Hướng dẫn ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn lịch sử Theo cấu trúc đề thi của Bộ Giáo dục và đào tạo

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ON
THI
TOT NGHIEP
TRUNG
HOC PHO
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Ian thuf
nhat,
theo
cau true
de
thi mdi
ThS.
TRl/dNG NGOC THdl|
HUdNG DAN ON THI TOT
NGHIEP
THPT
MON
LICH
•
THEO
CAU TRUC DE THI CUA
BO
GIAO DgC VA DAO TAO

(Tdi
ban idn
thit nhat)
f —.
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NHA XUAT
BAN
THANH
HOA
248
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DAN ON
THI

TN
THPT
MON
LICH
SlT
ThS. TRl/dNG
NGQC
THCfl
Chiu trdch nhi^m
xudt
ban:
NGUYIN
HCTU CHIJC
Bien
tap:
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DAN
Trinh
hay hia:
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VAN
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In xong va nOp
lifu
chieu quy 1 nam 2013.
Cung cac em hoc sinh than men!
De kjp
th6i
giup cac em nam that
vQng
kien thiJc, chuan bj cho ky thi
tot
nghiep nam hoc
2009
- 2010 va nhieu nam hoc sau nay, chung toi
bien soan cuon:
"HlAirNG
DAN dN THi T^TT
NGHl|P
THPT
MdN L|CH SUl^ theo
chiicfng
trinh on thi mdi nhat cua Bo
Giao
due va Dao tao
vCra
ban hanh.
Sach
viet di/di dang vC/a cung cap kien thtirc cd ban, c6 dong, de
nhd,
d§ hieu de cac em c6 dieu kien hoc tap va tiep thu nhanh kien
thC/c

mon Ljch sCf Idp 12 trong thdi gian ngan.
Ngoai phan kien thCfc cd ban, chung toi con gidi thieu mot so de thi tot
nghiep trong nhOng nam
2006
den nam
2008
de cac em tham khao them
ve cac dang de thi tot nghiep cua Bp
Giao
due va Dao tao.
Nam vCifng kien thufc cd ban trong sach, cac em se
vOng
tin bade vao
cac ki thi dang chd ddi phfa trade. Day la tai lieu can thiet va bo ich cho
cac em hoc sinh Idp 12 cung nhu cac ban dong nghiep.
Trong
qua trinh bien soan, chac khong the tranh khoi nhQng thieu sot.
Rat mong nhan
dUdc
sU gop y
\is
quy thay, c6 giao day bo mon Uch sCf
cung nhu cac em hoc sinh yeu quy \ii moi mien dat nude.
Chung
toi xin tran trong cam dn.
TACGIA
3
CAU
TRUC

CHUfdNG
TRINH
THI TOT NGHl|P
THPT
MON
LICH
S6
I.
PHAN
CHUNG
CHO TAT CA THi SINH
2} UCH sO THE
GI6I
HIEN DAI TCT NAM
1945
DEN NAM
2000
- Sa
hinh
thanh trat tii the
gidi
mdi sau Chien tranh the
gidri
thuT II
(1945-
1949)
- Lien X6 va cac nirdc Dong
Au
(1945 -
1991).

Lien bang Nga (1991 -
2000)
- Cac nude Dong Bac A
- Cac nirdc Dong Nam A va An Do
- Cac nifdc chau Phi va Mi La
tinh
- Nude Mi
- Tay Au
-NhatBan
- Quan he quoc te trong va sau
thcfi
ki Chien tranh lanh
-
Cach
mang khoa hoc - cong nghe va xu the toan cau hoa nilfa sau the
kiXX
- Tong ket
lich
suT
the
gidi
hien dai tU nSm 1945 den nSm
2000
2] UCH sCr
VIET
NAM Ttf 1919 DEN NAM
2000
- Phong trao dan toe dan
chii
or

Viet Nam tii nam 1919 den nam 1925
- Phong trao dan toe dan chu d Viet Nam ttf nam 1925 den nam 1930
- Phong trao
each
mang 1930 - 1935
- Phong trao dan chu 1936 -1939
- Phong trao giai phong dan toe va Tong
khdi
nghia thang Tarn
(1939 -
1945).
Nirdc Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa ra ddi
- Nude Viet Nam Dan
chii
Cong hoa tii sau ngay 02 - 9 - 1945 den trade
ngay 19 -12 - 1946
-
Nhflng
nam dau cua
cuoc
khang chien toan quoc chong thiTc dan
Phap
(1946 - 1950)
- Budc phat trien mdi ciia
cuoc
khang chien toan quoc chong thuc dan
Phap
(1951-
1953)
-

Cuoc
khang chien toan quoc chong thifc dan
Phap
ket thuc
(1953-1954)
- Xay
dilng
chu nghia xa hoi d mien Bdc, dau tranh chong de quoc Ml
va chinh quyen Sai Gon d mien Nam (1954 - 1965)
5
- Nhan dan hai mien tnrc tiep chien dau
cho'ng
de
quoc
Mi xam
liiac.
Nhan dan mien B^c vifa chien dau
viia
san xuat (1965 - 1973)
-
Cuoc
dau tranh tren mat
tran
ngoai
giao.
Hiep dinh Pari nSm 1973
ve chain dult chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh d Viet Nam
- Khoi
phuc
va phat

trien
kinh
te- xa hoi or mien Bac, giai
phong
hoan
toan mien Nam (1973 - 1975)
- Viet Nam trong nSm dau sau thing loi cua khang chien
chong
Mi cufu
nirdc nam 1975
- Viet Nam xay di/ng chu nghia xa hoi va dau tranh bao ve To
quoc
(1976-
1986)
- Dat nvldc tren diTcmg doi mdi di len CNXH
(1986-
2000)
- Tdng ket lich sur Viet Nam tif nSm 1919 den nam
2000
II.
PHAN Tli CHON
Tj UCH sCr THE Gidl TCr NAM 1945 DEN NAM
2000
a.Theo chitdng trinh cd ban
- Sif hinh thanh
trat
tif the gi<Ji mdi sau Chien tranh the
gidri
thuf II
(1945 - 1949)

- Lien X6 va cac
nU6c
Dong
Au (1945 -
1991).
Lien
bang
Nga (1991 -
2000)
- Cac ntf(5c
Dong
BSc A
- cac nifdc
Dong
Nam A va An Do
- Cac ntrdc
chau
Phi va Mi La
tinh
- Nifdc Mi
- Tay Au
- Nhat Ban
- Quan he
quoc
te trong va sau
thdi
ki Chien tranh lanh
-
Cach
mang khoa hoc -

cong
nghe
va xu the toan cau hoa nijfa sau the
kiXX
-
Tong
ket lich suT the gidi hien dai t^ nam 1945 den nam
2000
¥] UCH sCf
VIET
NAM TLf NAM 1919 DEN NAM
2000
-
Phong
trao dan tpc dan chu b Viet Nam
tiT
nam 1919 den nam 1925
-
Phong
trao dan toe dan chu d Viet Nam
tiT
nam 1925 den nam 1930
-
Phong
trao
each
mang 1930 - 1935
-
Phong
trao dan chu 1936 -1939

-
Phong
trao giai
phong
dan toe va
Tong
khdi nghia thdng Tam (1939
-
1945).
Ni/dre Viet Nam Dan chu
Cong
hoa ra dcfi
- Ni/dc Viet Nam Dan chu
Cong
hoa tif sau
ngay
02-9-1945
den
trifdrc
ngay
19-12-
1946
- Nhang n&m dau cua
cuoc
khang chien toan
quoc
chong
thifc dan
Phap
(1946 - 1950)

- Bifdc phat
trien
mdi cua
cuoc
khang chien toan
quoc
chong
thiic dan
Phap
(1951- 1953)
-
Cuoc
khang chien toan
quoc
chong
thifc dan
Phap
ket thuc
(1953-1954)
- Xay
dittig
chu nghIa xa hoi d mien BSc, dau
tranh
chong
de
quoc
Mi
va chinh quyen Sai Gon cf mien Nam (1954 - 1965)
- Nhan dan hai mien tnJfc tiep chien dau
chong

de
quoc
Ml xam Itfoc.
Nhan
dan mien Bftc vUa chien dau vUa san xuat (1965 - 1973)
-
Cuoc
dau
tranh
tren mat
tran
ngoai
giao.
Hiep dinh Pari nam 1973
ve chain dult chien
tranh,
lap lai hoa binh d Viet Nam
- Khoi
phuc
va phat
trien
kinh
te- xa hoi d mien BSc, giai phong hoan
toan mien Nam (1973 - 1975)
- Viet Nam trong nam dau sau thdng
Icfi
cua khang chien
chong
Ml cijfu
niidc

nam 1975
- Viet Nam xay difng chu nghia xa hoi va dau
tranh
bao ve To
quoc
(1976-
1986)
- Dat nirdc tren dtfcfng doi mdi di len CNXH
(1986-
2000)
- Tong ket lich
sijf
Viet Nam tCf nam 1919 den nam
2000
b. Theo
chi/Gtng
trinh
Nang cao
jj UCH
Sljr
THE
IKS
NAM 1945 DEN NAM
2000
- Sif hinh thanh
trat
Ui the gidi mdi sau Chien
tranh
the
gidri

thuf
II
(1945 - 1949)
- lien X6 va cac mi&c Dong Au (1945 - 1991, lien bang Nga (1991 -
2000)
- Trung
Quoc
va ban dao Trieu Tien
- Cac ni/dc Dong Nam A
- Cac nifdc chau Phi va Mi La-
tinh
- Nude Mi
- Tay Au
- Nhat Ban
- Quan he
quoc
te trong va sau
thcri
ki Chien
tranh
lanh
-
Cach
mang khoa hoc -
cong
n^e va xu the toan cau hoa nijfa sau the
kiXX
- Tdng ket lich suf the gidi hien dai tii nSm 1945 den nam
2000
7

f
2]
UCH sCr
VIET
NAM Tlf 1919 DEN NAM
2000
- Nhorng chuyen bien mdi ve kinh te va xa hoi d Viet Nam sau Chien
tranh
the' gidi thuT I.
- Phong trao dan tpc dan chu d Viet Nam tif nam 1919 den nam 1925
- Phong trao dan tgc dan chu d \^iet Nam Ui nam 1925 den nam 1930
- Phong trao each mang 1930 - 1935
- Phong trao dan chu 1936 -1939
- Phong trao giai phong dan toe 1939 -1945
- Cao trao khang
Nhat
oSa midc va Tong
khdi
nghla thang Tam nSm
1945. Nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa ra dcfi
- Nirdc Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa tii sau ngay 02 - 9 - 1945 den
trade 19 - 12 - 1946
- NhOmg nam dau cua cuoc khang chien toan quoc chong thifc dan
Phap
(1946 - 1950)
- Birdc phat
trien
mdi cua cuoc khang chien toan quoc chong thifc dan
Phap
(1951- 1953)

- Cupe khang chioi toon quoc diraig thifc dan
Phap
ket thuc (1953-1954)
- Mien BSc thUfc hien nhODag nhiem vu
kinh
te - xa hoi, mien Nam dau
tranh
chong Ml- Diem, giff ^ hoa
binh
(1954 - 1960)
- Xay difng chu nghia xa hoi d mien BSc, chien dau chong chien liidc
"Chien
tranh
dae biet" cua de quoc Mi d mien Nam (1961 - 1965)
- Chien dau chong chien Idwc "Chien
tranh
cue bo" dr mien Nam va
chien
tranh
pha hoai Ian
thi?
nhat eua de quoc Mi (1965 - 1968)
- Chien dau chong chirai
lUOC
"Viet Nam hoa chien
tranh"
& mien Nam va
chien
tranh
pha hoai mien Bac Ian

thijf
hai eua de quoc Ml (1969 - 1973)
-
Cuoc
dau
tranh
tren mat tran ngoai
giao.
Hiep
dinh
Pari nSm 1973
ve cham
dult
chien
tranh,
lap lai hoa
binh
cr Viet Nam
- Khoi phue va phat trien kinh te - xa hoi d mien BSc, giai phong hoan
toan
mien Nam (1973 - 1975)
- Viet Nam trong nam dau sau thdng loi cua khang chien chong Ml cOlU
nirde
nam 1975
- Viet Nam xay
du&g
chii
nghia xa hoi va dau
tranh
bao ve To quoc

(1976- 1986)
- Viet Nam tren di/dng doi mdi di len CNXH (1986- 2000)
- Tong ket
lich
sur
Viet Nam til nam 1919 den nam 2000
8
1
OPHANI
I
LjCH SCfTHE
GIGfl
HIEN
D^l
PWti
TCT N^M 1945
9EN
NfiY
(2000)
Chironfi
I
BOI
CANH
QUOC TE SAU CHIEN
TRANH
THE Gl6l
THLfll
(1945-1949)
mm
SI/

HINH
THANH
TRAT Tl/ THE
Gl6l
M6| SAU CHIEN TRANH
THE
Gl6l
THQ
II
(1945
-
1949)
jj HQ!
NGHj
lANTA
(02 - 1945) VA
NHQNG
THOA
THUAN
CUA BA
CadNG QUOC
1. Hoan
canh
lich
suf
- Dau nam 1945, nhieu van de quan trong va cap bach dat ra inidc cac
circmg
quoc
Dong
minh.

Do la:
+
Nhanh
chong
danh bai hoan toan cac n\i6c phat xit;
+
To chijfc lai the
gidi
sau chien
tranh;
+
Phan chia thanh qua chien thang giOra cac niidc thang
tran.
- Trong bo'i canh do, mot
cuoc
hoi nghi
quo'c
te diTcfc
trieu
tap tai lanta
(Lien
X6)
tCr
ngay 04 den 11 - 02 - 1945.
2. Hpi nghi dvta ra nhi?i^ quyet
dinh
quan trong
- Tieu diet tan goc chu nghia phat xit DuTc va chu nghia quan phiet
Nhat
Ban. Sau khi danh bai nifdrc Dufc phat xit. Lien X6 se tham chien

chdng Nhat d chau A.
- Thanh lap to
chuTc
Lien hop
quoc
nham duy tri hoa binh va an
ninh
the
gidi.
- Thoa thuan ve
viec
dong quan tai cac midc nham
giai
giap quan dpi
phat
xit va phan chia pham vi anh
hLfomg
a chau Au va chau A.
Toan bo nhuTng quyet
dinh
cua hoi nghi lanta cung nhOTng thoa thuan
sau do cua ba ci/cmg
quoc
da trd thanh khuon kho ciia
trat
tii the
gidi
m6i, thtfcfng
di/oc
goi la

"Trat
tif hai
ciTc
lanta".
9
jFj Sli
THANH
LAP
LIEN
HOP
QUOC
1. Hoan canh
lich
svC
- Tii ngay 25 - 4 den ngay 26 - 6 - 1945, mot hoi nghi quoc te Idn da
hop tai Xan Phranxixco (Mi) de thong qua ban Hien chifcfng va tuyen bo
thanh
lap Lien hop quoc.
-
Ngay
24 - 10 - 1945, ban Hien chiAfng Lien hiep quoc c6 hieu life.
2.
Muc dich
Duy
tri hoa
binh
v^ an
ninh
the gidi, phat trien cac moi quan he
hCili

nghi
giuTa ede dan toe va tien hanh sif hap tac quoc te giQ& cac ni/dc tren
ca sd ton trpng nguyen tac
binh
ding va quyen
tiJ
quyet cua cac dan toe.
3.
Nguyen
iAc hoat
dpng
- Binh dang chu quyen giiJa cac quoc gia va quyen tif quyet ciia cac dan toe.
- Ton trong toan ven lanh tho va doc lap chinh tri cua tat ca cac ni/dc.
- I3i6ng can thiep vao cong
viec
noi bo cua bat ki nifdc nao.
- Giai quyet cac
tranh
chap quoc te bSng bien phap hoa
binh.
- Chung song hoa
binh
va sii nhat tri giflra 5 nUde Idn.
4.
Cac ccf quan j
* Dai hoi dong: Gom tat ca cac nifdc thanh vien, c6 quyen hanh rpng
rai.
M6i nam Dai hoi dong hop mot ki de thao luan tat ca cac van de
hoac
cong

viec
thupe pham vi Hien chtfcfng quy
dinh.
* Hoi dong Bao an: La ca quan
gicr
vai tro trong yeu hang dau trong
viec
duy tri hoa
binh
an
ninh
the gidi.
* Ban Thtf ki: Crf quan hanh chinh - to chuTc cua Lien hop quoc, dilng
dau
la Tong thu ki vdi nhiem ki 5 nam.
Ngoai
ra con c6 Hoi dong Kinh te - Xa hoi. Hoi dong Quan thac, Toa
an
Quoc
te
Den nSm 2006, Lien hop quoc c6 192 quoc gia thanh vien.
Tif
thang 9 -1977, Viet Nam trd thanh thanh vien
thiJ
149 cua Lien
hcfp quoic.
ml Sli
HINH
THANH
HAI HE

THONG
XA HOI CHU
NGHIA
VA Tl/ BAN
CHU
NGHIA
Van de ni^oTc Diic
+ Sau Chien
tranh
the gidi thuT H, quan dpi Lien X6 chiem dong vCing
lanh
tho phia Dong ni/dc DuTc, Anh chiem vCing Tay BSc, Mi chiem vimg
phia
Nam,
Phap
chiem mot phan lanh tho phia Tay.
10
+ Thang 12 - 1946, Mi va Anh da tien hanh rieng re
viec
hcfp nhat hai
khu
vUc chiem dong cua minh nhkm chia cat lau dai
niidc
DiJc.
Cuo'i cung,
thang 6 - 1949, Ml - Anh -
Phap
da hcfp nhat cac vung chiem dong va lap
ra Nha
niidc

Cong hoa Lien bang (CHLB) Dufc.
+
Vdri
str giup dd cua Lien X6, cac life lifgng dan chu or Dong Dufc da
thanh lap Nha ntfdc Cong hoa Dan chu (CHDC) Dure vao thang 10 - 1949.
Nhu
the, tren lanh tho Dure da xuat hien hai nha
nxidc
DJJTC
vdri
che
do chlnh tri va con di/dng phat trien
khac
nhau.
Van
de Dong Au va Tay Au
+ Trong nhflng nam 1945 - 1947, cac ntfdc Dong Au da xay
diing
bo
may Nha ntfdc dan chu nhan dan va tien hanh xay
diing
chu nghia xa
hoi,
tifng
hxidc
hinh
thanh
he
thong
cac

niiac
dan chu
nhan
dan - xa. hoi
chu
nghia.
+ d Tay Au, hau het cac ni/dc bi chien tranh tan pha nang ne. Vao luc
do.
Ml de ra "Ke
hoach
phuc
hiftig
chau Au" (con goi la "Ke
hoach
Macsan")
nhSm vien trcf cac
niidc
Tay Au khoi phuc
kinh
te, dong
thori
tang cifcfng anh hudng va sir khdng che ciia Ml ddi vdi cac
niidc
nay. He
thong
tU ban chu
nghia
cung
hinh
thanh

theo
sU
dinh
hitang
cua Ml.
Chtfonfill
LIEN
X6 VA
CAC
n\S6C
DONG AU (1945
-1991)
LIEN
BANG NGA (1991 -
2000)
BAI
2
LIEN
X6 VA CAC HKSdC DONG AU (1945 - 1991)
LIEN
BANG NGA (1991 -
2000)
7j
LIEN
X6 VA CAC NJdC DONG AU TLf NAM 1945 DEN
GlCfA
NHCTNG NAM 70
1. Lien Xd
a) Cong
cuoc

khoi phuc
kinh
te or Lien X6 (1945 - 1950)
Hodn
canh
lich
sit
Lien
X6 la niTdc chiu ton that nang ne nhat trong
cuoc
Chien tranh
the
gidri
thuT
II:
Hcfn 27 trieu ngifcfi
chet;
1710 thanh phd, hcfn
70.000
lang
mac, gan
32.000
nha may, xi nghiep bi tan pha.
11
NhUng thanh tUii dot duac
- Hoan thanh thSng
Icri
ke
hoach
5 nam (1946 - 1950) tnJ&c thcfi han 9 thang.

- Nen san xuat
cong
nghiep
dtfgc
phuc
hoi nam 1947. Den nSm 1950
san lifcrng
cong
nghiep
tang 73% so vdi tnrdrc chien tranh.
- San xua't
nong
nghiep
nam 1950 dat
muTc
trUdrc chieh tranh.
- Khoa hoc - ki thuat phat
trien
nhanh
chong.
Nam 1949, Lien X6 che
tao thanh
cong
bom nguyen tuf, pha v5 the doc quyen vu khi nguyen tOr
ciia Ml.
b) Lien X6 tiep tuc xay
diftig
co sd vat chat - ki thuat cua CNXH (tCr
nam 1950 den nijfa dau nhomg nam 70)
1\i nam 1950 den nam 1975. Lien X6 da thiTc hien nhieu ke

hoach
dai
han nham tiep tuc xay
dOng
ccf sd vat chat - ki thuat ciia CNXH.
- Ve
cong
nghiep, trd thanh
cifcmg
quoc
cong
nghiep
diing
thijf
hai tren the
gidri
(sau Mi), chiem khoang 20% tong san li/cfng
cong
nghiep
toan the gicd.
- Ve
nong
nghiep, san Itfcfng
nong
pham trong nhflng nam 60 tang
trung
binh khoang 16%/nam.
- Ve khoa hoc - ki thuat, nam 1957, Lien X6 la niidc dau tien
phong
thanh

cong
ve
tinh
nhan tao ciia
Trai
Dat. Nam 1961,
phong
con tau vu tru
Phiiong
Dong
dtfa nha du hanh vu tru Gagarin bay
vong
quanh
Trai
Dat.
- Ve mat xa hoi, c6 nhOng thay doi ro ret. Ti le
cong
nhan chiem hon
55% sd ngadi lao
dong
trong ca nUdc.
Trinh
do hoc van cua ngifdi dan
di/Oc
nang cao, gan 3/4 so dan dat
trinh
do trung hoc va dai hoc.
Lien
X6 trd thanh tru cot cua he thong xa hoi chii nghia, la cho diia
cho hoa binh va

phong
trao
each
mang the gi(Ji.
2. Cac niidc Dong Au
a) Sir ra dcfi cua cac ntftJc dan chu nhan dan
Dong
Au
- Trong nhCfng nam 1944 - 1945, khi Hong quan Lien X6
truy
kich
quan doi phat xit qua vung
Dong
Au, nhan dan
Dong
Au ndi day gianh
chinh quyen va thanh lap Nha ntfdc dan chu nhan dan.
+
Cong
hoa Nhan dan Ba Lan
(1944),
Cong
hoa Nhan dan Rumani
(1944),
Cong
hoa Nhan dan Hunggari
(1945),
Cong
hoa Tiep
Khac

(1945),
Cong
hoa Nhan dan Lien Bang Nam TiT
(1945),
Cong
hoa Nhan dan
Anbani
(1945),
Cong
hoa Nhan dan Bungari
(1946).
+
Rieng
Dong
Dure,
vdri
sir giiip dd cua Lien X6, thang 10 - 1949 nirdc
Cong
hoa Dan chu Dure
diTcfc
thanh lap.
b)
Cong
cuoc
xay diTng chu nghia xa hoi d cac nifdc
Dong
Au
- Trong nhorng nam 50 - 1975, cac niTdc
Dong
Au thiic hien ke

hoach
5
nam nham xay diTng ca sd vat chat - ki thuat ciia chu nghia xa hoi trong
dieu kien kho khan.
12
- V<5i sii giup dd c6 hieu qua cua Lien X6 va sU c6
gang
vifcrt bac cua
nhan dan, cac ni/dc
Dong
Au da gianh
difcfc
nhieu thanh
tiJU
to Idn.
+
Ve
cong
nghiep: Xay diTng
difoc
nen
cong
nghiep
dan toe, dien khi
hoa toan
quoc,
nang san li/ong
cong
nghiep
len gap

chuc
Ian.
+
Ve
nong
nghiep: Dap ijfng nhu cau lUWng thifc, thuc pham cho nhan dan.
+
Ve khoa hoc - ki thuat: Tit nhufng midc
ngheo,
Dong
Au tror thanh
quoc
gia
cong
-
nong
nghiep.
3. Quan hcfp tac gi€fa cac midc xa hpi chu nghia
a) Quan he
kinh
te, van hoa, khoa hoc - ki thuat
-
Ngay
08 - 01 - 1949, Hoi
dong
ti/cfng tra
kinh
te (viet tat la SEV)
diioc
thanh lap gom cac ntfdfc: Lien X6, Anbani, Ba Lan, Bungari,

Hunggari, Rumani, Tiep
KhSc;
sau nay c6 them cac nifdc CHDC
Dufc
(1950),
Cong
hoa Nhan dan Mong Co
(1962),
Cong
hoa
Cuba
(1972),
Cong
hoa Xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam
(1978).
- Muc tieu cua SEV la tSng cilcmg sir hop tac giffa cac ni/dc xa hoi chu
nghia, thuc day sii tien bo ve khoa hoc - ki thuat, khong ngCfng nang cao
muTc
song
cua cac thanh vien.
b) Quan he chinh tri - quan sii
-
Ngay
14 - 5 - 1955, cac nifdc Anbani, Ba Lan, Bungari, CHDC Dufc,
Hunggari, Lien X6, Rumani, Tiep
KhSc
da hop tai
Vacsava,
cung
nhau ki

Hiep xldc hOli nghi, hop tac va tifcfng trg danh dau sir ra ddi ciia To
chuTc
Hiep iTdc
Vacsava.
- Muc tieu: thanh lap lien minh
phong
thii
ve quan sir va chinh tri cua
cac nirdc xa hoi chu nghia
chau
Au.
n]
LIEN
X6 VA CAC
NLfdC
DONG
AU Tlf
GIOTA
NHOTNG
NAM 70
DEN NAM 1991
1. Sji khung hoang cua che do xa h^i chu nghia
oT
Lien
Xd
a. Tinh hinh
- Nam 1973,
cuoc
khung
hoang

dau mo bimg no da tac
dong
manh me
den
tinh
hinh chinh
tri,
kinh
te, tai chinh cua nhieu nirdc tren the gidi.
- Dang va Nha niTdc Lien X6
cham
de ra nhQlig bien
phap
de thich
nghi
vdi
tinh
hinh mdi. Vi vay, den cuoi nhCfng nSm 70 - dau nhufng nam
80 ciia the ki XX,
kinh
te Lien X6 dan hoc 16 dau hieu suy thoai. Dcfi
song
chinh tri c6 nhufng
di§n
bien
phufc
tap, xua't hien tiT tiTOng va mot so
nhom doi lap
chohg
lai Dang

Cong
san va Nha ni/dc X6 viet.
b) Cong cugc cdi to (1985 - 1991)
- Thang 3 - 1985,
M.Goocbachop
len nam quyen lanh dao Dang va
Nha ntrdc Lien X6, da di/a ra diTcfng loi tien hanh cai to.
13
- Sau 6 nam tien hanh cai to, do pham nhieu sai lam nen
tinh
hinh
khong
dtroc cai thien, dat niidc X6 viet lam vac
tinh
trang khung
hoang
toan dien.
c)
Su sup do cua
Lien
bang X6
viet
- Ngay 19 - 8 - 1991, mot
cuoc
chinh bien nhkm lat do
Goocbachop
no
ra
nhimg that bai. Sau do,
Goocbachop

tuyen bo' tii
chuTc
Tong Bi
thif
Dang
Cong
san Lien X6, yeu cau giai tan Uy ban Trung
Utfng
Dang. Dang
Cong
san Lien X6 bi dinh chi
boat
dong,
Chinh phu Lien bang bi te
liet.
- Ngay 21 - 12 - 1991, 11 ni/dc
cong
hoa trong Lien bang ki hiep dinh
thanh
lap
cong
dong
cac
quoc
gia doc lap (SNG).
- Ngay 25 - 12 - 1991, sup do che do xa hoi chu nghia d Lien X6 sau
74 nSm ton tai.
2. S\i khung hoang cua che dp xa hpi chu nghia it cac
midc
Dong Au

- Vao nhCmg nam cudi
ciia
thap ki 70 - dau thap ki 80, nen
kinh
te
Dong Au lam vao
tinh
trang
tri
tre.
- Nhan dan cac ntfdc Dong Au giam sut long tin vao Dang va Nha
ntrdrc.
Sii bat binh cua ho
ngay
cang
tang len.
- Ban lanh dao Dang va Nha midc d cac ntfdc Dong Au c6
nhfifng
cd
gang
de dieu chinh sif phat
trien
kinh
te. Nhitog cudi cimg hi be tSc, lam
cho khung
hoang
ngay
them gay gat.
- Cac
niTdrc

Dong Au
chap
nhan
tinh
trang da nguyen, da dang va tien
hanh tdng tuyen cuf, chaitn
diJt
che do xa hoi chu nghia. Cac ntfdc Dong Au
Ian
lifgrt
tii bo chu nghia xa hoi, tuyen
bd^
la ntfdc
cong
hoa.
3. Nguyen nhan sup do che dp xa hpi chu nghia it
Lien
Xd va cac
midc
Dong Au
- Xay
diftig
chu nghia xa hoi mang
tinh
chii quan, duy y chi, ccf che tap
trung
quan lieu bao cap. Sii thieu dan chu va
cong
bang trong xa hoi.
- Khong bat kip biidc phat

trien
cua
cudc
each
mang khoa hoc - ki
thuat
tien
tien.
- Khi tien hanh cai to lai pham sai lam tren nhieu mat.
- Sii chdng pha cua cac the
liic
thd dich trong va ngoai nifdc.
ml
LIEN
BANG
NGA Tlf NAM 1991 DEN NAM
2000
Sau khi Lien X6 tan ra. Lien bang Nga la
"qudc
gia ke tuc Lien Xo".
- Ve
kinh
te, trong
nhuTng
nam 1990 - 1995, tdc do tang
tn/dng
binh
quan hang nam cua GDP luon la sd
am.
Tif nam 1997 trd di,

kinh
te
difoc
phuc
hoi va phat
trien.
14
- Ve chinh tri, thang 12 - 1993 ban Hien phap Lien bang Nga ducfc
ban hanh, quy dinh the che Tong thong Lien bang.
- Ve do'i noi, Nga phai do'i mat
vdri
hai thach thufc 1dm la
tinh
trang
khong on dinh do sif tranh
chap
giila cac dang phai va nhCTng vu xung dot
sSc toe.
- Ve mat do'i ngoai, mot mat Nga nga ve phtftmg Tay vdi hi vong nhan
difcJc
sii
ling
ho ve chinh tri va sir vien tro ve kinh te; mat
khac,
khoi
phuc va phat trien moi quan he vdi cac Tuidc
chau
A.
- TCr dau nam
2000,

chinh phu ciia Tong thong Putin co
gSng
phat
trien
kinh te, cung co nha
niftJc
phap quyen, on dinh
tinh
hinh xa hoi va
nang cao vi the
quoc
te cua
luldc
Nga.
ClKWnfi (II
CAC
NUdC
A, PHI VA Ml
LATINH
(1945 -
2000)
BAI 3
CAC
NlTdC
DONG BAC A
T]
NET
CHUNG
VE KHU
VJC

E>6NG
BAC A
-
TrtftJc
Chien tranh the
gidi
thuf II, cac nifdc Dong B&c A (trCr Nhat
Ban) deu bi chu nghia thiic dan no dich. TU sau nam 1945,
tinh
liinh
khu
vUc
CO
nhieu bie'n chuyen.
- Tif nijfa sau the ki XX, khu vvfc Dong B&c A da dat di/crc sif trudng
thanh nhanh chong ve kinh te. Han
Quoc,
Hong Cong, Dai Loem trd
thanh nhorng "con rong" kinh te d
chau
A. Nhat Ban trof thanh nen kinh
te Idn thi'f hai the
gidi.
TRUNG
QUOC
1. Sii
thanh
lap mitfc Cpng hoa Nhan dan Trung Hoa va
thanh
tiAi

10 nam dau xay dUng che dp mdi (1949
-1959)
a.
Cuoc
noi chien:
-
Cupc
noi chien keo dai hem 3 nam (1946 -
1949).
- Ngay 20 - 7 - 1946, Ti/dng Gidi
Thach
phat dong
cuoc
chien tranh
chong Dang Cong san.
- Ti^ thang 7 - 1946 den thang 6 - 1947, Quan giai phong Trung
Quoc
thiic
hien chien lilOc phong ngif tich cifc. Sau giai doan nay, Quan giai
phong chuyen
sang
phan cong, tien quan vao cac vung do Dang
Quoc
dan
kiem
soat.
15
- Cuoi nam 1949,
cupc
noi chien ket thuc, toan bo luc dia Trung

Quoc
diipc
giai
phong. Tap
doan
Tii&ng
Giori Thach that bai, phai thao
chay
ra Dai Loan.
- Ngay 01 - 10 - 1949,
nudc
Cong
hoa Nhan dan Trung Hoa chinh thiJc
thanh
lap, dumg dau la Chu tich Mao Trach Dong.
b. Y nghia:
- Cham duft hcfn 100 nSm no dich cua de
quoc,
xoa bo tan dil phong kien.
- Dua
nude
Trung Hoa biTdc vao ki nguyen doc lap, tu do va tien len
chu nghIa xa hoi.
- Anh hifdng sau sac
tori
phong trao giai phong dan toe the
gidri.
c.
Cong
cuoc

khoi
phuc
kinh
te va eai
each
- Nhiem vu hang dau cua nhan dan Trung
Quoc
la dUa da't nUdc thoat
khoi
ngheo
nan, lac hau, phat
trien
kinh
te, xa hoi, van hoa va
giao
due.
- Tii nam 1953, Trung
Qude
thue hien ke
hoach
5 nam dau tien (1953 -
1957).
Nhcf no
liic
lao
dong
cua toan dan va sif giup dd cua Lien X6, ke
hoaeh
5 nSm hoan thanh thSng loi. Bo mat dat nUdc Trung
Quoc

c6 nhieu
thay
doi ro ret.
- Ve doi ngoai, thi hanh chinh
sach
ngoai
giao
tich
ciTc
nhSm cung co
hoa binh va thiic day sU phat
trien
cua phong trao
each
mang the giori.
Ngay 18 - 01 - 1950, Trung
Quoc
thiet lap quan he ngoai
giao
v6i Viet Nam.
2.
Trung
Quoc trong
nhuTng
jiam khong on dinh (1959 - 1978)
- Ve doi npi, tii nSm 1959 den nam 1978, Trung Hoa lam vao
tinh
trang
khong on dinh ve
kinh

te, chinh
tri,
xa hoi. Vdi
viee
de ra va thife
hien
du&ng 161 "Ba ngon ecr hong" vdi mong muon nhanh
chong
xay difng
thanh
cong
chu nghIa xa hoi.
Hau
qua la tif n&m 1959, trong ca nifdc nan doi dien ra tram trpng, dcfi
song
nhan dan kho khSn, san xuat ngifng tre, dat nifdc khong on dinh.
NhOng kh6 khan ve
kinh
te da dan
tori
hien
dong
ve chinh
tri.
Bieu hien:
+
Trong npi bp ban lanh dao Trung
Quoc
xay ra sir bat
dong

gay gat ve
dudng lo'i, dan
tori
sir
tranh
gianh quyen
life.
+
Tif nam 1969 den nam 1978, trong npi bp ban lanh dao vSn tiep tue
diin
ra
cupc
tranh
gianh quyen life gay gat.
- Ve doi ngoai, ung hp
cupc
dau
tranh
chong
Ml xam lifpc cua nhan dan
Viet
Nam cung nhu
cupc
dau
tranh
giai phong dan toe cua nhan dan cac
ntfdc A, Phi va Ml
Latinh.
Cung trong
thdi

ki nay, da xay ra nhOrng
cupc
xung dot or bien gidi giCfa Trung
Quoc
vdi An Dp
(1962),
giuTa Trung
Quoc
vdi
Lien X6
(1969).
Thang 2 - 1972, Tong thong Ml Nichxcm
sang
tham
Trung
Quoc,
md dau quan he mdi
theo
chieu hi/dng hoa diu gitfa hai nUde.
16
3. Cong cuoc cai each
-
md coba (to( nam
1978)
- Thang
12 -
1978, Trung
tATng
Bang
Cong

san
Trung
Quoc
de ra
dtfcrng
16'i
mori, mcr dau
cho cong
cuoc
cai each
kinh
te - xa
hoi. Dtfcfng loi
nay
dtfcfc
nang len thanh dtfcmg Ira
chung
cua
Dai hoi XII (thang
9 -
1982),
dac
biet
la
Dai hoi
XIII
(thang
10 - 1987) cua
Dang:
lay

phat
trien
kinh
te lam
trung
tarn;
tien
hanh
cai each va
md
ouCa,
chuyen nen
kinh
te ke
hoach
hoa
tap trung
sang
kinh
te
thi
tn£ing
xa hoi chu
n^ia, nhkm hien dai
hoa va
xay difng
chu
nghia
xa hoi
mang

mau sSc
Trung
(^6c,
vdri
muc
tieu bien
Trung
Quoic
thanh
quoc
gia
giau
manh, dan
chu va
van minh.
- Thifc hien dii&ng Idi
cai each,
dat
nUdc
Trung
Quoc
c6
nhuTng bien
doi
can ban.
+
Khoa
hoc -
Id thuat, van
hoa

va
giao
due dat nhieu thanh
tiiU
quan trong.
+
Nam 1964, Trung
Quoc
thijr
thanh
cong
bom nguyen tuf.
+
Tif thang
11 - 1999 den
thang
3 -
2003,
Trung
Quoc
da
phong
4 con
tau
"Than Chau"
va
ngay
15 - 10 -
2003,
tau

"Than Chau
5"
cung nha
du
hanh Di/cfng Lgi Vi
da bay vao
vu tru.
-
Ve
do'i ngoai, Trung
Quoc c6
nhieu thay doi.
+
Da
binh thi/cmg
hoa
quan
he v6i
Lien X6, Viet Nam, Mong
Co,
khoi
phuc
quan
he
ngoai
giao
vdi Inddnexia
+
Md
rong quan

he
hiiki
ngfai,
hop tac vdi cac
nifdrc tren
the
gidi;
c6
nhieu
dong
gop
trong
viec
giai quyet
cac
tranh
chap
quoc
te.
BAI
4
CAC Nl/6C DONG
NAM
A VA AN DO
Tj CAC
Nl/dC
DONG
NAM
A
1.

Sif thanh lap cac quoc gia dpc lap
d
Dong Nam
A
a. Vdi net chung
vi
qua
trinh
dau tranh gidnh doc lap
- Trade Chien tranh
the
gidi
thiJ
11,
hau het cac
midc trong khu vifc
(tnr
Thai Ljm)
deu la
thuoc
dia cua
de
quoc
Au
-
Ml.
- Trong Chien tranh the gidi
thiJ
11, Dong Nam
A

trd th^nh
thuoc
dia
cua Nhat Ban.
- Giufa thang
8 -
1945, nhan
dan
Dong Nam
A
ddng
len dau
tranh,
nhieu niidc gianh
duoc
doc
lap.
+
Ngay
17 - 8 -
1945, nhan
dan
Inddnexia tuyen
bo doc lap va
thanh
lap nifdc
Cong
hoa
Indonexia.
+ Thdng 8 - 1945, nhan dan Viet Nam

tiein
hanh Tong
khdi
nghia;
ngay 02 - 9 - 1945, ntfdrc Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa ra ddi.
+ Thang 8 - 1945, nhan dan cac bo tgc Lao noi day, den ngay 12 - 10,
ruidc
Lao tuyen bo' doc lap.
- Sau do, thifc dan Au - Ml quay
trdr
lai tai chiem Dong Nam A. Nhan
dan
c^c
niTcJc
Dong Nam A lai tien hanh khang chien chong xam Itfcfc.
+ Vdi
thang
lai cua chien dich Dien Bien Phu Viet Nam
(1954)
buoc
Phap
phai ki ket Hiep
dinh
Gicmevo cong nhan cac quyen dan toe ca ban
cua Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia.
+ Thang 5 - 1949, Ha Lan
phiii
cong nhan Cong hoa Lien bang Indonexia
va ngay 15 - 8 - 1950,
ni/6c

Cong hoa Indonesia thong nhat dutfc thanh lap.
+ Cdc nLfdrc Au - Mi lan
Itfcft
cong nhan doc lap cua cac
niidc
Philippin
(1946),
Mien Dien
(1948),
Ma Lai
(1957),
Xingapo
(1959),
Viet Nam, Lao,
Campuchia
(1975),
Brunay
(1984),
Dong Timo
(2002).
b. Lao (1945 - 1975)
*
Cugc
khang
chien
chong
Phap
(1945 - 1954)
- GiCra thang 8 - 1945, Nhat Ban dau hang E)6ng
minh

v6 dieu kien. Nam
thod
ca thuan Im, ngay 23 - 8 - 1945, nhan dan Lao noi day gianh chinh
quyen. Ngay 12 - 10, chinh phu Lao ra mat quoc dan va tuyen bo doc lap.
- Thang 3 - 1946, thiTc dan
Phap
trd lai tai chiem Lao. Nhan dan Lao
mot
lan nOfa phai cam sung khang chien bao ve nen doc lap cua
minh.
-
Dtfofi
sir lanh dao cua Dang Cong san Dong Diiong va sii giup da cua
quan
tinh
nguyen Viet Nam,
cuoc
khang chien chong thiTc dan
Phap
d
Lao ngay
cang
phat trien.
- Sau chien
thang
Dien Bien
Phii,
Hiep dinh Gionevo
(1954),
Phap

phai
cong nhan doc lap chu quyen va
toan
ven lanh tho cua Lao, thifa
nhan dia vi hgp phap cua cac lut
Itftfng
khang chien Lao.
*
Cugc
khang
chien
chong
Ml (1954 - 1975)
- Ngay sau khi Hiep
dinh
Gioneva ve Dong Di/ong vCra ki ket. Ml da
lap tuTc hat
cang
Phap, am
miAi
bien Lao thanh thuoc dia kieu mdi. TCr
day, nhan dan Lao lai phai cam sung chong ke thu mdi la de quoc Ml.
-
Dtrdri
sii lanh dao cua Dang Nhan dan
Cach
mang Lao (thanh lap
ngay 22 - 3 -
1955),
cuoc

dau tranh cua nhan dan Lao
diin
ra ca tren ba
mat tran: quan sif - chinh tri - ngoai giao va gianh dUOc nhieu thing lai.
- Nhan dan Lao lan laat danh bai cac ke hoach chien tranh ciia Mi,
den dau nhufng nam 70 vung giai phong diigc md rong
vdri
4/5 dat dai.
- Thang 2 - 1973, Hiep
dinh
Vieng Chan duWc ki ket ve lap lai hoa
binh
va thiic hien hoa hap dan tpc a Lao.
18
- Mua xuan nam 1975,
cuoc
Tong
tien
cong
va noi day cua quan dan
Viet Nam thing lai da c6 vu va tao dieu kien cho
each
mang Lao tien len
gianh thdng lai
hoan
toan. TiT thang 5 den thang 12 - 1975, quan dan
Lao da noi day gianh chinh quyen trong ca ntfdrc.
-
Ngay
02 - 12 - 1975, ni/dc

Cong
hoa Dan chu Nhan dan Lao chinh
thiJc thanh lap. Tii do, nildc Lao hiidc
sang
thcfi ki mdi - xay di/ng dat
midc va phat
trien
kinh
te - xa hoi.
c. Campuchia
- Dau thang 10 - 1945, thtfc dan
Phap
quay
trd lai xam li/gc va thong
tri
Campuchia. Nhan dan Campuchia tien hanh
cuoc
khang chien
chong
thifc
dan Phap.
- Sau chien thang Dien Bien Phu, Chinh
phii
Phap
phai ki Hiep dinh
Gicfnevo
ve
Dong
DiJcfng,
cong

nhan doc lap, chu quyen, thong nhat va
toan ven lanh tho
ciaa
Campuchia.
- Tii nSm 1954 den dau nSm 1970, chinh phia Xihaniic thifc hien di/cfng
lo'i
hoa binh trung lap.
- Sau
cuoc
dao chinh lat do Xihaniic
ngay
18 - 3 - 1970 cua the life tay
sai Mi, Campuchia bi keo vac quy dao ciia
cuoc
chien tranh thiic dan kieu
mdi
cua Ml tren ban dao
Dong
Di/cfng.
-
Ngay
17 - 4 - 1975, thu do
Phnom
Penh
difcfc
giai
phong,
cuoc
khang
chien

chong
Ml cua nhan dan Campuchia ket thuc thang Igi.
-
Ngay
sau do, nhan dan Campuchia lai phai tiep tuc
cuoc
dau tranh
chong
tap
doan
Khcfme do do Pon Pot cam dau phan bpi
each
mang thi
hanh chinh
sach
diet chung, tan sat hang
trieu
ngtfM dan v6 toi.
-
Ngay
7 - 01 - 1979, thu do
Phnom
Penh
difcfe giai
phong
khoi che do
Khcfme do diet chung, Campuchia bildre vao thcfi ki hoi sinh, xay difng lai
dat nifdc.
- TCr nam 1979 d Campuchia da
di§n

ra
cuoc
noi chien
giOa
life li/gng
cua Dang Nhan dan
Cach
mang vdfi cac phe phai doi lap, chu yeu la life
liicrng
Khome
do.
Cuoc
noi chien keo dai hem mot thap ki, gay nhieu ton
that
cho dat nifdc.
-
Ngay
23 - 10 - 1991, Hiep dinh hoa binh ve Campuchia
di/ac
ki ket
tai
Pari. Sau
cuoc
tong tuyen cijf thang 9 - 1993,
Quoe
hoi mdi da thong
qua Hien phap, tuyen bo' thanh lap Vucfng
quo'c
Campuchia do N.Xihanuc
lam

Quo'c
vifcfng. Tii do, Campuchia
bi/dc
sang
mot thcfi ki mdi.
2. Qua
trinh
xay di^ng va phat trien cua cac nrfdfc Dong Nam A
a. Nhom 5 niidc
sang
lap ASEAN
- Sau khi gianh
dtfcfc
doc lap, nhom 5 niJdc
sang
lap ASEAN deu tien
hanh
cong
nghiep
hoa, xay difng nen
kinh
te tif chu. Tap trung day manh
phat
trien
cac nganh
cong
nghiep
san xuat hang tieu diing noi dia thay
the hang nhap khau.
19

- Thanh
tiiU:
dap
uTng
di/crc
nhu cau cua nhan dan, phat
trien
mot so
nganh che bien, che tao giai quyet nan that nghiep.
- TCr
nhuTng
nam 60 - 70 trd di, cac nddc nay
chuyen
sang
chien
liioc
lay xua't
khaiu
lam chu dao, thiic hien chinh
sach
"mof
cilfa"
nen
kinh
te,
thu
hiit
von dau tii va ki thuat cua nifdrc ngoai, tap trung
hang
hoa de

xuat khau, phat
trien
ngoai
thi/cfng.
- Thanh
tifu:
ti trong
cong
nghiep
trong nen
kinh
te
quoc
dan da Idn
hcfn
nong
nghiep,
mau dich doi ngoai tang
truorng
nhanh.
b. Nhom cac nvtdc
Dong
Diiang
- Sau khi
gianh
dugc doc lap, cac
nUcrc
Dong
Dilcfng,
ve ccf ban da

phat
trien
nen
kinh
te tap
trung,
va da dat dLfoc mot so
thanh
tiiU,
nhuhg con
gap
nhieu
kho
khSn.
- Trong thdi ki xay difng dat ni/dfc, mac du da dat
dUtfc
mot so thanh
tiiU
hiidc dau, nhitog Lao vSn la niidc
nong
nghiep.
Cong
nghiep
va
dich
vu
chaa
phat
trien.
TCr

cudi
nhCftig
nam 80 cua the' ki XX, Lao
thifc
hien
cong
cuoc
doi
mdri,
kinh
te c6
nhuTng
hudc phat
trien
kha
nhanh,
dcri
song
cac dan toe dLfcrc cai
thien.
- Tit sau khi thanh lap Vucfng
qudc
(1993),
tinh
hinh chinh tri dan dan
on dinh, Campuchia hu6c vao giai
doan
phuc
hoi
kinh

te va xay dtfng, dat
difcrc mot so thanh txiu dang ke.
3. Cac
mi6c
khac
d Dong Nam A
- Nen
kinh
te Brunay c6 net
khac
5 midc noi tren. Hau
nhU
toan bo
kinh
te Brunay deu
diTa
vao nguon thu tii dau mo va khi tii nhien.
Li/cfng
thirc,
thifc
pham
phai nhap t6i 80%. Tii
giuTa
nhuTng
nam 80 cua the ki
XX,
chinh
phu tien
hanh
dieu

chinh
cac
chinh
sach
co ban nh&m da
dang
hoa nen
kinh
te.
- Sau gan 30 nam thi h^nh chinh
sach
txi liic hi/dng noi, Mianma co
tdc dp tang tn/6mg
kinh
te
cham
chap.
TCf cudi nSm 1988, chinh phu tien
hanh cai "\ch
kinh
te va "md
cufa",
do do nen
kinh
te co
sii
khdi sdc. Tdc
do
tang
triidng

GDP nSm 1995 la 7%, nSm
2000
: 6,2%.
4.
Si^
ra
dori
va phat
trien
cua to
chuTc
ASEAN
a. Hoan
canh
- Sau khi gianh
dUcfc
doc lap, cac nifdrc d
Dong
Nam A con gap nhieu
kho khan nen c6 nhu cau hop tac vdfi nhau
cung
phat
trien.
Dong
thdi
mud^n han che anh hiidng cua cac the life ben ngoai doi vdi khu viic.
-
Ngay
8 - 08 - 1967, Hiep hoi cac nxidc
Dong

Nam A (viet tat
theo
tieng
Anh
la ASEAN)
dapc
thanh lap tai
Bang
Cde (Thai Lan) v6i sif tham gia
cua 5
nUofe:
Indonexia, Malaixia,
Xingapo,
Thai Lan va Philippin.
20
b. Qu6
trinh
boat
dong
- Trong giai
doan
dau (1967 -
1975),
ASEAN la mot to
chvlc
non yeu, sir
hap tac trong khu viic con trong trang
thai
khcri dau, chtfa c6 vi tri tren
tru&ng

quoc
te. Tii giffa nhCfng nam 70, ASEAN c6 nhiMg
h\Xdc
tien mdi.
- Nam 1984, sau khi gianh
daoc
doc lap, Bninay gia nhap va trd thanh
thanh
vien thuT 6 cua ASEAN.
-
Ngay
22 - 7 - 1992, Viet Nam va Lao tham gia Hiep Udc
Bali.
Tiep
do, thang 7 - 1995, Viet Nam trd thanh thanh vien
thijf
7 cua ASEAN.
Thang 7 - 1997, L^o va Mianma gia nhap ASEAN, va thang 4 - 1999
Campuchia
di/oc
ket nap vao to
chiJc
nay.
- Nhir vay, ttf nam niidc
sang
lap ban dau, ASEAN da phat
trien
thanh 10
nam thanh vien. TCr day, ASEAN day manh
boat

dpng hop tac
kinh
te, xay
dung
Dong
Nam A thanh khu vifc boa binb, on dinh de
cung
phat
trien.
JIJANDO
1. Cupc dau tranh gianh dpc lap
- Sau Chien tranh the
gidri
thuf
II,
cuoc
dau tranh
chong
thiic dan Anh,
doi doc lap
difdi
sir lanh dao cua Dang
Quoc
dai bung len manh me.
- Tm6c
sufc
ep cua
phong
trao dau tranh da lam cho thifc dan Anh phai
nhutfng

bo, hiifa se trao quyen tiT tri cho An Do va ngtfcri Anh se
rofi
khoi
An
Do inidc thang 7 - 1948.
- Tren ccf sd thoa thuan nay,
ngay
15 - 8 - 1947, An Do da tach thanh
hai
quoc
gia: An Do va Pakixtan.
-
Tnfdc
sure
ep cua
phong
trao quan chung, tbifc dan Anh
buoc
phai
cong
nhan dpc lap
hoan
toan cua An Do.
Ngay
26 - 01 - 1950, An Do
tuyen bo' doc lap va thanh lap nifdrc
cpng
boa.
- Sii thanh lap nir<Jc
Cong

hoa An Dp danh dau thSng Ipi to Idn cua
nhan dan An Dp, c6 anh hifdng quan trong den
phong
trao giai
phong
dan tpc tren the gidi.
2. Cong cupc xay duCng dat ni^oTc
- Trong
thori
ki xay dirng dat nxidc. An Dp dat dxiac nhieu thanh
tifti
ve
nong
nghiep
va
cong
nghiep.
- Nhd tien
hanb
cupc
"each
mang xanh" trong
nong
nghiep, tif
giOa
nhullig
nam 70 cua the ki XX, An Dp da tii tuc difpc lifong tbiTc va den
nam 1995, la
nU6c
xuat khau gao duTng

thiir
ba tren the gicri.
- Trong cac
llnh
viic vSn ho^,
giao
due va khoa hoc - ki thuat. An Dp c6
nhOmg hxidc tien nhanh
chong
va hien nay dang c6'
gdng
vifcm len hang
cac
cifcmg
quoc
va
cong
nghe
phan mem,
cong
nghe
hat nhan,
cong
nghe
vu
tru
Cupc
"each
mang chat xam" bat dau tir nhiJng nSm 90 da daa An
Dp thanh mot trong nhcmg nifdrc san xuat phan mem lorn nhat the gidi.

21
-
Ve doi
ngoai.
An Dp
theo
dudi chinh
sach
hoa
binh, trung
lap
tich
ciic, luon luon
ung ho cuoc dau
tranh gianh
doc lap cua cac dan toe.
-
An Do
thiet
lap
quan
he
ngoai
giao
vdri
Viet
Nam
ngay
07 - 01 - 1972.
BAI

5
CAC
NUdC CHAU PHI
VA Ml
LATINH
[T]
CAC Nl/dC CHAU PHI
1.
Vai net
ve
cu^c dau tranh gianh dpc lap
Sau Chien tranh
the
gidi thur
II,
phong
trao
dau
tranh bung
no
nhat
d B^c
Phi,
sau do Ian ra cac
khu
virc
khac
khac.
-
Md dau la cuoc

binh chien
cua si
quan
va
binh
linh
yeu
rnidc
Ai Cap
lat
do
Aofcmg
trieu
Pharuc,
cho
difa
cua
thiTc
dan
Anh,
lap nen
n\i6c
Cong
hoa
Ai Cap (18 - 6 -
1953).
-
Ttf nam 1952 den nam 1958
hang loat nifdc gianh diigc
doc lap:

Libi,
Angieri,Tuynidi,
Mardc, Xudang,
Gana,
Ghine
-
Dac
biet, lich
suf ghi
nhan
nam 1960 la "Nam
chau
Phi"
vdi 17
niidc
dtWc trao tra
doc lap.
-
Tir sau nam 1975,
nhan
dan cac
thuoc
dia con lai d
chau
Phi
hoan
thanh
cuoc dau
tranh danh
do nen

thong tri thuc
dan cu,
gianh
doc lap
dan
toe va
quyen
song
cua con
ngi/ori.
- Thang
02 - 1990,
chinh quyen
Nam Phi da
tuyen
bd
tif
bo
chinh
sach
phan biet chung
toe (goi la
Apacthai).
2. Unh hinh phat trien
kinh
te -
xa hpi
-
Sau
khi gianh diigc

doc lap, cac
niidc
chau
Phi bat tay vao
cong
cuoc
xHy dung
dat
nude, phat
trien
kinh
te - xa hoi, da thu duoc
nhCfng thanh
tuu
budc
dau.
- Nhieu
nude
chau
Phi e6n nam
trong
tinh
trang
lac hau,
khong
on
dinh
va kho
khan
do

xung
dot, dao
chinh,
noi
chien
diln
ra
lien mien;
d6i ngh^o,
benh
tat va mu
chuT; sU bung
no ve dan so'; no nan va sU
phu
thuoc
vao
nUde ngoai v.v
-
To
ehure thong nha't
chau
Phi (OAU)
thanh
lap
thang
5 - 1963, den
nam
2002
doi
thknh Lien minh ciiau

Phi
(AU), Lien minh
chau
Phi dang
trien
khai nhieu chUOng
trinh
chien
luoc
vi
sU phat
trien
cua
chau
luc.
22
M] CAC
Nl/6C
Ml
LATINH
1. Vai net ve qua
trinh
gianh va bao vf dpc lap dan toe
- Sau Chien tranh the gidi
thuT
II,
Mi tim
each
bie'n Mi Latinh thanh
"san sau" cua minh va xay

d\iag
cac
che do doc tai than Mi.
-
Cuoc
dau tranh
chong
che dp doc tai than Mi bung no va phat
trien.
Tieu bieu la thang
Icri
cua
each
mang
Cuba
dildi
sif lanh dao ciia Phiden
Catxtcfro. Ngay 01 - 01 - 1959 che dp Batixta sup do, ntfdc
Cong
hoa
Cuba
ra
dcfi do Phiden Catxtcrro
dutag
dau.
- Vao cac thap nien 60 - 70,
phong
trao dau tranh
chong
Mi va che dp

doc tai than Mi d khu
viTc
cang
phat
trien
va thu nhieu thSng lai.
- Cao trao dau tranh vu trang bung no manh me d Mi Latinh nen khu
viic n^y dxiac goi la "luc dia bimg
chay".
Phong
trao dau tranh vu trang
chong
che dp doc tai d cac niidc
Venexuela,
Goatemala,
Colombia,
Peru,
Nicaragoa, Chile, En
Xanvado
da
diin
ra
lien tuc.
2.
Tlnh
hinh
phat
trien
kinh
te - xa hpi

- Sau khi khoi
phuc
dpc lap, gianh di/pc chu quyen, cac
niTdrc
Mi Latinh
bade
vao
thcri
ki xay dung va phat
trien
kinh
te - xa hoi, dat di/ac nhieu
thanh
tiJu
dang khich le. Mot so midc trd thanh ni/dc
cong
nghiep mdi
(NICs) nhif
Braxin,
Achentina,
Mehico.
- Trong thap nien 80 cua the ki XX, nhieu ni/crc Mi Latinh
rcfi
vho
tinh
trang
suy thoai
kinh
te nang ne, lam phat tSng nhanh, khung
hoang

tram
trong,
no
ni/6c
ngoai
chong
chat, dan den nhi&ig bien
dong
ve chinh
tri.
- Biidc
sang
thap
nien
90, nen
kinh
te Mi Latinh c6
chuyen
bien tich
cifc
hcfn. Tuy nhien,
linh
hinh
kinh
te
cua
nhieu nildc Mi Latinh c6n gap
khong it kho khSn, mau thuan xa hoi Ik van de ndi bat, tham
nhung
da

trd
thanh
qude
nan
va
ngdn
can
sii phat
trien
kinh
te.
Chiwng
fU
Ml, TAY AU,
WHAT
BAN (1945 - 2000)
BAI6
Nl/dC
Ml
I]
NJdC
Ml
TCT
NAM
1945 DEN NAM 1973
1. Srf phat
trien
kinh
te
- Sau Chien tranh the gioft

thijT
n, nen
kinh
te Mi phat
trien
manh me.
- Khoang 20 nam sau chien
tranh.
Mi trd thanh trung tam
kinh
te -
tai
chlnh Idn nhat the gidi.
23
- Nguyen nhan:
+ Lanh tho Mi rong l<Sn, tai
nguyen
thien
nhien phong
phii,
nguon
nhan life doi dao,
trinh
do ki
thuat
cao,
nang
dong,
sang
tao,

+ Ml Igi dung chien tranh de lam giau, thu Igi nhuan tif buon ban vu khi.
+ Ml ap dung thanh tUU
khoa
hoc - ki
thuat
de nang cao
nling
suat
lao dong.
+ Cac to hop cong nghiep -
quan
sU, cac
cmig
ti, tap doan hi ban lung
doan Ml c6
sufc
san xuat,
canh
tranh Idn va c6 hieu qua trong va ngoai nifdc.
+ Cac chinh
sach
va bien phap dieu
tiet
aia Nha ni/dc dong vai tro
quan trong thiic day
kinh
te Mi
phat
trien.
2. Ve

khoa
hoc - ki
thuat
- nLfdrc
khdi
dau
cuoc
each
mang
khoa
hoc
—
ki thuat hien dai va da
dat difcfc nhieu thanh
tifti
to Idn.
- mot trong nhCfng
niJdc
di dau
trong
cac linh
vvfe
che tao cong cu
san xuat
mdri
(may
tinh
dien til, may tu
dong),
vat Heu m<Ji (polime, vat

lieu
tdng hop); nang
liiong
mdi
(nang
liiong
nguyen
tuT, nhiet
hach);
chinh
phuc vu try (difa ngi/cri len Mat trang nam
1969),
va di dau
cuoc
"each
mang xanh" trong nong nghiep v.v
3. Ve chinh tri - xa hpi
- Tir 1945 den dau nhOng nam 70, niHSc Mi da
trai
qua nam
dcJi
tong
thong (tii H.Truman
deiti
R.Nichx<m), moi
tong
thong deu dua ra mot
chi/ong
trinh
cai

each
nhflng van de xa hoi.
- Mi thifc hien chinh
sach
doi noi nhkm
ngan
chan,
dan ap phong trao
dau tranh cua cong nhan va cac lOfc lUtfng
tien
bo.
- Xa hoi Mi khong on dinh, nhieu mau thuan xa hoi nay sinh.
Cuoc
dau tranh cua nhan dan Mi dien ra difdi nhieu hinh thuTc.
- Ve doi ngoai. Mi trien khai chien lijoc
toan
cau vdi tham vong lam ba
chu the gicd. Mac dii cac chien liioc cu the
mang
nhuDng ten gpi
khac
nhau,
nhifng
chien liTOc toan cau cua Mi nhkm
thuc
hien ba mue tieu chu yeu:
+ Ngan
chan
va tien tdi xoa bo chu nghia xa hoi tren the
gidi.

+ Dan ap phong trao giai phong dan toe, phong trao cong nhan va
cong san
quo'c
te.
+ Khong che, chi phoi cac
midc
Ui ban
dong
minh phu thuoc vao Mi.
De thi/c hien cac mue tieu chien li/cfc
tren
day, chinh
sach
eo ban cua
Ml
la diia vao
sOfc
manh, trade het la
site
manh
quan
s\i va
kinh
te de
khong che cac
niidc.
24