Cấu trúc Đề tài, Sáng kiến, Giải pháp khoa học

ic,\
'ltE
T
(El,
x(.
\.\
nudxc
rAN
CAUTRUC VIET DE TAI, SANG KIEN, GIAI PHAP KHOA HOC
.q
\TDc vrdr sANc, cr.qr
pHAp
rHoa
Hoc.
l.
Ouan
niem
vd
s6ne
kidn kinh nshiOm
Kinh
nghi€m Id n6i
ddn nhdng vi€c dd lirm, dir c6 kdt
qua'r,
dd duoc kidm
nghiem trong
thdc td, kh6ng
phii
Id nhilng
vi6c du dinh
ldm hay

dang cdn trong
suy nghi.
Trong [ruc ti6n
giSo duc
(GD)
vi
giang
day, ngudi GV v6i nhiing tri thr1c, k!
ning, k! xio
tich lu! duoc vi bing nhfrng hoat
ddng cu thd
kh6c
phuc
duoc nhffng
kh6 khln md nhfrrrg
bicn
phdp
thong thudng khong
girii
quydt duoc,
gtip
phAn
ning
cao
hi€u
qui
rd ret ffong
cong t1c GD vir
giring
day thi c6 the coi l] SKKN.

IL Trinh tu m6t
SKKN:
1. Phiin thft
nhiit'. Dit v{n d6.
Trinh biy lf
do dd xul[t SKKN, cdn ncu rO ]not
hien tuohg nio d6 trong thuc
den hoat
dong GD
(VD:
ndi
dung ci, ohua cap nhatl
phucrng phdp
kh6ng
phn hgp;
hLnh
rhuc tri chLic tlon dicu r
Hicn
tuorg d6 c6
i
nghia
vd t6c dung nhu thd nio trong cong tdc GD, c6 miu
thuAn
gifra
thuc
trang v)
y€u
cdu mdi nhu
thd
nio,

ddi h6i
phrii gi6i quy6t.
2. Phtin tht?
hcti: Ndi dung.
a, Co
sd khoa hoc
(li
ludn)
dd dd xudr ra SKKN.
VD: Thay
ddi cdu tnic n6i
dung ciia mQt bai, mdt
chuong thi co so khoa
hoc
li dua ffen
dac didm
qud
trinh nhdn
thfc ciia HS, cdc nguydn
t5c DH
b. Niri
dune cu thd
cfia SKKN: Trinh biy
cu thd ndi dung viit vi c(ti
gi?
N€u
nhirng
vitc dii ldm,
nhiing suy nghl
sdu sdc vd <:dc bi€n

PhdP
c(ii ieh cu thd.
c. Hidu
qui
ciia SKKN:
Dd
dim bio
tinh khoa hoc,
chfng minh cho nhfng
nhdn diDh cta minh,
t6c
gi6
viSt SKKN
cdn:
, - Trinh biy
thi rghiem,
thuc nghidm d6 tidn hdnh
(ndu
c6)
- CAn ncu rO
trong / huc t€'dti
tip dung
SKKN
cl6 ri diu
(cho
cA nhan,
tap thd, dia
phudng )
-NEut6 kt?
qu.ti

cu /ry'khi
6p dung SKKN. Cdn c6 su so sdnh,
phdn
tich, drlnft
gizi
SKKN
d6.
3. Phdn
tl'rit ba: Kdt
luAn chung vd tli xudt.
Cdn n€u
kh6i
qudt:
-
'l
nghla cia SKKN
d6 vdi cdng tdc GD, day hoc.
- Nhfrrrg
nhAn dinh chung
vd 6p dung SKKN vir khi nang
vAn dung
SKKN.
- Nhiing
f
kidn dd xulit
dd 6p dung SKKN
(vd
quan l1;, vd GV-HS,
vA cd sd
vat chat, thidt bi ).

B.
E6 TAI NGHION
CTU KHOA HOC GIAO
DUC
(NCKHGD):
I. Xdc dinh
dd tiii nehiOn
citu
(NC):
Trong
NC khoa
hoc
gi6o
duc
(KHGD),
dd tii c6 thd bit ngu6n
ti thuc t6n
gi6o
duc, til nhiing
ltr6ng m6c,
kh6 khan ftong
GD vir
giing
day. Niy
sinh ti nhiing
mau
thuan
gifia
muc dich GD
vi

phudng
tien GD,
gifra
ndi dung vii
phucmg phdp
GD,
gitn
vidc
td chrlc GD td
phia
thdy
gido v6i
vidc
tidp nhAn c6
i
thfc va dch cuc
cira HS,
tt sqr mong
mudn tim hidu
c6c con dudng nang cao
chdt
h-tong
GD vd day
h9".
II.
Dd cudne mdt
dd tad NC KHGD:
Dd
cudng c6 kdt
cdu logic nhrr sau:

rud oAu
1.
Lj do chon
dd' tdi
(hay
tinh cdp thi4l
ciia vd'n di NC)
NgLtdi NC
cdn tre ldi:
tai sao chon
dd tii niy? Cau h6i
niry duoc tl.a ldi
fi€n ccr sd
ph6t hi€n c6c mAu
thuin,
c5c thidu s6t
cira lf thuydt hay
thuc tien tlcn cd s& nhftlg
ydu cliu brlc thidt
phAi giii quydr. Nhu
vay,
NC
dd tii nhLr ld mot
ycu
cCu ctp thi6t
c[a thrrc
td GD hidn
tai.
Tinh
cdp

thidt cira dd
tii cing c6
thd lAp luAn bing
c6ch xa'Lc dinh tAm
quan
trong
cdc
vZin dd tdc
gia
vira
phdt hien. Giii
quydt
duoc c6c
vdn dd niy dem lai
loi ich
thidt thuc
gi vd
ngrroc
lai ndu
vin dd khong drrdc
gitii quydt
sd
dan tdi kh6 khin, bit
cAp
gi?
2.
Muc
dich NC
Muc
dich NC

li muc rieu
mi dd tdi hrrdng
t6i. Muc
dich cua cdc dd
rii NC KHGD
thudrrg
ddt ra ld
nang cao
chit lucrng
vd
hidu
qui
cia
qud trinh GD
vA dilo tao, chdt
lrrong
td chfc
vi
quin l! he th6ng
GD.
3. Khtich.thd
vd ddi tuqng
NC
3.1
. Kh(icl1
thd NC
Kh6ch
rhd NC
tdn tai
ddc lap vrli

f
thfc cia
chi! thd NC. X5c
dinh khdch
thd li
xdc
dinh mdt
gidi
han
bit buoc dd
hudng de
tdi t6i muc deu,
d6 lir d6i
tuong NC
3.2. Ddi
tttong
NC
Ddi
tucmg NC le
ddi tuong
truc tidp
ciia nhdn
thfc, l) cdi
phii kha'rm
phr4, phii tim
hidu
bin
chdt vI
quy luAt van
dong ciia n6.

Cing
mat khdch
thd c6
thd c(t nhiiLt
d6i ttctng
NC
VD: Dd
tiri NC "Mdt
sd
biAn
phdp hitth thdnh
ki ncing liim
vitc t'tti stich
gido
khoa
cho
HS tt'ttdng
THCSTI;
N A,
huyinTdn
Lac, tinh H
c.,a Binh".
Kh6ch
thd NC:
Qur4
trinh hoc
tAp cita HS
trudng THCS
Til Ne' huycn
Tan Lac,

tinh Hoi
Blnh.
Ddi
tuons NC:
Mdt
so bien
phdp
hinh
thinh ky
nang lim
vi€c vdi s6ch
gi6o
khoa
cho HS
trudng
THCS Tt
Nc, huyen
Tan Lac,
tinh Hoi
Binh
1. Gid
thuyal
khoa hoc
cie thuydt
khoa ho
c lit
gid
dinh vd bitn
chlt ddi
ludig NC

v) 1A Iuan
didm chi ddn
con drrong
di dd
kh6m
phd ddi trrcmg.
Giri thuydt
khoa
hoc thddng
duoc
kdt n6i
bing cic
tii Ne'u thi
.!a'' ., hoic
cd
thd s€
VD:
V6i tle
tiri trcn
c6 thd neu
gie
thuydt:
"Ndu lp dung
d6ng b0
c6c bien
phdp:
Xay dung
ky nang
tem
van dong

trong
qu6 trinh hoc
tap tren l6p;
Rbn ki
nang doc'
ghi ch6p 6
tr€n I6p
cho m5i
HS, sCg6p
phdn
hinh
thdnh
k! ning ldm
vi0c v6i
srich
gi6o
khoa
cho HS'.
5.
Phuong
phdp nghiAn
citu:
5.1.
t'ic
phrcng
phcip
NC
lt luatt.
5.2.
Ctic

plumng
pltdp NC
thttc ti€.n:
Quan
sdt
su
pham, didu
tra GD, NC
sri'n
phdm hoat
ddng GD,
tdng kdt
kinh
nghiem
GD ddc biet
lI PP
thuc nghicm
su
pham.
6. Co
sd,
pham
vi,
thdi
gian
nghiAn
crt:u:
PHAN
NOI
DUNG

Chuons
l: Co
sti li
luin
vh thuc
tion cfia
v{n
ali nghicn
crifu'
1.1.
So
l dc
lich sft
vdn dd
nghiin
c(tu.
1.2. Ctt
si
li ludn
c a vd'n
ili nghiAn
citu:
- Girii thich
c5c
rhuat
ngii khoa
hoc lidn
quan ddn tlti
tli, sil
dung trong

dd tli'
- Phali
fch rO
luan
didm NC
cua
t6c
gii' c6c vt'n
dd lf luan
llm
co so cho
.ld tdi NC.
1.3.
Cd s6
thuc
ti6n
(thuc
trang)
cira vdn
dd nghi4n
citu'
-
Thuc
trang
kinh
tdxd hdi
(neu
khdi
qurit).
-

Thgc
t4ng
cira vt'n
dd NC
(n€u
r'6
ring,
ty mi
c6 c6c
sd lidu
chftng minh)'
Chrrcn.re
2: C6c
bi€n
phip
(hay giii phip) thdc
hi€n
-
Neu
vA
phan
tich,
chfng minh
c6c
bien
phdp da
thuc hicn
Dua
vio
giri

thuydt
khoa
hoc
tld
phdn tich
nhan
x6t, rrit
ra c6c
kdt luAn
cho
tirng
vdn
dA da
dudc nghion
ciru.
Chudns
3:
Thuc
nghidm
str
Pham
.
3
-
Trinh biy : Muc dich
TN, nOi dung TN,
qu6
trinh
TN, c6c kdt qui,
sd lidu di

thu thap, do dac dudc.
Srl dung cdc bang thdng
k€
vi
chc bidu d6, dd
thi
(ndu
c6) dd
so
s6nh kdt
qui
sau thuc nghi€m v6i tru6c
thuc nghidm vi v6i
ddi chtmg.
St dung
phudng ph6p
th6ng k€ to6n
hoc dd xir li sti li€u.
-
Neu bat nhilng
ph6t
hicn,
nhfng kdt ludn d6c d6o
mdi m6 de rhu thap
duoc.
KET LUAN
CHUNG VA KIEN NGHI
-
Li
phdn

co dong nh,it, thd
hicn tap trung tit ce c6c
kdr
qua
nghi€n crlu dd
dat
dudc. NCu l0n nhfrng kdt luin chinh, co
ban nhdt, tdng hop c6c
kdt
quri
nghi€n cfu.
Neu nhrlng kien nghi dc
xuat.
PhAn
phu
luc:
c6c phu
luc
(ndu
c6): VD c6c phidu
didu tra thirm dd, ciic gi6o
6n mdu,
quy
trinh td chfc hoat ddng
GD
Tii li6u tham khrio
(xdp
thf tu
: A, B, C t€n t6c
gii

theo tdnh
tu sau: Ho, ten
t6c
gie;
tCn tAi
lieu;
mp; tham
khao trang; Nhir XB; nan.r
XB).
sO crAo DUc
-
DAo rao noA siNH
4