nghiên cứu tổng hợp và khảo sát đặc tính của hạt nano vàng

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CẦN THƠ
KHOA KHOA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN
BỘ MÔN HÓA










LÝ CẨM NHUNG







NGHIÊN CỨU TỔNG HỢP VÀ KHẢO SÁT
ĐẶC TÍNH CỦA HẠT NANO VÀNG






LUẬN VĂN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐẠI HỌC

NGÀNH CỬ NHÂN HÓA HỌC











2013

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CẦN THƠ
KHOA KHOA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN
BỘ MÔN HÓA








LÝ CẨM NHUNG

NGHIÊN CỨU TỔNG HỢP VÀ KHẢO SÁT
ĐẶC TÍNH CỦA HẠT NANO VÀNG




LUẬN VĂN TỐT NGHIỆP ĐẠI HỌC
NGÀNH CỬ NHÂN HÓA HỌC





CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN
TS. ĐOÀN VĂN HỒNG THIỆN







2013
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC CẦN THƠ
KHOA KHOA HỌC TỰ NHIÊN


-2014

Đề tài:
NGHIÊN CỨU TỔNG HỢP VÀ KHẢO SÁT ĐẶC TÍNH
CỦA HẠT NANO VÀNG




LỜI CAM ĐOAN














 



 

Trường Đại học Cần Thơ Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam
Khoa Khoa học Tự nhiên Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc

Bộ Môn Hóa học


NHẬN XÉT ĐÁNH GIÁ CỦA CÁN BỘ HƯỚNG DẪN
1. TS. Đoàn Văn Hồng Thiện
2. nano vàng
3.  MSSV: 2102279
 Khóa 36
4. 
a. 


b. 
 



 


c. 




d. 


 2013


Đoàn Văn Hồng Thiện


Trường Đại học Cần Thơ Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam
Khoa Khoa học Tự nhiên Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc
Bộ Môn Hóa học

NHẬN XÉT ĐÁNH GIÁ CỦA CÁN BỘ CHẤM PHẢN BIỆN
1. 
2.   nano vàng
3.  MSSV: 2102279
 Khóa 36
4. 
a. 


b. 
 i:



 


c. 



d. 







Trường Đại học Cần Thơ Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam
Khoa Khoa học Tự nhiên Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc
Bộ Môn Hóa học

NHẬN XÉT ĐÁNH GIÁ CỦA CÁN BỘ CHẤM PHẢN BIỆN
1. 
2. 
3. Lý  MSSV: 2102279
 Khóa 36
4. 
a. a LVTN:


b. 
 



 

c. 




d. 






i
LỜI CẢM ƠN


cô thh Khoa Khoa hnhiên  

p
 nh Khoa Công n

              


 


cô Tôn



  
h


Xin châ















ii
TÓM TẮT

 . 
 

 

ion Au
3+

trong dung .      
 540 nm. 
nano vàng   
    
 trung bình là 13,605,48 nm. , khi phân tích FT  IR cho

 OH, C  O, 




















iii
ABSTRACT
Metallic nanoparticles are synthesized by traditional methods where the

chemicals used are often many toxic, flammable and expensive. In the last
years, methods biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles have attracted much
attention due to the use of non toxic chemicals, environmentally friendly and
ecosystem. The use of fruit in syntheis of nanoparticles emerges as an
ecofriendly and exciting approach. In this study, the green synthesis of gold
nanoparticles was investigated by using the extract of lemon as a reducing
agent for reduction of Au
3+
in aqueous solution. The characteristics of gold
nanoparticles were determined by an UV  Visible spectrophotometer. The
UV  Visible spectra indicated a strong plasmon resonance that is located at
 540 nm. The morphology and size of gold nanoparticles were determined by
using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The average diameter of
gold nanoparticles were analysed by an ImageJ software. The average size of
the nanoparticles was about 13,605,48 nm. Further, FT  IR spectroscopy
revealed that AuNPs were functionalized with PVP that has carbonyl group,
hydroxyl group and other function groups.
Keywords: gold nanoparticles, lemon extract, biosynthesis.

iv
LỜI CAM ĐOAN

  
              



Lý 

v
MỤC LỤC
 i
 ii
ABSTRACT iii
 iv
 v
 vii
 viii
 ix
 1
Chương 1 1
TỔNG QUAN 2
1.1  2
1.1.1 Tình hình nghiê 2
1.1.2  2
1.2  3
1.3  6
1.3.1  6
1.3.2  6
1.4  6
1.4.1  6

1.4.2  7
1.4.3  7
1.4.4  7
1.5  8
1.5.1  down approaches) 8
1.5.2  up approaches) 9
1.6  9
Chương 2 11
SƠ LƯỢC VỀ VÀNG VÀ HẠT NANO VÀNG 11
2.1  11
2.2 Tính  12
2.3  12
2.4  12
2.4.1  12
2.4.2  13
2.5  16
2.6  19
2.6.1  19
2.6.2  20
Chương 3 21
PHƯƠNG TIỆN VÀ PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU 21
3.1  21
3.1.1  21
3.1.2  21


vi
3.1.3  21
3.2  
 22

3.2.1  22
3.2.2  23
3.2.3  24
3.2.4            
 25
3.3  26
3.3.1  26
3.3.2  26
3.3.3  27
Chương 4 29
KẾT QUẢ THỰC NGHIỆM VÀ BÀN LUẬN 29
4.1  29
4.2      
hình thành nano vàng 29
4.2.1  29
4.2.2  29
4.3 
thành nano vàng 31
4.3.1  31
4.3.2  32
4.4        
4
.3H
2
O lên quá trình hình
thành nano vàng 33
4.4.1  33
4.4.2  34
4.5 
vàng 35

4.5.1  35
4.5.2  36
4.6  37
4.7  38
4.7.1  38
4.7.2  38
Chương 5 41
KẾT LUẬN VÀ KIẾN NGHỊ 41
5.1  41
5.2  41
TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO 42








vii
DANH MỤC BẢNG
 4
 5
 20

quá trình hình thành nano vàng 29
 30

trình hình thành nano vàng 31


 32

4
.3H
2
O lên quá trình hình
thành nano vàng. 33

 34

vàng 35

 36
  38

viii
DANH MỤC HÌNH
 5
 8
 10
 11
 13
 13
 17
 18
 19
Hình 2.7 Cây chanh 19
- Vis 6800 22
 Vis 23
 24
Hình 3.4 Máy  25
 25
 26
 27
 29
 30

 30
 . 32
 
32


quá trình hình thành nano vàng 34
 
34

36
 
 36
 38
 38
 39
 40









ix
DANH MỤC TỪ VIẾT TẮT

Ký hiu
T vit tt
AuNPs
PVP
PSA
TX  100

ATO
PEG
CT
EFGR
PVA
UV - Vis
TEM
TCN
FT  IR
Au nanoparticles
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone
Poly Sodium Acrylate
Triton X  100
Sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Poly Ethylene Glycol
Computed Tomography
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor
Poly Vinyl Alcohol
Ultraviolet - Visible
Transmission Electron Microscopy
c Công Nguyên
Fouier Tranformation Infrared Spectrophotometer

1
LỜI MỞ ĐẦU

. 
 
 

 V
              
plasmon , ,
 .
C

             : sodium
borohydride, hydrazinium hydroxide, cetyltrimethyl ammonium, ammonium

bromide. 


 xung quanh. 



cây là  cung   trong
      77 mg (trong 100 gam)
[1]
, acid citric 
47 mg/l, acid malic  là các tác nhân 
 
  t

,  x
AuNPs 
 pyrrolidone (PVP).


hình thành nano vàng.  
 
       

Luận văn tốt nghiệp đại học
SVTH: Lý Cẩm Nhung 2102279
2
Chương 1
TỔNG QUAN
1.1 Sơ lược về công nghệ nano

1.1.1 Tình hình nghiên cứu trên thế giới




nhau   và        
nano   
Singapore, Tru



pháp phân tíc
 N
nó 

[2]

 làm

[3]


phân tích

[4]
 và 
 
[5]



[6]
.
            



ch

[7]
1.1.2 Tình hình nghiên cứu trong nước


 

Luận văn tốt nghiệp đại học
SVTH: Lý Cẩm Nhung 2102279
3

.
            


Nghiên          

 




         

 

 




x

 
[8]
.
   
           


  
ng
.
[9]
1.2 Cơ sở khoa học của công nghệ nano

Trora ba 
.
[10]

 

        



Luận văn tốt nghiệp đại học
SVTH: Lý Cẩm Nhung 2102279
4
  
nano.  100 nm.


 


               

.

.000
 40%, n
11



[11]
Bng 1.1 S nguyên t ng b mt ca ht nano hình cu
ng kính
ht nano (nm)
S nguyên
t
T s nguyên
t trên b
mt (%)

ng
b mt
(erg/mol)
ng b
mng
tng (%)
10
30000
20
4,8  10
11

7,6
5
4000
40
8,6  10
11

14,3
2
250
80
2,04  10
11

14,3
1
30
90

9,23  10
12

82,2
(

‎ 

 p
  

 
 hình thành
pha



      
,
 
Luận văn tốt nghiệp đại học
SVTH: Lý Cẩm Nhung 2102279
5

.
[12]

Hình 1.1 ng plasmon b mt ng vc sóng hp th
[13]




tính





  m
u.
Bng 1.2  t s tính cht ca vt liu



(nm)



m
10  100
1  100
1  10




10  100
1  100
5  100

Quang




1  100
10  100
10  100
10  500






1  1000
1 10
1 100
0,1 10
1 10
Xúc tác

1 10

Luận văn tốt nghiệp đại học
SVTH: Lý Cẩm Nhung 2102279
6




1.3 Khái quát về hạt nano kim loại
1.3.1 Hạt nano kim loại


,  
1.3.2 Phân loại hạt nano
 


 
 


 



 


lipid   

 
 .
[14]

1.4 Tính chất của hạt nano kim loại

1.4.1 Tính chất quang học



           
 
Luận văn tốt nghiệp đại học
SVTH: Lý Cẩm Nhung 2102279
7


 


 
              



[11]

Ngoài ra 


1.4.2 Tính chất điện




              


1.4.3 Tính chất từ




, niken thì khi kích
 
 


1.4.4 Tính chất nhiệt
(T
m
) 

 trên

Luận văn tốt nghiệp đại học
SVTH: Lý Cẩm Nhung 2102279
8


: có T
m
= 500C, 
là 6 nm  T
m
= 950°C.
[11]
1.5 Nguyên lý chung chế tạo nano kim loại
      là  
 (Hình 1.2).

[15-16]

























Hình 1.2  p ch to nano kim loi
1.5.1 Phương pháp tiếp cận từ trên xuống (top – down approaches)
 



          




Quá trình sol  gel


















V
Luận văn tốt nghiệp đại học
SVTH: Lý Cẩm Nhung 2102279
9



  kích
          

 


             

[16  17]



 và .
1.5.2 Phương pháp tiếp cận từ dưới lên (bottom – up approaches)
     :        


theo cách 
Ph: 
 hóa  lý.
[7, 17]

 b   
 


             



Ph             
 . 
.
1.6 Cơ chế ổn định keo vàng của polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)
:
            

   T
 PVP, PVA, PEG 
Luận văn tốt nghiệp đại học
SVTH: Lý Cẩm Nhung 2102279
10
, 
 
, có  
 nano.
[18]

:
  



 
 .
        
methyl cellulose, xenlulozo axetat, các copolyme vinylclorua  vinyl axetat
và polyarylonitril.
       Nvinylpyrrolidone.  

     
6
H
9
NO)
n
.    1,2 g/cm
3
.  
 180C.
N
O
CH
H
2
C
n

Hình 1.3 Công thc cu to ca PVP