% ^% jEa
iM jBK$*% 7P:6W…BK$*% 
iWQ.* J*% ,$1$ % j
ii).+.$*K<*/-*!#$BCD*
reruˆEeETeR \\
*%K<*7$K,w*+\\
*%K<*%.j%n&\\
6*%K<*,.8*\\
*%K<*/9Y.\
M•*+!D:/<!X$!D:\
WD!7‰*/C!HD!\
6E81.**<5D:\
6E81.*!D*A*\6
66E81.**<@(~*+\6
6(Y*+%'`*\6
6ML*++.[!K*<5D:\
6W.j 1D*+\
P3%KD%*(0!\
P3*(0!\
6KD%*(0!\M
EeuŠUV‹ \W
DANH SÁCH CÁC BẢNG :
Bảng 1 Bình quân sữa tiêu dùng /người hàng năm ( nguồn
) 9
Bảng 2 số lượng nhà máy và sản lượng sữa của các nhà máy khác 10
Bảng 3 Giá trị nhập khẩu sữa và các sản phẩm từ sữa ( Nguồn Cục chăn
nuôi, GSO) 11
Bảng 4. Thống kê số lượng lao động tại các KCN giai đoạn 2006- 2011
( Nguồn: Ban quản lý các KCN tỉnh Đồng Nai ) 13
Bảng 5 Yêu cầu sữa tươi nguyên liệu [2] 28

Bảng 6 Tiêu chuẩn về nước sản xuất (QCVN 02:2009/BYT)
28
Bảng 7 Tiêu chuẩn chất ổn định, phụ gia (TCVN 6471-98) 29
Bảng 8. Sơ đồ nhập nguyên liệu của nhà máy 36
Bảng 9. Kế hoạch sản xuất của nhà máy 36
Bảng 10 Chương trình sản xuất của nhà máy 36
Bảng 11. Cân bằng vật chất dây chuyền sữa chua tiệt trùng dạng gel 37
Bảng 12. Cân bằng vật chất quy trình sữa thanh trùng không đường 39
Bảng 13. Cân bằng vật chất dây chuyển sản xuất chung 40
Bảng 14. Cân bằng vật chất hai dây chuyền sản xuất của nhà máy 42
Bảng 15. Tóm tắt thiết bị của nhà máy 43
Bảng 16. Bảng thời gian làm việc 57
Bảng 17. Thời gian làm việc của các thiết bị làm việc gián đoạn 58
Bảng 18. Số nhân công làm việc gián tiếp 59
Bảng 19. Số nhân công làm việc trực tiếp 60
Bảng 20. Bảng tóm tắt kích thước của các công trình khác trong nhà máy. .62
Bảng 21. Bảng tóm tắt điện dân dụng của nhà máy 72
Bảng 22. Bảng tóm tắt điện động lực của nhà máy 74
Bảng 23. Lượng nhiệt sử dụng cho các quá trình trong 1 ngày 78
Bảng 24. Chi phí lạnh dùng cho sản xuất 85
Bảng 25. Lượng nước sử dụng cho nhà máy 88
Bảng 26. Vốn đầu tư cho thiết bị sản xuất 91
Bảng 27. Chi phí nhiên liệu, năng lượng 93
Bảng 28. Chi phí nguyên vật liệu của dây chuyền sữa tươi thanh trùng không
đường và yaourt tiệt trùng 94
Bảng 29. Năng suất và thời gian lao động trong năm 95
Bảng 30. Doanh thu hàng năm 98
DANH SÁCH CÁC HÌNH :
Hình. 1 Sơ đồ quy trình công nghệ 27
Hình. 2 Bồn chứa sữa Tetra Alsafe 45

Hình. 3 Thiết bị ly tâm Tetra Alfast Plus 46
Hình 4. Thiết bị gia nhiệt bản mỏng 47
Hình. 5Thiết bị đồng hóa Tetra Alex 47
Hình. 6 Thiết bị thanh trùng 50
Hình. 7 Thiết bị máy rót 51
Hình 8. Thiết bị cấy giống 52
Hình 9.Thiết bị lên men 54
Hình 10. Thiết bị phối trộn 55
Hình 11. Máy biến áp MBA 3 PHA 35/0.4 180 kVA 77
GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền

1.1 . Nhu cầu của thị trường đối với sản phẩm :
{ $ Y*$.5(Y.*O5,b.50.‚*(0!%$,„% ,(Q!%<*%C ,D*+H?!78%';*
*.9 7‰*/C!H.*%j‚/O*KD‚,).1-*+@„w.ŒC3D%%'.•*!#$,P%*(0!7<5
!K,).1-*+!#$*+().BA*%O*+7;*‚* !" B.*B(Ž*+!#$*+().BA*!•*+
%O*+!$KK,[‚*+<*!L*+*+8%C!3457<*+<*HK$>!_ $*%'>*+
%'K*+*9*H.*%j_ -!BA*[,D3t*+* !" B.*B(Ž*+!K!K**+()./<
+[33"*+.2._ :j%/.8!7<5!K*+().7$K,w*+'K*+,[32.H•,j**+<*
!L*+*+8!jn.j*1X$/<!D!12*345%ƒ1X$(0!%$![/&%'?,&$7F% J*7Q.‚
H?J *.8%,0.+.[5=$uA:7<,.9 H.8*'P%%-%!K/.8!!O** L.n•1X$
•%HD!*<*(0!%$,„%GK5>.,.9 H.8*%-%*P%!K1C3D%%'.•**+<*!L*+
*+.83!jn.j*1X$E.8%$5E95•%%&%'()*+‚*(0!%$.8**$:,$*+%.; %]
5G*!D!12*345%ƒ1X$*(1X$%(Y.%$*%'=*+‚%.8%%'=*+‚1X$! $ -*+
/<*.9 12*345HD!'K*+1-,[1X$%(Y.,(Q!@k57<%C!345'P%+.<
B.*B(Ž*+‚+.< /.%$5.*/<HKD*+!P%%ƒ%.;**.;*‚'P%%-%!K!Y%•X$
%(Y.HL*+*X*+,(Q!1vB]*+%()*+@ :;**(5w%%t! -*+<*+*+<:‚
5<!•*B=*+B(0.*.9 `*%t!HD!*$ %ƒ3$!j‚%'w*/0.%'D.!A:‚7<5
nD*/<%;5/<K!D!5[*O* !" %&%'()*+, /0.1X$%(Y.'P%!$K^pp‚
*+<*%P*1X$%$*%'=*+/<%.8%%'=*+‚6\\‚n`*_ A*1X$%.; B=*+," *+().
*O56\\7<M‚H+†*+().*O5a+K<.1X$*(0!:$K '%7<5w%%'K*+*X*+12*

3457;*5k*%ƒ1X$![5w%/&! $'P%,•!%'(*+‚(Y*+/&%Y5*+K*D!/.
H 4*7$!%.!![%'K*+:$K '%![7Q.!K8%.; [$!#$!K**+().‚7<5!J5_ D
%'`*7„K[$/<H‘KB<.% b.%>!#$!K**+().E<7(Q*+:$K '%%.; %]<*+
*O5!•*+HL*+%P3^W\‚*+<*%P*1X$! $†*O5‚6\\a
`*_ A*1X$%.; B=*+†*+().<*+*O5^*+ N*
 ! "!"#$%&'()*+, )
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 1
GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền

Năm
Dân số
(triệu)
B.quân sữa
tươi/ng/năm
(lít)
Tiêu thụ
sữa/ năm
(1000 tấn)
Tiêu thụ
sữa ng/
năm (lít)
TL sữa sản
xuất trong
nước (%)
6\\\ pp‚i \‚ii6 i6 ‚\ ‚
6\\ p‚\ \‚6\ { { {
6\\6 \‚\\ \‚\ { { {
6\\ ‚6\ ‚Wi\ { { {
6\\M 6‚W\ ‚M { { {
6\\W ‚6 6‚p \\M 6‚66 ‚

6\\i M‚\\ 6‚Wp\ \Wi 6‚p 6\‚66
6\\p M‚i\ 6‚pp 6 M‚pW ‚pp
6\\ W‚\ ‚\p 6Wp M‚ 6\\p
6\\ i‚\\ ‚6M { {
{ •!B=* !" !#$%&%'()*+, /0.!D!12*3451X$*[.! *+$:1X$%(Y.
/<:$K '%*[.'.;*+‚!•*+*(*+<*!L*+*+.83!jn.j*1X$5•!B=![*.9
*’7C!," %(‚3D%%'.•* :*.;*‚1-7(Q*+!D!*<5D:!jn.j*1X$HL*+
*.9 ‚H 7(Q*+!D!12*3451X$12*@ P%%'K*+*(0!!•*G*!j*;*/“*
!($,#,D3t*+* !" %.; %]%'K*+*(0!
Bảng 2 1-7(Q*+*<5D:/<12*7(Q*+1X$!#$!D!*<5D:HD!
^+ N*DK!DK!#$L*+%:b3"*1X$E.8%$5E.*$5.7H‚{6\\a
Chỉ tiêu 2004 2005 2006 2007
Công ty Vinamilk
-7(Q*+*<5D: p   
b*+  !L*+  1 P%
_ :  '$  1X$  %(Y.
<*+  *O5  ^\\\
7?%†*O5a
pipi 6 \ipi 6W
?*  '.;*+  !L*+
1 P%  1X$  %(Y.
pM\M \6pW 6Wii 6\p6
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 2
GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền
^\\\7?%†*O5a
Các công ty khác
-7(Q*+*<5D:
^  \…  12*  @ P%
1X$%(Y.a
   

{ E`%j!Z*+%$,„*J3*.9 7KG.1X$%ƒ*(0!*+K<.<*+*O5E.8%$5,$*+
*J35w%7(Q*+70*1X$,•,D3t*+* !" %.; %]%'K*+*(0!O56\\\+.D
%'&1X$*J3,G%M\‚%'.8 ‚*O56\\%O*+^+ N*]!O** L.‚6\\i‚
b*+!]!%-*+H;6\\a7;*WW%'.8 'K*+H.+.D%'&1X$@ P%H4
+.25‚!”,G%pi%'.8 J31.; 12*3451X$*O56\\7<MW%'.8 
{ K/J:/.8!@A:BC*+%;5*<5D:12*@ P%1X$%(Y.%$*%'=*+HL*+,()*+
/<:$K '%%.8%%'=*+1•,D3t*+5w%3"** !" !#$%&%'()*+‚!•*+*(%O*+
%;5%?*!G*%'$*!#$12*345*(0!*</0.!D!12*345*+KG.*J3H.
5<!”%&1-6M†{+/9/.8!%O*+!()*+%C!.8* w!/J*,w*+–+().
E.8%$5( %.;*B=*+<*+E.8%$5–,(Q!,($'$1•%GK,.9 H.8*!KH2
*O*+3D%%'.•*!#$*<5D:
1.2 . Số liệu về nguyên liệu và vùng nguyên liệu :
1.2.1 Số liệu về nguyên liệu :
{ •1X$,(Q!* L.~E.8%$5%()*+7<+ *+n•7$.<{E.8%/<n•7$..*B^!D.
7$.—+.X$n•/<*+E.8%$57$.n•.*Ba
2*O*+!K1X$
Loại bò Chu kỳ cho sữa Năng suất sữa trung
bình
•<{E.8% 6p\{\\*+<: \{\H+†*+<:
•7$..*B 6M\{p\*+<: \i{\H+†*+<:
+K<.'$,.9 H.8*5L.%'()*+‚H?J ! N*+* L.‚!D!!O51[!* L.B(Ž*+/<
!D!/˜%1X$!•*+![2*(~*+,j*%<*3"*/<12*7(Q*+1X$
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 3
GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền
1.2.2 Số liệu về vùng nguyên liệu
{ X$,(Q!% 5 $!#:j %ƒ!D!%'G.n•1X$K*+<*{uN*+*$.
{ ”*™N*+$.![WMpM$.8*%?!,P%%'-*+‚,N.%'>!!"*3#@$*7<
MpWp$7<*Y.% J*7Q.!K/.8!!O** L.n•1X$
{ ”*![%' :9*%-*+!O** L.n•1X$/0.1-7(Q*+n•1X$%';*%K<*%”*7<
ip\!K*^6\\a

{  :*.;*,•,25n2K*+ N**+ :;*7.8 !K*<5D:%`*+ :;*7.8 ![%•
*J3H4 %ƒ*(0!*+K<./`%kK%-*+H;*+ :;*7.8 %'K*+*(0!!”,D3t*+
,(Q!\…* !" 12*@ P%‚%'K*+H.,[p\…!•*7G.32.*J3H4 ^K5k'1‚
6\\a
Bảng 3.D%'&*J3H4 1X$/<!D!12*345%ƒ1X$^+ N*]!!O** L.‚
ra
Năm 6\\6 6\\ 6\\M 6\\W 6\\i 6\\p 6\\ †6\\
Giá trị
nhập
khẩu
(Nghìn
USD)
6WWi iW 6\M\ii *†$ \6iW Mi666 W\ 6pM\
1.3 . Chọn vị trí xây dựng nhà máy :
 C$!>*,&$,.•5
{ u•%š$!D!*+ :;*%˜!7C$!>*,&$,.•5*<5D:,•%%G.H !L*+*+.83.;*
•$‚3()*+*`*‚%<*3-.;*•$‚%”*uN*+$.uA:7<H !L*+
*+.83% w!,&$n<*%”*uN*+$.‚5w%%'K*+!D!/=*+H.*%j%'>*+,.•53?$
$5/<7<,&$3(Y*+%J3%' *+'P%*.9 H !L*+*+.83!2*(0!
1.3.1 Vị trí địa lý :
 w%5•%+.D3_ -!7w‚% :j*+.$K%L*+ :j%5G!˜!z*$5/<7<,.•5
+.$K7w+.X$uN*+$.z3zE•*+< 
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 4
GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền
{ D!%<*3-.;*•$WH5
{ D!%<*3-N?.*6WH5
{ D!1A*n$:A*Y*P%\H5
{ D!!2*+ZIMMH5
{ D!!2*+<.•*\H5
{ D!!2*+uN*+$.6H5

{ D!+$<.•*6H5
 b*+B.8*%?!WW$
1.3.2 Hạ tầng kỹ thuật trong khu công nghiệp :
{ .$K%L*+,()*++.$K%L*+/<,()*+*w.nwK<*!”*•%,()*+%'2.
n;%L*+*C$/0.%2.%'>*+^\{\†!56a
{ P3,.8*6%'G5n.j*D3M\E%ƒ7(0.,.8*_ -!+.$8%-*+! *+!P3,.8*
!K*<5D:*o5%'K*+5G*+7(0.,.8*! *+!P3!KH !L*+*+.83+K<.'$
,•,93•*+1C!-5P%,.8*7(0.,w%@ P%‚*<5D:BC%'X%;55w%1-5D:3D%
,.8*,•B=*+H.5P%,.8*
{ P3*(0!7(Q*+*(0!%.; %]%'K*+5w%*<5D:1X$7<'P%70*(0!1vB]*+
/0.!D!5]!,?!(0!3]%'Q*(0!1.*KG%‚*(0!7<55D%%.j%n&‚B=*+!K
*N.Y.‚1vB]*+!K! %'`*K/J:!P%7(Q*+!#$*(0!,($/<K12*
@ P%'P%_ $*%'>*+/<*[2*(~*+%'C!%.j3,j*!P%7(Q*+12*345<5D:
@A:BC*+5w%8%-*+@v7F*(0!‚/0.*+ N*! *+!P37<*(0!*+"5(0!1$ 
H.,(Q!@v7F32.,G%%.; ! 4**(0!B=*+!K12*@ P%1X$
{ Y.*(0!Y.*(0!7<5w%%'K*+*X*+*+ N*3]%'Q'P%_ $*%'>*+, /0.
5w%*<5D:12*@ P%‚%'K*+*<5D:Y.,(Q!B=*+/0.*.9 5]!,?!HD!
*$ ‚*(*+!#:j 7<B=*+!K12*@ P%‚!K1.*KG%u•,25n2K!KKG%
,w*+!#$*<5D:‚Y.!P332.7<Y.n„KK<‚,(Q!!P3n~.7•Y.![D31 P%›
‚W$%5
{ + N*! *+!P3*.;*7.8 ,•,25n2K!K7•Y.KG%,w*+%-%‚!K*.8%70*‚
1G!1•/<?%,w!G.,D3t*+,(Q!:; !" /912*@ P%!•*+*(,25n2K/8
1.*5L.%'()*+‚*<5D:1•1vB]*+B" r‚—r‚@O*+/<B" *)*,(Q!5 $
%ƒ*.9 *+ N*HD!*$ ‚![%•5 $%ƒ!L*+%:B" H?k%'K7.5k@
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 5
GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền
{ L*+%.*7.;*7G!n( ,.8*H !L*+*+.83.;*•$/-5G*+%L*+%.*
.8*,G./<!D!B&!/]n( !?*HD!1œ*1<*+!D!* !" ," %(!•*+*(
!P3B&!/]EK‚Œ
{ 8%-*+%KD%*(0!u.,L./0.!D!:; !" !P3*(0!‚/.8!%KD%*(0!%2.!•*+

HL*+H‘53"*_ $*%'>*+'K*+*<5D:1X$‚*(0!%2.!#:j 7<*(0!'v$
!D!%.j%n&%'K*+,[!#:j 7<KD!P%!w*+/0.!D!!P%X !Yz5L.%'()*+
% J*7Q.!K!D!/.1.*/J%3D%%'.•*K,[8%-*+%KD%*(0!32.,25
n2K%KD%j%*(0!‚HL*+n&t,>*+‚HL*+2*(~*+,j*/81.*‚5L.%'()*+
%'K*+H 12*@ P%!?*
{ Uv7F*(0!%2.*(0!%2.%ƒH !L*+*+.83.;*•$,(Q!% +K5/9%'G5
nY5/<,($/9@v7F%G.*<5D:@v7F*(0!%2..;*•$6/0.!L*+1 P%M\\\
5

†*+<:^!L*+1 P%%.j%Hj6W\\5

†*+<:a
{ .D,.8*W,N*+†H•
{ .D*(0!MW\,N*+†5


{ ?@v7F*(0!%2.\‚6†5


1.3.3 Giao thông :
{ .;*•$7<," 5 +.$K%L*+_ $*%'>*+!#$_ -!+.$
{ u()*+nw%<*-.;*•$![8%-*+,()*+nw/0.*.9 !K*,()*+
 :j%5G!!#$uN*+$./<!2*(0!*(_ -!7w‚_ -!7wW‚f -!7w‚
”*7wpi‚”*7wi‚
{ u()*+1˜%%<*3-![8%-*+,()*+1˜%-*+P%!G:*+$*+_ $%<*
3-
{ u()*+<*+HL*+<*3-.;*•$![/&%'?HD% J*7Q.H.'P%+"*/0.
!D!1A*n$:*(A*n$:_ -!%jA*Y*P%^WH5a‚A*n$:f -!%jK*+
<*^\H5a‚%<*3-!•*![A*n$:.;*•$7<1A*n$:_ A*1C70**P%
!2*(0!

1.3.4 Nguồn nhân lực :
{ A*1-%”*uN*+$.\ip*+().^\†\M†a%'K*+,[1-*+().%'K*+
,w% b.7$K,w*+@„w.%'K*+%K<*%”*7<MW\\\*+().‚!.j5Mp‚Mp…BA*1-
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 6
GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền
+-*+H;1-7(Q*+7$K,w*+%G.!D!+.$.,KG*6\\i{6\^+ N*
$*_ 2*7F!D!%”*uN*+$.a
STT Năm Số lao động (người)
 6\\i 6M\i6
6 6\\p 6\pi
 6\\ MM
M 6\\ W
W 6\\ MMp
i 6\ pWiW
p †6\6 M\\i
{ kKn2*+%-*+H;%$%P:7C!7(Q*+7$K,w*+!#$%”*uN*+$./“*!•*BN.
B<K![%•,D3t*+,(Q!* !" !#$*<5D:
{ '`*,wBA*%'?,„K<*%<*3b!J3+.DKB]!%.• >!%ƒ*O5
{ + N*7C!!K**+().3=Q3!K:; !" 3D%%'.•*!L*+*+.83[${.8*,G.
[$
1.4 Năng suất sản lượng của nhà máy :
{ C$/<K* !" !"*%.j%!#$!K**+().^n2*+a/<%`*`*%C!%j!#$,P%
*(0!‚!K*;*%$7C$!>**O*+1 P%!K12*345*(1$ 
ž 2*3451X$%(Y.%$*%'=*+HL*+,()*+6\%P*12*345†*+<:
ž 2*345:$K '%%.8%%'=*+\%P*12*345†*+<:
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 7
GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 8
GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền
-./012345

2.1. Giới thiệu về nguyên liệu chính: Sữa tươi
{ + :;*7.8 !?*B=*+!K!26_ :%'`*!#$*<5D:,.%ƒ1X$n•%(Y.X$7<
5w%!P%7š*+1.*7F,(Q!%.j%'$%ƒ% :j*/Z!#$n•!D.1$ H.1.*!K*‚5G*
Hšk‚HL*+7<5/.8!_ D1t!‚![,(Q!%ƒ5w%K•!*.9 7"*/˜%1X$/<HL*+
!& nP%HŸ@v7F*<K7<5%$:,b.%<*3"*X$%(Y.,(Q!!K.7<12*345
+.< !P%B.*B(Ž*+n~.*[7<%C!345!A*, /9%<*3"*!D!!P%*(
3'K%k.*‚7.3.%‚5 HKD*+‚*[!t$%P%!2!D!$!.B$5.*HL*+%$:%j,A:7<
!D!$!.B$5.*'P%!"*%.j%!K!Y%•/<'P%*.9 7KG./.%$5.*HD!*$ [
%•*[.'P%?%7KG.%C!345*<K5<%K<*B.8*/9!D!!P%*(1X$
2.1.1. Tính chất vật lý và cấu trúc hóa lý của sữa tươi
{X$%(Y.![5< %'˜*+,]!‚![,w*0%70*Y*$.7"*1K/0.*(0!![/&,()*+
*‡/<![5=.?%' *‘%X$%()*+![*X*+%?*!P%1$ 
žJ%,w_ $*+~W
\
 ‚\¡‚\M
ž¢*.8% \‚
žu.•5,L*+ {\‚WW
\

ž3 i‚W¡i‚i
žuw$@.%%?*no*+,wK*.!{
\
 i¡
ž”1-HZ!@G~6\
\
 ‚W
{E93(Y*+B.8*[$7F*+().%$!K.1X$%(Y.*(7<5w%%•HkK+N5!D!!" n‘K
^,()*+H?*%ƒ¡W5a/<!D!5.@k*3'K%k.*^,()*+H?*+"*\‚5%'K*+3$
3A*%D*7<*(0!a
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 9

GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền
2.1.2. Thành phần hóa học của sữa tươi
2.1.2.1. Chất béo
 N567KG.uY*+.2*/<3t!%G3
{ P%n‘K,Y*+.2*[<57(Q*+W,j*MW+†7, /0.1X$%(Y.+N5!D!$@.%n‘K
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1 *3$%*$%'.‚n.!$!nK**$%D!5 HKD*+%'K*+1X$%N*%G.B(0.6BG*+!A*
no*+BG*+K<%$*/<BG*+HkK :*.;*‚BG*+!A*no*+*<:![%•3D/Ž
B(0.!D!:; %-!L*+*+83‚*.8%,w
{ C%N*%G.!A*no*+!#$5 $~BG*+K<%$*/<BG*+3t!!#$!D!%•HkK7<
![F*+‰$70*Y*!2/`*[_ :j%,&*,j*1Cb*,&*!#$1X$C%O*+7;*<5
7(Q*+$1•7<5%O*+H2*O*+nP%b*,&*‚,•!n.8%%'K*+_ D%'`*, **[*+/<
_ D%'`*7;*5k*
{ u•%'D*.8*%(Q*+*<:%L*+%()*+*+().%$!K%;5/<K1X$*X*+BG*+
3t!%G3,[7<!D!5 3K%3$%K•!@.%'$%/0.7.9 7(Q*+%?!Q3
2.1.2.5. Acid hữu cơ
{ 'K*+1X$!t$*.9 $@.%X !Y*($@.%!.%'.!‚7$!%.!‚$@k%.!'K*+,[‚$@.%
!.%'.!7<$@.%!C!HŸ_ $*%'>*++[33"*/<K/.8!%O*+5=.%Y5!K1X$*)
/<K_ D%'`*
@.%!.%'.!B.$@k%:7$@k%K.*6‚n %:7k*+7:!K7
2.1.2.6. Các chất xúc tác sinh học
$†E.%$5.*
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 13
GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền
{ X$,(Q!!K.7<%t!O*%.; n.• *P%/91-7(Q*+/.%$5.*% :/0.<57(Q*+
HL*+70*7˜5<57(Q*+/.%$5.*%'K*+1X$!•*+!.$%<*6*[5%kKH2
*O*+K<%$*!#$!Z*+%'K*+*(0!$:!P%n‘K
ž [5/.%$5.*K<%$*%'K*+!P%n‘KE.%$5.*‚‚£‚!#:j *o5%'K*+
%<*3"*!#$5Ž1X$
ž [5/.%$5.*K<%$*%'K*+*(0!‚‚
n†D!k*¤:5k
{ D!k*¤:5%N*%G.%'K*+1X$![F*+‰$70*%'K*+!L*+*+8!jn.j*
1X$/<!D!12*3451X$!•*+*(n2K_ 2*1X$‚!D!k*¤:5%'K*+1X$,(Q!!.$

7<5$.*[5!?*
ž [5  k*¤:5  % ¢  3A*  +N5  .3$¤$‚  3K%3$%$¤$‚  +$7$!%$¤$‚
3'K%k$¤$‚$5:7$¤$'K*+,[‚/$.%'•!#$!D!k*¤:5.3$¤$![%?*_ :j%
,&*,j*_ D%'`*!jn.j*/<n2K_ 2*1X$.3$¤$![%D!B]*+% ¢3A*
!P%n‘K%GK%<*$@.%n‘K/<+7:@k'.*![3¦‚M
ž [5k*¤:5K@:KD+N5gkB !%$¤$‚7$!%K3k'K@:B$¤$‚!$%$7$¤$
D!k*¤:5*<:![/$.%'•_ $*%'>*+%'K*+_ D%'`*7<5n.j*%?*1X$
2.1.2.7. Vi sinh vật trong sữa:
 N5E.H 4*‚*P55k*‚*P55-!
{ P55k*[BG*+`*!" ‚k7.3‚%']‚H?!%(0!70**P%%ƒ6{55"*
,L*+!D!7KG.! :•*,()*+%<*'(Q /<1.*12*%kKH.• *2:!N.
{ P55-!#:j 7< !K/<g.¤K3 1D!7KG.*P55-!*<:+A:*;**X*+
n.j*,w*+ H.  12*  @ P%  !D!12*345*(Y‚ 3K5D% +K<. '$  !•*  ![
Penicillium‚Aspergillus
{ E.H 4*" j%![H?!%(0!%jn<K,N*+*P%‚H?!%(0!HL*+/(Q%_ D
/<.5.!'K5k%D!/.H 4*%'K*+1X$ Coccus‚ Bacterium_ $*%'>*+7</.
H 4*7$!%.!
 L*+%()*+%'K*+1X$!Z*+![,•!,.•5
{ LP3.j H?$::j5H?% Ÿ%.8*
{ L*+12*1.*'$!D!Q3!P%*.%'$%
{ ;*5k*!D!7KG.,()*+~!D!,.9 H.8*HD!*$ 
{ q%$:HL*+%.j%'$k*¤:53'K%k$¤$%'K*+1X$
 $.7KG./.H 4*,.•*`*%'K*+!L*+*+8!jn.j*1X$7<
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 14
GVHD: Th.S Nguyễn Hữu Quyền
{ Streptococcus thermophillusu(Q!!K.7<%D!*A*!#$1C`*%<*$@.%/<_ D
%'`*!?*!#$3K5D%
{ Streptococcus cremoris/<Streptococcus lactis<%D!*A*!#$1C,L*+%]%C
*.;*!#$_ D%'`*3N*+7;*!#$3K5D%‚%GK(Y*+
2.1.2.8. Nước

{ (0!7<%<*3"*70**P%/<_ $*%'>*+!#$1X$%(Y.‚!.j5\…%<*3"*
%'K*+1X$(0!%'K*+1X$+N5*(0!%CBK‚*(0!7.;*Hj%‚*(0!Hj%%.*/<*(0!
%'(Y*++K<.*(0!Hj%%.*'$%`%P%!2*X*+7KG.*(0!HD!,9 ![+.D%'&
%'K*+!L*+*+.83!jn.j*1X$
2.1.3. Yêu cầu về sữa tươi trong sản xuất:
{ P%7(Q*+*+ :;*7.8 ![%?*_ :j%,&*!P%7(Q*+12*345‚1X$%(Y.!<*+
%-%%`12*345![!P%7(Q*+!<*+!$KE`/J:‚H.7P:1X$%(Y.,•12*@ P%32.
n2K,25,G%:; !" /9!P%7(Q*+X$%(Y.7P:%ƒ!D!%'G5% 5 $32.7<
ž X$,(Q!7P:%ƒ*X*+!K*n•Hšk5G*
ž X$![5=.%C*.;*‚HL*+![/&7G‚HL*+!t$!P%HD*+1.*‚!P%%4:
'v$
ž X$![%<*3"*%C*.;*
ž X$32.%(Y./<,(Q!7<57G**+$:,j**.8%,w\
K
1$ H./˜%
ž K/<%.j%n&32.1G!1•/<32.n2K_ 2*,Z*+~*.8%,w:; !" 
 D!!”%.; !#$1X$
{ ”%.; !25_ $*
ž < 1˜!5< ,•!%'(*+!#$1X$%(Y.%ƒ%'˜*+,]!,j**G%
ž =./&5=./&%Y5*+K*,•!%'(*+!#$1X$%(Y.‚HL*+,(Q!![5=./&7G
ž 'G*+%D.,N*+*P%‚HL*+3A*703
Xây dựng luận chứng kinh tế kỹ thuật của nhà máy sữa 15

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