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Hình 5.1.3: Qủa chuối đến thời điểm thu hoạch
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6&<78”4IIg
 •YI!6XkZ•G2,6 IA0
J8

Hình 5.1.4: Buồng chuối tiêu đến thời điểm thu hoạch

•YIA’7-“6&<7-<&7.f{Z
z{”N2,68
Hình 5.1.5: Buồng chuối tây đến thời diểm thu hoạch

•YI-2’7X&<77*+7.…{Z•{”
N&4&H22#'@
Hình 5.1.6: Buồng chuối bom đến thời diểm thu hoạch
L$(;(JK,(
2.1. Chuẩn bị dụng cụ
 cISH->+336gƒ33/I
4+334F%I8
Zƒ33/Ig
•m+33/I&'(:+3)I-<6g^524
+68
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•j67:+32@6).&'(,:6=G C.H
F&%+33$@6:+3A-5$))SRC.7<8
h{
ƒ6) ƒ6Cl2 ^52 ƒ6
Hình 5.1.7: Các dụng cụ chặt chuối.
Zƒ332G4F%I457"2g
•nN&H2I45JF)7<‘4'@8
•nN7*4F%I457?mI678

Hình 5.1.8: Xe thu gom chuối về nơi tập kết trong vườn
hh
Hình 5.1.9 : Phương tiện vận chuyển chuối.
YTN2G4F%I).$,TNG7#$@
6l+p2AGX'JIC 24F
%8

nN).&.2 4=';7:+38j67+,S 
C.JGT674M$$6?&&%<4#
p2$6?!I7:+3TN!‘8
2.2. Chuẩn bị nhân công thu hoạch
%&.2 444F%I4577>)@N!
SGS$&WA#6268
OH->A#S&'(<N7<g
Z[';hgn&>+0G.'(IS8
Z[';igƒM,R?- CAW6hA#6&8
Z[';kgƒM,I'(A#S$8
Z[';fgYH->"A#8
2.3 Các bước thu hoạch
j67&UT&>&'(@&%2GS<
6G7#&pI04 2G=)C.G&"@I0
7#&5G7$ C.8
cShZi#A/8Y<'6g
 ZI4;IA?)8ƒ,+6/‘)06!!,W6
-"IG/+P7G2.4TAC.8
hi
ZI4;IA68O0A2–TI&p7-"7#J
TI&?GTA-"8
ZƒM&P-"I&U/8G6&$+,)'J4F%
I&<&%2F)7<8
Hình 5.1.10 : Thu hạch chuối
 Zj6A2–S&'(l-LG6&$/L&%I26
6UG2X,&3WH?)8
ZYd$%&IAI&U/-"&N2-L/$%F
+32I&p"8c&Ea2.'—&<mAK
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Hình 5.1.11: Xử lý cây chuối sau thu hoạch

hk
M$N',(;OI'
j67I&U/-"S4G/7!-"&<&%2
F)7<S?8
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6A ).+M'(-"IG"-"I!
62+F)C.G)06!()l8
Hình 5.1.12: Vận chuyển chuối
ƒ,TN‘I45J<GS<6G94Kf
Z„@4 I26'8
6I676’.Ž•E4
++>N{Gi˜&%G&/4,?44F%&<J!38
hf
Hình 5.1.13: Chuối tách ra từng nải (nhánh)
$P;(Q7R?S?79N.
@$P;(Q7
h8YRPI
68YRP4 W6C.g`.IKGC.;<7.
R8
-8YRP42l4LC.gOLC.G2J48
8YRP4>C.g>C.%624
+8Y.6G-G8
i8Y-';I
 68ƒ,+6/‘)06!!,W6-"IG/+P
7G2.4ATC.8
-8ƒM&P-"I&U/G6&$+,)'J4F%
I&<&%2F)7<8
8j6A2–S&'(l-LG6&$/L&%I26
6UG2X,&3WH?)8
+8Y.6G-G

L$?79N.9(T,(?'(
2.1 Bài thực hành số 5.1.1:
h•
(;(JK,(,(;U7
Z3!g
YWI7<P)Sa<
j67M94!-<T&>@&%24
I&E7eF8
Z"Mgƒ6/IG+334A%G 6&8
ZYXPMg
•4!!!S#4gG4A%I
•Y6;)5$2G2•$2$i94!8
•6#4’$2
•4!';+194!44F%I
•Y$2M#4N ';+1M#46g
P
M
+
-';
YV+1#4 q!S7eF
h YH  ->
+3  3  3G
)'J  

Z YH->+6/I8
ZYH->)'J&%4F
%I
YH  ->  &S  &W
+338
i Y/  -"

I8
Zƒ,+6/)06!
!,8
ZƒM&P-"I6/
c#  2  U
-"G+F)C.8
k   2  4
4F  %
I
ZOI/+,TN,6
%I6&%2F)7<8
ZY%I!##‘&<
JJ<8
Z2&%G
7#  $  -"
I8
c#2TA
I
•4!E&HGC694!M#4
Z@6S<&%M…@
Z>6&%2gO'@I&<@7”
Z!HW6#4g
h„
•n+>&E@&%28
•c#2U-"GUC.8
•c#+F)C.C 4F%8
2.2 Bài thực hành số 5.1.2:
VW'RXH',(;U7YZ;9(;(JK,(
Z3!g
YWI7<P)Sa<

j67M94!-</4T:aAI67
8
Z"Mgƒ6/IG+334F%G 6&8
ZYXPMg
•4!!!S#4gƒ94'@I6
•Y6;)5$2G2•$2$i94!8
•6#4’$2
•4!';+194!4$2M#4N 
';+1M#46g
P
M
+
-';
YV+1#4 q!S7eF
h YH  ->
+3  3  3G
)'J
Z YH->+6/I8
ZYH->)'J&%%
mA->A-67L
4'@&%T:a8
YH  ->  &S  &W
+338
i Y/II
4  /  L
AI
Z Y/IA&U
Z Y/LAI
Z  Y/    IG
7#2  TAT

AK
k n:  a  A
I67
/
Z2A4&U/&%m6i
 IG /4F  %  6
J7&%2)A8
Z  m  A  ->  A  -  ).
%67L4'@&%T:a
Z2&%
hz
•4!E&HGC694!M#4
Z@6S<&%M…@
Z>6&%2gO'@I&<@7”
Z!HW6#4g
•Y/$A&UG7#2TATdAK8
•O'@I67&'(T:a&%8
$(7'(8
Zn&>&E@&%2)H2?IIG2H2U&–)8
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1.1. Đặc tính của quả chuối

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1.2. Nguyên lý sơ chế và bảo quản chuối
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Hình 5.2.1. Chuối sau khi thu hoạch chuyển về kho bảo quản
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Hình 5.2.2. Chuối bị nấm mốc trên quả.
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