Cách sử dụng và bài tập về giới từ trong tiếng anh có đáp án

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Khi nói về giới từ ta thừong nghỉ ngay đến : in, at, on ..v..v chứ có bao giờ bạn nghỉ
rằng các chữ: saving, notwithstanding, thậm chí là in order to lại là giới từ !
Đảo qua một vòng trên diễn đàn mình cũng chưa thấy một thread nào chuyên về giới
từ .
Xuất phát từ thực tế đó, mình mở thread này để chúng ta cùng nhau học tập một cách
tưong đối bài bản từ cách dùng, so sánh giới từ với trạng từ, những sai lầm thừong gặp
khi dùng giới từ v.v…Tất nhiên dù cố gắng đến đâu, những bài viết này cũng không
thể giải quyết hết mọi vấn đề về giới từ mà chỉ mong giúp đở phần nào trong việc nâng
cao trình độ của các bạn trong việc sử dụng giới từ mà thôi.
Những sai lầm thừơng gặp khi dùng giới từ là:
1. Suy luận từ cách dùng đã gặp trước đó:
Ví dụ :
Trước đó ta gặp : worry about : lo lắng về
Lần sau gặp chữ : disscuss _____ ( thảo luận về ) thế là ta suy ra từ câu trên mà
điền about vào, thế là sai.
2. Không nhận ra là giới từ thay đổi vì thấy cùng một danh từ:
Ví dụ:
Trước đó ta gặp : in the morning
Thế là khi gặp : ___ a cold winter morning, thấy morning nên chọn
ngay in => sai ( đúng ra phải dùng on )
3. Bị tiếng Việt ảnh hưởng:
Tiếng Việt nói: lịch sự với ai nên khi gặp : polite (lịch sự ) liền dùng ngay with ( với )
=> sai ( đúng ra phải dùng to )
Và còn rất nhiều vấn đề khác nữa làm cho chúng ta bối rối không biết đâu mà lần.
Nếu bạn cũng thấy”bối rối” như mình thì tại sao chúng ta không cùng nhau tìm hiểu
kỹ càng về chúng nhỉ ?
GIỚ TỪ LÀ GÌ ?
Người ta thừong nói “ biết ngừoi biết ta, trăm trận trăm thắng” vậy truớc khi học về
giới từ ta phải biết “nó” là gì, công thức, cấu tạo …. thế nào thì mới “thắng” nó đựoc

chứ phải không các bạn ?
ĐỊNH NGHĨA :
Giới từ là (những) chữ đứng trước một danh từ ( hoặc tương đương danh từ ) để tạo
ra sự liên hệ giữa chúng.
Ví dụ :
I lie on the bed
Nếu không có giớ từ on thì câu sẽ không rõ nghĩa, ngừoi đọc sẽ không biết tôi nằm trên
giường, bên cạnh hay…. bên dưới cái giường !


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Ở trên ta có nhắc đến “từ tương đương danh từ “ đi sau giới từ, vậy chúng là những
chữ nào ?
TÂN NGỮ CHO GIỚI TỪ :
Những chữ đi sau giới từ ta gọi chúng là tân ngữ (túc từ ) cho giớ từ đó, chúng có thể là
những loại sau:
1)Danh từ : ( noun )
The book is on the table
2)Đại từ ( pronoun )
I worry about her
3)Trạng từ : ( adverb )
I will wait for you till tomorrow
4) Động danh từ ( gerund )
I dream of winning a lottery
5) Cụm từ ( phrase )
He will not pay me till after the meal
6) Mệnh đề ( clause )
I only recognized him by the way he spoke
HÌNH THỨC CỦA GIỚI TỪ

1)Giới từ đơn ( simple prepositions )
Là giới từ có một chữ : in, at, on, for, from, to, under, over, with …
2)Giới từ đôi ( doubleprepositions )
Là giới từ được tạo ra bằng cách hợp 2 giới từ đơn lại :
Into, onto, upon, without, within, underneath, throughout, from among …
The boy runs into the room : thằng bé chạy vào trong phòng
He fell onto the road : anh ta té xuống đường
I chose her from among the girls : tôi chọn cô ấy từ trong số các cô gái
3) Giới từ kép ( compound prepositions )
Là giới từ được tạo thành bằng tiếp đầu ngữ a hoặc be
About, among, across , amidst, above, against,
Before, behind, beside, beyond, beneath, between, below…
4)Giới từ do phân từ ( participle prepositions )
According to ( tùy theo), during ( trong khoảng ), owing to ( do ở ), pending ( trong
khi , saving = save = except ( ngoại trừ ), notwithstanding ( mặc dù ) , past ( hơn, qua )
considering ( xét theo ) concerning ( về vấn đề, về ) regarding ( về vấn đề ) touching (về
vấn đề ), excepting = except ( ngoại trừ )
She is very intelligent, considering her age. ( xét theo tuổi thì cố ấy rất thông minh)
5) Cụm từ được dùng như giới từ:
Giới từ loại này bao gồm cả một cụm từ :
Because of ( bởi vì )
By means of ( do, bằng cách)
In spite of (mặc dù)
In opposition to ( đối nghịch với )


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On account of ( bởi vì )
In the place of ( thay vì )

In the event of ( nếu mà )
In the event of my not coming, you can come home.( nếu mà tôi không đến thì anh cứ
về)
With a view to ( với ý định để )
With the view of ( với ý định để )
I learn English with the view of going abroad.( tôi học TA với ý định đi nước ngoài)
For the shake of ( vì )
I write this lesson for the shake of your progress. ( tôi viết bài này vì sự tiến bộ của các
bạn)
On behalf of ( thay mặt cho)
On behalf of the students in the class, I wish you good health ( thay mặt cho tất cả học
sinh của lớp, em xin chúc cô được dồi dào sức khỏe)
In view of ( xét về )
In view of age, I am not very old. ( xét về mặt tuổi tác, tôi chưa già lắm )
With reference to ( về vấn đề, liên hệ tới)
I send this book to you with reference to my study.( tôi đưa bạn quyển sách này có liên
hệ đến việc học của tôi. )
6) Giới từ trá hình:
Đây là nhóm giới từ được ẩn trong hình thức khác:
At 7 o'clock ( o' = of )
Lúc 7 giờ ( số 7 của cái đồng hồ )
EXERCISES ON PREPOSITION
Complete the following sentences with proper prepositions:
1. We’ll buy a smaller house when the children have grown and left home.
2. The computer isn’t working. It broke

this morning.

3. My headaches have been much better since I gave
4. I turned

drinking coffee.

their offer because they weren’t going to pay me enough money.

5. It was not a problem. We looked
6. Helen takes

his number in the telephone book.

her mother in many ways.

7. We need to set

early tomorrow.

8. The plane took

very quickly.

9. Anne’s leaving

London tomorrow morning.

10. Your friend is always complaining

her job.

11. If there was a technical failure, Gagarin might never get

to the Earth.

12. Courses like shoemaking or glass engraving provide people

practical skills they can


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do with their hands.
13. She is famous

her beautiful face and sweet voice.

14. We are all aware
protection.

the

15. His opinion is different

mine.

16. If you don’t pay attention

the teacher, you won’t understand the lesson.

17. I’m not familiar
me.

his name, but his face seems familiar

18. We were very grateful

our friends for all of their assistance.

importance

19. No one knew precisely what would happen
20. How would the mind deal

of

the

environment

a human being in space.

the psychological tension?

21. I’m good

English, but I’m bad Mathematics.

22. Mrs. Brown is often worried

money.

23. Her parents are very pleased

her French.

24. I’m not interested

politics.

25. I’m bit short

money. Can you lend me some?

26. I was delighted

the present you gave me.

27. She was sad because he was very rude
28. She was very angry
29. Fred is capable
30. You get bored

her.

Tom.
doing better work than he is doing at present.
doing the same thing every day.

31. Thank you. It was very kind
32. Mr. Green is responsible

you to help me.

hiring employees.

33. There’s really no need for you to be afraid_
34. Ken was proud
35. My plan is similar

the examination.

his good marks on the English.
yours, but it is different

36. Pierre said he had become quite fond
37. That fashion magazine is full

Ken’s.

American hamburgers.

advertising for women’s clothes.

38. Thin gloves aren’t very suitable

that kind of work.

39. They were happy

the results of the election.

40. Y. Gagarin lifted
12th April, 1961.

into space aboard the Vostok 1

41. If you want to lose weight, you must go

a diet.

9.07 a.m. Moscow time


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42. You should learn

heart all the new words and try to use them in the context.

43. We have been learning English

five years.

44. Can you send it to me

fax?

45. She’s never satisfied

what she has got.

46. She wanted to borrow some books
47.

They succeeded

escaping

48. I don’t approve

him but she was shy

asking.

the burning house.

your smoking. I wish you would give

49. Do you think we’ll find a solution

that habit.

the problem?

50. I must try and look ________ my notes before the exam.
51. He admitted having opened the suitcase

asking its owner.

52. Opening the parcel, he was surprised
53. She insisted

what he saw.

him wearing the red tie.

54. The teacher tried to explain the new formula
55. The English contest organized
56.

our teachers is an annual event in my school.

The participants must find

57. Are you excited

all the answers in order to go in the next round.
going on holiday next week?

58. She said to me “why don’t you relax
59.

his students.

_a while?”

the end of the film, the heroine was reunited with her family.

60. On behalf

our group, he made a speech at the meeting.

61. Have you washed your hands

62. He was accused

having lunch.

having stolen a car.

63. Thank you very much

inviting me to your party.

64. We could not play soccer due

the bad weather.

65. If you don’t want to watch TV. Turn it
66. He is retired. He lives

his pension.

67. He’s getting bored
68. The bomb went

, please.

learning

heart.

killing several by-standers.

69. They cancelled the flight because
70. The local people are very hospitable
71. Why were you absent

the storm.
strangers.

class this morning?

72. In English lessons we always speak
73. When I bought the house, my sister helped me

English.
with a loan.


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74. Your father is very kind

David.

75. Your plan is similar

his.

76. She is accustomed
77. This area is rich
78.

Are you acquainted

79. It was very nice
80. Smoking is harmful

getting up early.
oil.
this man?
him to give me a lift.
our health.


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81.

Mary always take good care

her children.

82. Our study is very important
83.

Why don't you ask

84. Don't shout

our future and useful

our country.

a pay increase?

the child when he makes a mistake.

85. Ken prefers Chinese food

French food.

86. How long have they been working the company?
87. He wore a hat, which made him look

a spy.

88. I think your mother should let you make
89. The pens made

plastic are very cheap .

90. Many of the stories are based
91. Was your friend successful
92. If you look

your own mind.

rumor.
getting a loan from the bank?

the book, you can find what you need.

93. You should make use

the books you have.

94. She was very upset

the news of her father’s death.

95. How would the body react
96. We congratulate you

the extreme changes in temperature?

your successful flight.

97. The American people shared the Soviet people their satisfaction for
the safe flight.
98. Most of the streets were named

national heros.

99. China became the third country in the world to be able to independently carry manned
space flights.
100. He was in orbit around the Earth

a speed of more than 17,000 miles per hour.

KEY
1. up
2. down

3. up

4. down
5. up
6. after

7. off
8. off
9. for

10. about
11. back
12. with

13. for
14. of
1 5. from


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16. to
17. with
18. to
19. to
20. with
21. at/at
22. about
23. with
24. in

25. of
26. with
27. to
28. with
29. of
30. with
31. of
32. for
33. of

34. of
35. to
36. of
37. of
38. for
39. with
40. off / at / on
41. on
42. by
43. for
44. by
45. with
46. from/ of
47. in / from
48. of
49. to
50. through
51. without

52. at

53. on
54. to
55. for
56. out
57. about
58. for
59. at
60. of
61. before
62. of
63. for . of
64. to
65. off
66. on
67. with/by
68. off
69. of

Bài tập 1: Điền vào giới từ thích hợp bằng in, at, on
1.
...... the afternoon
2.
...... February
3.
...... Christmas
4.
...... 1991
5.
...... Tuesday morning
6.

...... Tet
7.
...... the moment
8.
...... sunrise
9.
...... April
10. ...... the future
11. ...... spring
12. ...... birthday party
13. ...... Sunday
14. ...... breakfast
15. ...... 2nd September 1945
16. ...... 10th January
ĐÁP ÁN
1. in the afternoon
2. in February
3. at Christmas
4. in 1991
5. on Tuesday morning
6. on Tet
7. at the moment
8. at sunrise
9. in April

70. to
71. from
72. in
73. out
74. to

75. to
76. to
77. in
78. with
79. of
80. to
81. of
82. for/ for
83. for
84. at
85. to
86. for
87. like

88. up
89. of
90. on
91. in
92. through
93. of
94. about
95. to
96. on
97. with
98. after
99. out
100. at


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10. in the future
11. in spring
12. at birthday party
13. on Sunday
14. at breakfast
15. on 2nd September 1945
16. on 10th January
Bài tập 2: Điền vào chỗ trống với giới từ in on at
1.
......1600 Pennsylvania Ave
2.
......the gym
3.
......the farm
4.
......the airport
5.
......Ho Chi Minh city
6.
......the bus
7.
......the table
8.
......the party
9.
......London
10. ......school
11. ......the bathroom
12. ......page 100

ĐÁP ÁN
1.
at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave
2.
at the gym
3.
on the farm
4.
at the airport
5.
in Ho Chi Minh city
6.
on the bus
7.
on the table
8.
at the party
9.
in London
10. at school
11. in the bathroom
12. on page 100
Bài tập giới từ 3: Hoàn thành các câu sau với in, on, at.
1. Mary wants to live and work.........New York.
2. My mother is working.........the farm.
3. I am standing.........the crossroad. I don’t know whether to turn left, turn right or go straight on.
4. .........university, he was an excellent student.
5. My grandparents live.........456 Mountain Street.........Australia.
6. There is a funny cartoon.........TV now.
7. At present, I am.........home while my friends are.........school.

8. Everyone, open your book.........page 123 and we start the lesson.
ĐÁP ÁN


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1. Mary wants to live and work in New York.
2. My mother is working on the farm.
3. I am standing at the crossroad. I don’t know whether to turn left, turn right or go straight on.
4. At university, he was an excellent student.
5. My grandparents live at 456 Mountain Street in Australia.
6. There is a funny cartoon on TV now.
7. At present, I am at home while my friends are in school.
8. Everyone, open your book on page 123 and we start the lesson.
Bài tập giới từ 4: Hoàn thành đoạn văn sau với giới từ in on at
This is Jenny’s room. It is very nice and clean. She often spends a lot of time (1).........her
bedroom but now she is not (2).........home. (3).........this room, she puts her bed (4).........the left,
the sofa (5).........the right and the yellow carpet (6).........the center. She studies (7).........her table,
between the bed and the sofa. (8).........this table, there is a laptop and a phone. She stores her
study materials (9).........the laptop but she also uses it to watch films and listen to music.
(10).........the wall, she hangs a clock, a picture and a shelf. It looks so great!
ĐÁP ÁN
(1) in
(2) at
(3) In
(4) on
(5) on
(6) in
(7) at
(8) on

(9) in
(10) on
Bài tập 5: Hoàn thành các câu sau với giới từ in on at
1. I was born June 16th. I was born.........1949. I am a . I work.........a big hospital. I go to
work.........5:00 a.m.
2. Hi, I am an . I go to work.........the morning. I start work 11:00 a.m. I was born.........April
10th.
3. Howdy! I was born.........July 2nd, 1978. I am a . I work.........the farm everyday. I milk the
cows.........the morning. I milk the cows.........6:00 a.m.
4. Hey, I am a . I was born.........August 1st. I was born.........1991. I go to practice.........7:00 a.m.
5. I was born.........1992. I go to work.........night. I go to work 10:00 p.m. I work at night because
I like to take pictures of the stars. I am a .
ĐÁP ÁN


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1. I was born on June 16th. I was born in 1949. I am a doctor. I work in a big hospital. I go to
work at 5:00 a.m.
2. Hi, I am an artist. I go to work in the morning. I start work at 11:00 a.m. I was born on April
10th.
3. Howdy! I was born on July 2nd, 1978. I am a farmer. I work on the farm everyday. I milk the
cows in the morning. I milk the cows at 6:00 a.m.
4. Hey, I am a football player. I was born on August 1st. I was born in 1991. I go to practice at
7:00 a.m.
5. I was born in 1992. I go to work at night. I go to work at 10:00 p.m. I work at night because I
like to take pictures of the stars. I am a photographer.