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F;  p5 "jFq#/c("T"f#60$I "/# "&'#/e"("2
/"3#M$I "/#Fi!9#6" C
DCKCkc-/9$I "$"3# "> ƒ/#/ ("45$I ",  /L "F*
$I "M5, …"8"f-/#"G-/ ("456-3/7!7C#" :-FG/,
,+MeT+ …#=5h"G-.FG<E<-TF;/c("T"f#/ ("45/7
!75%#/L"$I "C
!=OK%:P4Q)MN

"&'#("()*+" 6/"pFd /&#/";<*F‚/h/","59{-%
/r5",#Fz- j%  ",#" :-#("(/#/"i#%#zFr+C*+
" $I "/"pFd /&#/";<*Me/"c ‰#F‚L/"G-F&= ƒ/b/#5q/
H
!9 3#/e"#" :-G<L<-T)*+" C#!9FƒM -9
 !"#$Šz"%"*5 "jM
)1 M,qDQgD‹F&= p5<, 3#/e"#" :-!b5"./G)*+"
6/"pFd /&#/";<*h8/%5C / #0F‚&b Fz- ">%5q/!9
Fd F;5 '0$")*+" / ("456" /"p/";<*M/#Fƒ ƒ$I "
06" C#%&!'()*Š)1 DQQR‹M
,## cF‚F!r-,/";<*<,LM$I "M&i# %C?Œ/";
<*FG-F&= / #0<,5•Fd F;5/"("( j%ƒ,("r/L "L)15"

"% 1/";C@/";<*$I "M/ #0F‚/e",+5q/!9~/Fd /&# '0
j%/";<*{-%/ ("45 *+,! j%Ž3ˆ("3 ˆ<'Cr+ ƒ/";p5<,
"f##=5h "#" :-M#0#)*+$I "C‰#/"p"&b#FƒM"&#
ƒ("z!/"=("'b8 )*+" $I "/#/&i#("2/"3#M -9
* j%#-+•"%"u#MŠ*" !&("*5M,qM
HaDD‹F‚FG T(Fc"f#Fd F;5 '0 j%$I "/#!7!!"b/7
!7,/f/e"C '!hFƒM/ #0F‚F&%%5q/!953"e"F ";-$I "
,$t6#F $I "h5: FI""&b#$"{-/"./C•/": F&= /z5{-%
/# j%8  -# .( "" !"("&'#("(/c("T/ ("456
" /"pFd /&#/";<*M/0/1+MŠ)1 M,
qMHaag‹ ƒ,2$/034MŠ
)1 M,qMHaag‹ ƒ,56789-$*&@"f#
5: Fq$" "%-M 0"%," FG-"&b#/b8 #S(" !"o5F&=
Fd /&#/";<*$I "M/„FƒFI""&b#  "F /";<*$I "C
2.2. Vấn đề dạy học các văn bản kịch trong chương trình
Ngữ văn THPT
Ž /"8,#%F* -9 j%6" "1 "&#MBCc "ˆ(%
F&= L"&5q/3#"%h5-q"&#Fz+"&'#!o C ("45 j%3#
Š '0<,$I "‹F‚/h/","G5/7", "&b •"MF&%3#<I/L
K
",#Fz- j%6" "1 "&# "r-‘-C"p  "ƒ j%<$M
sc "(%<,<""w/"iF*M<,/"/,<b".//#"f##&i!#
/*M<, #&itF*M #&i$"3#% ƒ/";!"2vC#!9"f#
!#/  j%c "(%M:;<#(<;'=*<<><,5q// ("45 /!o M/"-"S/
!7{-%/r5 j%#b#" :-M("e"6" C@8/%5M/ ("45/„
<r-F‚F&=  "" /# "&'#/e"536{-%F*/L "%?(*'
@&C;/„$" ƒ5d//# "&'#/e"MF*/L "F‚F&= "G-
",#" :-,Fcb"f#FI""&b#G/c("T,#0#)*+h
/&i#("2/"3#C # -9 A1B<? !"#C$
Š#-+•"o " "jM)1 MHaaD‹M  / #0F‚FI""&b#

("r/L "Me"#0#F*/L " "j+c-<,/("&'#)8q)-#, 05
":# "jF*Cd /&##"8/"-T/ j%/";<*$I " "&%F&=   !*#0
"SEC#D=M/T("%Š ">"<L"=("./65Haaa‹("z6
" &b #,,L<-T6" Š#-+•0,,&'#-+-# "j
M)1 MMHaaa‹MF‚FI""&b#("r/L "F*/L ")7%/
G 0"$"3##%$I "’“F”(/e"+- j%\3ˆ5ˆ3,-ˆ<ˆ~//#
#3#f$I "FT5 ".//f/e"M ".//"'M "./"* M"%C, -9 u#<,<&-
E/L"$I "4"8/#F*/L "{-%5q/!9"e"0"M "/c/$I "C-9
%EE'/0Š "#M"*5?"8- "jM
|MMHaag‹F‚5!/ r-"•" , j%F;FI""&b#
$"%/" F*/L "C"pFƒ  / #0F‚ "SE/T(/-#<,5•"e"/":
<iFq /"*MF9/"*/#F*/L "’)•c/r5/*# j%  "rT/
\3ˆ5ˆ3M-ˆ<ˆ~/{-%  <iF9/"*C„Fƒ$"–#FI"!: 5*"/e"+-
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#-T "jMMMHaDa‹M  / #0FI""&b#/e5";-
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j%/e"+- j%F3*/“C"z<-+8/T(M  !*#0FI""&b#<"8
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"-#M  E/&h#<<b(M  FI""&b#$"%/" F*/L "F&= /e"
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-9FG'/0$Š)1 MMHaag‹C
 #0F‚F,$"%/" F*/L "/9E<b—DCƒ5/o// ("45CHC

"jFGM /:/ ("45CKCiFq /"*COCiF9/"*C#("zKMO
/ #0 "S/#F!r-$"%/" #/I#"8/"-T/!!"MF9<T(/#$I "’
#3#f$I "’-#Fq/$I ",5q/!9"e"0" ƒ/L";-/&=# %/#
F*/L "MF;<,52T/ "jFG "-# j%F*/L "—:  "r)-#/e"
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#(<;'=*<<>F&= )u#<,5/,<8-/"%5$"0C
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("45 j%3#F‚F&= F&%," /# "&'#/e"("2/"3#M/#Fƒ ƒ
/L "F*.I3J*@'MS//„h$I "K/%;C#%+/„$"
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# FI"5r-/"-‡ '0/#"w’("r/L "/L"  "M)•
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"L'*LMMŠG!%-F&= /-+;,/T(%EE'/0
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$"%/" "%!7$8 "L" j%F*/L "—J-u#,IF9/,"f#
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$I "06"  ƒ%<*"e"<,$I "M",$I "M "L"$I "C7%,"e"
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/e"#" :-#0#)*+G$I "Me/"c ‰#./L/C
@ "&'#/e"#f6/"p "&'#/e"/L ""=(/„65
HaaRM!9<&=#/L "F*$I ""  "L"/": F&= #f#-+ŠK/L "F*‹
"&#("zF /"5G$I "/"eI o/•C;55b j%8 F&%$I ",
#0#)*+/#<z/"%+! "<z,+<,h!7<7% "  / ("45$I " j%
 / #08/%5C"r9 "&'#/e")*+" $I " ‰# ƒ!7/"%+F2C
b(Da$"3#" $I "M<b(DD" "%F*/L "M<b(DH" 5q/F*/L "C
!"/><8$I "b  /";<*$" —b(Da "&'#/e" "-4—a™Ka’
"&'#/e"r# %—a™KgŠ/„5q//L "F*F /"5G "¡ -#
DN
/+#‹Cb(DD "&'#/e" "-4—H™OH’ "&'#/e"r# %—H™PHŠ/„
5q//L "F*F /"5Gh/-w#D4N&*‹Cb(DH "&'#/e" "-4—
D™KaM "&'#/e"r# %D™KOC"0!/ "&'#/e"6" /&b
Fr+Šq! ""=("./65Haaa‹, "&'#/e"#f6"8","
Šq! "#f6/L ""=(65HaaR‹/%/".+M$I "06" <,5q/
/#%/";<* "L" j%6" "&#!9<&=#/ ("45F&%,)*+"
F%#{-L/C-+"M%/L "F*$I "F&=  ")*+M" /"7 !7<,
"f#/ ("45 ƒ#/IM5%#"G-E#"t%F;"e" "/";<*$I "C
'()*+ , -.()/01/
#=!=!=#=/-2(345r^TK%678287(3898:sKtu=(K%vY5u
:;<#(<;'=*<<><,h$I "Fz-/%+h<*"e"$I "/#!#
/  j% "ˆ(%Šh$I "F&= c/,$"0#"f#65DPQOˆDPQPM/"i
#%3#o/Fz- "-+;/„!#/ ",$I "!%#<*"e"$I "‹C#%+<S
„%5b%Fih$I "F‚#r+S Fq# "&%/„#/".+,/„FƒFc%+ƒ
F&= "r<*/"„%"T"&<,5q//#"f#$8// ",#Fz- j%6

" /"c#bCƒ<,5q//#"f#h$I "F&= <7% "F&%,#0#)*+
!b5"./h8/%5Ch$I "<.+ 05":#/„ r- "-+8 ƒ/"T/0+%h
/","ˆ3ˆ% j%/%<%/"i/-# 2Cr- "-+8F‚F&= 5q/!9",6M
",/"'#" "~(M2!-#,("2cC?q/FG/,, 9//-+8$"3#5b
"&#Fƒ##ƒ( j% "ˆ(%<,h "Œ/„5q/ r- "-+8/"&'#/r5 ƒ/"T/
5, "o  "o$"3#("0<,)-+"./h#,FiM3#F‚F&%ƒ/h/","
5q/$8// #"8/"-T/F>" % j%"r<*MFƒ<,FG-5,• /'- ,
 ",6 "r-‘-/&b Fƒ "&%/„#<,5F&= C
Gq)-#/&/&h# j%h$I "M3#F‚/T(/-#+!r-,-#
Fq/ 6#/"–##f%5q/<,/e"+- "r "L" %F”(M"r6,5q/
<,!7/"u"TM/","$c*/, j% "cFq("#$cC¢#F‚),""c/
/e" 05M!7/r/#,Fw#/e" j%5e" "\3ˆ5ˆ3,-ˆ<ˆp/C„
DQ
5q/ r- "-+8F%-<…#/"&'#/r5ƒF‚/h/","5q/0/e" %!%+Fo5
F;#= %!7)‰# 05M./$" / j%/e"+-C3-+&'#F‚!£!,#
o5 "d//%+"%-F9Fz-b"f#/h#*M/" "/": M)5&=/<"T
/"u,<•#$"o #"8/M0/"j j%("#$cF;#,"{-+G/7)+-
F&'#,"&h#"*"("S F3<:%C-+"“F”( j%/e"+- ,#<b
%"-/"e$I " j%59/e"Fƒ ,#<b.+"-C ƒ!: 5*"
j%G5/,E "L"&#5p!%+/e"+- j%" "&%FjF;&=/{-%
/z#/z#M<b(<b(", 0"#"I "/"uF%#r+j% j%"%)…#"C
{-F'Fq M{-<“</&b ", 0"CT/"u,<•#("#$cF‚#c/
"c/"C "c/%-2# j%F3*/“F‚$"'/S#,5q/ŒF%-/G
5M)%)–#F‚,F%##r+%"G-ŒF%-": "9 "‚"q<,
#&iCT/"uM"f#/","$cFI%IM/G/,M!7("r8/F–# .(M
"j#/q M!o /q M/3#CCC.F%###/h "% o/M#c/ "c/%/e"
+-F”(C$I "G\3ˆ5ˆ3-ˆ<ˆ~/Fr-("0F‚F&= "T/": !r-!o
"&5q/," &'#5-M%$I "5b"&\3ˆ5ˆ3,-ˆ<ˆ~/‡
0+%,eT+#/I/&/&h#M!: 5*"/9  j%h$I "/"T//<b,
<r-),5%#/z5"r<*Ch$I "/-+$c//"S F%-Fb"&#ƒ$"3#

#r+%/r5<L{-%/-+8/#C,"†#<,ƒ/%/c -9 "F3*/“
"&#  "c/$%F‚F"/": F&= <&'#/ #&iCƒF‚•F&=
"T/"u/-+G$c( j%"%)…#"Cs   "%5”5b{-/"uvM 
"c/ j%"ˆƒFS#"'<,/e"+-/"-  "-#MF”(Fœ j%"F‚ "c
/"o#"T/"uM$"!9#"F‚h"%-F;&=/</./ 0M$" "c/" u#
"c/"%-F;/#f/e"+-C“F”(FƒF‚#r+S Fq#/"7 !7 "
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