!"#$%&'()
*&%+, )/
!"#$% &'()*+,-.&
-/01,23-4546)7)89:-/01,5423-4;)89:93<
)8=9.
,>?@-)AB
;>C6'6 5+,-;D@-8;D'"E3#$54.
F,2G,&H -.?@-)AB
*&%+, )/
C<& (I90)5J
K9 L 5JI &M
-83
M)5J9&N,
K=954OM
K
P.QM 9IR;S
M)8
K=
P.&M#'690)5J'61, (-854)T)5J)8
K
U:V9.>W
K=X9:
KU:V9.>W
K9:
YMI,Z1,54
!"#$%&'##($)* )8K
.
[
U:9.@+,2\',3 ]M-4"'5.
,>^ DM ;, T
1, (.
;>F, I<6& (90)5J
_IM
-83M
)5J9&'6`9)/)*R;SM\54'3M)5J9&
-a;S\54'549<& (
.^ D90)5J (
.
*&0%0+, )/
P3* M5`-bV?`>.?M M&c,, d
-8)8e)"9" ].&
Kf
K
K
Kf
Kf.
gM'O1,E9&-8#R09" 9d.
,>9I,O.Ch M'O5Z 5Z1,*-820
i1,E9&.
;>C, M'O
-8
)T)5J;S M'O
!
-8
99I,
I,OE9& i.Ch'D1, M'O
!
-8
.
*&1%+, )/
g7-/2-"I-4'Hh1,A9hHVS'6'H
h>-8A9h93<j.C'68V 7-"I'Hh2,A9h>
,/ 5J<
′ ′
.kcA9h0 D#Dd-/ 3*#lE3
'Hh-8 d 5J<
′ ′
,3A
)T<
′ ′
'68,<#Dd
8 23-4-D'h_.C`6\1,A9h.
*&%+, )/
)8#R#a#8-"*V?`>.P*#R)8 3*#R#a
PW.k<2G'S 3*#R#aPWIdd \#3'37m`
-b.9"I#$ MPW-"I-4.Q&3#$ M+,
#R#a-81, 5Ji;S_6'6`-b` 3*#R#a
PW2bd 5&83B
2
C',:[
n
P W
n
?l -8 6 h 2o ppppppppppppppppppppF0 ;3 #,o
pppppppp
k D N Ao ppp.ppppppppp. k D N ,o pp p pp.
ppppppp
3456
7
!"#$%&'()
+,% "/&01*
8/9:;<=>&;
C& Z-D'% d38;8.
?l2<E393 d0 ,5ZN-4T;8< I.
gd1,38;8 5Jc69")8'$20.
?/@A@BCD;,
*&%+, )/
E<&;
D)kl-/09 % &)8-
-/09 %-)8-
C,Io -
K-
-
KK=V9:>
-
K-
-
KKV9:>
+
C, % &)8o
K
F
-
K
=
V>
=
=
+
C, %-)8o
K
2 =
V>
-
= =
+
C,< )a-)8o
KKV>
F C-)X.
+
G)g]oK.
C,2G,\'" 5J+L 5)8o.KV9>
+
C',:[
C, d %-)8o
qK
2 =
[V>
-
+ +
= =
+
e/,d 1,< )a-)8o
K
qK[KV>
F C-)
+
C',:[
*&%+, )
E<&;
D)$H,E
QM)5J1,
9 (3<', d*M %
!0=
P)8o
r
K
.
V
s=>
+
QM)5J1,
954-83 dtM %
P &=
P)8o
r
K[
.
+
u5Z'`R;SMo
r
Kr
⇔
K
2 2
0
34
KX[V
P>.
+
G)$.
0
<6
9 (OM
-83Q2,9IR;SM8\
54-a9", ].g8N@o
QM R;SM)8
P.
PI)5J54;DI,Z.Cdh54I,Z;Sdh& (
&vo
5
2
6 7
8
′
.
+
0)5J54I,ZO
P)8o
2
2 2 2 5
8
76 98 7
8
′ ′
. +
QM)5J-831,
9 (
954 dtM %=
P &
P
-81,q
9543Z3838O
P)8o
2
5 2 2 5
8
: 72 3 *3;
8
.
QM)5J3<',1,
9 ( d*M %
KX[
P!0
P)8o
r =[ =
.
+
u5Z'`R;SM4o
r r=
⇔
2
2 2 5
8
2 3 *3;
8
K
=[
+
⇔
2 2
5
2
2 3 *
7
8
402 <;
8
;
XV9>.
+
C',:[
*&0%0+, )
E<&;
D)FF.I/
HJI9K;,9K;>LD.M>8?
C,I*2,owV
>::V
>x
+
gM'O
o
K
KKV
Ω
>
gM'O
o
K
KKV
Ω
>
gM'O
o
K
.
V >
×
= = Ω
+ ×
+
gM'O5Z 5Z<*o
K
KKV
Ω
>
+
9N;,E<O;,HP&D,QM.M>8?
nK
y
V>
= =
e`
6n
Kn
KnKV>
+
?M M& 3**z2323o
y
Kn
×
K
×
KVe>
e`
::
6y
Ky
Ky
KVe>
+
P5 #$ M+,
on
K
y
V>
= =
F0i1,,E9&on
Kn
KV>
+
G)$R
S
BCR
'
+) Khi K mở:C,IA'*2,o
{V
>::V
!
>
P5 #$ M+,<*o
!
!
y
n
V >.V >
=
+ +
+
+ + +
!
!
! !
!
V >
n
.V >
V > .V >
+ +
= =
+
+ + + +
+
+ +
V>
+
C',:[
e`
::
!
6o
!
n
n
+
=
+ + +
,
!
n
=
+ +
K|
!
n
+ +
=
V>
+
C%V>-8V>2',o
!
+ +
=
!
! !
V >
V > .V >
+ +
+ + + +
K|
!
KV
Ω
>
+
+) Khi K đóng:C,IA'*2,o
{V
::
!
>V
::
>}
P5 #$ M'3*ho
~
!
!
n
.
.
=
+ +
+ +
~
!
!
n
=
+ +
+ +
~
! !
! ! ! ! ! !
V >V >
n
V >V > V > V >V >
+ −
=
+ − + − + − +
V>
+
e`
::
!
6o
~
!
n
n
=
+
~
!
n
=> =
+
,
~
!
n
+
=
V>
C%V>-8V>2',o
!
+
=
! !
! ! ! ! ! !
V >V >
V >V > V > V >V >
+ −
+ − + − + − +
+
K|[
!
s=
!
[[[K
k<5Z'`;/,, 5J,M
!
K
!
KX
CE3 9M,)3*
!
/
!
KXV
Ω
>.F',
KV
Ω
>.
+
C',[:[
*&1%+, )
E<&;
?•Q?e€o
•/
~ ~ ~ ~
>
K|e/#Dd)*TA9h.
+
TJ9:>U<V>>&'-B"
PI∆j
∼∆jq
q
⇒
~ ~
~ ~= + >=
7 7
= + >=
%)
PI
~ ~
‚
?@ >A ?@ = +
⇒
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~
= + @ >= <>@
7 7
>A >@ >@
%)
W3
= + 7>A7
+
C%V>-8V>o
⇒
~ ~ ~
~ ~
~ ~
>= >= <>@ >@ B
7 7 7 7
>= >@ >= <>@ -<B
⇒
~
.V >-<B
B
=
%T)
+
T9K;W+XD&U<V>>&'-,YBVJ$.:o
PI
~ ~
>= + >= +∆ ∆:
⇒
~ ~ ~
ƒ
= + >=
7 7
= >=
%0)
PI
~ ~ ~ ~
?@ >A @ = +∆:
⇒
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~
= + @ = >= @ >
7 7
>A @ > >@
−
%1)
+
C%V>-8V>,Io
~
ƒ
>= B
7 7
>= - <B
⇒
ƒ
.V >- <B
B
=
%TT) +
%%T)BC%TT)
~
.V >-<B
B
K
ƒ
.V >- <B
B
⇒
ƒ
~
=
-<B -<B
- <B -<2<B
= =
⇒
Z[<
+
CE3;83o#
~
#
~
K
C%V>-8V>K|#q
C%V>-8V>K|
~
#
+
„
~
~~
q
q
q
j
n
„
j
~
~
„
~
„
n
P
W
n
n
„
P
„
W
Pq
Wq
⇒
.…-
- <B
-9B
-<B
K
⇔
.V# >
# >
-<2*
- <2<
−
−
-9-<*
-<-3
K
⇔
.V# >
-<2* −
-9-<*
K
[\
#KV>
⇒
…KV>.
e/6\1,A9h)8.
+
*&%+, )
E<&;
+
#$ Mn
+,#R,I%'51,#$ Mm#8-"*.
C'3*-9", 7n
%'5854%h,'54',h,2,7
m`-bV 5J9†M;S >.W$ Mn
5J 7'3%'51,#$
n
-`-/I)\%#H)6I.‡#H+z;8,',A)\%8
54)6h,'6.
+
ˆ79%'51,n
R',!+,)89" o*c dT
n
%'5)4!,n
%'5@.W3 I)\%#H)6TG 3*#R
PWI5 9,V`-b>.\#H)6,h,P-8WI5
9"5,69&+<)83PW;D+, 5`-b.
+
PW+, &-D'hPqWqVn
::5J-4n
>`) I,I5Z
1,,#$ M23235J,2b ‰,.F, I#$n
2b
d D&E354-"I-4n
-8',!,n
.
+
?ŠC