Xây dựng quy trình xác định nồng độ thấp của hơi hữu cơ Cyclohexan bằng phương pháp sắc khí, ứng dụng cho hệ thống đánh giá phương tiện bảo vệ cơ quan hô hấp

KHOA HQC, CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAO

XAY DUNG QUY TRINH XAC DINH NONG DO THAP
CUA HOI H O U C U C Y C L O H E X A N DANG PHUUNG PHAP
SAC KY KHi, UnJG DUNG CHO HE THONG DANH GIA
PHUUNG TIEN BAO VE CU QUAN HO HAP
CN. NGUYfiN KHANH HUY^N
Vi$n Nghidn cdu KHKT BHLD

Tdm tit: 6a/ bio md ta quy trinh xic dmh nong dg hdi Cyclohexan thap va cao tren thiet
bl sk ky khi GC-9A. Xiy dung dudng chuiin d dii ndng do thip 20 ^ 200 mg/m3 dexic dinh
nong do lot qua sau hop loc (nong do thip) eija Cyclohexan. Xay dung dudng chuan d dai
nong do cao 200 ^ 7000 mg/m3 dexic dinh ndng do Cyclohexan trong ddng khi. Cic ket
qua duoc doi chieu vi so sinh vdi k6t qui phin tich tren miy sic ky GC/FID.
Abstract: This article describes the procedure or detenmining low and high concentration of Cyclohexane on the GC-9A gas chromatography The procedure includes: establishing a baseline at low concentration ranging from 20 mg/m3 to 200 mg/m3 to determine the
concentration of Cyclohexane passing through filter box; building a baseline at high
concentration, from 200mg/m3 to 7000 mg/m3 to detennine the level of Cyclohexane in the air
flow. Results are collated and compared to analysis results from chromatography GC/FID.

LMU BAU
Trong qud trinh lao ddng, nhidu khi ngudi cdng nhdn
phdi Idm vide trong mdi tmdng tidp xuc vdi cdc loai chat
ddc hai, dac bidt Id eac chat hQru co. Cdc loai hoi khf ddc
hffu CO cd the gdy nhidm ddc cap tfnh tffe thdi hoac mdt
cdch td td trong thdi gian ddi, huy hoai sdc khde NLO,
khidn hp phdi nghf mat sdc vd mang bdnh sudt ddi.
Oe phdng chdng cdc loai khf, hoi hdu co trdn, bidn
phdp hOu hidu nhat dd bdo vd sdc khde NLD Id sd dung
cdc loai phuong tidn bao vd eo quan hd hap (PTBVCQHH)
Ipc hPi khf ddc. Tmdc ddy dd ddnh gid thdi gian cd tdc
dung bdo vd eua cdc hdp Ipc hoi hffu cP, ngudi ta sd dung

Benzen. Song do Benzen Id hda chat ed nguy eo gdy ung
thu d ngudi ndn vide sd dung Benzen trong ddnh gid thdi
gian ed tdc dung bdo vd cCia cac hdp Ipc hoi hffu cP dupe
thay thd bang Cyclohexan. 6 nude ta, chua cd nghidn cdu
ndo de cap ddn vide sd dung Cyclohexan trong ddnh gid
thdi gian cd tdc dung bdo vd cua cdc hdp Ipc hPi hdu cp
bang phuong phdp sac ky khf (SKK). Bdi vidt ndy trinh bdy
kdt qud nghidn cdu xdy dung quy trinh xdc djnh ndng dd
thap cQa hoi hffu co Cyclohexan trong ddnh gid thdi gian

ed tdc dung bao vd cua cac hop Ipc hoi hdu co trdn he
thdng ddnh gid PTBVCQHH eiia Vidn BHLD bang phuong
p^^p gKK.

H. NOI BUNG VA PHUUNG PHAP NGHIEN CUU
1. No! dung nghien cdu
- Xdc dinh ndng dd cao vd thap eua Cyclohexan bang
phupng phdp SKK vd phuong phdp trpng lupng qua vide
cdn lupng Cyclohexan cd'p vao ddng khf thd nghidm.
- Ddi chidu kdt qua xdc dinh thdi gian cd tdc dung bao
vd cua mdt sd hdp Ipc hoi hffu eo dupe thue hidn trdn he
thdng ddnh gid PTBVCQHH cua Vidn BHLD vd kdt qua
xdc dinh thdi gian ed tdc dung bdo vd cua nude ngodi.
2. Phi/Png phdp nghidn cdu
- Sd dung phuong phdp thue nghidm:
+ Xdc lap chd dd phdn tfch Cyclohexane trdn mdy sac
ky khf Shimadzu GC-9A. Ndng dd thap cua hoi Cyclohexan
dupe xdc dinh d cdc dieu kidn thf nghidm theo tidu chuan
BS EN 14387:2004, TCVN 3740-82, tidu chuan Vd sinh
lao ddng 2733/2002/QD-BYT sau ddy:

• Ndng dd cGa cyclohexan trong khdng khf (mg/m3):
3500 ±10%.

4/2012 B'"••"'
AO HO

L A O D0NG

15


KHOA HQC, CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAO

Thiei bl bo lung am

• Ndng dd gidi han cho phdp
eua Cyclohexan (mg/m3): 34,3.
• Luu lupng ddng khf cudn qua
16
binh bay hPi: 153,3 mL/ph.
r.
'-3
• Nhidt ddbd didu nhidt: 35,40,
45,50,55°C.
r
SV5
+ Sd dung phuong phdp ngoai
tj
' 22
svi

chud'n vd edn trpng lupng dd xdc
SV3
SV4 /
-C-'
18 18
dinh ndng dd hoi Cyclohexan vd
SV6
SV9
Benzene trong ddng khf. Ndng dd
29
28
danh dinh Ct dupe xdc dinh theo
cdng thdc Ct=Am/t.Q (mg/L), trong
dd: Am Id sd miligam dung mdi hiiru
CO bi bay hoi trong thdi gian t (phiit)
vdi luu luong ddng khf pha loang Q
\
(L/ph).
+ Xdc dinh thdi gian bdo vd cua
Hinh 1: Scr d6 nguyin ly he thdng dinh gii PTBVCQHH loc hai hdu c0
hdp Ipc bang thidt bi ddng life ghdp
ndi vdi mdy sac ky khi GC-9A. Thdi
24 Bd Igc hai khi du
12Lirut6ckg
1 l^dyninkhl
gian phdn tfch: 3 phiit phdn tfch 1
13 Van tiit it/u dp chat dgc 25 Budng gd miu
2 B6 lgc hat
28 Bam mdng
14 LiAJ t6c ke

3 Thiet bl lam khd khi
mau.
29 Mdy sic ky khi
16 Budng tron
4 Van dieu dp
+ Thdi gian ed tac dung bao vd
30Binht>ayhai
17 Van didn tif 5
5 Apk^
(T) (phut) tfnh theo cdng thdc: T =
31 Bi dieu nhiet
18 Van di€n tir 7
6 Van diiu dp vi chinh
To.Co/Cct, trong dd: To la thdi gian
32 Bq dieu khien.
19 Van dientu 8
7 Apk6
22 86 chuyen dong
11 Vanti&luu
cd tdc dung bao vd d ndng dd CO
(phut), CO : ndng dd tmng binh cua
hoi hffu eo khi tidn hdnh thi nghidm (mg/L), Cet: ndng dd
+ Thdi gian luu cua Benzen: 2,7
cho tmdc eua hoi hffu co (mg/L).
+ Thdi gian luu cua Carbon disulfide CS2:1,4
So dd nguydn ly cua hd thdng ddnh gid PTBVCQHH
Xdy dung dudng chud'n xdc dinh dinh lupng
chf ra trdn Hinh 1.
Cyclohexan:

t^-

r^

• ' ; >

Dudng chuan 1 cua Cyclohexan xdc djnh dupe eac
miu cd ndng dd td 20 ^ 200 mg/m^, dudng chuan 2 xac
1. Nghien cdu xdy dUng quy trinh phdn tfch ndng
dinh dupe cdc miu ed ndng dd td 200-7000 mg/m^ Ket
dd hoi Cyclohexan trong ddng khf
qud dupe bidu didn trong Hinh 2 vd 3.
- Qua nghidn cUu khdo sdt, da xdc dinh dupe cdc didu
2. Dinh li/Ong ndng dd Cyclohexan ban dau
kidn dd phdn tfch ndng dd Cyclohexan trdn thidt bi sac ky
Bdng 1 cho ta thdy dd Idch giffa hai phuong phdp xac
khf Shimadzu GC-9A nhu sau
dinh ndng dd danh dinh vd ndng dd thuc Id khdng Idn, kdt
+ Khf mang: N2
qud vd phuong phdp phdn tfch dat dd tin eay cao.
+ Tdc dd khf mang:~ 30 l/min
+ Ap suat khdng khf: 0,5 kg/cm^
+ Ap sudt hydro: 1 kg/cm^
Bdng 1: M6i quan hi nhiit dd • nSng dd hai Cyclohexan
+ Detector: FID
Ndng do thuc
Ndng do danh
DO lech giffa
Nhiet ddbd
+ Nhidt dd detector: 250 "C

trung binh do bang
dinh do bang PP
2PPdo,%
difiu nhiet, "C
PPSKK,mg/m3
+ Nhidt dd injector: 200 °C
cdn, mgixv?
+ Cdt tdch: 7GE 221-11368 11 (3,2mm x
2.320
2.261
35
-2,61
3,1m), Moi. Sieve 5A
2.820
2.882
40
2,15
3.316
+ Nhidt dd cdt: 50 °C (dang nhidt)
3.346
45
0,90
3.614
3.667
+ Thd tfch mau bom: l^iL
50
1.45
3.707
3.987
55

7,02 ,
+ Thdi gian luu ciia Cyclohexan: 1,6

m.K£T QUA VA THAO LUAN

16 BSUI HO LAO D0NG 4/2012


KHOA HQC. CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAO

(XIOOO)
(X 100000)
4
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12

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Tl

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8

r: 2
Q

3

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150

200

230

30(

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Non? do '?\''.iohrv.Tii

4
Uviig do'-'ycl

6

8
(XlODO)

'lieinii

Hinh 3: DUdng chuin 2 xic djnh
nSng dd Cyclohexan td200 -^ 7i!7^^ mg/nf.

Hinh 2: DUdng chuin 1 xic dmh
nSng dp Cyclohexan td20 v- 200 mg/rrf.

250,00
Cl

140,00

•f, 200,00
E

120,00

100,00

—

80,00

>>

u
«•
•«
z

-- - -

>> 100,00
o
o.

60,00
40,00

^

20,00

z

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160,00

lohexan,

hexa

n
E
°5)
E
e'

78

<^

j

80

82

^

84

86

Th£ri gian, phut

Hinh 4: Ket qua dinh gii hop Igc loai 1

88

50,00

-

-

70

-

^

75

80

85

90

95

100

105

110

115

Thd"! gian, phiit

Hinh 5: Kit qua dinh gii hop Igc loai 2

Dieu kidn thfch hpp de dinh lupng ndng
dp hPi Cyclohexan trong ddng khf theo tidu
Bang 2: Dac diem cua hop Ipc vi dieu Iden dinh gia
chuan da dupe xdc dinh Id:
Hop Ipc loai 2
Hop Ipc loai 1
Ndi dung
- Nhidt dp bd dieu nhidt: 500C
Luu luong ddng khf qua binh bay hoi:
Dae diem - Dudng kfnh D = 80mm - Dudng kfnh D = 80mm
H
=
38
mm
Chidu
eao

153,3 mL/ph.'
- Chidu eao H = 34 mm
3. Xdc djnh thdi gian bao ve cua hop
-Khdi lupng m = 92,18g - Khdi lupng m = 95,5g
loc
Ndng dd Cyclohexan
- Ndng dd Cyclohexan
Nhdm nghidn cUu da tap trung vdo vide
Dieu kidn dau vdo: 3620 mg/m^
dau vdo: 3702 mg/m^
ddnh
gid thd nghidm khd nang bdo vd cua hdp
ddnh gid
Ndng dd Cyclohexan
Ndng dp Cyclohexan
Ipc vdi hPi Cyclohexan vd lua chpn ddnh gid 2
dau ra: 34,3 mg/m^
dau ra: 34,3 mg/m^
loai hdp Ipc do Hdn Qudc san xuat, dudi ddy
Bang 3: So sanli Icet qua dinh gii thdi gian co tac dung bio ve tam gpi Id hdp Ipc loai 1 ,vd loai 2 (xem Bang 2).
Kdt qud ddnh gid dupe dua ra d Hinh 4,5.
cua hop Igc cOa Vien BHLD va KOSHA - HQ
Ta xdc dinh dupe thdi didm Ipt qua tai ndng
Kdt qua ddnh gid cua
Kdt qud ddnh gid
Loai hdp Ipc
dd xdc dinh cGa hdp Ipc loai 11d 83 phut, cDa
KOSHA - HQ (phut)
CLia De tdi (phut)
hdp Ipc loai 2 Id 94 phut. Thdi gian bao vd cija

84,5
86
Hdp Ipc loai 1
hdp Ipc dng vdi ndng dd dau vdo theo tidu
101
100
Hdp Ipc loai 2
chuan dupe tfnh theo cdng thdc T = To.Co/Cct,

4/2012

Tf p chi

BAO HO LAO D0NG

17


KHOA HQC, CONG NGHE - CHUYEN GIAO

r
LANH DAO TAP CHJ BHLD THAM VA J A N G
QUA CHO NGUfin LAI TAU D O N G CAM
Ngdy 22/3/2012, trong khudn khd cdc hoat ddng
hudng dng Tudn Id Qudc gia vd AT-VSLD, PCCN Idn
thd 14 ndm 2012, lanh dao Tap chf Bdo Hd Lao Ddng
cung dai didn CD XN Ddu mdy Hd Ndi dd ddn tham,
tang qud anh Tofong Xudn Thdc - ngudi dupe nhdn
Hudn chuong dung cdm do Chu tich Nude trao tang vd
hdnh ddng xd thdn cdu 300 hdnh khdch di tdu.

Cdch ddy gdn 2 ndm, ngdy 6/8/2010, dodn tdu
TN6 td TP. Hd Chf Minh ra Hd Ndi dd va cham vdi mdt
xe tdi chd cdt khi xe tdi bdt ngd bang qua dudng tdu.Anh
Truong Xudn Thdc, khi dd Id ldi tdu da xd thdn gid chat
cdn hdm gidm tdc dodn tdu (thay vi chf gat cdn ham rdi
lui ngudi lai). Hdnh ddng eua anh da khidn anh md't di
mdt phdn thdn thd, nhung da ddm bdo dupe an todn
cho hon 300 hdnh khdch trdn tdu.
Hidn tai, cudc sdng eua gia dinh anh du cd khd
khan, vdt vd, bdn thdn anh trdn co thd cd nhidu vdt
thuong, bi mat mdt phan cdnh tay trdi, nhdng hdm trdi
gid, trd trdi lai khidn anh phdi vdt ldn vdi nhdng eon
dau hanh ha nhung anh ludn tdm nidm ldi day eua Bdc

Hd "tdn nhung khdng phd", sdng cd y nghTa vd gdp fch
eho ddi.
Tdi thdm anh, Idng nghe anh chia se nhOng khd khan,
nhdng tam ti; nguyen vong cua anh trong cuoc song, dai
didn Cong doan XN Dau may Ha Noi khSng dinhi CB va
lanh dao XN se luon ben anhi, giup da anti trong cuoc
sdng
Trong dip nay, Dai dien lanh dao Tap chi Bao Hp
Lao Dong trao tang anh phan qua 1 tneu dong va mong
anh vaot qua nhCrng kho khan cua cuoc song, luon xung
ddng la tam gi/ong sang ve hanh dong dung cam, quen
thdn cLfu nguail-l

J

V.

trong dd Cet = 3500 mg/m3, TO = 83 phut, CO = 3620 mg/
ml
Vdi hdp Ipc loai 1 vd 2 ta cd thdi gian bdo vd dng vdi
ndng dd ddu vdo theo tidu chudn lan luot Id: Tl=83*3620/
3500 = 85,8 ^ 86 phdt; T2= 94*3702/3500 = 99,5 H- 100
phut.
Ddi chidu kdt qud ddnh gid thdi gian cd tdc dung
bdo vd cua cdc hdp Ipc hoi hdu co ndi trdn dupe d i n ra
trong Bdng 3.

IV. K£T LUAN
- Da thidt Idp ehd dd phdn tfch Cyclohexan trdn mdy
saekykhfGC-9A;
- Da dinh lupng dupe ndng dd hPi Cyclohexan ban
dau trong ddng khf theo tidu chudn BS EN 14387:2004,
TCVN 3740-82, tidu chudn Vd sinh lao ddng 2733/2002/
QO-BYT theo cd hai phuong phdp cdn xdc dinh ndng dd
danh dinh vd phuong phdp sac ky khf xdc dinh ndng dd
thuc vdi dd Idch gida 2 phuong phdp Id khdng ddng kd
vd phu hpp vdi didu kidn thidt bi cda phdng thf nghidm
An todn hda chat thudc Vidn BHLD
- Da tidn hdnh ddnh gid thd nghidm khd nang bdo
vd cua hdp Ipc vdi hPi Cyclohexan vd cho kdt qud tin cdy.

18

Tf p cM

BAO HO LAO DONG

4/2012

Tdi ligu tliam khdo

1. Nghien cuu xdc dmh thai gian bao ve cua lap than hoat tinh
vdi hai benzen b^ng phuang phip s^c ky khi. Tac gia: Bui V^n Tai,
Nguyin Hung Phong Trung tam KHKT-CNQS. 9'2006.
2. Nghien aru mot so loai PTBVCQI-II^ cho NLD lam viec trong
diSu l(ien tiep xuc vdi hoa cha! doc hai dang swang. Ma so: 204/5
TLD,feegia: TS D^ng Quoc Nam Vien nghien cuu KHKT BHLD.
3. Nghien aru, thiet ke. che tao thiet bi cap khi doc c6 kha nang
chdng Sn mon va dn dmh trong cac he thong thir nghiem. Ma so: 207/
05/TLD. Vien n/c KHKT Bao ho Lao dong.
4. irng dung sSc ky khi nghien ciru dudng cong thdat ciia ha
hCtu CO tren than hoat tinh. Tic gii: Le Huy Du • tap chi Hda hoc, tap
23,Hi Noi 1985.
5. Sic ky khi - Ca sa ly thuyet va cic ky thuat ip dung. Tic gia
: Nguyen Hung Viet. NXB KHKT 2005.
6. Tieu chuan TCVN 3741-82.
7. Tieu chuSn BS EN 13784 : 2002
B. Tieu chuan Ve sinh cho phep so 3733-2002, BoVte.
9. Cyclohexane as an Alternative Vapor of Comment
(^rbonTetrachloride for the Assessment of Gas Removing Capaci
ties of Gas Mask. Mitsuya FURUSE1, Seiichiro KANNO, Tsug
TAKANO and Yoshimi MATSUMURA, Japan 2000.
10. The Wheeler-Jonas equation: a versatile tool for the predic
tion of carbon bed breakthrough times. P. Lodewyckx, G.O. V/oo
S.K. Ryu; Carbon 42 (2004)1351-1355.U