Giải thích từ vựng_IELTS Cambridge 11_ Test 1 crop growing skyscrapers

Reading text 1: IELTS Cambridge 11 – Test 1
Crop-growing skyscrapers



Highlighted vocabulary:
No.
1
2

Words & Word Form
Conservative (a)
/kənˈsəːvətɪv/
Demography (n)
/dɪˈmɒɡrəfi/
 demographic (a)
/dməˈɡrfɪk/

Meaning and/or Examples + Collocations
= to be lower/less than the real number or amount
 conservative estimate (ước lượng dè chừng)
= the changing number of births, deaths, diseases, etc. in a
community over a period of time; the scientific study of
these changes (nhân khẩu học)
 relating to the population and different groups within it
 demographic changes/trends/factors

3

Hothouse (n)

4

(in) vogue
/ vəʊɡ/

= a heated building, usually made of glass, used for
growing plants in (nhà kính)
 hothouse flowers / hothouse tomatoes
= a fashion for sth / a general liking (thời trang, mốt, phổ
biến, thịnh hành)
Examples:
• the vogue for child-centred education
• Black is in vogue again.
• Sixties music has come back into vogue.
• This novel had a great vogue ten years ago.

5

Scale sth up (verb)
/skeɪl/
Accommodate (v)
/əˈkɒmədeɪt/

= to increase the size, amount or importance of sth (đẩy
mạnh, thúc đẩy, tăng cường)

Cutting-edge (a)
/kʌ.tɪŋˈedʒ /
Drastic (a) / ˈdræstɪk/
 Drastically (adv)

/ ˈdræstɪkl /

= the most modern / the most advanced / the newest
 cutting-edge design/technology
= dramatically = extreme in a way that has a sudden,
serious or violent effect on sth (mạnh mẽ, dữ dội, quyết liệt)
Examples:
• Output has been drastically reduced.
• Things have started to go drastically wrong

Efficient (a)
/ ɪˈfɪʃnt /
≠ inefficient (a)
 efficiency (n)

= working or operating quickly and effectively in an
organized way (có hiệu quả, có ích, có năng lực, có khả
năng)
Examples:
• efficient heating equipment
• the efficient use of energy
• We offer a fast, friendly and efficient service.
• As we get older, our bodies become less efficient

6

7
8

9

= to provide sb a place or enough room to sit or to live
= to serve (phục vụ)
Examples:
• The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.
• The aircraft is capable of accommodating 28
passengers.


•

at burning up calories.
fuel-efficient cars (= that do not use much fuel)

10

Implement (v)
/ˈɪmplɪment/
 implementation (n)

= to carry out / to make / to do / to start doing sth (tiến
hành, thực hiện, thực thi)
• A new work program for young people will be
implemented.
• the implementation of the new system

11

Proponent (n)
/prəˈpəʊnənt/

Take sth for granted

= advocate (n) = a person who supports an idea or an
action = supporter (người ủng hộ, tán thành)

12

Take sth / sb for granted

13
14

Despoil (v)
/dɪˈspɔɪl/
Verdant (a) / ˈvɜːdnt /

= (1) to accept / believe something to be the truth without
even thinking about it (cho điều gì là đúng, là hiển nhiên,
mặc định gì đó có sẵn)
= (2) If you take situations or people for granted, you do not
realize or show that you are grateful for how much you get
from them (không biết quý trọng, xem thường)
= to make a place less attractive by damaging or destroying
it (phá hủy, tiêu diệt, hủy hoại)
= ( of grass, plants, fields, etc. ) fresh and green (xanh
tươi)

Semi-arid (a)
/semiˈærɪd/
The rigours of sth (n)

/ ˈrɪɡə/

= ( of land or climate ) dry; with little rain (khô cằn, khô hạn)

17

Take a /its / their toll (v)

= to have a negative effect on sb or sth (ảnh hưởng không
tốt, ảnh hưởng tiêu cực)
• The deepening recession has also taken its toll in
the south of the country, where unemployment is
rife.

18

Eliminate (v)
/ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/

= to remove or get rid of sth/sb (loại bỏ, loại trừ)
• Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of
cash.

15
16

= the difficulties and unpleasant conditions of sth (điều kiện
khắc nghiệt, điều kiện khắc khe, hoàn cảnh khó khăn)
• The plants were unable to withstand the rigours of
a harsh winter.

• She woke refreshed to face the rigours of a new
day.

 elimination (n)
•
19

Infectious (disease) (a)
/ɪnˈfekʃəs/
 infectiously (adv)
/ɪnˈfekʃəsli/

the elimination of disease/poverty/crime

= able to pass a disease from one person, animal, or plant
to another (lan truyền, lây truyền, truyền nhiễm)
• An infectious disease/patient
• Flu is highly infectious.


20

 infectiousness (n)
/ɪnˈfekʃəsnəs/
Aspiration (n)
/æspəˈreɪʃn/

= a strong desire to have or do sth (nguyện vọng, khát
vọng)
• He has never had any aspiration to earn a lot of

money.

21

Address (v)
/əˈdres/, /ˈædres/

= to deal with, to solve (giải quyết, khắc phục)
• The issue of funding has yet to be addressed.

22

Detrimental (a)
/detrɪˈmentl/
Detrimental to sb/sth

= damaging = harmful (có hại, gây hại, bất lợi)
• Detrimental effect / impact
• The policy will be detrimental to the peace
process.
• These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact
on the environment.
• Their decision could be detrimental to the future of
the company.