Những hiểu biết chung về VOCs. Thực trạng nghiên cứu về vấn đề ở trên thế giới và Việt Nam


KHOA MÔI TRƯỜNG
---------***---------

TIỂU LUẬN
KIỂM SOÁT Ô NHIỄM KHÔNG KHÍ VÀ TIẾNG ỒN
Đề tài: ‘Những hiểu biết chung về VOCs. Thực trạng nghiên cứu
về vấn đề ở trên thế giới và Việt Nam.’
Hà Nội, tháng 5 năm 2011


KHOA MÔI TRƯỜNG
---------***---------
TIỂU LUẬN
KIỂM SOÁT Ô NHIỄM KHÔNG KHÍ VÀ TIẾNG ỒN
Đề tài: ‘Những hiểu biết chung về VOCs. Thực trạng nghiên cứu
về vấn đề ở trên thế giới và Việt Nam.’
GV: Trần Thị Thanh Thủy
Sinh viên thực hiện: Mai Duy Khánh
Lớp: Địa sinh thái k53


Hà Nội, tháng 5 năm 2011


Các nội dung chính
 !"#$%
&'()*')+ ,"-./%
I. Những hiểu biết chung về VOCs
I.1 VOCs là gì?
"#"01.12#'.0/304$%"#.

5
/4
5
1.
6
.
6
/178
5
98
5
3.
:
;
:

7
<
8=>
5
.
5
.?1)'0@>@A
:
1.
6
/>)<//>'78
6
%"#7
5

;
:
1.
6
.
:
0
:
.;
:
0
:
B.'0C.?8';
:
.%D=.
<
1;< .
6
0@>@A
:
C)
6
10.
5

"#0
:
@.
E
F1)@)

:
1.
5
 8
:
.0F
5
B@)
:
 8
:
.
:
3GH@.
:
'0@>
@A
:
.
5
0'..
:
8
5
3;
:
/8
:
%>
5

$B98
5
30
:
>
6
B))C/>
5
$B@.
:

@>=>
5
.
5
1F
:
/%"A
:
4
5
I>
5
J.
E
./ K.=78
5
F
:
L0

:
)
E
.
E
'.@>@A
:
.
:
"#%
?)C
5
/K"#78
6
4
6
=0
:
=)
:
98
5
3.
:
;
:
7
<
8=>
5

.
5
.?
'0@>@A
:
M;
:
3.
:
K.
:
$.
E
3;
E
/40078
6
)
:
.
5
0CN.
5
7.
:

4/>012CM?122 .
6
4/>MF8/1.J2'O1.J2'2'P%'0J.
:

'Q1)@)
:
=)
E
.
5
0.
6
18
:
3$8C"#.
E
'.K$81.
6
>
E
.
:
8
5
3;
:
7
<
8.?
80.
:
'.KJ.
:
'Q$8C0.

5
'K78
:
%"#=78
5
=0R=8 
5
'./STA
:
%
I.2 Nguồn gốc
I.2.1 Nguồn gốc tự nhiên
.$BU"#$3U$K& V%+W,F/XYYZ[O\Y[
Y
./P$'.K& V%
]Y^
U,3GW1,$03'22C$03'221,/_,
Y
3G?4'0.'04`.?8=7a& Vb'. +$B17a1+%_4c-
d.c1,/e3U'./(/fK!10,& V%UcbK& Vg
b7hh!?BCN(7-=_CXJ?=gi1-.?8CF
'7hCjU$U/k'lJ?=gi1-$ma3%nUM(Mb?'.G7
oK1UCKU19@W')1U%_X/cWd."#$1,232%2321,
X/?4'0.'0@>07lX>*1,O
Z

p
P

%232 ,U4qMc

*.0Md.r7lX'0JbC1UC0. ,'`d.& V%
I.2.2 Nguồn gốc nhân tạo
  ! V1-M;?4&7$8C@204UC U7lC ,('G3U'.
s0'/.142?42C1,/007lg@WW ,@>0b/U%t0'/.142?42
17a@WbK91,'0@0b[C[[C[u33/%_v/78=B.0 ,-=_
.003w33Ub'.!s0'/.142?42K?)1-9%t0'/.142?421,
/_@W.?@>/,C3Ubd?1,KU$b3v/ Uw31,/K(&.
')@4W'0U V1-M;?4&CKUg=B7=x.4y(?R
.$C1j$7hC V4y'.'W_c7>U-C bCb/C , V
1-'b$,,z$b3v/c? ,/{3v/%t0'/.142?42x=_c3'0
@>@WX;?@W*/|C/L ,}CX@bF;?b?7+/|C|
8 ,0%~x=_.0CXX;?b/Ux> ,@Xh%8J.JB
 !)*•7OP3;10(s0'/.142?42_X/cX
;?7%
0,'.jX!x"#$'0Uj., F3jC'0=X.0x/
=x_c/+C3d7lC ,g F3j7/U?30003?%>-3
$bMcc$83d!/kC404e!4/>*.Uc84`.?
8=€;?)>`//>'7l%F/Y••Z;‚=€$bMc ,)y
@0bƒCZ'-cC78*X[CY'-c"#b'.%j')+-
.?17a$8)y ,0@0bƒ'-c%~U10($88>7lC

,/17ac'|/Yƒ„C3Gj1(d?1,"#78=78…[[pu[
S1%
]^
8/9r.X/_/e=k'7CB7/9X.?X/_4c
;')C ,X@>.?=m.?b@r.?$.=_F@U%
+@0.}'R=_ VX rC7_C$XC78 ,b07lCX/e
8=k'7=7aJ?=g'022%e8r3rV'./_U
'0=U/=>CV/W'0 -Q/(Q%e8=7aJ?=g/_
3GhU22=X .'jJ.'}=B +-/`4g ,=7aQ/c?

'03G1+=_ VXM78$B%> !/e=7a'?!@|38
>J.U4g1†77+ ,/x>%4g1†,?*.!
a3c84`.?8X@bFb3X/e%7lKV3
.0'0/_F3j† ,@WXb/V=7a$&x(d.Ua3
c84`.?8%
"#$=7a$'.KU0(=_$0(,,?'0.=QCX'0U
$b3v/v?'H..?c1,/1(%rjX'0>-1,/$(@>d.
U,>-3%U,>-3$H4yUx)1-X.
((0'."#$'&3KU$b3v/7MFC4G‡0kU3KU$b
3v/3y7@Wb>>%07l$bMc3Ub@0bY[„/*3Ub
d.&)C) -(1, >e@X@F%%
II. Thực trạng nghiên cứu vấn đề trên thế giới và Việt Nam
II.1 Trên thế giới
"c=!>`//>'7lC=k-1,$&$?b/c17a@>@W-=.
1,/BJ.;/,=G')+Cc1,(UJB.X!>-3
3U'%_17a1+Ua3c84`.?8@U."#$=7ab
,0@W J?,,?%'0F/G=;?C7ˆ03w3d.,/
17a"#$'0@Wb=€=7ab/MB'c!l91&W&
d.+'0 -b0 -/>'7l%W3dU7+=.,?,|
ƒ
kUJ?=g1)J.=,/17aUc;?>`/'0Ux@W
b'./>'7l%
Hoa Kỳ
"#$1,a33U320J?=g(U1V@U. ,/€$B20=X}.,
UJ?=g%8J.‰b0 ->'7l0.DŠO‹nPJ?=g"#'0@>
@WC7+ ,=c%U(01V7+B.0,&-.0x//_4.$U
X€"#$3bXUc8 ,=7am=g%0,7+BC"#$
=7aJ?=g(7+GMH1ŒOMH1Œ7+b ,MH1Œ7+/7.PCcb?
(C•hT.0=_0.@Š. !!-3d./Q ,.0,Jb1Œ$*@†2
O#•PJ?=g"#3Mrh81,/ -%Ua3c84`.?8X

c=_($f=7aJ?=ghUy0,"V1-=_(%
0.DŠ)
5
.?C178
5
"#0
:
'0$8=78
5
J?=
5
8
E
;
:
31).1.
6
Z[
'./S1A
:
C .
6
$2
<
1.
6
Y[['./S1A
:
$..
6

?[Y[Y[YY%Ž.)
6
V3)CKF/
Y••Z[[•C178
5
"#'0$8=.
<
b/4GK•Z[MBZ…[•uZ[•ƒ[[•Y[[•
Z[ .
6
/8
:
=;?C .
6
0F/[[p[[•';
:
)
6
.
<
$8=.
<
.
6
>'0 )
5
$.
E

M;

:
'.7
<
40
6
$8@>X"#%
u
Ua3c84`.?8O"#P1,/_/BJ.;/Wd.8J.‰b0
->'7lO‹nP ,@>@W=7abU0 !$&?/')0,7+
{%T,/_?B(0)0‘02C/_c;?>`/@>@W>7l/,
=€=7a*/1,;??/?>_%Ua3c84`.?
8$f3b* +$&X/kd.U$U/k'l +U0M8O#MP=(0
,>‘>%#‘02,?XF17ac3@a3 +U(/gd.y ,U V
1-@U ,X33GQ,$78@X%'0$78/e=XX*.0‘0O#
ƒ
PC
.1=2?C320M?.M2?1'. ,/_17a†Uc0M?X.%nb*J.X.
}47+U4yd.80M3;d?4/>8(0'.U;0M?
X.I
"#’U$U’#

’#

“”#
ƒ
’#’#

’

0,'.'03b*').jc?$b3v/$'.jXb#


10(@W;?
-7a-*,@W%
'0@0‘02'0@>@W3W.')1,X1aC0‘02h/k=c1,0,0,
7a1(%G>‘>d.@WJ?r3b0 -r.@†?/d..&
W//k'lC?)@rhG.Q20U)*‹nX0(=_
7/_c@WW3mC;?'. c=!$*@†20cb$&$BC.0x/b
=_ V ,& V% )*,?0c?Wh@>@W +x=_
0‘02')U)vc17a@>@W$f;?'G/'})/U'-
*d.7lg-3m ,47l7Fi1-U/|-$?`%
0,'.jXR*0c?@w04,3Mr +>‘>;?(1;4,=
/>3m ,b'h0(=_d.-B/`4g%
.1s0'.1,.=G).,1V(U_4"#'0$8 ,
c3d%2•–0'@C2•—2'$2?C2M.$.4'‘0.=€./..1s0'. +3U3
1V@ &d.')}C ,4&@$f$+/XU.@Ue./.%
20'?!BCUJ?|/>'7ld..1s0'.=€=k7)0UJ?
Z