Mô hình tính phí nước bảo vệ môi trường đối với nước thải công nghiệp cho một số cơ sở dệt may trên địa bàn thành phố Hà Nội

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Lời mở đầu
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ZHL.*)B%-<*[Mô hình tính phí nước bảo vệ
môi trường đối với nước thải công nghiệp cho một số cơ sở dệt may trên địa
bàn thành phố Hà Nội.”
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E2!,
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F*J2.!;6
Z!,]]\>A2.!;!.>-%4
\U56
Z!,]]].LHH!.>25(,(?
R>28-%4\U5
Z!,-<
!,%6
!,2.L
!,DH(*>6
2
Z8-%>

2
 
CHƯƠNG I: CƠ SỞ LÝ LUẬN CHUNG CỦA VIỆC ÁP DỤNG CÁC
CÔNG CỤ KINH TẾ TRONG QUẢN LÝ MÔI TRƯỜNG.
I. Tổng quan về các công cụ kinh tế trong quản lý môi trường
I.1. Các nguyên tắc cơ bản của việc xây dựng các công cụ kinh tế.
I.1.1. Nguyên tắc người gây ô nhiễm phải trả tiền ( PPP)
KD8*258-3FB7% *2<
B>*V.PF*J2.!;$%!G
!-0^<! _`Za%!
%!G7V/O2bcde6W8-3!;D.Q2
fgF8%49UO!;D8.Q22.!;
4>2H%VF2.!;2A
%502LD8f A%5%M*G8.G
g6Z"W8-3LH0(h.%!GG
7%CI*J.Q22.!;$LZH0G7(h*2>
D8.Q200 A%5$2!;D8.Q2%MM
HfM *H=gHF8$(%M(h
%!G%!Fi>2.!;M(h%!G%!.
L2.!;922 .Q2650 A%5
%MH!V8B(hD3O*GHH%
<%M%jA%502L*MPC2.
!;.FCI*JP%MMH8*%!25.
>CI*J!C.%MMH6ZHLV8
22<%MMfD8.Q2g?%D8%!GC
%4%N4*GH*A02.!;8M
H2B'9=,HCI*JDF2.!;R
BD8$M!V828HR>AC
)8>*3%=.>CI*J!C6
8-8-3!;D8.Q2".

A().92=R:8-38F8%49!;
3
Z8-%>
3
 
D8.Q2$%M0 D8.Q2fR>g
(h%M9D(k2*-B%k8H7
%2.!;(!;-R:46=8-38"
.F8%4lP*JHM".
*2.!;m%M*25(2=A08-3868-
MX%!G!VV5#*C7/25*JR$
R>RP>>2.!;!;MH
,L4H&/=HCI*J.Q2RX
,%#!?%A0(k20B!
V8(%^0.RP>2.!;M%#27%
*G6K %2().9R>8A%5
!,2A! _`Za%#7RP
8-386T/%M8-3%#*8%!GVV
5#-6Z8MX*25O8-30
8>*VH(2.!;0F-
$%=>*!_`Za$V2H8-38%#%!G
%!F8% )>6THRPAnK H0
/,(?.>.O% CI*J.Q22&
G7.F32.!;6
K!% $>RP8-D8
25(7*G2=6!8)>%N!8-
3(h7MM A! M7%
7.(hC86A!@B%2=V2
 %:M*7A2.!;$252="R!
 %#D8FN.Q2B.F8 .

>"*AV%8-0B6K!
MBM/2.!;&%!@L
.M9$%MB4H
>D8.Q2/!6
4
Z8-%>
4
 
ZHLRP8-38"MO%.
G*J65*!;D8.Q2!*A1!;@
4H6\*MO82.!;N. 2%!G
9=>%4M*7M$%M>RP8-
38(h.HC>C%42<0 D8
VF2.!;6
K *2o,8-38C125HRP)Q?T>
U2$%M*!;GC0.>!GKL(.
.4%#D8.Q2!R&(.D8>A
BRD(-;(..46U!V8.>!G
KL%#D8.Q22.!;!*A.27H
D8.Q202L6UW8-3L.>!G
KL(h%:>AO5RD(?-;(.=
*(h*3%=25>CI*J!!CR&
(.=*4%M25HHF8%4!,
% B%!.L2.!;6T(I9>H
!0.>!GKL*%NH228
'% *3%=CI*J!L%MB(h%k8H(
k2*-6U!V8.LH.Q28(h%k8(
!;-R:(k20.>6
1.1.2.Nguyên tắc người hưởng thụ phải trả tiền ( BPP)
U!8-3!;D8.Q2%&'0

 D8.Q22.!;4HVF2.!;2L
D8L!G*A8-3!;!?P*A9
O!;%!G!?*G/2.!;25()
!?*G%M67898-3!;D8.Q22
H73P$CI*J%!;VF00 A%5D8
.Q22.!;L8-3p*A2H7&/
*H6?%D8!;%!G!?P2.!;"6q8
5
Z8-%>
5
 
?*AHRP0.>!GKL%#CD8.Q2
R&(..4$W8-3!;!?*GI2.!;
LO!;-(k20.>"
25H>>2.!;!(..4$O
!;(?-;(."%MMH7%C!*J.
Q2!(.6
)>8-3p>RP.P
F*J2.!(hA2.% Fi>2.
!;6TJ<2.!;8%5.Q22.!;
M>8L8M!;2!?P2.
!;*/%MB(h(r(7V'25H
>!?P%M68-)>8-38*A.8
H%!G0 %5M>2>2.!;!
%502L$>(IRP8-38".%!G.9
M!;.22>2.!;
=B.M6U!B*AX%!G!?A<
I>0O!;(r*B>!?P2.
!;0B6THRPN%R*4\AL21
I!V8<*N%#H>!?P

F2.!;*?\A6T(%!G8
F*JR*4\A(hR:M% >>2.!;
R*4'O.Q2M C86U!257%%=
*O!;((?AB.2725Hf.
271g!BX%!G!?25.H*
!?A%s6
!,*8-3p(h*25O8-3,
H(>2.!;6TL2P%H:08-
38*!92>2.!;-M8%!G
!-FD2NJ.F*J2.!;6
6
Z8-%>
6
 
I.2. Các loại công cụ kinh tế trong quản lý môi trường:
Z.P%!G *O.PH(928%^
H*GH0O%500 A%5!;
C8-%52.!;$RP.P*2!;J
<>2!>D8.Q22.!;00
A%56Z.PA%5.F$ND
0%5*2^A2.!;*-=A0%5
>2.!;C6Z.P"R*)B
.8Df0 %5g!7(:G
%>0B6
Z.P%!GCD8R)R)-08-3
8-3p$G8-32>*> 2
(fZtZg$ >.FF8%40*V6Z.P
%!G%2)>?H)n-%!G+G)9
.P*JO!;G6THRP!;GRP
2<!%#*#(78%R)D>2.!;$

%!M F8%4%!25.>(A% %!G!?
2<!%#8*%!25.>L!;8
2<*#(7L!;6!;G.P*A2H3
5M3lP*J!!;G.Q22.!;
H>2.!;%!6?%D80 A%5MC
2.!;*2.Q22.!;(h4!u525
H,F<,W%NF8%40*V6
I.2.1. Tại sao phải áp dụng cụng công cụ tế trong quản lý môi trường:
*4(I 0%#789$O
 >2.!;M2F>H3M.
 ;6\8M>2.!;>*
5V025) . ;6U. A
7
Z8-%>
7
\>
\# \5%L
\>2.!;f%7$!$.H$(V$Yg
 
%5'>2.!;$>2.!;%M&*
%FBFLA%5(C7M*,V
2B%0>6F>-%!G >F(,%E(
!%D8F*J2.!;!-j(IRPO
F8%4*J% %j*-F2.!;!%#
.%A%!G>F!226=^<2.!;
!;C8-ED(% A%5$"!7%2.
!;%&'25EH*%.*)H025
F". %<%!G6=RP-k
*J%,%.F<3$H*AF*J
2.!;6K F87%8.P%#%;%!G(I

RPF*J2.!;$!%%#2*AOF
*+*)A().Q22.!;C2<%M 6RP
8
Z8-%>
8
 
.PF*J2.!;*2>FH$>
(IRP% *2!%2BA%5*-F2.!;
%#*2.8L22%!G2<H>F7
*)B0B65%O*RP.P(h
8H,>%^2RD88.>"i*A
V9.>D>2.!;,6Z.P
"A(<N2A2h%R>LMNR
>H%!G2<H!7>CI*J.Q22.
!;6
88$>GO8*J
.PF*J2.!;%#%2*A>F
*-%!; O00F
6
I.2.2. Thuế và phí bảo vệ môi trường:
H*25O*A.P^
%!GRP5#7-*l)>2.!;
M*l)F*JM6H2.!;
2H*J%!G%2)>9*V6p70
H**2-2OA%5
2N2>?2P->2.!;V
0C#56MM 
HHRP(k2%$(k2
%$%!;(C78!;-R:Y6)
LH*.PO>7F*J

2.!;6KE;%D8"*25E08Fi
>2.!;0F6.PH2.!;
%!GRP(hM>F%W2HRP%
0 D8.Q22.!;6v52<(787
9
Z8-%>
9
 
22<%5%jD8.Q200 %5*
8HW()220F*J6
THRP25(*AH!;%!G(IRP
wH2+7p_a=x_y2.!;6
w
w%>(IRPDMB/(D6
w>H(IRP!$
w>H*7Y
I.2.3. Các chương trình thương mại:
U88() 2A2h0$LC
%A%?*-*2FD2%:RF
R>6BA%50R>%!*GH
7M 6R88.jM7*!;
(k2*-27%R$8H-!,!;"*
2FD27**!GR0R>6
%M!,L!,2A(hM&H)%
>%j00 A%5(C7R6Z
!,L!,2AM*-F%>2.!;%!G
.FL<MM *
m z7816
m G7-P(k2=(C76
m Z<V2fZ`{gM 26

5L<!,2A^>8%!G(IRP
F*J2.!;%M*<V2M %^
2-4!;6KD8*L<!,2A08%),RP
?F >86T%=>M%#%!G%!
4%4!8.!*25>22
04%4!92*22 ><H.F<
V2%!G.Vf!M V%
10
Z8-%>
10
 
%%>%^2<V28g6THRP
, (A$-2?%D8*25! %
!25.>%>A83(<M828>%>?
25!12 F%MB%#H%!G*!GHH
%!G32;.>886T! (h%!7
25<V2!8M %W2<V8
25!vW%>02L6\8CW25H
RP!;G.781CO.8tp6z
(I9.8tM(/25*!G781CfR.8t)
>%!.>CI*J7g.8p%25*!G
781$%M.88M !,*!Gp20t
*!G781R!/%M6T!V8tME/>78
1&pP%!GC6KE;*!G7X%!G
^*!G7812F*J6
U>2781C-4!;&M
2*A781!781A%5-P(
k2%=>$781.7%5A$81V.
-(.Y
I.2.4. Hệ thống đặt cọc hoạn trả:

\>%=B*>JFi25((k2
M2D8.Q22.!;$=*%=B25A%5
M!?*2.!;6U(k2%!G
%!% 2EF%4W*V=*A
7L8(h%!G*A6Z"!,)!V8
0 %5)>%N28-*A2.!;
%L%M((J(h%!G*A6T!CH
>=0 %5.)>%N2L(
%=B%M(h4O*A6\L<8%!GRP^%
R>(6%MC! 
11
Z8-%>
11
 
2A2h2%D8%=>*?25(R>
R%E%M!!$66\BMH(E*A
'"8% (IRP9L<%=B6N
%225!ALN(h2725
%=B'$(R:%W2*A'
I|(h%!GV*A(%='786
8-%L<%=B8)RP$
H>F0M.!2%G6p?L%;(8
!>8L(%=BH'>*A'(R:
.8%!G%W2*A6=H% 
8-*A2.!;!!*7*$R%MR
>()>CA%5B!;P27%
%=BJ2.P7%@8-2.
!;6!;G8M >RXHRP?.8?
T>U2$%.88L>8-2.!;*.
:12277;-B!;P27

H%=BF*J2.!;<. )>W
%N2!%8-*A2.!;2'
%#A(IRP6
I.2.5. Những chính sách khuyến khích về tài chính:
ZH(8HH*-F%2.!;$
!;%!G!%!G7-P(k2$G7
866%R)D>2.!;8R)
A2.!;$)>2,(?)>>
>2.!;Y6K.P8%#8H%!G
R>FD2%7%2.!;R!,L8M
*-F)H*GH00 %56M
8HW!?4;>2.!;65
12
Z8-%>
12
 
H(8HH*H0(h2F
8*#(79.%R)2.!;6
II. Kinh nghiệm thực tiễn áp dụng các công cụ kinh tế trong quản
lý môi trường của các nước trên thế giới:
II.1. Kinh nghiệm của các nước phát triển trên thế giới:
Z!8B%#F;v.>>%A
/*D"LV82B%#M7>27%CI*J
=.Q22.!;6*4(I.Q22.!;
0!%!%#<29.P%#7M>
*)F*J2.!;67*A.P!}2.
!;$>%=B$8HHY%%#%!G
! 5_`Za(IRP7>F6x%D8N(h
CW2C125(>2>(IRP.P
F*J2.!;0B6

~THRP>(IRP%=B2ZN789
?\q$KUVp66B%# RP2=
!(k2R:L$%E8(2*$%>IRD
RPY&?ZR225*!W2beW$
*A'*(h%!G*A(86Z.P8"
%!GRP85#?i8*!.%%
*l)>2.!;!%#M•B€b•%ER:9
.2HLV82.P8'7>F
>E(k2%#F(IRP68-%=B
'%E!,H.**-%!;RD!M
 M7!;FD2>*A'% *78*(
%=B6?!8!;MO^</>%<
VL% *78*2/>6
~THRP>(IRP!,L!,2AKD8"*
.P%!G!_`Za(IRP7.
13
Z8-%>
13
 
>2.!;6U!781M %^2-4
!;$H>2G7-P=(C7(
k2Y%-?i25(!D8‚$%=>*?K<!;
%#%!L<781M 2%!G6Z78
18(IRPR)-8-3*7<()7
"%!GD9>27!,<!;*
,(*!G6HRP25.8ƒ%M%!G1Cbee%,4.
Q2!.88jM„e%,4.Q2!V8.88
M F8ye%,4.Q2.86
!,L!,2ALH2
G7-P(k2=(C7"%!G!_`Za(I

RP6Z!8(IRPL92A254
!;….Q2[<*A4!;% !;M 2
=8 !GF8%!GD8.Q202LO
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!;?_`Za08%!G*2*AG7.*A$
!;*G7H!;G!;D8.
Q2(h)>>% 22<%5.Q2!,
*}Z8*#(77$*A8!;%!GRPO
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RO!;RP>.Q2%#F8
%46
II.2. Kinh nghiệm của các nước đang phát triển:
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257A.j%!% 2M%#*7%0
D*A6ZHL8A!% *#
14
Z8-%>
14
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! %!:>%!G())NiV"
!H0.!_`Za25(H0%#NJB
>R:.P!*25>O>.5
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8 %^?K.U2†i6A!8M25%=
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.P*J2MH*.P(+G.
P*J2.6A!8.P*JX*.P08
%!GR:F0*J2.!;!.P*J8%!G^
(-2H22R‡*A0.P6H;%=
% 28*-H(2.!;0!8%#2*A>
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>4!;!%!GC*V25%8%0R
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!7% %2.P%!G)A
!86ZNM >RX>2025(!RP
..PF*J2.!;(%D8
* Ở Philipin:T>RP.PR)-,(?4!;
%#%!G)>/O2bc„e8?*-^
O2?*%D86K2bccd!;G…)()…RP*>H
(IRP2.!;%!G,%#!GF()%0
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6Z<% H*>HCH>*E%5
p_aM!6.%A%!G>H%
CH>-*RH7%=:025^<M-*atm25
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15
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50#86
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>2.!;6
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.86a%MBj08R)%02.
!;0H0$H077812.!;LD
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* Một ví dụ khác từ Trung Quốc:A%D8L<H*>H
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!;2 .Q26
16
Z8-%>
16
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* Tại Maláysia:T>(IRP.PF*J2.
!;"%#2*AOF%6%M.P

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D8.Q286
III. Phí bảo vệ môi trường đối với nước thải trong quản lý môi
trường:
3.1. Phương pháp luận cho việc tính phí bảo vệ môi trường đối với
nước thải công nghiệp:
ZN789OHM()>7%468
-O.P8&25(% 2$%=>*:%
!;D8.Q26P-%H"M% 2
$%MM>*28%^0!;(C7!;
-R:W!22.!;6UC%42<
HHG&M 8H,(?(C7*3%=
4CI*J7!2.!;6TLV8$/2)
%78M !,*V0>HHH*!,%E
6
U!N%#$$B!;t%#%!25
*%/%,4(k2D8.Q2(.
&M()-*>OHD0#fZgH-0
C#5fxZg6zB*2<H%b%,4%7M
MSC = t + MC 8 t = MSC – MC6
17
Z8-%>
17

 
\>(fxZˆZg"H*HA<-25%,4
(k2A7f`Zg$F%MM
t = MSC – MC =MEC6
<N-%!G%W(*!GRV8% %*G
VC#5LR>42<‰Ht
*
= MSC – MC =
MECA2<(*!G!0R>%#H%HA
<6T2<85!;(C7%jA%5
2<!q
~
V86%M(h%A%*GVC#56
25R>%!8%^FL.>% *2
27.Q22R>XO%!G(*!G!
2%!GA<l*R>%#'25H% *2
27.Q28*CI*J7!2.!;6ZH
% 2-25%,4*!G7H*HV-2
.Q265R>27.Q22.!;
H% 26KD8:*<>
C%4(7H-25%,47HG(C#5*X
R>%M*G$8.-4>6
P-0>H.Q22.!;M $M
92>7*!G2.!;.F>8%^0
!;D8.Q2=922P%HRD(
!6U!H2.!;2H*V$MlM.
922P%H5(C7/(C7$".L2P
-*GV2•A2.!;6
K C%4H2.!;CW2C1-22F>HV
-*22.Q2ftZgHD8.Q26ZHV-*2

2.Q2025#825.>H%
2%25%,476.!;$HV-2.
Q27,H2.!;2R>5$R>
(h*)B!,%!*227D8.Q28L5
18
Z8-%>
18
 
H6JR*!,8M*GR>,LM‡,6
U!G*A$tZ,HD8.Q2$*N%MR>
(h*)B!,5HL!V8(h‡,(>P
RP>2D8.Q26U!V8$R>!
P*H$<7% 2.Q2/tZ7,
H.Q2(%M%MHtZ*,2<H%M6)
78R>.>Y!;M2
HV-2.Q2R4$.>$%
8=H6KD8"*O8F8
%4%H*22.Q2$% 25R>D3!
CD8R)>CI*J78%MH6
T7%%=%C%4H.Q2*HMRP8
HR>P(C7% M*GV!%E;
%2%!G-k7*!G2.!;F%46W
>20!L>C%4C7H*257%<AD8
#$%M8-DFBH*.8
..HCRX%.%0,(?% C%4H>
AF%M. %!252<HHC6
3.2.Cơ sở xác định phí nước thải công nghiệp:
3.2.1.Dựa vào tổng lượng nước thải.
^*!G7*25<FB% C%4^
H2R>%M,FF*J2.!;$%M*

,(?% ,FF*J8H>2.!;6.F
>C%4^*!G7f?%D8*^*!G!g0/
R>2NM %!G*!*!G!0R
>8*8'/%MC%4%!G2<%5-2B0
C%2.!;0R>86
3.2.2.Dựa vào đặc tính của các chất gây ô nhiễm.
19
Z8-%>
19
 
K=H07D8.Q2*258.
%C%4C7HR>C6x%D8*25(7
D8A%=!!;8M2.!;!0R
>6
+ Nhâu cầu oxy sinh hoá BOD:KD8*j-.RP7% C
%42<%5.Q27O,M D•?(V!
%.47.>6Up_a%!G%4l*
C8(VFLD•7O,6)
!;. *!GC8% D•7O,L
!F;2HC%4*!GC8€
8%?>%50ye
e
J>p_am€6j-8%!Gk
(IRP?3!-6z4p_a*l*2<%5.
Q27O,6
+ Nhu cầu oxy hoá học COD:.(8%!GR:% %=!
2*!G7O,0!!)-6Z_a%!G%4
l**!GC8FLC8B7O,
2XZ_y!6!GC88!,%!,2*!G
7O,M 4C86.(Z_a 477O,$

 4C89(V$R%MM4,p_a6
+ Tổng chất thải rắn lơ lửng TSS: Z73*,*I*D
!?-)%8-•(%E;D8A2=2
Ff%5%P!gD8E*3R&86KD8"*j-
3.2.3.Dựa vào hàm lượng các chất gây ô nhiễm6
\2*!G7D8.Q2M!"*25,(?
% HH!5R>6Z:25*!G!
!!E!M%M2*!G7%5
A,L2<H%M(h,6Z"M
7!!E025R>(C7t*AM
2*!G7%5A,CH>(C7p!V8<'
20
Z8-%>
20
 
92<%5D8.Q22.!;0CH>t**,CH>p
R%Mt(hP252<H*,p6
3.2.4.Dựa vào hệ số chịu tải môi trường.
\>(8 42<%5402.!;025:P
5)A2.!;$LLC50:%MM
"2<%5>A2!,<R.Q2D86
40:..$:N$O:.M.
>:*.>6\>(4
02.!;(h*282H.Q2v52<%5
402.!;%M6
ZNM C%4>(42.!&.F>C
%42V%5R>(C7R,FME
D8.Q22.!;2-b2y2V%5RD(4
)8%,4H%M6<M C%4>(4R)
-k2.!;F6<NM C%4W

$).>$C76
3.2.5.Dựa vào chi phí biên bỏ ra lắp đặt hệ thống giảm thải.
T>C%4HD8.Q2!!;R)-,(?H
H>CI*J!2.!;6Z8-)7
M)>RH-% 2-225%,477
$*252(P5(!^%;$7*!G
04$>(>F046\,O%(R>T>
U2MF8L.>(C7"4282M0CH>
*AYa%M$MC%4C7HHC68-XM
!H%!GC7HR)-!,89B25(
42R)%:GR>T>U2RP*78
LFDH‡048922-2b%,47
:*A% C%4(7H6.!;$H-% 2 .
Q2%25*A7E%50M28R
21
Z8-%>
21
 
>(h4H2j7D8.Q26
KR>$H-% 2jD8.Q2;"
P5F2.(C76
3.2.6.Dựa vào giá trị ước tính tác hại do một đơn vị chất thải gây ra.
K8M)>?L.C%4%!GHC2>
A07-)2<%5>A07L
.M %)$2%&'H.F25(8
$MRQ78!%.*A7M786
3.2.7.Dựa vào tiêu chuẩn môi trường.
-k2.!;M *25k2)R:% C%4
>20%!GD8.Q22.!;6UM!;
(C77.Q2ME%5!G-k1LB%#

A2F8%46%M$>C%42<H,%!G
!*A>A2-k6-k2.!;M
DW:W402.!;
L$7R>L
W>R>(IRP.>"82Y
22
Z8-%>
22
 
CHƯƠNG II: HIỆN TRẠNG SẢN XUẤT CÔNG NGHIỆP
VÀ MÔI TRƯỜNG NƯỚC THẢI CÔNG NGHIỆP
TRÊN ĐỊA BÀN THÀNH PHỐ HÀ NỘI:
I. Hiện trạng sản xuất công nghiệp:
1.1.Tình hình sản xuất công nghiệp:
/!;v%^2fbccŠg$%=>;vbccŠ%
8$(C7.>?\U5%#MO8%^*6%5
!?4(C7.>2%Ab••B4(
C7.>za2MC*-P$P *‹$c•
2bccŠ$‹€$‹•fbccdg$‹Š$b•fbcc„g$‹d$€•fbcccg2yeee%AC7
(j‹c•6U.>?\U5MO%^*!
m UO(C7&:G4!;%#%/
!%^2.>4$&28M(k2.
%!G4!;7V%#L2!R2= 6
m Z.>*3VA (F82.!
*•*>5%4(k2&76
m Z.>>%A.>%#LA25()
V2%!G%!CD8R)$MAiV!.
>xKEp$p3$U5p$xMx,Y
m Z,7(C7.>%#LM2MJ#
W6KM*,2$R>28$R8$*!,)$

)k2.>%>$%>I6U.>78>
%2•B!,%bd•!%M!2/
R!GL.G! 00%.6
U2yeey\U5MyŠ€R>.>FR%M
MbŠ‹R>qR,}b€„„eR>.
>qR%Mbd€GC#$‹dR>!D$
‹e€R>+Gb€‹Š€5R 6\U5*%4
V.>7?p3p5%<<0!6•*>
23
Z8-%>
23
 
zaŒ.>?7\U5>2‹Š•%M
!6O2F$.>\U5%A4%5
!?6z4(C7.>%MMe•^
D(,de•2AC7k0$•(7.
>%A-Še•6Z,7.>\U5%#LM2
H(
m Z,Hf2yemb‹•g6
m a>mRm282=f2yymy€•g6
m !,)m)k2f2bŠmb„•g6
m KE%>m%>If2€m„•g6
1.2.Những tác động tới môi trường nước của hoạt động sản xuất công
nghiệp.
ZN9!*25805(M
.j(A2&7%FL(
C7.>6W-?\U5M‹ee6eeem‹ye6eee2
‹
‰8%-2L%Mb‰‹*!.>6K=% 20!
0.>8*7*!G!712!%<

7%5AF-k17**!*!GC7*6
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17*6 >F(%D8
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Kết quả phân tích chất lượng nước sông Lừ.
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Nguồn: 1999 - Dự án nghiên cứu cỉa thiện môi trường TP
Hà Nội.
2001 - Sở KHCN & MT Hà Nội.
2002 – Công ty thoát nước Hà Nội.
ZED8.Q2H*/.>
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