Quan niệm của thanh niên về đồng tiền PGS TS phan thị mai hương

QUAN NIEM CUA THANH NIEN
VE DONG TIEN
PGS.TS. Phan Thj Mai Hi/ong

Gidm doc Tiling Idm Tdm ly hoc Ihirc nghiem. Vien Tdm ly hoc.

Nghien ct'ni ve quan niem ciia thanh nien ve dong lien duoc Ihuc hien vdi 714
thanh nien ti( 16-30 tudi Igi 4 tmh thanh cho Ihay, gidi tie ngdy nay hieu duoc gid tri
ctia dong tien. \'cti hp. tien hgc co gid tri ihuc te', lio khdng dong nhdt gid tri ciia con
ngudi yd gid tri cua ticii bac. cung nhu khong ddng nhdt tien hac vdi hanh phuc tinh
yiu. Tuy nhien. ho thdy ducyc vai trd quan trgng ctia lien hac Irong viec lao ra nhiing
dieu kien cho hgnh phiic. Thanh men ddnh gid cao viec lao ddng de cd lien vd de
khang dinh gid Iri ciia bdn ihdn Ho khdng chdp nhdn kie'm tien bdng mpi cdch vd
quan Idm de'n cdch kiem tien bon Id so lien kie'm dupc Quan diem ve cdch kie'm lien
lo ra khd .xa la vdi thanh nien hgc sinh cudi cdp. Gidi tre ung hp viec vay lien cho mu
dich hoat ddng Idnh manh (cdng viec, hgc hanh, benh lat, xdy nhd) nhimg cho rdng,
vay cho muc dich thu hudng Id sai trdi. Trong quan niem ve tieu tien, thanh nien
khong ling ho viic chi lieu thoang md mudn chi tieu phu hpp tui tien cua minh. Hg
nhin nhdn rang, trong cdc khodn chi Idn thi rdt cdn su tu vdn cua ngudi cd kinh
nghiem. Cdch iigliT ve viec kiem tien cung nhu lieu tien phdn hda theo Ida ludi, trinh
do hpc vdn vd gidi tinh nhung khdng phdn biet theo khu vUc ndng thdn hay thdnh thi.
Tit l(li6a: Quan niem ve dong tien: Thanh nien; Kiem tien; Tieu tien.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 251912012: Ngdy duyet dang bdi: 2011012012.
Ma dau
Trong boi canh hien nay, nen kinh te ciia da't nucSc dang co nhiing bude
phat tri^n vuot bac .so vdi th&i ley chien tranh, bao ci'p da dem de'n cho con
ngudi nhOng co hOi va di6u kien d^ cam nhta ro hon gia tri ciia ddi sdng mdi
day dli hon, tien nghi hon. Nhu cau vat chat va tinh than ciia con ngudi ngay
cang tang, dieu dd cang kich thfch hp ti'ch cue hon vdi cac hoat ddng kinh te'
dap ling nhu cSu cua mmh. Trong gudng quay a'y, dong tien hay con ngudi la
trung tam cua hoat ddng la vSn de dang duoc quan tam. Bdi mdt thuc te' la nhd

cd tien ma kinh te' xa hdi duoc phat tri^n, nhd cd tien ma ddi song vat cha'l va
tinh than ciia con ngudi cd chft luong hon, duoc nang cao hon. Nhung cung vi
tien ma nhieu ngudi danh mat biin than minh, bi ddng tien chi phd'i manh me.

TAP CHf TAM Lt HOC, Sd 11 (164), 11 - 2012


thiim chl ddng tien cdn lam chii, dinh hudng hoat ddng mdt bd phan khdng nhd
trong xa hdi chiing ta.
Nghien ciiu nay tim hidu xem thanh niSn ngiy nay quan niSm nhu the'
nao ve gia tri cua tiC'n bac, tidn bac cd lifin quan gi de'n hanh phiic lila ddi hay
khdng. quan nidm vd viec kidm tidn v^ ticu tidn nhu thfi'nSo?
Phuong phiip nghien curu
Nghien ciiu sir dung thidt kd mdt ISn theo lat cat ngang dd tim hidu vd
quan niem ciia thanh nien liicn nay vd ddng lidn. MAu nghidn cu:u la 724 thanh
nien tudi tCr 16 ddn 30 tin 4 tinh, thiinh: Ha Ndi, Thai Nguydn, thanh phd Hd
Chi Mmh va Tidn Giang.
Phuong phap chon mSu khdng ngSu nhien. bdi vao thdi didm nghien cihi
duoc tien hanh tai cac dia phuong. cd nhiing thanh nidn phai di lam an xa. di
liim hay di hpc. Nghien cihi thuc hiOn chon m5u cum: ta't ca thanh nidn cd mat
tai dia phuong trong thdi didm nghien ciiu ddu tham gia tra ldi phieu hoi. Hp
thude du loai thanh phdn: ndng dan, cdng nhan, hoc sinh, ngudi di lam tai cac
CO sd dupc nghi vao thii 7, cac hd kinh doanh cS thd, budn ban nho Id tai gia
dinh, ngudi lam thue gia cdng...
Cdng cu nghien ciiu chinh la bang hoi. Npi dung ciia bing hdi bao gdm
cac thdng tin lien quan den van dd nghien ciiu: quan niem vd ddng tidn, quan
niem vd md'i quan he ciia ddng tidn vdi hanh phiic, quan niem vd kiem tien va
tieu tidn. Ben canh dd, nghidn ciiu sir dung phuong phap phdng van siu nhim
bd sung cho cac thdng tm dinh luong thu thap duoc tii bing hdi vi cac thdng tin
thii cap thu thap tii cac trang mang xa hdi vi trang tin dien tii trong nude.

Ket qua nghien cutu
/. Quan niem cua thanh nien ve gid tri cua tien bac
Quan niem cua thanh nien vd gia tn ciia ddng tien dugc xem xet d cac
md'i quan he ciia tidn vdi cude sdng ciia thanh mdn trong suy nghi cua hp. 6
day de cap den mdt sd md'i quan he ciia tidn vdi gii tri ciia con ngudi (su thanh
dat, gia tri cua lao ddng vi cim nhin hanh phiic trong tinh ydu).
Ke't qui nghien ciiu quan niem ciia thanh nien vd gia tri ciia tidn bac
duoc hidn thj 0 bang dudi day.
Sd lieu cho tha'y, nhin chung, thanh nien quan niem ring, tidn cd gia tri
ldn vdi ddi sd'ng, lam gi cung phai cd tidn, cdn khdng cd tien thi khdng lim
duac gi. Day cung la die diem chung ciia xa hdi duac van hanh bdi ndn kinh te
thj trudng.
Thanh nidn ngay nay cam nhin rat rd thie'u tidn se nhu the nio nen hiu
hdt ddu nhi't tri ring, hp khdng the sd'ng trong ngheo doi. Tuy vay, nhidu ngudi
2

TAP CHI TAM ly HOC, Sd 11 (164), 11 - 2012


lai khdng cho ring "khdng lim ra tien li cd tdi". Didu nay dudng nhu cd chiit
miu thuin vdi quydt tim da ndi d trdn bdi dd khdng sd'ng trong ngheo ddi thi
ho phai cd quye't tam hanh ddng dd kidm tidn. Khdng lim ra tidn, lim sao hp cd
thd khing djnh ring minh khdng thd sd'ng nghdo?
Bdng 1: Quan niem ve gid tri ctia lien hac (ly le %)
Cac y kien

Dling

Sai

Khong
biet

1. Khong CO tidn thi khong lam duoc gi ca

69,3

22,5

8,4

2. Ngay nay, dd lam gi thanh cdng, chi cin co tidn la dii

16,9

66,8

16,3

3. Nhin each ngudi ta tieu tien. cd thd biet hp la ngudi
thanh dat hay khdng

22.4

49,6

28,0

4. Khdng the sdng Irong ngheo ddi

75,2

14.1

12,7

5. Khdng lam ra tien la cd tdi

22,1

62,0

16,0

Tuy nhien, vdi thanh nien cd tidn chua phai la cd tat cii. Nhidu ngudi
khdng gin su thinh cdng vdi viec cd tidn. Cd tidn chua chic da thanh cdng, hay
ndi khac di, cd tidn vin chua dii dd cd thinh cdng. Mdt sd ngudi cho ring,
thanh dat khdng gin vdi vide ngudi ta tidu tidn nhu the nao. Ket qua niy cho
tha'y vdi thanh nien, viec tieu tidn khdng the hien ngudi ta cd thinh dat hay
khdng. Trdn thuc td, vin cd nhidu ban trd tieu tidn mdt each xa xi bat kd ho cd
li ngudi kie'm ra tidn hay khdng. Hp duoc mdt sd ngudi ngudng md khdng phii
vi hp li ngudi thanh dat trong xa hdi, mi thudng dupc coi li sinh dieu, thdi
thuang, hidu biet. Thanh nien cd ve thich duac coi li sanh dieu, hidu biet han li
thanh dat.
Nhiing quan niem tren tuong dd'i khic nhau d thanh nidn sd'ng tai nhflng
khu virc khac nhau (ndng thdn va thanh thj) vi theo lira tuoi. Su khic biet trong
quan niem khdng rd rdt theo hpc van vi gidi tinh.
Sd lieu cho tha'y, nhflng thanh nien sd'ng d viing ndng thdn, dacbiet ndng
thdn mien Bic rit khic vdi thanh nidn dd thi trong quan niem vd gii tri ciia tidn
bac. Thanh nien d Thai Nguyen cd ty le thip nhat so vdi cac khu vuc khac d

nhdm nhihig ngudi cho ring, khdng cd tidn khdng lam duac gi (ty le niy d Thai
Nguydn la 51% so vdi 75% d Hi Ndi, 71% d Tidn Giang va 68% 6 thanh phd
Hd Chi Minh); chi cin cd tidn li thinh cdng (Thai Nguydn khoang 12%, so vdi
17% d Hi Ndi, 20% 6 thanh phd Ho Chi Minh va 16% d Tien Giang); each tieu
tidn cho biet su thinh dat (Thai Nguyen: 19%, Tidn Giang 16% so vdi Ha Ndi
26% vi thanh phd Hd Chf Minh 25%), khdng lam ra tidn li cd tpi.
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 11 (164), 11-2012


Sd lidu cung cho tha'y, khi tudi cing ldn thi mdt sd' quan didm cing duac
sd ddng ling hd han (vf du: Khdng cd tidn thi khdng lim dupc gi ca; Ngiy nay,
dd lim gi thinh cdng, chi cin cd tidn li du). Trong khi dd, khdng tim thiy su
khac biet nao trong cic quan niSm cOa nhiing ngudi cd trinh dd hoc va'n khic
nhau. Didu dd chi ra ring, quan nidm phat tridn Iheo nim thing, chii khdng
theo trinh dd hpc vin. VI thd, su trii nghidm li quan trong ddi vdi hpc sinh dd
cd nhin sinh quan chin chin hon.
2. Quan niem ctia thanh nien ve quan he giua tien bac vd hgnh phdc
Tinh yeu va hanh phuc Ilia ddi la nhflng vS'n dd khi ndng hdi d dd tudi
thanh nien. Diy li Itia tudi hp khdng nhflng bit diu phai chon cho minh mdl
hudng dl vd nghd nghidp, xic djnh cho minh chd dling trong xa hdi mi cdn
phii tim kie'm cho minh m<5t ngudi ban ddi theo md hinh mi mdi ngudi dat ra.
Lieu trong md hinh dd. vit chit, tidn bac c6 vj tri nhu thd nao dd'i vdi thanh
nidn. Phin niy quan tim dd'n viec thanh nien nghi nhu nao vd md'i quan he cua
tidn bac vdi hanh phuc Ifla ddi ctia minh.
Bdng 2: Quan niem ciia thanh men ve nic'ii quan he gida tien hgc
vd hgnh phiic, tinh yeu (ty le %)
Cic y kien
1. Trong tinh yeu chin chinh khdng co chd cho tfnh
loan tien bac
2. Tha khoe trong xe hoi con hon cudi tren xe dap

3. Xa'u nhimg giau con hon dep ma ngheo
4. Lay ngudi ngheo nhung yeu minh con hcfn ngudi
giau ma khdng yeu minh
5. Tidn cd Ihd mua duoe tlnh yeu
6. Khi ket hdn, nen chon ngudi ed tidn dd dam bao
hanh phiie

Dung

Sai

68,3

18,6

Khdng
biet
13,2

13,3
22,7
75,0

69,4
54,7
13,2

17.3
22,6
13,8

15,0
24,7

69,9
45,7

15,1
29,6

Sd lieu da cho thi'y, nhin chung, nhidu thanh nien hien nay (chie'm
khoing 60 -70% sd ngudi dupc hdi) cd su tach bach tuang ddi giua hanh phuc
tinh ydu vdi tien bac. Nhieu ngudi cho ring, trong tinh ydu khdng cd chd cho
tfnh toan tidn bac, liy ngudi ngheo ma cd tinh ydu cdn han liy ngudi giau ma
khdng yeu, tidn khdng mua duoc tinh yeu hoac khdng cho ring xi'u - giiu han
dep - ngheo.
Cd the thi'y ring, nhin chung, suy nghT cua thanh nien vd md'i quan he
gifla tidn vi hanh phiic, tinh yeu kha ly tudng vi trong sang. Nhflng thdng tin
TAPCHITAMiyHOC, Sd 11 (164), 11-2012


thuc td duac phd bidn tren internet vd tfnh thuc dung cia thanh nien hien nay cd
ve nhu chi ciia mdt bd phin thanh nidn mi thdi, cdn nhin chung, vin edn ri't
nhidu ngudi trong sang, khdng coi tidn bac li didu kien ciia hanh phuc cung
nhu khdng tdn thd tidn bac, coi nd chidm vj trf thd'ng soil trong tinh ydu.
Ben canh dd, vin cdn mdt bd phin khac trong gidi tre coi tidn bac cd
mdt gia tri rit ldn trong tinh ydu vi hanh phiic lira ddi cua minh. Sd nay chie'm
khoang 15 - 20% sd miu trong nghidn cflu. Dd li nhflng ngudi cdng nhan gia
trj ciia vat chit va tidn bac trong quan he yeu duong nhu mdt didu kidn sd 1 dd
dam bao hanh phuc. Trudc hdt, hp mud'n duoc giau sang, rdi sau dd, hp mdi cin

ddn cam giac hanh phuc ciia minh. Kdt qua phdng vin cho tha'y ring, mdt sd
thanh nidn khi tu ti vi cai ngheo ciia minh. Hp ndi: ''Ngdy nay, ngheo rd't kho
CO ngudi yeu. Con gdi thd'y minh ngheo Id dd khdng nhin tdi roi, ndi chi ldi viec
tim hieu nhau nid yeu nhau nda. Co nguc'ri yeu rdi. khdng co tien thi cung khong
tru Idu dirac. mgi Ihd deu cdn cd tien. Di chcfi vdi nhau. nhd't dinh it nhd't phdi
ud'ng cdi gi do, chd khong di tay khdng dugc. Rdi ngdy smh nhdt. ngdy 813,
cung it nhdt phdi co hoa, cd qud cho bgn gdi" (Nam, 25 tudi, ndng thdn).
Hoac y kidn khic cho ring: "Xd hgi ndy, Idm gi md chdng cdn tien. Nhu
em, mud'n con gdi de mdt tdi, chdc chdn phdi co cdi ne mdy td te, cd qudn do
titdm tdt, gidy dep ddng hodng, dien thoai di dgng ddi mdi..." (Nam, 22 tudi,
thinh thj).
Y kie'n ciia cic ban gii cd khac chiit fl nhung nhin chung vSn thi'y gia trj
ciia tidn bac trong hanh phiic: "Khi dd that long yeu nhau, dong tien ditng 6
hdng sau. Nhung noi that Id yeu ngudi khdng cd tien thi khd hanh phdc dttgc,
khong nhdt thie't phdi gidu nhung phdi cd tien" (Ntt, 23 tudi, ndng thdn ra thinh
thj hpc).
Nghien cim lay quan diem cia mdt ntt minh tinh Trung Qud'c da dugc cd
cdng khai bdc Id tren truydn thdng dai chung ring "Thd khde trong xe hdi cdn
hdn cudi tren xe dap" va dugc mdt bd phan kha ddng dao ntt thanh nidn Trung
Qud'c ddng tinh iing hd tren mang internet dd xem thanh nidn Viet Nam cd
quan diem nhu viy hay khdng. Sd lieu cho tha'y, nhflng ngudi ddng tinh vdi
quan diem niy khdng phai cua da sd nhung cung chie'm mdt ty le khdng the
khdng quan tim (chidm 13,3% trong sd nhflng ngudi dugc hdi). 'Co the thay
mdt bd phin thanh nien cd nhflng quan didm khing djnh gia tri cua tidn bac
trong tinh ydu vi hanh phuc Ifla ddi.
Dd la giai doan cua tinh yeu, nhung ddn khi ke't hdn, tfnh thuc dung md
rdng tdi nhidu thanh nidn hon. Quan didm "Khi kdt hdn, nen chpn ngudi cd tidn
dd dam bao hanh phiic" dugc 24,7% so ngudi dugc hdi nha't tri, gan gSp ddi so
vdi sd ngudi thuc dung trong tinh yeu d tren.
Didu niy cho tha'y, quan diem thuc dung vi vat chit hda linh ydu, hdn

nhan cung li mdt xu hudng cua mdt bd phta gidi trd nude ta hien nay. Tuy
TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 11 (164), 11 - 2012

5


nhien, cho ddn thdi didm niy, dd chua phii li mdt trio luu chung, nhi't li dd'i
vdi thanh nien d ndng thdn va ciia hpc sinh cud! ci'p cdn dang ngdi trdn ghd nhi trudng.
Bdng 3: lie' gid tri cua thanh niin
Solugng
Sunphiep
Thu nhap. tien
Gia dinh
Sue khoe
Bing cip
Tinh veu
Danh du ca nhin
Cac mdl quan tic \A lioi
Dia \'i .\a hoi

617
386
674
656
96
452
.349
217
151

Didm (rung
hinh
2.73
3,68
1,99
2,16
3,63
3,88
3,66
4,22
4,14

D6 lech
chuin
1,202
1,220
1,122
1,197
1,088
1,009
1,235
1,048
1,114

Thii bic
3
6
1
2
4

7
5
9
8

Ghi chii: DTB dupc linh theo Ihang thit bac 5 diem, diem cdng cao gid tri cdng ldn.
Mat khac, khi dd'i chidu nhidu mat khac nhau cua cude sd'ng, sd lidu cho
thi'y, trong he gia tri cia thanh nidn cd nhidu didu dugc cho la quan trong ddi
vdi ho cd vi trf gin tucmg duong nhau (vdi didm trung binh cia Ihii bic dao
ddng khdng dang kd tfl 3,63 den 3,88). Dd la cac gia Irj cua bing cip, danh du
ca nhin, tidn bac va tinh ydu. Chung dling sau gia dinh, sir nghiep vi sfle khoe.
Didu nay cho thi'y, thanh nien ngiy nay nhin nhin nhung didu kidn cho hanh
phuc ca nhan cia minh kha hoan my vi da dang. Cd ve nhu da xa rdi quan
niem "Mdt tup ldu tranh, hai trai tim ving" cua thd he Irudc, ma a ho, tlnh ydu
vi tidn bac cin song hinh vdi nhau mdi cd thd cd hanh phuc. Cd thd thi'y, 6
mflc dp nhi't djnh, cic gia tri thuc dung cua ndn kinh td thi trudng da anh huang
ddn ldi sd'ng cia thanh nidn, len ldi vio ddi sd'ng xuc cim cua ho.
Suy nghT cia mdt ban tre a diy li tucmg dd'i lieu bidu cho ldp tre hdm
nay trong quan mdm vd md'i quan he gifla tinh ydu vi tidn bac cua hp: "Tdi dd
suy nghi that nhieu, nghiem tuc vdi chinh minh ve tinh yeu vd tien bac, ve
"hdnh mi vd hoa hdng". Tdi mudn cdi gi hdn? Vd cdu trd ldi ben trong con
ngudi tdi vang len Id cd hai. Tdi khdng chdp nhcin sd'ng ngheo ndn. Tdi khdng
chdp nhdn mot tdp leu tranh. Khdng! Tdi khdng mud'n! Nhung tdi cdng khdng
mudn gidu cd md cd dan! Tien bac Id dieu cd the, cdn tinh yeu thi de'n khd hdn
nhieu" (Blog cua Mai Trang).

TAP CHf TAM LV HOC, Sd 11 (164), 11 - 2012


3. Quan niem cua thanh nien ve viec Idem tien vd vay tien

* Quan niem ve viic kie'm tien
Mud'n cd nhidu tidn la nhu ciu cia dai da sd thanh nidn hien nay (vdi
gin 85% sd ngudi ddng y). Ri't it ngudi hoii nghi nhu ciu niy cua minh.
Ke't qui nghidn cflu cho thi'y, didu dang lim cic bac cao nidn yen long
la d chd, dai da sd thanh nidn dugc hdi ddu mud'n cd tidn tir lao ddng chfl khdng
phii ttt cac ngudn khic. Sd lieu cung khing dinh ring dd cd nhidu tidn, thanh
nidn sin sang lao ddng vit vi chfl hp khdng mud'n an nhan. Nd luc kidm tidn
hien hiru d thanh nien ngay ci khi hp dugc cho nhieu lidn.
Bdng 4: Quan mem ve viec kie'm tien (ty le %)
Cac y kien

Dung

Sai

Khong
biet

1. Tdi thfch ddng tidn do lao ddng ma cd duoc

92,2

4,0

3,8

2. An nhan ma ft tidn con hon la va't va dd kie'm dugc
nhidu tidn

19,7

62,4

17,9

3. Ne'u dugc eho nhidu tien, tdi se khong cin phai eo
ging lao ddng kie'm tidn niia

13,7

77,0

9,3

4. De kie'm tidn thi lam each nao cung chip nhan duoc

7,6

83,6

8,8

5. Gia tri cua mdi ngudi la d chd hp kie'm duoe bao
nhieu tidn

15,0

66,6

18,4

6. Tdi quan tam de'n sd lien kie'm dugc hon la each
kie'm ra so tidn do

14,3

69,8

15,9

4. Tdi mudn cd nhidu tidn

84,8

8,3

6,9

Cd the tha'y ring, nhin chung, vdi bd phin ldn thanh nidn ngiy nay, lao
ddng dd cd tidn li mdt gii tri dugc hp trin trong. Tuy nhidn vdi hg, tidn bac
khdng phai la tit ca, hp mud'n lao ddng chin chi'nh dd cd tidn va cung la dd
khang dinh gii trj con ngudi cia minh. Nhan phim dugc ho coi trgng nhu lao
ddng cia minh viy. Hp khdng chip nhin kidm tidn bing mpi cich, cung nhu
quan tim ddn each kie'm tidn han la sd tidn kiem dugc. Han nfla, hp cung
khdng danh gii gii trj cua con ngudi thdng qua viec con ngudi dd kiem dugc
bao nhieu tidn.
Quan didm vd each kie'm tidn id ra kha xa la vdi thanh nidn hgc sinh cud'i
cip. Cic em khdng bidt ddn nhung khai niem niy. Diy li didu can chu y bdi
chi mdt vai thing sau, cic em da bflde vao trudng hgc ldn hon - trudng ddi. Dd

TAP CHI TAM ly HOC, Sd 11 (164), 11 - 2012


cung la lie bii bude cac em phii quan tim dd'n vin dd trdn cho cude sd'ng ddc
lip cia minh.
Lieu each nghT vd vide kidm tidn cd phin hda theo nhflng nhdm thanh
nien khae nhau hay khdng? Hay ndi cich khic, nhttng ngudi irii vdi quan didm
trdn thude nhdm thanh nidn nio?
Phin tich sd lidu cho Ihi'y ring:
- Thfl nhi't, ludi cing Idn hdn, hgc vSn cao hon thi s6 ngudi ddng y vdi
quan didm coi gii trj cia con ngudi b chd hp kidm duge bao nhidu tidn cing
nhidu hon (vdi p < 0,05).
- Thfl hai, hgc vi'n cao hon thi nhidu hon sd ngudi phan dd'i quan nidm
coi sd lidn kidm dugc quan trpng hdn cich kidm tidn (vdi p < 0,05).
Thfl ba, nam gidi chip nhin kidm ticn bing mpi each hon nO gidi,
nhung nfl lai phin ddi quan didm eoi sd lidn kidm dugc quan trgng han cich
kidm tidn hdn nam gidi (vdi p < 0,05).
Nhung dfl lidu d trdn da cho thiy, bdn canh s6 ddng ed quan didm da
phin tich d trdn, trong thanh nidn cung cd su phin hda nhit djnh trong quan
nidm vd cich kie'm tidn theo trinh dd hpc vi'n, theo Ifla tudi vi theo gidi.
So lieu eung cho thi'y quan niem niy khdng cd su khic biet gifla thanh
nien ndng thdn vi thanh thj, gifla nhflng ngudi thay ddi hay khdng thay ddi mdi
trudng sd'ng. Diy la mdt didm kha thii vj bdi xua nay khic bidt van hda vin
dupc coi la bidn sd quan trgng chi ra nhidu su khac bidt trong suy nghT, trong
each thflc hanh ddng cia con ngudi ndi ehung. Nhtrng vdi thanh nidn thi trong
vi'n dd dang duoc ban luan d day, khic biet vin hda khdng cd y nghTa gi nhidu.
* Quan niem ve viec vay tien
Vay tidn dugc coi nhu mdt ngudn them vio sd tidn co dugc cia thanh
nien, nhung nd khic vdi ngudn tidn khac d chd, sau khi su dung cho nhu ciu
cua minh, hg phii hoan tra lai sd tidn nay. Tai mdl sd nude, ngudn tin dung trd

nen ri't phd bie'n, giup mgi ngudi trang trai cho nhu ciu ehi hop ly vi hoach
djnh cac phuang in dd tra ng din. Diy li phuong in hidu qua cho cude sd'ng
cia mdi ngudi. O Viet Nam, khi ning cd dugc ngudn tin dung ehfnh thd'ng cho
sinh vidn cdn chua phd bidn thi vide vay mugn cic ngudn khae li didu khd
tranh khdi. Tfnh chit hai mat cia vi'n dd niy kha ro ndt. Mdt mit nd cd thd
giup ngudi di vay dip ung nhu cau cia minh, nhung mat khac, ndu ngudi vay
khdng hoach dinh dugc ke hoach de tra ng thi cd the din ddn nhung he luy khd ludng.
Nghien cun quan tim trudc hdt ddn each suy nghT cua thanh nien vd vin
dd vay tidn, xem hg suy nghi vay thd nao la dung, la sai.

TAPCHlTAMiyHpC, S d l l (164), 11-2012


Bdng 5: Quan niem ve viec vay tien (ty le %)

1. Vay dd an udng
2. Vay dd mua sim dd dung
3. Vay de chfla benh
4. Vay de hoc tap
5. Vay de lam an, diu tu
7. Vay dd di choi
8. Vay dd giup dd ngudi khac
9. Vay dd xay nha
10. Vay hd ngudi khae

Nhu the la dung
19,4
27.1
95,4
95,5

91,8
6,8
51,6
69,9
13,7

Khong biet
62,3
51,6
3,1
2,1
2,4
80.4
19,7
14,4
49,9

Nhu the li sai
18,4
21,3
1,5
2,4
5,8
12,8
28.7
15,8
36,7

Sd lieu d bang 5 chi ra ring, theo quan niem cua dai da sd thanh nien,
vay dd chfla benh, dd hpc tip, dd lim an, diu tu vi vay dd xiy nha li ding,

Cdn vay the nio la sai thi khdng ed xu hudng quan nidm chung mi ri't tiy tilng
ngudi. Mdt sd cho ring, vay hd ngudi khac, vay dd giup ngudi khac la sai. Mdt
sd khic lai cho ring vay dd mua dd dung li sai. Mdt bd phan ldn thanh nidn
trong miu nghien cflu cdn phin vin khdng biet vay dd an udng, dd mua sim, dd
di choi hay vay hd ngudi khac li dung hay sai.
Cd the thi'y, thanh nidn hien nay khdng phin dd'i viec vay mugn dd chi
tieu. Viec phan dinh dung - sai cua hien tuong niy phu ihudc vao muc dich cia
viec vay de chi tieu cho viec gi. Nhttng gi lien quan de'n cdng viec, hpc tap, hay
xay nhi m i can phai vay thi dugc coi li dung, cdn cho tieu xii ca nhin vdi m^ic
dich thu hudng thi bj coi la sai. Quan didm niy da phan anh each nhin nhin cia
xa hdi Viet Nam hien nay vd viec di vay chfl khdng hoin toin la chi cua ridng
thanh nien.
4. Quan niem cda thanh nien ve viec Heu tien
Tieu tidn nhu thd nio cung dugc coi li pham tru vin hda. Nd thd hien ldi
sd'ng cua thanh nidn vi dugc bdc Id kha ro net trong suy nghT cung nhu trong
hinh ddng. Nghidn ciiu quan tam ddn nhung quan nidm cua thanh men ve each
tieu tidn nhu the nio trong md'i tuong quan vdi khoan tidn minh cd, vdi hinh
anh thanh mdn thdi dai vi trong quan he vdi ngudi khic.
Nhin chung, sd lieu cho thi'y, quan niem vd vi6c tieu tidn cia thanh nien
hien nay khdng hoan toan nhu nhung gi vSn dugc cinh bio trdn cac phuong
tien truydn thdng dai chung. Trong nghien cflu nay, thanh nidn khdng danh
viec dime
dung "hane
"hang xin".
xin", khdna
khdng nha't
ddng hinh anh cua "thanh nidn thdi dai" vdii vise
nhat

TAPCHITAM LYHOC, S d l l (164), 11 - 2012

tri vdi vide chi tieu thoing hoic mud'n gi phii mua bang dugc hay chi tidu
khdng quan tim dd'n su gdp y eua ngudi khic. Trii lai, hg mud'n chi tidu theo
tiii tidn cua minh, cd bao nhidu, chi bi'y nhidu, khi chi tidu ldn thi tham khao j
kie'n ngudi cd kinh nghidm, chi tidu phii tinh toin. Cd thd thiy, quan didm cia
thanh nidn ndi chung vd chi lieu la tuang ddi tfch cue.
Bdng 6: Quan mem ciia thanh nien ve lieu tien (ty le %)
("iif y kii'n

1. Tlianh nidn phai ehi tieu thoang chii linh loan thi cd
ve khdng hop lim
2. Da mua thi phai mua "hang xin" mdi li thanh nien
thdi dai ngay nay
3. Tidn cua tdi. tdi tieu IiCn thd nao la vide cua tdi, ngudi
khac khdng ed quydn gop y
4. Co bao nhieu ticn thi chi nen tidu ba'y nhieu
5. Trudc khi quyei dinh mua eai gi ldn thi nen tham
khao y kie'n eua nhirng ngudi c6 kinh nghiem
6. Thanh niCn da djnh mua cai gi thi phai quyei tam
mua bang dugc, ne'u Ihie'u tidn thi di vay

Dung

Sai

23,7

57,9

Khdng
biet
18,4

8,3

76,7

15,0

25.9

61,8

12.4

56,5
87,5

33,7
7,0

9,9
5.6

12,8

71.2

16,0

Ben canh phin ldn thanh nien cd quan diem nhu trdn, vin cd mdt bd
phin thanh nien cd quan didm trai ngugc. Hp dd cao ban thin trong cac quydt
dinh chi tieu cho ring, chi tieu the nio la vide ci nhin, ngudi khic khdng cd
quydn gdp y, chi tieu khdng nhin vio tui tidn cia minh, da mudn mua gi thi
phii quye't mua bing duge khdng cin bidt minh cd bao nhidu. 6 mdl khia eanh
khic, hg cd xu hudng thidn vd quan niem "thoang" trong tieu xii.
Ldi chi tidu thoing hay chi tieu cd tfnh toin cd ve nhu khidn mdt sd ban
tre cdn ban khoin. Sd nay chidm khoang 18%.
Nhttng ngudi bin khoin 6 cic quan didm da dd cip dd'n 6 trdn la nhttng
ngudi chua biet tidu the nao li dung, la sai, hay ndi khac di, chua xac dinh dugc
cho minh hd gii trj vd chi tieu.
Mdt sd nhi xa hdi ndi ring, kidm tidn cin eo van hda, tidu tidn cang phai
cin cd van hda hon vi ddi khi, tieu tidn cdn khd hon kidn tidn. VI thd, ca kidm
tidn, ci tieu tidn ddu cin dugc quan tim giao due dung mflc. Viec giao due niy
phai bat diu ttt ri't sdm, de dfla tre thi'y duge gia tri thuc cia ddng tidn, hidu
dugc vide kie'm tidn cin ddn khd'i dc va sfle lire thd nao va cflng cin bidt tidu thd
nao cho thdng minh, cho cd vin hda vi xung vdi sd tidn kidm duge.

10

TAP CHITAMly HOC, Sd 11 (164), 11 - 2012


Cd thd thiy, 6 quan niem vd chi neu, cd su phin hda ttong nhdm thanh nidn.
6. Quan niem ve viec trd tien Ichi di choi
Tra tidn cho nhflng chi phf chung cua cude choi ttt 2 ngudi trd ldn, cd
nam, cd nu, li mdt hidn tugng ri't binh thudng. Nhung ai la ngudi tra tien (nam
hay nfl) lai li mdt vi'n dd khdng chi ttr gdc dd kinh td, mi cdn mang tfnh xa hdi
vi vin hda.

Bdng 7: Quan niem ve viic trd tien khi di choi (ty le %)
Di vdi ban be

Di vdi ngu&i yeu

Dan ong phai tra ti^n

12.3

46,1

Nam nu ai tra ciing duoc

22.8

39.4

M6i ngucri tra m6t phan

64,9

14,6

Ngirofi tra tien

So lieu cho thi'y, vdi thanh nien, cd su phin hda vd ddi tugng chi tidu
kha rd rdt: ai tra tidn phu thude vao vide di chai vdi ai. Ndu di choi vdi ngudi
yeu, nam gidi cd xu hudng li ngudi tri tidn, nhung ndu di vdi ban thi hp cd xu
hudng chia se phan phii tra.
Cu thd, sd lidu cho thi'y, ndu di vdi ban be, thanh nidn cho ring nam phai

tri tien chi chidm 12,3%; nam va nfl ai tra cung duoc chidm 22,8% va mdi
ngudi tra mdt phan la y kidn cia da sd ngudi tri ldi chidm 64,9%.
Trong trudng hgp di choi vdi ngudi ydu, 46,1% sd ngudi cho ring dan
dng phai tra tidn; 39,3% cho ring nam nfl ai tri cung dugc vi chi 14,6% cho
ring mdi ngudi phai tri mdt phin.
d day cd chut khic bidt vd quan didm cia nam vi nu. Du di choi vdi
ban gii hay di chai vdi ngudi yeu thi sd nam cho ring, nam gidi cd nghTa vu
phai tri tidn cao han bin so vdi nfl (19,5% nam so vdi 7,5% nu). Ty Id niy cao
hon han khi di chai vdi ngudi yeu, khidn cho viec tieu tidn khi di vdi ban gii cd
mdt y nghTa die biet khic. Khi di choi vdi ngudi yeu thi ty le niy li gin 60%
nam, so vdi han 38% nfl. Didu niy phin nao cho thi'y ganh nang cua nam gidi
khi hg khdng cd du tidn.
Tren mdt binh didn khic cd thd thi'y, y kidn cia nhidu thanh nien vd su
binh quydn nam nfl trong vi'n dd chi tieu, cho du dd la di chai vdi ngudi ydu,
bdi ed de'n gin 40% sd ngudi dupc hdi khdng hd cd khudn miu sin trong suy
nghT cia minh vd vide nam gidi phii chi tri mpi thfl cho cude choi chung.
Su phin hda vd dd'i tugng chi tieu kha rd ret niy cho thi'y, phan nio van
hda tidu tidn cia thanh nidn hidn nay.

TAP CHITAM ly HOC, S d l l (164), 11-2012


Ket lu$n
Kdt qui nghidn cun vd quan nidm cia thanh nien vd ddng tidn cho thiy
mdt .sd didm sau:
Gidi tre ngiy nay nudi ude mo cd nhidu tidn. Hg danh gia cao gia trj eua
lao ddng trong vide kiem tidn vi sin sang lao ddng cit luc dd ed tidn. Vdi thanh
nien, tidn bac cd gii trj thuc td, khdng phai la cai dd danh gia gia trj ciia con
ngudi va khdng ddng nhit lidn bae vdi hanh phuc linh ydu, hanh phuc gia dinh
nhung hg thiy dugc vai trd quan Irpng cia ticn bac trong vide lao ra nhflng didu

kien cho hanh phuc. Tidn khdng phai lii didu kidn du nhung li didu kidn ein
cho hanh phiic.
Tidn li mdt nhu ciu cua gu'ti tre vi nhin chung, trong quan nidm cia
phin Idn thanh nidn ngiy nay, lao ddng la each thflc dd cd tidn. Vdi hg, lao
ddng chin chinh li dd cd lidn va cung li dd khing djnh gia trj eua ban Ihin. Hp
khdng chip nhin kidm tidn bing mgi cich vi quan lim dd'n each kidm nen han
li sd tidn kidm dugc. Hp khdng ddng nhi't gii tri cia eon ngudi vdi sd lidn
ngudi dd cd. Quan didm vd cich kidm tidn id ra kha xa la vdi thanh nidn hpc
sinh cudi ci'p.
Gidi tre ung hd vide vay tidn cho muc dich hoal ddng lanh manh (cdng
viec, hgc hinh, benh tat, xiy nhi) nhung cho ring vay eho mue dieh thu hudng
li sai trii.
Trong quan niem vd lieu tidn, thanh nien khdng ing hd vide chi tidu
thoing mi mudn ehi lieu phi hgp tui tidn cia minh. Hg nhin nhan ring, Irong
cic khoin chi \6n thi ri't can su tu vi'n cia ngudi cd kinh nghiem.
Cach nghi vd vide kiem lidn cung nhu lieu tidn phin hda theo Ifla tudi,
trinh dp hgc vi'n vi gidi tfnh nhung khdng phin bidt theo khu vue ndng thdn
hay thanh thj.
Ket qua niy ggi y cho nhung chuong trlnh giio due eho thanh nien, hpc
sinh vd gia trj cua ddng lidn, van hda kiem tidn va lieu lidn khi hp cdn ngdi trdn
ghd nhi trudng.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Hoang Yen, Xem cdch chi lieu cda ngudi ddn cdc nude vd \'iil Nam (theo Forbes).
. 2008.
2. Mai Trang, Trong ddi cdn cd bdnh my vd tinh yiu, hltp://tiin.vn. Ngiy 31/1/2012.

12

TAPCHfTAMLynpC, Sd 11 (164), 11 - 2012