Báo cáo khoa học đánh giá tiềm năng du lịch tỉnh kon tum

VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM

HOI DIA LY VTET NAM

D A N H GIA T I E M N A N G DU L I C H T I N H K O N T U M
Thdi Huynh Anh Chi'

1. DAT VAN DE
La mgt tinh cue bac Tay Ngu)en, Kon Tum dugc thien nhien ban tang cho canh
quan dac sac. hoa trong sac xanh cua nhting canh rirng nguyen sinh bat ngan la khi trdi,
sac nude tao nen mgt ve dep rieng ciia niii rirng Tay Nguyen. Ciing vdi dd la sy cd mat
cua hon 20 dan tdc anh em sinh sdng tii' bao ddi nay vdi nhung ban sac van boa dgc dao
qua nep song net ngudi va hau nhu chua he bi lai tap bdi nhung anh hudng ngoai lai.
Tat ca tao cho vimg dat nay mdt hoi thd rieng day sue quyen ru - la tiem nang de khai
thac phat trien du lich.
Hien nay. du Ijch tinh Kon Tum \an dang dung lai d budc dau hinh thanh.
Nhung chi so danh gia sy phat trien ciia nganh (doanh thu. sd lugt khach. nguon lao
dgng. CO' sd vat chat ky thuat...) con rat khiem ton. Phan Idn ngudn tai nguyen van dang
d dang tiem nang. Cac boat dgng du ljch cbi mang tinb ty phat, manh mun, chua dugc
quy hoach ddng bg, quan ly va phat trien tuong xirng. Nham tao co' sd cho viec djnh
hudng phat trien du ljch tinh nha. ddnh gid ngudn tdi nguyen du lich la mdt viec lam
CO y nghia bet sue quan trgng; tii' do gdp phan vao sy phat trien kinh te - xa hdi chung
cua mdt tinh mien mil nhu Kon Tum.
II. KHAI QUAT TAI NGUYEN DU LICH

TINH

KON TUM

L Vj tri chien luoc quan trong
Kon Tum cd mdt vi tri dat dja, la chiec cau ngan nhat ndi Tay Nguyen vdi cac

vimg lan can va cac nude ban lang gieng (Lao - Campuchia). Dac biet, nhirng nam gin
day sy cd mat ciia tuyen dudng mdi - dudng mdn Hd Chi Minh va sy nang cip tuyin
qudc Id 14 la true dudng Bac - Nam quan trgng cho pbep Kon Turn giao luu phat triln,
pha the '"dc dao" ciia tinh ly nay. Ngoai ra mgt sd tuyen dudng Ddng Tay, QL 24 (nil
Kon Tum vdi Quang Ngai), QL 40 (noi Kon Tum vdi Atdpo - Lao)...ia dilu kien quan
trgng de du lich Kon Tum phat trien trong thdi ky hgi nhap.
2. Gia trj sinh thai da dang, dac trung
Vimg dat nay la noi Trudng Son Dong va Trudng Son Tay gap nhau, noi ning
va mua giao boa de tao nen nhung canh quan thien nhien ddc dao. Dja hinh cd su phan
boa da dang. Phan Idn lanh thd Kon Tum thap din tir tay sang ddng va tir bic xudng
nam. Vung phia bac tinb cd day niii Hoa Cuong cao nhat miln Nam; dinh Nggc Linh
2.598m, dinh Nggc Phan 2.251 in. Day la noi bit ngudn cua cac he thing song (sdng
Tranh, song Thu Bon, sdng Tra Khuc, sdng Ba) cimg vdi nhilu thac nude dep va hip
dan. cac )'eu to nay klidng chi cd gia trj noi bat trong mdi trudng du Ijch, gdp phin cai tao
\'i khi hau ma cdn la ddi tugng du ngoan ket hgp vdi cac doi tugng du Ijch khac xung
quanh. Dja hinh nay thip dan, va ket thuc d phia Nam la mgt thung lung tho mong ben
dong Dak bia. Khi hau Kon Tum thugc viing nhiet ddi gid miia cao nguyen. Nhiet do
Khoa Dia li - truong DH D6ng Thap
200

Hdi nghi Khoa hgc Dia ly Todn qud'c Id'n tb&S - Hd Ndi, 2010


VIEN DIA LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM

HOI DIA LY VIET NAM

trung binh trong nam dao dgng trong khoang 22 - 23 C, bien do nbiet do dao dgng
trong ngay 8 - 9 "C. Mgt ngay d Kon Tum thdi tiet thay doi theo 4 miia, mgt nam co 2
nuia ro ret, Kon Tum co tren 50% dien tich la rirng, be thdng cac vudn qudc gia, khu bao

ton thien nhien rgng Idn d day con giir dugc dang ve nguyen so, bao tdn dugc nhieu loai
ddn" tlurc vat Ion, quy hiem. Tat ca nhung uu dai ma thien nhien da ban tang cho viing dat
nay tao nen mgt ve dep cd sire tbu but Idn doi vdi du khach trong nude va qudc te.
3. Gia trj Ijch su', van hoa dan tgc doc dao
Theo ngdn ngir Ba Na thi Kon la lang, Tum la bo va Kon Tum co nghia la Lang
Ho, bdi xua kia khu vyc nay da tirng cd mgt bd ldn. Day la trung tam banh chinb cii ciia
Phap d Tay Nguyen. Cac co dao Phap da den day tir nam 1851. Noi ddy co nhieu di tich
nil tiing da di vao Ijch sir dau tranh hao himg cua dan tgc. Nhu cac di tich nguc Kon
Tum, nguc Dak lei; cac di tich chien truong xua: Dak Td - Tan Canh, san bay Phugng
Hoang, ddi Charlie, Plei Kan, Ben Het, dudng mdn Hd Chi Minh...Ngoai ra, cdn cd mgt
sl cong trinh kien triic nhu cbiia chien, chung vien, nha thd vdi Idi kien triic dgc dao.
La tinb hien c6 hon 20 dan tdc sinh sdng, 51%o ddn sd ciia tinh la ddng bao dan tdc
it ngudi, nhieu nhat la Ba Na, Xo Dang, Gie Trieng, Gia Rai, B' Rau, Ro' Man... Phan Idn
cac dan tgc thieu sd sdng bang nghe lam nuong ray va san ban. Kon Tum cd mgt nen van
hda da dang, nhieu mau sac ciia cdng ddng cac dan tgc Tay Nguyen. Den Kon Tum, du
khach se dugc sdng trong nhung ban lang dan tgc, ngam nhting mai Nha Rdng cao vut,
tham dy nhting le hgi van boa truyen thong (nhu: le hdi cdng chieng, le dam trau, le hdi
miing nude gigt, le bd ma, le miing liia mdi...) cua ngudi dan tgc dja phuong mang day
man sac huyen bi, bap dan. Cimg vdi le bgi la am thanh cua tieng cdng chieng, nhung
dieu nuia xoang dan gian vdi sac phuc dam tinh dan tgc, nhfrng che rugu can, nhung mon
an dac san mang huong vj cua niii riing... tao nen mdt ban sac rieng.
III. DANH GIA TIEM NANG DU LICH TINH KON TUM
Tiem nang du Ijch tinb Kon Tum kha phong phu, cho phep td chuc nhieu loai hinh du
Ijch kliac nhau: du lich mao hiem, du Ijch sinh thai, du Ijch van hda,... Tuy nhien, nguon tai
nguyen nay pluin bd kha rai rac va ban nhu chua dugc dau tu nhieu, do dd viec danh gia
ngudn tai nguyen de cd the xac djnh dirge trgng diem dau tu la mgt viec lani cd y nghia quan
trong. Cd nhieu phirong phap de danh gia ngudn tai nguyen, trong do nhan thay phuong phap
thang diem tong hgp la mdt phirong phap klia phd bien. Phuong phap nay cho phep lugng
hda qua trinh nghien ciru cac ddi tugng kliong gian chiu su chi phdi cua nhieu yeu td thanh
phan, tir dd danh gia khach quan ddi tugng qua nhting thang diem; dya tren nhirng thang diem

cu the nay cho phep ngirdi nghien cim de dang xep bang, phan loai ddi tugng.
1. Xay dung cac tieu chi va thang diem danh gia
I.I Xdy dung cdc tiiu chi ddnh gid tdi nguyen du lich tinh Kon Tum
- Theo mgt sd tac gia da nghien ciiu danh gia cac diem du Ijch theo thang diem
tdng hgp, khi danh gia mdt diem du Ijch thudng diing tir 5- 7 tieu chi khac nhau. Vdi ddi
tugng la du Ijch tinh Kon Tum cac tieu chi de danh gia dilm du lich dugc lya chgn la:
+ Do hap dan va kha nang ket hgp nhieu loai hinh du ljch.
+ Vj tri, kha nang tiep can dilm du Ijch
+ Do ben vung ciia tai nguyen.
Hdi ngbi Khoa bgc Dia ly Todn qud'c Ian tb&S- Hd Ndi, 2O10

201


HOI DIA LY VIET NAM

VIEN D L \ LY • VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM

-1- Sue chira cua diem du lich
•+• Thdi gian boat dgng du ljch
- Moi tieu chi se danh gia qua 4 bac diem: 4 - Tot, 3 - Kha. 2 - Trung binh, I Kem vdi nhirng cbi tieu cu the cho moi bac diem.
- Vi muc do quan trgng ciia mli tieu chi trong viec danh gia tai ngu)'en, can xac
dinb trgng s l khac nhau cho moi tieu cbi lbeo cap do it quan trgng dan la 3 - 2 - 1, theo
do trgng sd ciia cac tieu chi la:
-I- Do hap dan. kha nang ket bgp nhieu loai hinh du Ijch: he sd 3
-I- Vi tri. kha nang tiep can diem du lich: be so 2
-I- Do ben vung ciia tai nguyen: be so 2
+ Sire cbiia cua diem du lich: be sd 1
+ Thdi gian boat ddng du Ijch: he so 1
1.2 Thang diim ddnh gid

Diem danh gia bao gom so diem danh gia rieng cua tirng tieu cbi cu the va diem
danh gia tong hgp
- Diem danh gia rieng cua tirng tieu chi la sd diem cu the cua miic danh gia
nhan vdi be sd ciia tieu chi do.
- Diem danh gia tdng hgp ciia mgt diem du ljch cu the nao dd la long sd diem
cua cac tieu cbi.
Bdng ddnh gid tdng hgp diem tai nguyin du lich
Stt

Tieu chi

1

Do hap dan, kha nang ket hgp nhieu loai
hinh du lich

2

Bac so

He so
1

2

3

4

3

->
J

6

9

12

Vi tri, kha nang tiep can

2

2

4

6

8

3

Do ben vung cua tai nguyen

2

2

4

6

8

4

Sue chua diem du lich

1

1

2

3

4

5

Thdi gian boat dong du lich

1

1

2

3

4

9

18

27

36

Diem tong hop

Tu dd, xac djnh dugc diem cao nhat cho mdt tieu chi va diem danh gia tdng hgp
cao nhat. Trong thang danh gia nay, diem cao nhat cho mdi tieu chi la 12 va diem thap
nhat la 1. Diem danh gia tdng hgp ciia mgt diem du Ijch cao nhat la 36 va thap nhat la 9.
2. Lua chgn cac diem du Ijch de danh gia
2.1 Ca sd lua chgn diem thinh gid
Trong nhieu cac diem co kha nang phat trien du ljch phan bd rai rac khap dja ban tinh
tir trung tam thanh pho den cac huyen vimg xa, viec lua chgn cac diem de tien hanh danh gia
the hien sy dong bd: co ca nluing diem tai nguyen ty nhien phat trien du lich va nhung dilm
the bien tai ngu)'en nhan van phat trien du Ijch; cd ca nhung dilm du ljch d trung tam va
nhirng diem d cac huyen ly, viing xa. Co sd de lya chgn dilm du ljch bao gdm:
202

Hdi nghi Klioa bgc Dia ly Todn qudc ldn tb&S - Hd Ndi, 2010


HOI DIA LY VIET NAM

VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KH&CN VIET NAM

- Dilu kien ty nbien va tai nguyen thicn nhien phat trien du ljch, vi du lich la
naanh hu'dng tai nguyen do do, day la dicu kien lien quyet de quyet djnh viec dau tu,
khai thac phat trit-n du lich.
- Thyc trang khai thac va phat trien du ljch tai moi diem ciing la co sd quan
trong dl xac djnh nbirng thuan Igi va ban cbc Irong boat dgng du lich tir do co nhung
giai phap phat triln dimg lurdng.
- Mgt CO sd quan trgng nira la kha nang phat trien ciia diem du ljch trong tuong
lai. Dilu nay thi hicn qua kha nang kit hgp giira cac diem tai nguyen, nuic do ben virng
tai nouyen va phai dya vao quy hoach long the phat trien kinh te - xa hgi ciia tinb nha
cimg nhu quy hoach phat triln nganh du Ijch ciia dja phuong.
2.2 Nhirng diim tlu lich du'tfc lira chgn de ddnh gid
- Nguc Kon Tum (Thanh pho Kon Tum)
- Nha thd G6 (Thanh pho Kon Tum)
- Lang cl Kon K'tu (xa Dak Ro Wa - Thanh phd Kon Tum)
- Vudn quIc gia Chu Mon Ray (Hu)en Sa Thay va Huyen Nggc Hoi)
- Khu danh thing Mang Den (Huyen Kon Plong)
- Di tich ljch sir chiln thang Dak Td - Tan Canh (Huyen Dak Td)
3. Danh gia cac diem du ljch tinh Kon Tum
Dya vao cac tieu chi cu the ciia moi chi tieu, tien hanh danh gia va cho diem tai
moi diem du Ijch (diem tir I den 4).
Dilm thanh phin ciia mdi lieu cbi la diem danh gia nhan vdi he sd cua tieu chi do.
Tir dd, cd diem tong hgp la long cac diem thanh phan
Ban" diim ddnh gid cdc diem du lich tinh Kon Tum
Diem thanh phan
Diem du lich

Vjtri

dja Iy

Do hap dan

Siic chiia

Do ben
vung

Thdi

Tong

gian hoat

diem

dong

1. Nguc Kon Tum

8

6

1

2

4

21

2. Nha thd Go

8

9

2

8

4

31

3. Lang Kon Kiu

6

9

3

4

3

25

4. VQG Chu Mom
Ray
5. Mang Den

4

9

4

6

2

25

2

12

4

8

3

29

6. Di tich Dak To Tan canh

2

6

3

4

3

18

Dya vao diem tdng bgp, tien hanh xac djnh mii'c do gia trj cua cac diem du lich
qua bang ,xep loai cac tieu chuin nhu sau:

Hdi nghi Khoa bgc Dia ly Todn qud'c lan tb&S-Hd

Ndi, 2010

203


HOI DIA L'Y VTET NAM

VIEN DIA LY - VIEN KHOCN VIET NAM

-I- Diem du ljch cd y nghia qudc gia: Diem sd >25 diem
+ Diem du Ijch co y nghia viing: Diem so tir 20 - 25 diem
-I- Diem du ljch cd y nghia dja phuong: Diem sd nhd hon 20

- Theo do, phan loai cac diem du lich tinh Kon Tum
XEP LOAI

TEN
1. Nguc Kon Tum

Diem du 1 ch cd y nghia vimg

2. Nha thd Gd

Diem du 1 ch cd y nghia qudc gia

3. Lang cd Kon K'tu

Diem du 1 ch cd y nghia vimg

4. Vudn qudc gia Chu Mon Ray

Diem du 1cb cd y nghia vimg

5. Khu danh thang Mang Den

Diem du ljch cd y nghia qudc gia

6. Di tich Dak Td - Tan Canh

Diem du 1 ch cd y nghia dia phuong

Nhu vay, qua viec nghien cuu va danh gia tai nguyen du ljch tinh Kon Tum cho
phep nhin nhan kha nang phat trien nganh cdng nghiep xanh nay d mirc do toan dien,

dung dan. Ddng thdi, viec danh gia qua phuong phap thang diem tdng hgp vdi nhixng
ket qua cu the nhu tren se la co sd khach quan cho viec djnh hudng dau tu mdt each co
trgng tam va kbai thac hieu qua ngudn tai nguyen san cd phat trien du lich ndi rieng va
day manh kinh te ciia tinh nha noi chung.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. Vien nghien cuu phat trien du ljch, Ca sd cho viec xdy dung tuyin, diim du lich,
HaNgi, 1996.
2. Tong cue du Ijch, Bdo cdo tdng hgp quy hogch tdng the phdt trien du lich vimg du
lich Nam Trung Bg vd Nam Bg (din ndm 2010 vd dinh huang din 2020), tdng cue
du Ijch, Ha Ngi, 2000.
3.

204

UBND tinh Kon Tum, Kon Tum trin dudng phdt triin, NXB Chinh tri quoc gia, 2005.

Hdi ngbi Kboa bgc Dia ly Todn qudc lan tb&S - Hd Ndi, 2010