CÁC NGUỒN HÀNG VẰ THƯƠNG PHẨM CỦA ĐÀNG TRONG

CAC ]^GU6]\ HAMG VA TlIlTOl^G PlIAM
CIIA DAI^G TROIIG
NGUVfcN VAN KIM*

T

rong lich sfl Vi^t Nam, the ky XVIXVIII diicte coi \k [hiii ky di5n ra
nhieu bien chuyen sau sfic. Sau 7 lin
(1627-1672) glao tranh nhUng bfi't phdn
thing bai, chfnh quy^n Le • Trinh vk chua
Nguyen da Ifi'y song Gianh ldm gidi tuy^n
(1). Tit do hinh thanh the' cue chinh tri
Dang Ngoai (Tonkin)
Ddng Trong
(Cochinchina) k6o ddi hOn 2 thg" ky. Tni6c
day, mot a6 n h i nghien cvlu thUOng cho
ring, sau thdi kj^ phat trien huy holing cua
trieu dai Le sd (1428-1527), chg" do quan
chu Viet Nam bat ddu Iam vao giai doan
suy thoai, khung hoang. Nhi(ng, tren cd s6
khai thae nhuing ngudn tU lieu trong nUdc,
quoc te dong thdi nhin nlifin lich sii theo
quan diem m3i, co the cho rfing dUtfng nhU
tUdng phan v6i nhiing mau thuin, xung dot
ve chinh tri, trong vong 3 the ky, kinh tfi' xa hpi Vifit Nam (ca D&ng Ngoki vk D^ng
Trong) deu co nhieu bUdc phat trien quan
trong. TYin binh di&n bang giao quoc te,
cUng chita co thbi ky nao, Viet Nam lai co
moi quan hi dot ngoai rong ldn, da dang
nhu thdi ky ndy (2).
Vdi Dang Trong, de phat trien kinh iM,

cung CO quyen lUc chinh tri vfi di co the
diiTdng d^u vdi sU uy hifi'p cua Dang Ngoai
cung nhxT nhi^u cUdng quoc phUdng Tay,
cac chiia Nguyen da dong thdi thiic thi
nhieu chinh sach tich cifc. Cdc chinh sach

hgp thdi vd hgp ldng ngudi do dd dem lai
siic mqnh thUc ti', troi vitgt cho chinh quyin
Dang Trong. Tren cd sci nhfin thdc ro
nhiing bi^n doi sSu sfic cua deli song kinh t^
th^ gidi ciing nhU sU phat trien cua h$
thong hai thUdng chau A, chinh quyln
Nguyin da the hi$n tdm nhin vfi ban ITnh
cua minh khi theo duoi chinh sSch ngoai
giao da phUdng hoa, chu dpng vk tich cilc.
Vi^c biet phat huy nhiing Icfi the cfin ban vi
vi tri dia l^, khai thae moi tifi'm nfing kinh
te, cac ngudn tai nguyen, thiic d&y cac
ngfinh san xufi't phat trien... da khong chi
tfing cUcfng, cung co siic manh chinh tri,
kmh te ma con tao nen nhOng di^u kien
het site thiet ye'u de chinh quyen Dfing
Trong mcl rpng anh hu6ng vfi kh^ng dinh vi
the cua minh tren vung dKt phiidng Nam,
DiTa tren hai tieu chi cfin ban la Nguon
gde hang hoa (tieu chi dia viic) vfi Tinh
chd't hdng hoa (san ph^m thu cong, bdn thu
cong hay nguyen sd) bfii viet mud'n khao
cutu cac ngudn hfing vfi thiidng phffm cua
Dfing Trong d^ bUdc ddu lam ro tifi'm nfing,

each thttc huy dpng, to chtfe efic ngudn
hfing, moi lien he gifla cac khong gian kinh
tfi"vfi gia tri cua mdt so loai hfing hda... Day
chinh la nhiing nhan to' cd ^ nghia h&'t siic
quan trpng ddi vdi cac ho^t dpng kinh t6',
cung CO quyen lUc, md rpng bang giao quoc
te ,, cua chinh quyen Thufin Hda.

• PGS.TS. TrU6ng D?! hoc KHXH&NV - D^i hoc Qud'c gia Hfi Npi


Kghtan ciJru ljch aJr, ad 4.8011
1. Vf tri, ti^m nftng kinh t€ cua Dkng
Trong
Trong ghi ch6p cua cfic tfic gia dUdng
d^i, xii Dfing Trong d i i ^ coi Ifi m$t viing
d&'t gifiu c6. TrUdc h6't, do ndm d trung
diim cua m^t trong nhiCng tuyin chinh ciia
hi thd'ng giao tkUOng chdu A nin cdc
thuong cdng nhU Thanh HA, H^i An, NUdc
Mdn... diu cd vi tri quan trgng. Theo L6
Qu^ Ddn thi: "Xii Thu^n Hda, dudng thuy
dudng bd lidn tid'p tdi xii Quang Nam, phia
hiiu xti Quang Nam l^i thdng vdi cfic nUdc
phifin, vd' dudng bi^n thl cfich tinh Phiic
Kid'n, tinh Quang Ddng khdng dlfn 3 - 4
ngfiy, cho ndn thuyin budn tit trUdc dSh ty
hpi b dtfy" (3). Den Dfing Trong nfim 16181621, Giao si ngUdi '^ Ifi Cristoforo Borri
tuCng het siic ng^c nhien v§ v\ tri t\f nhidn
cua cac thUdng cang. Theo dng, d vttng

duyen hai Dfing Trong chi trong khoang
hdn 100 dfim nhung c6 dd^n 60 hai cang,
"tfi't ca deu rfi't thufin tign dl cfip bd'n vfi len
dfi't liin... Hai cang d^p nhfi't, ndi tfCt ca
ngucfi ngoai quoc Mu tdi vfi ciing Ifi ndi cd
hpi chd danh tieng chinh Ifi hai cang thu^c
tinh Quang Nam" (4). Tii mpt c ^ nhin
hiidng sau vfio lyc dja, trong tac ph^m no'i
tid'ng Hdnh trinh vd truyin gido, gido si
Alexandre de Rhodes ciing cho rdng: "Hp
ciing rd^t gifiu vi cd dd't dai phi nhidu vdi 24
con sdng cung cfi'p nUdc, ciing nhd d6 mfi
rfi't tidn vide di l^i bfing diidng sdng ngdi,
tidn vi$c thdng thUdng vfi hfinh trinh" (5).

hda md cdn dem theo nhHu nguin thiMig
phdm md thi tnidng Ddng Trong vd khu
vi^c cdn. M^t khdc, nhU Ifi kd^t qua cua svf
phdt triln tUdng h3, sii thinh d^t cua hd
thffng thUdng cang Dfing Trong dfi c6 eiic
hd'p ddn ldn, ldi cud^n nhidu ddng thidn di
vfi cU ddn khu vi^c mang hfing hda, ch^
phdm d^n cdc cang thj d l trao doi, budn
bdn (7). Trdn thi^c tM, h? thd'ng thUdng cang
Dfing Trong da trd thfinh m^ch ndi giiia cdc
khdng gian kinh td": Chdu thd vdi Ritng niii,
Biin vdi Luc dia. Ngudn hfing tii viing niii
cao mfi gidi hpc gia dUdng thdi goi Id
"nguSn" dfi theo cdc tridn sdng ciing nhidu
con dudng khdc nhau ddn tu vd cdc cang

eiia sdng. Chfnh cdc ngudn hfing dd, tit trdn
niii xud'ng vfi biln vd, da b^ sung vfi Ifi san
ph^m khdng t h l thid'u cho ho^t d^ng
thiidng m ^ Dfing Trong trong nhilu thd" ky
(8).

Nhfin to* thii hai ed y nghia rdt quan
trpng doi vdi ndn thUdng mai Dfing Trong
Ifi xii Qudng noi liing vd phiiOng Nam noi
chung Id mgt vdng ddt he't siic trii phd v4
tdi nguyin thiin nhiin, trong do c6 nhiiu
nguSn tdi nguyin citn chUa dugc khai phd.
Ben c^nh dd, do chfu si^ chi p h ^ cila H$
sinh thfii p h i t^p (General ecosystem) vdi
hai d^c trUng cd ban Ifi kha nfing tdi sinh
nhanh vfi chi sd' da d ^ g vd gid'ng tofii cao,
Dfing Trong noi ldn nhU mdt viUig ddt phdn
th{nh, dung chiia nhidu san v|it d$c thii.
Trong tdc ph^m Phu biin tgp luc, hoc gia
Khao ciiu tdc phdm Phii biin tg,p l^ic cua Ld Qu^ Ddn (1726-1784) tifng cho rdng:
Ld Qujf Ddn chiing ta thfi'y, vfio thd' ky "Xii Quang Ifi dfi't phi nhieu nh^t thien h^.
XVII-XVIII cfic cang Dfing Trong ludn Ifi Ngudi Thfing Hoa, Di^n Bfin bilt d^t vai
dilm dd'n cua cdc thuyin budn tii Thuijng lya, vdc d o ^ , llnh Ifi, hoa mfiu khdo d^p
Hai, Quang Ddng, Phue KilTn, Hai Nam ch4ng kdm Quang Ddng, rudng dong rpng
(Trung Qude), Nh^t Ban, Xiem La, LQ Td'ng rai, Ilia gao tot d^p, trdm hiidng, tdc hUdng,
(Luzon), Ciiu Cang (Philippines), Ma Cao sitng td, ngfi voi, vfing b^c, ddi mdi, trai dc,
(Bd Ddo Nha), Hfi Lan (6). Cdc tdu, thuyin bdng, sdp, dudng m|Lt, ddu sdn, cau, hd
budn quoc ti" khdng chi din thu mua hdng tidu, cfi mudi, gd lat, ddu san xufft b day. Ba

CAc ngufin himg vb thirong ph^m..
phu Quy Nhdn, Quang Ngai, Gia Dinh thi
thoc gao khdng ke xiet, khfich budn phUdng
Bde quen khen khdng bao gid ngdt" (9).
Tling sd'ng b Hpi An, xU Quang, C. Borri
nhfin thtfy tidm nfing ndng nghipp cua viing
nfiy Ifi rS!t ldn. Theo dng: "Nudc lyt Ifim cho
ddt mfiu md vfi phi nhieu nen moi nfim cd
ba vy liia, ddy du vfi ddi dfio ddn noi khdng
ai phai lam lii, vdt va dl sinh sd'ng, ai cung
sung tiic" (10). Cung theo A.de Rhodes thi:
"Moi nfim thUdng cd lut l^i, vfio thang Mdt
vfi thang Ch^p, thinh thoang cd tdi ba mCia
lyt them mfiu md cho ddng rupng. Vfio thdi
diem nfiy, chi di lai bing thuyen. Nhfi ctia
thi Ifim trd'ng vd phia dUdi dl cho nu6c lUu
thong vfi vi the thudng d^t tren nhiing cpt
ldn" (11). Theo Dudng Vfin An thi: "Ban
mua dong dim tiiy ndi, thdc 3 dfi'u khong
qua 2 tiln; fin ud'ng khdng hd xa xi, cua ddu
ddy kho ching fin h i t trong nfim" (12).
Cac ngudn tU hpu trong nUdc vfi qude tl^
cho thtfy, cdc ngudn ldi cd t h l khai thae
dUdc tit viing chau thd', ven cac triln sdng,
tii viing rttog niii vfi bien ca Ifi rdt ldn. Cac
ngudn tfii nguyen do khdng chi phong phii
vl sd* lUdng mfi con da dang ve chung loai.
Dd chinh Ifi cd sd d l phfit triln kinh t l ndi,
ngoai thUdng ma minh chiing tieu bilu Ifi
kha nfing huy dpng nguon hfing hda vl Hgi

cha quoc ti hfing nfim tai Hpi An. Tdc gia
Phu Biin tgp luc cho bilt, vfio thdi cdm
quyen cua cac chiia Nguyen, chinh quyln
Dfing Trong da cho Ifip 5 Thufin Hda 7 kho,
d Quang Nam 12 kho de chiia thdc gao vfi
cua cai. Cung theo tac gia thi phu Gia Djnh
vfi Ddng Nai dfi't td't vfio b|ic nhfi't. D6 Ifi
viia liia cua ca xii Dfing Trong. Thdc g^o da
sdm trd thfinh san phdm kinh te' hfing hda,
khong chi cung cfi'p cho T h u ^ Hda mfi con
xufi^t sang Trung Qude vfi nhidu qud'c gia
ldng gilng khu vUc (13).

Vl kinh td' ngogi thUdng, qua mpt
thUdng nhan hp Trdn (ngUdi Quang Dong,
Trung Qude), hpe gia LS Qu^ Ddn tiing ed
nhiing nh^n xdt mang tinh so sanh vl si,!
tUdng dSi khan hid'm hfing hda cua mdt sd'
viing so vdi Quang Nam. d dd, "khdng thii
gi Ifi khdng cd. Phfim hda vfit san xufi't d
Thfing Hoa, Di^n Bfin, Quy Nhdn, Binh
Khang vfi dinh Nha Trang dudng thiiy,
dudng bp, di thuyin, di ngi^a diu hpi tfip d
pho Hdi An... TrUdc dfiy, hfing hda nhilu
Ifim, du trfim chile tfiu to chd ciing mgt liie
ciing khdng h i t dUqfc" (14). Ben canh dd:
"Nhiing san v^t quy phdn nhieu san xufi't
tu mien Nam. XU Thufin Hda, chau Bfic Bo
Chfnh.... san xufi't nhan sam, yIn sfio, mfit
ong, sap ong, siing te, ngfi voi, sting bo tdt,

diem tieu, giang hUdng, trdm hUdng, tdc
hUdng, song, may, go mun, go Um, go hoa
hoe, goi hoa nu, go kiln kiln..." (15). Cung
chung quan diem do, C. Borri ciing cho
rdng: "Nhiing thUdng gia chau Au budn
ban d day diu noi rfing cua cai cua Dang
Trong con nhieu hdn ca Trung Hoa mfi
chiing tdi bilt la Dang Trong rfi't giau cd vl
mpi thU" (16).
Cung vdi hai nhan to neu trln, sU thinh
dgt cua kinh ti Ddng Trong cbn Id do cdc
chua Nguyen dd thiic thi chinh sack
khuyen thitffng mgnh me. Cac chua nhU
Nguyen Hofing (1558-1613), Nguyin Phiic
Nguyin (1613-1635)... da cd nhilu Uu dai
vfi tao dieu kidn thufin Idi cho thUdng nhfin
ngoai qude den budn ban, thiet Ifip cd sd
thUdng mai. Theo Dgi Nam thUc luc tien
bien thi: "Bfi'y gid, chiia d trfi'n hdn mUdi
nfim, ehinh si^ rdng rai, quSn l^nh nghiem
trang, nhfin dfin diu an cU Igc nghipp, ch0
khdng hai gia, khong co trpm cUdp. Thuyen
budn nUdc ngofii din nhilu. Trfi'n trd nen
mdt dd hpi ldn" (17). C. Borri cung cho
rling: "Chiia Dfing Trong khdng ddng ciia


Rghtan curu Ljeh ai3r. stf 4.ZQ11
trUdc mdt quoc gia nfio, ngfii dl cho t\f do
vfi md cda cho tfi't ca ngUdi ngogi qude,

ngudi Hfi Lan ciing tdi nhU nhiing ngudi
khac, cUng vdi tfiu chd rfi't nhilu hfing hda
cua hp" (18). Bdn cgnh dd, chinh quyln
Nguyin cdn thict l§p m^t hd thing kilm
sofit an ninh ch$t che nhfim bao dam cho
cfic hogt dpng kinh tl, ddi ngogi d\i(fc diln
ra thufin Ipi, an tofin (19). Nhd c6 hogt ddng
giao thUdng qu6c t l ndn chi trong mdt thdi
gian tUdng doi ngdn, nhilu ngfinh kinh t l
san xufi't hfing hda cua Dfing Trong da cd
nhiing phfit trien vUpt b^e. Cfic thUdng
cang nhu Thanh Hfi (Hue), Hpi An (Quang
Nam), Vung Lfi'm (Phii Yin), Nudc Mfin
(Binh Dinh), Cii Lao Pho (Ddng Nai), Gia
Dinh (Sfii Gon - Chd Ldn), Hfi Tidn (Kiln
Giang)... trd thfinh cdc trung tfim kinh t l
trong nUdc, quoc te'. Trong m^i Uln hd vung
vfi lien ving, giiia cac cang thj vdi trung
tfim san xufi't thu cong, giiia ndi tieu thy
vdi eae ngudn cung cfi'p hfing hda, nguyen
lieu; giiia cac thUdng cang trong nUde vdi
he thing giao thUdng quo'c te, cdc eang nhU
Thanh Hfi, Hpi An, Nudc Mfin (20), Hfi
TiSn... da trd thanh ciia ngo, trung tfim
kinh tl^ doi ngogi quan trpng nhfi't cua
Dfing Trong.
2. Cdc mgt h a n g san xuaft t h u cong
Vdi Dfing Trong, vipe trdng dfiu, nuoi
tdm, ddt lua Ifi nghl truyin tho'ng vfi rd't
phat triln d xit Quang. Tii nfim 1553, trong

0 chdu can luc, tac gia Dudng Vfin An cho
bilt 6 huy$n Didn Bfin cd xa "Lang Chfiu cd
nhilu lya trdng" (21). Theo m^t s l nhd
nghien ciiu, thdi bfi'y gid, cdc thi? thu cong,
nghd nhan d$t lya Dfing Trong da bilt kit
h^p giiia truyin thd'ng ddt lya cua xii Bfie
vdi ky thu^t d^t cua ngUdi Chdm vfi Trung
Hoa de san xufi't ra nhiing san phim ddt
ndi tieng nhu td lua hao hang ciia Quang

Ddng (Trung Qude). Hp cd t h l d^t vdc, sa,
dogn, lanh, gfi'm, tritu vdi hoa vfin tinh xao.
Theo Ld Qu^ Ddn thi: 'Td xa ddi ho Nguyin
Id ngudi dinh Quang Nam, phu Thfing Hoa
hpc ddt b ngUdi Bfle khdch, ddi truyin nghl
cho nhau. Cac hfing vdc, sa, lanh, gfi'm,
trifu cai hoa rfi't khdo. 6 Quang Nam lya
t h u l chi la'y d hai phu Thfing Hoa, Didn
Bdn. Din nhU phu Phii Ydn thi cd thif ddt
goi Ifi ddi sa vdc... Phu Dipn Bfin huydn
Phii Chfiu hfing nfim nop lya t h u l 2.350
tdm. Lya Doan Qu$n Cdng trUdc day ldy di
c6ng phii thi rpng 1 thudc 7 tdc, dfii 30
thudc, dfiy nhu nfim s^i. Phu Thdng Hoa,
thupc Hda Chfiu hfing ndm npp lya thul
809 td'm, lya ll 11 tSjn, t h u l Ifi d l dang len
(vua Le), ll Ifi dl bilu quan trllii" (22).
Hiin nhien, khdng chi Id vfit phdm bilu
tdng, td lya cdn Ifi mpt mfit hfing xufi't khfiu
cd gid tri cua Dfing Trong. Tdn mdt chiing

kien nhiing canh ddng rdng ldn trdng dau,
nudi tfim d xii Quang, Giao sT C. Borri dfi c6
nhfing ghi ch6p chi tilt ve nghe trdng dfiu,
dpt lya. Theo dng thi ngudn cung cfi'p td lya
d day "rfi't nhilu vfi dU thiia dl^n ndi ngUdi
Dang Trong khdng nhiing du dung rilng
cho minh mfi cdn ban cho Nh|it Ban vfi gdi
sang vUdng quoc Lfio dl rdi t^ dd ngUdi ta
Igi chuyen din Tfiy Tgng. Thii lya nfiy tuy
khdng thanh vfi mjn nhUng bin vfi ehfic
hdn lya Trung Quoc" (23). Din Dfing Trong
the ky XVII, A.de Rhodes tCtog nhfin xdt
rdng d Dfing Trong cd "nhilu td lya den n5i
cdn diing de dan lUdi vfi b^n day thuyin"
(24). C.Borri cung cho bilt them: "hp cd rfi't
nhieu lya din noi dfin lao dpng vfi ngUdi
nghlo ciing diing hfing ngfiy. Vi thl, da hdn
mpt ldn tdi rd't thich thii khi thtfy dfin dng,
dfin bfi khuan vac da, dfi't, vdi vfi nhflng v^t
lipu tUdng ti^ mfi khdng h i cdn t h ^ gifl eho
fio dpp vfi quy hp m|ic khoi rfich hay bdn"
(25).


e6e ngufln hang TA ftucmg pham..
Cfic logi td lya ciia Dgi Vi^t ndi chung vd
Dfing Trong ndi rieng t^ Ifiu da dupc chia
thfinh nhieu loai. Theo dd, tritu Id logi thd
vfi to sdi; luat Id logi lya thd vd trdn; sa Ifi
logi lya mong vfi trdn; the Id lya nhp mfiu

sang; xuyen Id lya trdn dfiy hdn mfiu sfing;
nhiiu Ifi lua trdn, dfiy vfi bin; Id chinh Ifi
logi lya dpt bdng td non vdi nhfing dudng
nhd soc diu nhau vfi nhudm den; ldnh Ifi
lua trdn, dfiy vfi nhudm den; dogn ciing Ifi
mdt logi lanh nhfing chfi't lupng td't hdn; vdc
Ifi lua bdng min cd ddt hoa ldn, dfiy, chd't
lUdng cao hdn vfi gdm Ifi lya hoa cao cfi'p.
Cac tfiu, thuyin budn nUdc ngofii thUdng
den eang thi Hpi An vfi mpt so' thUdng cang
khfie dl mua eac san phdm ddt. ThUdng
nhan Bd Dfio Nha, Hd Lan... mua nhieu cac
san phdm d€t, trong khi do Hoa thUdng,
Nhfit thUdng thudng mua td song (26).
Trong cac cay trdng, mia vd cac che
phfim tii mia da trd thanh mpt trong nhfing
san phdm xufi't khdu noi tieng cua Dfing
Trong. Nhieu cd sd c h i bien dUdng cua
ngudi Vilt va ngudi Hoa da dUde xfiy dyng
d xii Quang Nam, Quang Ngai... nhfi't Ifi
viing dpc theo song Thu Bdn vfi Vu Gia.
NgUdi ta san xufi't mfit mia, dudng banh,
dudng phen, dudng phdi... cae san phfim
nfiy dUdc thUOng nhfin Trung Hoa, Nh|kt
Ban rfi't Ua chupng (27). Theo thUdng gia
Phap Pierre Birre (den Hpi An nfim 17441745) thi: "Moi miia hpi chd d Hpi Pm cd t h l
bfin cho thUdng nhfin nUde ngofii tfi 20 den
60 tdh dudng efic loai. Dudng d day rfi't
nhieu vfi cdn cd 80 thuyen budn mdi chd
h i t dUdc" (28).

Vfio t h l ky XVI-XVIII, eung nhu mfit
hdng td lua, san phdm cua cdc 16 gom sfi
nhu Dung Cam, Cam Quyi't, My CUdng,
My Xa, Thanh Hfi, Gd Sanh (29)... da dUpc
xudt den nhilu nUdc Dong Nam A, viing
Viin Dong vfi cae cae quoc gia chfiu Au

(30). Theo chuyin gia nghiin cfiu gim sfi
Nh§t Ban Hasebe Gakuji thl: "Cfic tfiu
budn (Nh^t Ban) dd'n Vidt Nam mua td
sing, hfing lya, hUdng li^u vfi cfic loai tgp
hda ddng thdi cdn mua mpt khoi lUc^ng dd
gim afi Vidt Nam. Diiu nfiy ed t h l chfing
minh bdng nhilu di v^t cdn nguyin vpn
hidn nay vfin cdn liiu gifl d Nhfit Ban" (31).
Vdo t h l ky XVII, nhilu gia dinh thUdng gia
gifiu cd vfi cfic phfii trfi dgo da tUu gifi cfic
dd "gom sfi An Nam". Thdi thuyin budn
Chfiu fi'n, ehiia Nguyin da t$ng cho tUdng
quan Nhdt Ban nhilu dd sfi dpp nhu chdn
uong trfi "An Nam hon^' vdi men xanh lam
diem mfiu dd, vg cfinh sen hay xanh lyc rfi't
Ipng ldy. Ngay ca trong thdi k^ tda quoc
(sakoku, 1639-1853) dd gom sfi, sfinh Dai
Vipt vdn dupc thuyen budn Trung Hoa, Hfi
Lan dua din Nhfit Ban. Cfic san phdm dd
dfi cd anh hudng dd'n nghe ldm gdm sfi
Nhfit Ban. Nhfing nghien ciiu thdi gian qua
d Sakai, Osaka, Nagasaki vfi nhieu thfinh
thi, cang thj khac eua Nhfit Ban cho thdy

gom afi Dai Vipt, ca Dfing Ngoai vfi Dfing
Trong, da dUtjfc xufi't sang Nhfit Ban. Hi$n
nay, vdi aii xufi't hipn mpt so lUdng ldn goin
sdnh Vipt Nam, nhieu nhd nghien cfiu cho
rdng, sU hipn dipn ciia ddng gom Vi^t
khong chi thudn tuy la cde vfit dung mfi cdn
Ifi cac san phdm thii edng, my nghp. Com,
sfinh Vidt da dupc ngudi Nhfit h i t sfic Ua
chuong trong cac sinh hogt vdn hoa nhU
nghp thu|kt cfim hoa (ekebana), trfi dgo
(chado) (32).
Cimg vdi efic mfit hfing thii, my nghp
neu tren, Dfing Trong cdn xufi't ra nUdc
ngofii dd go chgm khdc, mpe, gidy quyln...
Tren thUc te, thfit khd cd t h l hinh dung ed
mpt thdi dgi thUdng mgi thinh dat d Dfing
Trong mfi khdng cd vai trd tieh cUc ciia
nghe ddng thuyin, lam mpe. Do cd thl khai
thae d u ^ mpt so loai go qu^ d^c bipt Ifi go
sao md Ifing mpe Kim Bdng (Hpi An)


Rghlfin e(hi Ljch ailr. ad 4.2011
chuyen ddng ghe bdu trd ndn nd'i tiing. Ghe
bdu Kim Bong cung cd'p cho nhilu xit Dfing
Trong vfi nhu v^y nd cung Ifi mdt san phfim
hfing hda. Lfing nghl nfiy cdn san xufi't
nhilu Ban phdm gia dyng, mjf nghd h i t sfic
tinh xao phyc vy cho cfic hogt ddng giao
thUdng. Ngofii ra, nhilu viing cdn nii tiing

vl nghl rdn, nghl diic, Ifim my nghd, hdng
thilc, ddt chilu, ldm ndn, Ifim gidy... Cdc
m$t hfing nfiy khdng chi budn ban d Dfing
Trong mfi con xufi't sang cfic nUdc trong dd
c6 Trung Hoa, Nh§t Ban (33).
3. Cdc n ^ d n lam tho sdn
Lfi viing dfi't rfi't phong phii vl diiu ki^n
tu nhien, Dfing Trong lfi xfi ad cung cfi'p cfic
ngudn dupc li^u, gd qujr vd nhilu logi san
v^t khai thfic tfi nhfing cfinh rCUig nguyin
sinh. Cac san vfit nfiy h i t sfic phong phii vfi
dupe cae thUdng nhan nUdc ngofii Ua
chupng.
Trude hit, phai ke den eac logi go qu^
nhu go sao, go lim, go tif dfin 6 m^c (g5
mun), go trdc mfit (gd hoa 1$), go thai bfii,
go giang hUdng keo, gd hdng (go sdn).... Vl
cac loai go qu^ ciia Dfing Trong, Ll Quy
Ddn nhfin xdt: "Hai xfi Thu$n Quang eho
go td't nhfi't lfi go hoa 1§, tyc gpi lfi trdc m$t,
thd nhd min, cd miii thdm nhU mia nUdng,
mdu sdc trUdc dd sau den, tinh bin, khdng
mpt, ngUdi ta phdn nhilu diing ldm rUdng
hdm, bfin ghi, ddn ki^u vd cac dd dfing; cd
thfi tin lfi thai bfii, sdc trdng nhU ngd voi,
uon khdng gay, cd t h l ldm can giao vfi Ifim
cdn ddi rfi't tot. Gd hdng tyc gpi lfi g6 sdn,
sdc dd vang nhu sdn ddu, bin ehfic mim
min; gd giang hUdng keo thi sfic tfa vfing,
tinh rdt ben, hoa vdn xody trdn, c6 khi nhu

xoay trdn dc, tidn dd diing, ldm rUdng hdm
diu tot" (34). Ngofii ra, ede canh rfing cdn
cd cdc ngudn Ifim tho san khdc nhU ddu rdi,
sdn song... day ehinh Id ngudn nguyin li§u

khdng t h l thilu trong xfiy di^ng, kiln tnic,
nghl mde vfi ddng thuyin.
Ciing vdi g6 qu^, Dfing Trong cdn dUi?e
coi lfi xii sd cua trdm hUdng. Cfic logi trdm
(ky nam) trdm hUdng, k h i trdm, hdc dfin
Gogi gd thdm, cdn gpi lfi chiln dfin?)... Trdm
hUdng Id san v^t n6i tiing, nhilu thUdng
nhdn qude t l din Dfing Trong vdi myc tilu
trpng ylu lfi d l tim mua trdm. Cfic qude gia
theo Ph^t gido, Hdi gido diu rdt Ua chudng
trdm vi nhfing tfic dyng da ndng eua nd.
Trdm hUdng san ra tfi cfiy gid trdm, cd b
nhilu vfing nhUng theo Ld Qu^ Ddn thi
trdm eiia Binh Thudn, Khdnh Hda Id cd
chfi't lU(?ng cao nhflit. Tdc gia Phu biin tgp
luc vilt: "Ky nam hUdng xufi't tU ddu mii
cdc xa thudc hai phu Binh Khang vfi Dien
Khdnh xfi Quang Nam lfi thfi t i t nhfl^t;
xufi't ty Phii Yin vfi Quy Nhdn lfi thfi hai.
HUdng fi'y lfi do rupt cay gid k i t thfinh. Gid
cd ba logi: gid lUdi trau thl thfinh kho trdm,
gid nidt thi thfinh trdm hUdng, gid bdu thi
thfinh ky nam hUdng... Hp Nguyin trUdc
dfit ddi am sdn, hfing ndm cfi thang 2 thl di
tim kil'm, thdng 6 thi trd vl sl^ du^c nhilu

it khdng nhfi't djnh... Ky nam cd thl chfia
bdnh tning phong, ddm suyin, efm khdu,
mpi chiing, mdi vfio nUdc mfi rd vd dit khdi
cho hdi hUdng vfio mui thi tinh Igi ngay.
Dau byng ddy tfic thi ng^m lfi khdi ngay.
Lgi ed t h l trii dfi^c tfi u l khf, ndn trong ch5
hfinh dich, hfinh qufin khdng t h l khdng
dfing" (35).
A.de Rhodes ciing ddnh gid r i t cao gid
trj cua cdc logi trdm. Trong nhdn thfic ciia
dng thi: "d khdp t h l gidi chi cd d Dfii^
Trong lfi c6 thfi cfiy danh til'ng gpi Id trdm
hUdng, g5 rdt thdm, dfing Ifim thuoc. Cd ttft
ca ba logi: logi quy nhfi't lfi "Camlamba"
hUdng thdm tuy$t di$u, dfing d l b^ tim vd
chd'ng h i t cac thfi noc dpc. 6 xfi nfiy gia
trdm nhfi gid vfing. Hai loai khdc lfi


eae ngudn hang vt thirong ph&n...
"aquUa" vfi "calamboue" thdng thUdng,
khdng t i t bdng logi thfi nhfi't nhfing ciing
cd hidu lUe td't" (36). Trong ky si^ cua minh,
C. Borri cung eho rfing: 'Tdi ae ndi ddi diiu
v l mot loai go ma ngUdi ta cho rdng dd lfi
loai hfing quy bfiu nhfi't mfi ngUdi ta cd thl
thdy b Dfing Trong so vdi cdc vUdng qude
khdc. Dd lfi trdm hUdng nil til'ng Calamba,
chfing giong nhau ve cay nhUng khdc nhau
vl aii Ua thfch vd kha nfing chfia bdnh.

Nhiing cfiy do cao vfi rfi't to, nhfing ngpn
niii ciia ngfidi Thfi(^g cd rfi't nhilu. Nlu go
IfiTy tren than cay edn non nd trd thdnh
trdm hUdng vfi loai nfiy rfi't nhilu, ngudi ta
ddh IfiTy bao nhilu nlu hp muon. Nlu gd ldy
trln thfin cfiy gifi thi nd trd thanh Calamba
(tfic 1^ nam). Thfit khd cd the Um thdy logi
nfiy...
Mpi ngudi ed t h l ban trdm hUdng tfiy
thich, nhUng ky nam lfi logi hfing ehi thupc
rilng v l chua mfi thdi... Ky nam ban tgi cho
lfi 5 ddng du-ca (tiln y) mdt llvre (niia kill),
nhiing d tai cang Dfing Trong ndi ngUdi ta
budn ban nd, ky nam ixttfc ban ddt hdn
nhieu, khong dudi 16 ddng du-ca mpt livre.
Din Nhfit Ban 1^ nam ed gia 200 ddng duca, nhUng ne'u no lfi mdt mieng cd the dfing
Ifim chile g& thi ngUdi Nhfit tra vdi gid 300
hay 400 ddng du-ca mpt hvre. Chile goi
bdng ky nam d u ^ eoi lfi xfing dang vdi mdt
vj qude vUdng hay vj chua (37)...
Mpt mdn ldi ldn nh^t mfi ehua cd t h l
ban cho mpt thuyin tnidng Malaysia lfi cho
phip mpt thuyen budn trdm hfidng bdi vi
nhflng tin dd dao Bfilamdn vfi tfn dd gido
phai Banian cua An Dd, do phong tyc hda
tang ngfidi chit bdng go thdm, dd lfi ly do
ngUdi ta dfing trdm hUdng khdng ngiing vdi
80 lupng vd ciing ldn" (38). Tfi Ifiu, hdc dfin
lfi mpt logi go thdm mfi cac tin dd theo Ph^t
gido mua vl, che nhd hofic nghiin thfinh

bdt dl Ban xudt hUdng thdp trong cfic chfia
thd Phdt ho$c dl hoa tdng ngudi qud cl.
Cfing vdi trdm, qui" lfi mdt dUije lidu quy
vfi dUqic cdc qud'c gia dn ddi b khu vi^c Ddng
Bdc A nhu Trung Qudc, Trilu Tiln, Hfin
Quic, Nhdt Ban rfi't Ua chudng. Vfing ning
nguydn sinh d miln Tfiy huydn Hd Ddng,
phii Thfing Hoa nay Id huydn Trfi My, Tidn
Phude, PhUdc Sdn cd diiu kidn tho nhudng
vfi khf hdu rfi't phfi hc^p vdi BU sinh trUdng
cua cfiy qui, khiln q u i cd nhilu tinh ddu.
Huydn Q u i Sdn phu Di^n Bfin eung ed
nhilu q u i rfing. Ngofii ra, cfiy q u i cdn dfi^
trdng trong vudn nhfi, gpi lfi q u i vUdn hay
q u i ddn, chfi't lUdng khong tot bdng q u i
rifng. Cdc vfing cd que td't hfing nfim phai
ndp t h u l eho chfia Nguyen theo 1§ dfic bidt
lfi logi dfing dl Ifim thuoc chfia bdnh trong
cung cQnh. Ngudn Thu Bon (huydn Qui
Sdn), ngudn Chidn Dfin (huydn Hfi Ddng)
moi nfim ndp ba thanh q u i thUpng thfipng
hgng.
Thdng thudng, mdi nfim cd hai mfia bdc
q u i lfi mfia tien (thang 2 - 4 am lich) vd
mfia hfiu (thang 3 - 9). Que Quang Nam nd'i
tiing tfi xa xUa ve chfi't Ifipng. Ngfidi xUa
que quy nhfi bao vfit vfi que vfing Trd My Id
loai tot nhdt. Dfidi thdi cac chfia Nguyin,
hfing nfim eang thi Hpi An da bfin cho

ngfidi nfidc ngofii 2.000 tSh qul^ cdc logi.
ThUdng nhan ngfidi Hoa eho rfing nhgc q u i
d Dfing Trong rfi!t tot. Qui' khdng chi dfipc
xem nhu mdt logi thdn du^c mfi cdn d u ^
sii dyng trong vfin hda dm thi^c. Qui xufi't
khdu b Hpi An trUde dfiy dxlcfc di^ng trong
cdc thfing bdng go do th(;f mpe Kim Bong
ddng. Cho din nay, q u i Trfi My cua Vipt
Nam vfin dudc coi lfi logi q u i tot nhfi't trln
thi trudng qudc tM. Ngudi Nhfit Ban, Trilu
Tiln... diu rfft chupng dfing q u i cua miln
Trung, Vipt Nam.


Kghian CUTI Uch ai^. ad 4.2011
Cfing vdi qui, mia... cfi dfin Dfing Trong
cdn trdng nhilu cau. Cfiy cau thudng dupe
trdng trong vudn nhfi hay trdng thfinh rfing
do t$p quan fin trdu cua ngUdi Vidt. Cau
cfing ed t h l dfing dl chfia bdnh, tri giun
sfin. Ll Quy Ddn tfing cho bilt: "Cau b
Thu^n Hda bon mfia diu cd, mim non mfi
ngot, gid rfi't re 10 qua chi 2 ddng. Tyc d
Quang Binh cfi dudi mpt cfiy cau thi trdng
mdt cfiy trdu khdng, hay m^t cfiy hd tidu
eho phy vfio, vudn rfing um tfim. 6 chfin
nui Ai Van cfing cdc xit phudng Lgc,
phudng Gia, phudng Rfiy thudc Quang
Nam, eau mpe thdnh rfing, qua gid da sdm,
ngudi dja phUdng Ifi'y hgt chfi't cao nhu gd,

tfiu Bfic mua chd vl Quang Ddng, bdn uong
thay che" (39). Tac gia cfing cho bilt them:
"Gia Dinh rfi't nhilu cau. Nggn ngfi ndi:
"Gia Dinh nhd't thoc nhi cau", dfin dja
phfidng thudng bd khdng thu, cau gifi Id'y
hgt ban cho ngudi Hoa" (40). Pierre Poirre
cfing cho bilt thuyen budn Trung Hoa,
Nhat Ban chd hfing den Hpi An di ban vfi
mua nhilu mfit hdng ciia Dfing Trong trong
do CO hgt cau.
Dudi thdi edm quyln cua chfia Nguyin,
ho tilu Id mpt trong nhfing san phim xufi't
khdu cd gifi tri. 6 xfi Quang, cay tilu dfipc
trdng trong vfidn hay mpe tfi nhien tren
rfing vfi dfipc khai thae dl ban cho thj
trudng npi dia vfi xufi't khdu. Cdc thuyin
buon Nhat Ban, Trung Hoa, Bd Dfio Nha,
Hfi Lan, Xiem La... thudng mua hd tieu b
Hdi An, Thu$n Hda. Dfing Trong edn bdn
ra thudc la, bdng vfi hgt sen. Thdi bdy gid,
vide trdng thudc la d cdc phu Didn Bfin,
Thfing Hoa lfi nghl truyin thing vfi ngUdi
ta da trong dfipc nhfing giong thudc Id
thdm ngon noi tiing.
Ben canh dd, Dfing Trong cdn cd ngudn
dUde li^u cd ngudn goc thyc vfit nhu hdi, sa
nhfin, thao qua, dfiu khfi'u, td mde, long

nao, trdm cdc logi. Ngofii ra con ed da ho,
ngfi voi, sfing t l gidc, xg hfidng, sdp ong,

gfin nai, gfin hUdu. Cdc dUpe Udu cd ngudn
gde ddng v4t nhfi m^t gfl'u, h i clt, nhung
hUdu, mdt ong, sfing t l gide... Theo cac tfii
lidu y hpc cl, xg hfidng hay cdn gpi lfi
nguydn thin hfidng hay ngp tti lfi mdt v\
thudc y hpc ddn t ^ phUdng Ddng dfing dl
trd'n kinh, thdng kinh lgc, hdi sinh, trfi
tning phong. TUdng tfi nhU vdy, sttng tl
gific lfi v) thudc quy, Ifim mat huylt, d)nh
kinh, giai ddc, chfia Bd't cao hda dign, sot
vfing da, tr) ung dpc, h^u bdi, nhfic ddu,
chay mfiu cam. Sfing t l gidc lfi ngudn hfing
cd nhilu ciia xfi Quang, dupe bfin vdi gia
eao 500 quan mpt ta (41).
4. Cfic akn vgt ttf bien
Dfing Trong cd mdt vfing bien sau, gifiu
cd vl tai nguyin. C. Borri tifng cho rfing:
"Lfi ngfidi dd di khfip eae bien vd da di qua
cac nfidc hinh nhfi tdi khdng tim thtfy d dau
nghl cfi vfi cfi cd the so sanh dfide vdi Dfing
Trong... Ngfidi Dfing Trong thfch fin cfi hdn
dn thit vi vfly mfi hp mai me danh ea" (42).
Mfit khfic, cfing cd t h l thfi'y, do tac ddng eua
diiu kipn sinh thai, lgi kl^ thfia truyin
thing hudng biln eua ngudi Chdm, cfi dan
duyen hai Dfing Trong da giao hda vdi biln
ca, gidi nghl di biln, khai thfic hai san. Cac
Ban v^t tfi biln nhU vfiy, bdng cd, tdm cfi
khd, muoi... khdng chi dupc trao doi d cdc
ch

Thupng (Trudng Sdn - Tfiy Nguyin) vfi xufi't
ra nfidc ngofii vdi sS* lupng ldn.
Trln cdc dao Ddng Trong, d^c bipt Id
vfing Hodng Sa ed nhilu hai sfim, ddi moi,
dc hoa, giai, ba ba, dupc khai thdc qua
nhilu th^ hd- Dgi Nam thUc luc tiin bUn
ghi ro: "d ngofii biln, v l xa An Vinh, huydn
Binh Sdn, tinh Quang Ngai, ed hdn 130 bai
cdch nhau hofic di mot ngfiy dudng, ho$c
vdi trd'ng eanh, kdo ddi khdng bilt mdy


Q&c ngudn hhng vp thirong pham...
ngfin dfim, tyc gpi lfi "Van Ly TrUdng Sa".
Trln bai cd gilng nUdc ngpt. San v^t cd hai
sam, ddi mdi, le hoa, vfch, ba ba v.v..." (43).
Le Quy Ddn tiing cho biet; "Ben dao cd vd
so yIn sfio; cfic thfi chim cd hfing nghin
vgn... Bin bai vdt la rfi't nhilu. Oe vfin thi
cd dc tai voi to nhu chile chilu, byng cd hgt
to bdng ddu ngdn tay... Cde thuyin ngogi
phien bi bao thudng dfiu d dao nfiy. TrUdc
ho Nguyen ddt dpi Hodng Sa 70 sud't... Lfi'y
dupc hda vfit cua tfiu nhU lfi gUdm ngpa,
hoa bgc, tiln bac, hdn dan, dd ddng, khdi
thilc, khdi chi, sfing, ngfi voi, sap ong, dd
sfi, do chiln, ciing lfi kiem Ifipm vd ddi mdi,
vd hai ba, hai sam hot dc vfin rfi't nhilu"
(44). Dudi thdi Nguyin Phfie Nguyin,
thUdng gia ngfidi Nhfit Araki Sataro da

gifip chua hfing nam to ehfic dpi thuyin ra
qudn dao Hoang Sa de thu lUdm hfing hda,
vfi khi eiia cac tfiu, thuyin bi dam vfi hai
v§t (45).
Trong cac san v^t tfi bien, to' yen (yIn
sao) khdng chi la mpt logi thfic phdm cao
cd'p, bo dudng dUde che bien eac mdn dn
dfing trong eung dinh vd cac gia quyln quy ma edn la san phfim xufi't khfiu
cd gifi tri. Vao the ky XVIII, gid yen lfi 200
quan mdt ta, so vdi ngfi voi lfi 40 quan vfi
Sling te la 500 quan. O phu Thdng Hoa
trong cdc hang Kho, Tai, Ca, Td Vd... vfing
Cfi Lao Chfim cd nhilu td' yIn. O phu Quy
Nhcta, tren efic eac dao d cfia bien Tan
Quan, Thdi Phu, Nfidc Ngpt, Nfidc Mfin,
diu cd dao ed nhilu yen sfio. Ngofii bien
phii Binh Thudn thi cd nui Cdn Ldn, rdng
m^y nghin ddm, cfing cd nhilu yIn sfio. Dd
Id nhfing viing cd cfic hang da rfi't phfi hpp
cho afi sinh trUdng ciia chim yIn (cdn goi lfi
du ba da'u, huyen dieu, hdi yen). Chim yl'n
thudng Ifim to' mdi nfim 2 ldn vfio thdng Ba
vfi thdng Tam. Tac gia Phu Biin tgp luc
cho bilt: "Xa Thanh Chfiu, phu Thdng Hoa,

dinh Quang Nam cd nghl lfi'y yIn sfio... Ifip
ddi Thanh Chfiu dl lfi'y yIn" (46). Cfin c\i
vfio mfiu sfic, kich thUde, khoi lUpng ngudi
ta phdn ydn thfinh cae loai: huylt, hdng,

quan, thidn, bdi, dia, vyn (47). Trong dd,
yIn huylt lfi cd gid trj cao nhfi't, dupc coi lfi
mdt thdn dupe.
Lfi mdt san vfit quy nen ehinh quyln
Dfing Trong da thfic thi che dp kilm aofit
rfi't ch$t chS tfi viec khai thae, che biln den
sii dyng to yIn. Ngudi dfin ad tai thu lupm
hay khai thfic dupc to yen diu ndp cho
quan sd tai dl chuyen dang len chfia thi
dfipc miem t h u l thfin. Tfi Thanh Chfiu,
nhilu ngudi chuyen nghl lfi'y yl'n da tim
den cde phu Thdng Hoa, Dien Bdn, Quy
Nhdn, Phfi Yen, Binh Khang, Didn Khdnli,
Gia Dinh dl khai thae yen. "Hang nfim efi
din thfing 2 phai nop 120 to yIn non... mdi
ngfidi khai thae yIn hang trang nop 2 cfin
yen ado hodc bfing tiln 2 quan, hgng dan
moi ngudi nop 1 can 8 lang, hgng lao vfi
hgng dinh moi ngUdi nop 1 cfin, ca xa npp
le thudng tan, dinh dan 1.500 to'. Nfim Mfiu
Ty t h u l yl'n sfio nop bdng tien la 773 quan
1 tiln 30 ddng" (48). Gido si A.de Rhodes
cho rfing: "Cung chi d Dang Trong mdi ed td
yen, ngudi ta thudng cho vao chfio vfi thit.
Cd mdt hUdng vi dfic bipt thUdng lfi mdn fin
eao cfi'p cua ong hoang, bfi chiia. Nd trdng
nhu tuylt. Ngudi ta tim thdy trong mdy nui
da ven bien, ddi dipn vdi dfi't Hin cd trdm
hUdng, ngofii ra khdng dau cd. Tdi nghi
chim yIn da hut nhfia cay trdm vfi tfi nhfia

dd trdn vdi bpt bien, vi the to yen vfia trdng
vfia ed vj ngon. Ngfidi ta khdng fin rieng mfi
nfi'u ehung vdi ea hay thjt" (49). Nhfi v$y,
nhin chung ehi cd chfia vfi gidi quan lai,
quy tpc mdi ed t h l sii dyng yl'n sfio efing
ede logi hofing hda hiem quy khae. ThUdng
gia nUde ngofii nhU Tnmg Quoc, Nhfit Ban


Rghien eiiru Ljch si^. ad 4.ZQ11
mud'n cd dupc nhfing adn v^t quy dd thUdng
phai dfing bgc ndn.
Trong cdc vyng biln d Cfi Lao Chfim
cung cd nhilu ddi mdt. Dli vdi cfic nUdc
phUdng Ddng ddi mdi dUpc dfing Ifim thuic.
NhUng thUdng nhfin phUdng Tfiy lgi
thudng mua dl trang tri. Theo tfii lidu y
hpc ed' thl ddi mdi hay cdn gpi lfi dgi mgo Id
V) thudc y hpc dfin tdc dfing ehd'ng kinh
gian, mfi sang, chfla ung nhpt, sfing tfi'y vd
ndt d^u mfia bj den. Bdn cgnh dd, xfi cfi Id
san v^t dupc khai thdc nhilu n h i t d Dfing
Trong tfi Cfi Lao Chfim, bfin dao Sdn Trfi
din Hofing Sa. Ll Quy Ddn eho vilt: "Xfi cfi
san d Quang Nam, tnidc khdng cd t h u l
thudng. Cd dfing dl trang sfic thi quan Dd
gia hg ldnh cho quan cdng dudng xii dy
truyin cho cdc xa thon, phUdng tim mua d^
ndp hofic 4.500 cai ho^c vfii ngdn cdi. NgUdi
xfi Thufin Hda hay dfing dl trang afic khay

vudng, hop trdn, hdm mu, ehudi kiem. O
Chiim Thfinh vfi Cao Mien, khay hpp trang
afic bfing xa cfi thi kham ldn cdc thiiy tinh
nhd, xanh bile nic rd" (50).
Hiin nhien, do sd hfiu mpt vfing bien
adu, cd ndng quanh nfim nen cfi dfin dilm
diln Ddng Trong cung san xufi't nhilu
mudi. Chdc hfin muoi dd dUdc cung ed'p cho
ldm mdm vfi cung ed'p cho cU dfin cfic vfing
nfii cao. Chfnh quyln khdng ehi dfinh t h u l
mull mfi cdn danh thul' mfim, t h u l ddu cd,
t h u l rong biln, thul^ cdu, t h u l lUdi... d
phudng Ddng An, phu Binh Thu^n, Quang
Nam hdng ndm cd 75 ngudi npp 75 vd ddu
cd thay eho sUu Ifnh.
6. Cfic nguon kho&ng skn
Theo cac nhd dja chdt, vfing Quang Nam
ndi rilng vfi Ddng Trong ndi chung ndm
trpn trong vfing ehuyin tilp gifia hai khli
kli'n tgo dja chfi't ldn: dja khii Hon Tum vd
dia khoi cuon n i p Tnidng Sdn. Sfi v^n ddng

ciia hai dja khSi dd da tgo ra trong ldng dd't
xa Quang - Ddng Trong nhilu logi mo
khodng san phong phfi vfi da dgng.
Dfidi thdi Nguyin, ngudn hfing xuKt
khfi'u gdm ed hogt thgch, thilt phdn, h i
phdeh, dd quy, trdn chfiu vfi d$c bidt lfi
vfing. A.de Rhodes dfi vilt rfing: "Cd nhilu
md vfing d Dfing Trong, nhilu hd tilu mfi

ngUdi Trung Hoa tdi mua" (51). Theo Ll
Quy Ddn thi d xfi Quang Nam cd nhilu niii
san xufi't vdng. Dgo Trd T l b nui nhilu
vdng. Dgo Trfi Nd d sdng cd nhilu vdng...
Hp Nguyin d$t hd dai vfing d cdc phii gpi lfi
thydc Kim hd— 86 Kim hd vd nhfing ngfidi
Ifim nghl khai thfic, budn bfin vfing d
Quang Nam, Quy Nhdn, Phu Yin lin tdi
hfing chye nghin ngudi. Cd nhflng ngfidi
nhu Giang Thuyin da mua rilng mdt qua
niii, ty khai thdc ldy dem bdn khdp ndi,
"dem din p h i Hpi An ban cho cfic nhfi budn
khach hfing nfim khdng dUdi trln mpt ngfin
hot" (52).
Nhilu ngudi nUde ngofii di'n xfi Quang
thdi chua NguySn deu ndi v l si^ gifiu cd cua
vdng aa khodng d dfiy. C.Borri dfi vilt:
"Dfing Trong cd rfi't nhilu md kim logi quy,
nhfi't lfi md vfing" (53). Gifio si Phdp
BInigme Vachet da sing gdn 15 nfim d Hdi
An da ghi lgi: "Ngudi ta thd'y d Dfing trong
rfi't nhilu vfing cfim... Loai vfing nfiy
thudng dupc bdn dfii tgi cdc suli nUde tfi
nfii do xud'ng. Tdi da dfipc nhin thdy nhiing
thdi vdng rdng bdng nhiing hgt nhdn cd
vfia phai. Nhflng ngUdi budn ban trong xii
thi cd mdt ft, rieng chua thi cd rd't nhilu.
Nhfing ngfidi nUdc ngofii di'n budn ban d
Dfing Trong da mang ve theo mdt s l vdng
khd nhilu" (64). ThUdng gia Phap Pierre

Poivre da dfinh mdt myc ndi vl vdng ciia xfi
Quang: "Cdc md vdng cd til'ng thu^c Dinh
Chiim (tfic Dinh trfi'n Quang Nam) d m^t
dia diem gpi Id Phunrac cdch Hdi An gdn


CAc ngufin hang vt thirong ph&n...
tam d|im (?)... Tgi ndi tdi trtic tid'p quan sat,
thinh thoang ngfidi ta nh$t dUpe nhflng eye
vdng rdng n§ng khoang 2 ao-xd (0,28g = 1
ao-xd). Vdng dfide thu gom dUdi dgng vdng
cfim hodc tfing eye nhd rdi nfi'u thfinh thdi,
mang ra chd ban nhfi mpi thfi hfing hda
khdc". Vfi dng k i t lu^in: "Dfing Trong lfi xfi
sd cua vfing, vfing d dfiy tdit, dpp vfi tinh
khilt nhfi't t h l gidi" (55). Thdi chua Nguyin
Phiie Nguyen, dng da eho l^p cdc cdng
trudng khai thdc vfing aa khofing vdi sS
Ifipng hfing ngfin nhaji cdng vfi l$p Ty Kim
Tudng gdm nhilu thd dfit vfing dl thip
vfing cdc dd dfing trong cung dinh. Dfidi
thdi Nguyin, d Ddng Trong cfic kim hp (hd
khai thdc vdng) d eac cdng tnidng khai thdc
vfing hdng nfim phai npp thul: ngudn Lo
Ddng 70 Igng, ngudn Thu Bdn 38 lang 3
ddng 1 phan. Vdng d xfi Quang mua vdo
thdi gian khdng cd hpi ehp quoc t l thi re,
dem ve Quang Dong ban cd t h l ldi 100%.

6. NhiJTng nguon h a n g ngoai n h a p

Trong ed t h l phdt triln Hdi chd quoc ti.
Theo C. Borri thi: "Ngfidi Hoa vd ngfidi
Nh$t lfi nhfing ngUdi Ifim thUdng mgi chinh
ylu d xfi Ddng Trong tgi mdt chp phidn hpp
hfing nfim d mdt hai cang vfi kdo dfii tdi
chiing bd'n thdng. Ngfidi Nhdt chd trfin
thuyin cua hp lupng hfing gifi trj bdng bfTn
hay nfim tridu bac cdn ngUdi Hoa chd trgn
logi thuyin "somes" (thuyin mfinh) rfi't
nhilu thfi lya mjn vd nhilu thfi hfing hda
khde eua xfi hp. Chfia thu dfipc Ipi nhu^n
ldn trong vide budn bfin nfiy bdng t h u l
hfing hda vfi t h u l hai khdu ngfii d$t ra vfi
ea nfidc diu kil'm dupc nhilu moi Ipi khong
t h l tinh hit" (56). Vfio t h l ky XVII-XVIII,
Dang Trong thfidng xufi't sang Nhfit Ban td
sing, cdc m$t hdng td lya, nhfia long nao,
ky nam, dudng phin, da cd, hgt cau kho,
sdn sd'ng, dd sfinh sfi. Trong khi dd, thfidng
nhfin Bd Dfio Nha mua cde m$t hfing td
sing, hd tilu, trdm hUdng, eac hfing dpt
bdng td, hdc dfin, dudng, xg hUdng, q u i tit,
gao nip... cdn gidi doanh thUdng Hfi Lan lai
nhfip cfic mfit hang td lua, dudng, trdm
hfidng, lua ggo, xa hfidng, ngfi voi, vang.
Thfidng nhan Trung Hoa mua cdc mdt
hang hd tieu, sdn song, ky nam, ngfi voi, td
song, trdm hfidng, dudng, go. Cac logi hfing
khdc ciia Dfing Trong nhu ho phach, traji

chfiu, da quy cfing dfide thfidng nhfin nhilu
nUdc fia chupng (57).

Do phai dUdng ddu vdi thl^ liic ciia Dang
Ngodi vfi d l bao ve chii quyen, ldnh tho vfio
CUOI the ^ XVI d i u t h l ky XVII, Dfing
Trong da phai nhfip vl nhilu logi vu khf
trong dd chii ylu nhfip dao, kilm ciia Nh^t
Ban, dgi bae eiia Dd Dfio Nha. Nhieu ngudn
tu lidu cho thdy, cfing vdi ai^ phong phfi vl
tfii nguyin thien nhien vfi ede san phdm
thii cdng, nguon hfing cua xfi Quang ndi
rilng vd Dfing Trong ndi chung cdn dfide
nhan lin bdi nhfing m^t hdng md thfidng
nhfin nfidc ngofii dUa den. Nhd dd, Ddng

Diiu dang ehu y lfi, tuy cd nhieu md
vfing vfi sfit nhfing "Hai xfi Quang Nam,
Thufin Hda khdng cd md ddng, nfidc Nhfit
Ban xud't ddng dd, mdi nfim thuyin ho din
thi khiln thu mua, mdi 100 cdn gid tiln 45
quan. Cdn nhU eae tdu ThUpng Hai, Phfic
Kiln, Quang Ddng cd chd ddng dd sang thi
cung phai khai bao dl theo gid md mua,
sau khi nhd nfidc mua mdi cho cfic tfiu mua
bdn" (58). Do thieu ddng nen mpt mfit
chinh quyln Dfing Trong phai nhfip ddng
mfit khac phai tfin thu ddng trong dan

Cfing vdi vang, Dang Trong eung cd

nhilu md sdt. Cdc tdc phdm nhfi 0 chdu
can luc hay Phu biin tgp luc, Dgi Nam
thiic luc tiin biin, Dgi Nam nhdt thong
chi... deu ed nhflng tnnh bdy, khao cfiu cy
t h l v l afi phfin bo' ciia hd thong md, trfi
Ifipng vd cdch thfic khai thfic, sfi dgng sfit
cua eU dan, chfnh quyln Dfing Trong.


Rghien eijru Ljch aiSr. atf 4.ZQ11
gian, thfim chi phai phd cfic vu khi dfi cfi,
hdng dl dfic tiln. Cung do thilu ddng,
ngUdi ta phai pha kem vdi ty Id eao vfio
ddng khi due tiln.
Cd t h l thfi'y, do vfia lfi thj tnidng tilu
thy gifiu tilm ndng vfia Id trung tfim ludn
chuyin hfing hda mang tinh khu vi^c, sfic
tidu thy ciia thj trudng Dfing Trong lfi rfi't
ldn. Theo Phu biSn tgp l^c thi: "Phi Hdi An
xfi Quang Nam, ndi ddng, mdm ddng do tdu
Tfiy phUdng chd din bfin, binh thdi kl cd
din hfing nghin, hfing vgn, ngudi Bdc
khfich lgi budn vl p h i Thanh Hd, thUdng
dupc ldi gd'p ddi" (59), Dya vdo ldi k l
thUdng nhfin hp Trdn (Quang Ddng) tfic gia
cung cho biet d Dfing Trong hdng hda; "Ban
di chgy ldm, hdng ban nhieu ldi, khong cd I
dpng. Hdng mang dd'n thi sa, doan, g
vdc, vai, cdc vi thuoc, gid'y, vdng, bgc,
hUdng vdng, cfic thfi dd gifi'y, kim tuyln,

ngan tuyen, cfic thfi phdm, y phyc, gidy td't,
nhung, dd ra, kinh, pha 11, quat gifi'y, bfit,
mfic, kim, ciic do, eac thfi bfin ghi, cac thfi
dgn long, cdc thfi dd dong, cac thfi dd sfinh;
dd fin uong thi eac loai nhfi Id ehl, cam,
chanh, 11, tao, hdng, bdnh, mien, bpt mi,
tram muoi, ddu thfii (mdt loai bdp cai
Trung Quoc • ND), trfing muoi, tUdng gfing,
tUdng ngpt, dfiu phy, rau kim chfim (hoa
hiin), mpe nhl, nfi'm hfidng, ke cd ngUdi
khdng cung nhau doi chdc, khdng ai lfi
khdng thda dUpc sd thich" (60).
De'n Dfing Trong nfim 1695, thUdng
nhdn ngfidi Anh Thomas Bowyear da vid't:
"Cac thuyin mua (dem din Dfing Trong) tfi
Quang Ddng: tiln due dupc lai rfi't nhilu,
cung nhfi nhflng hfing td lya hoa cfic kilu,
linh, lya, do gS^m Trung Quoc, ehl, kim,
thuy ngan, nhfin sfim, long nao vfi cdc vj
thudc khac; tfi Xiem: Id trdu khdng, go dd
(dfing de nhupm), sdn, xfi cfi, ngfi voi, thilc,
ehi, gao; tfi Campuehia: thfi hofing (dfing

Ifim thud'c vg), cdnh kiln trdng, sa nhfin,
sdp, sdn, xd cfl, gd dd, nhi^a thdng, da trfiu,
da vd gfin hUdu, ngd voi, sfing t l v.v...; tfi
Batavia: bgc, bgch dfin, trdu khdng, vai efit
bd dd vfi trfing, thuoc mfiu dd; tfi Manila:
bgc, didm sinh, gd dd, vd sd, thudc hfit, afip,
gfin hUdu. Cdn "Dfing Trong bdn ra: vfing,

sdt, td vfi hfing td ddt nhu linh, lya... ky
nam, trdm hUdng, dUdng, dUdng phgn,...
yIn sfio, hgt tilu, bdng..." (61).
Dfing Trong edn nh^p ngpc, thuy tinh,
pha 11, ddng hd, hfing da, tfng nhdm, la
bfin... eua phUdng Tfiy. Theo C.Borri thi
"ede thUdng gia din tfi nhfing rmen dfi't xa
xdi nhu Trung Quoc, Macao, Nhdt Ban,
Manila vfi Malacca. Tfi't ea diu dem bac tdi
xit Dfing Trong d l dem hfing hda eua xfi
ndy vl" (62).
Ket lugn
Nhu v^y, vdo t h l ky XVI-XVIII, xfi
Quang ndi rieng vfi Dfing Trong ndi chung
lfi mdt vfing dfi't gifiu cd vl tdi nguyen thiin
nhien. Cdc ngudn hfing ndng, Ifim, thd, hai
san, cde san phdm thu edng... deu phong
phu. Ngudn hdng dd dd dem lgi sfi phdn
thjnh cho Dfing Trong vfi lfi cd ad kinh te
cfin ban dl cfic chfia Nguyin md rdng quan
hd giao thUdng vdi t h l gidi bin ngofii.
Cfing vdi cde tdng ldp cU dfin, ehfnh
quyln Dfing Trong dfi to ehfic khai thdc cfic
ngudn tdi nguyen d vfing chau tho song
Thu Bdn, sdng Cdn... huy dpng ngudn hdng
tfi trln nfii xuong vfi tfi bien vl. Td't ca diu
trd thdnh san phdm hfing hda vfi dUpc dinh
gifi trln thfidng trfidng. Cfing vdi ngudn
hfing san xufi't trong nfidc, Dfing Trong cdn
nh$p v l nhilu san phfim tfi thi tnidng khu

vi^c, qudc tM di' giao luu vd tdi xudt sang
cdc thj trudng khu vfic. Trong y nghia dd,
mdt so thfidng cang Dfing Trong mfi tieu
bilu nhdt lfi trfidng hdp Hpi An, da thtic sfi


e a e ngudn hang vd Ihuong ph&n...
t r d t h d n h ndi d i i u p h d i , t r u n g c h u y e n h d n g

vide t o chflc x a hpi vfi tie'n hfinh cfic h o a t

h d a e u a h p thidng giao thfidng k h u

vyc

d p n g giao thUdng (65). T r l n thUe tM, Dfing

D d n g A. T r o n g y n g h i a dfi, Hdi A n

trd

Trong

dfi

trd

thfinh

polity)

mdt T h l

chi

biln

thfinh ndi b i l u d g t r o r ^ t nhd't t i l m n d n g ,

(Maritime

m g n h mg, gdp p h d n q u a n

sflc m g n h k i n h t e , b a n U n h e h i n h t r j eiia

t r p n g vdo afi hfing t h j n h c h u n g c u a h d

c h i n h q u y l n (63). Nhfi vd.y, "Ngogi thfidng

thd'ng h a i thfidng chfiu A (66). Sfic m a n h dd

eflng n i n chfnh t r j t r o n g nUdc d d k i t h p p

k h d n g chi gifip c h o e h i n h q u y l n N g u y i n d u

d l t g o n e n sfic m g n h e h o m d t thfidng c a n g d

sfic c h i n g chpi vdi cac cupe tfi'n edng tfi p h i a

vfing b i l n v i e n mfi ngfidi Vi^t mdi d i n d j n h

Bfic mfi cdn gifi dfipc q u y l n c h u d p n g v l

eU d i n g t h d i t g o n e n t h e d'n d i n h eho vUdng

ngogi giao, b a o vd t r p n vpn ehii q u y e n vfi

quoc vfia dfide t h i i ' t l^p d vfing " b i l n gidi"

n i n dpc Ifip d a n t^c t r o n g h d n 2 t h l ky.

phfidng N a m " (64).

Q u a cfic h o g t d d n g giao thUdng quoc te,

N h d cd q u a n h d n g o a i thfidng vfi c h i n h

n i n k i n h t l ' Dfing T r o n g dfi t h l h i d n ro

s a c h k i n h t l - x a hpi tich ci^c n e n chi s a u

nhfing t h l m g n h cfin b a n n h f i n g d d n g t h d i

m d t t h d i g i a n tfidng ddi ngfin, cude s i n g

c u n g hoc Ip m p t so h g n e h l mfi d i e u d a n g

c u a n h i e u t d n g ldp cfi dfin d^c bidt lfi gidi

chfi y lfi, h o g t d p n g k i n h tl^ ddi ngoai chfia

q u a n l i i u , d o a i i h thUdng... trd n g n h i t sfic

t h l thfic Bfi dfia vfio n e n k i n h te s a n xufi't

gifiu cd. T r o n g n h f i n g k h o n g g i a n vfi t h d i

phfit t r i l n . N g o a i thfidng Dfing T r o n g n h i n

g i a n nhfi't d j n h , m d t so' cdng d d n g thUdng

c h u n g cdn 1§ t h u d c k h a n h i e u vao vipe k h a i

nhfin qudc t l d a nhfin dfipc dfic q u y l n t r o n g

t h a e cac n g u d n ldi tfi n h i e n .

CHU

THtCH

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Vfln hpc, Ha Npi, 2001, tr. 236-295; T? Chi D^i
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Th6ng tin, Hft N?!, 2006.

(3). Le Quy Don tofln t^p: Phu bien tap luc,
Nxb. Khoa hpc Xa hpi, Hfl Npi, 1977, tr. 231.
(4). Cristoforo Borri: XI?Sdng Trong ndm 1621,
Nxb. Tp. Ho Chi Mmh, 1998, tr. 91.

(2). C6 t h l xem c&c cong trinh nhU; Phan Huy

(5). Alexandre de Rhodes: Hdnh trinh vd truyin

Le: Lick su! ud vdn hoa Vi|( Nam - Tiip cgn b$

gido, Tu sach D^ii ket, Uy ban dofln kit Cfing giao,

ph^n,

Tp. HCM. 1994, tr. 49.

Nxb. Giflo Dpc, Hfl Npi, 2007; TrSn Qu6c

VU(?ng: Van hoa Viit Nam - Tim tdi vd suy ng&m,

(6). Le Quy Don: Phu bien tgp luc, sdd, tr. 231-

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232. C6 t h l tham khao them Do Bang: Pho cdng

thu|lt, Hfl N9i, 2000; Uy ban Qu6c gia Hpi thao

viing Thuan

Qudng

thi' ky XVII-XVIII,

Nxb.

Quoc t^ v l Do thi d H$i An: D6 Ihi d H^i An,

Thu^n H6a - Hpi Khoa hpc Ljch sfi Vi§t Nam,

Nxb. T h l Gidi, 1991; Li Tana: XvC Ddng Trong -

1996; Nguyen

Ljch afi kinh ti - xa h§i Vi§t Nam t h l ky XVII-

"Oceanic Network"

Vfln

Kim: Formation

Opening of Ports and Subsequent

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the

in the East Asia before the

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on

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on Hoi An, The Journal of Korean

(7). Trong tac p h i m An Nam cung dich ky sU
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Rflhien clhi Lteh sfl:. s d 4.2011

16
lufin nhfic d i n khfli ni§m "ngucii ba nUdc" (Vi$t •
Hoa - Nhftt BAn) cfing nhau sinh etCng, bufln bfln cl
Dflng Trong. D6 Ifl sy t h l hi$n chinh sflch dli
ngo^i khoan dung, r^ng md cua chOa Nguyin
trong thcii d^i hung thinh cua h$ thd'ng h&i thuong
chfiu A. M$t khfic. chda NguySn cQng dfl sfi dgng

tfli tinh, hi^u qua khd nfing, quan h$. kinh nghidm
vfl vi'n cua thUdng nhfin quic t l dl duy trt, phflt
t n i n quan h$ dli ngo^i. Xem Chu Thutfn Thuy: An
Nam cung dfch ky s(/. (Vinh Sfnh djch vfl chCi
thfch), Hfii Khoa hpc Ljch sul Vi^t Nam, Hfl N^i,
1999.

(13). Nola Cooka and Li Tana: Water Frontier •
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(17). Quflc sfi qufin trilu Nguyin; Dgi Nam
thtfc l{ic tiin biin, Nxb. Gifio dge, Hfl N^i, 2002. tr.
31.
(19). Thfch D^i Sfin: Hdi ngogi ky stf, Vifln D^i
hpc Hul. 1963, tr. 164.
(20). Dl Bang: Ph^ cdng viing Thudn Qudng
thi ky XVII-XVIII,

Nxb. Thu^n H6a • H$i Khoa

hpc Ljch sfi Vi$t Nam. Hfl N^i. 1996.

(8). Vl tfli nguydn ciia Dflng Trong, Dudng Vfln

(26). Trong thdi ky ngifdi Nh^t cdn sinh sing,

An nh^n x6t: 'Ding b&ng Ifim ru^ng nufli tdm, ven

buIn bfin d cang thj Hfli An, thuyin buIn cua Nh$t

biln thl phdi muli Iflm mfim. T h l san ri't nhilu,

B i n dfl mua nhilu to lya, v&i cua xfi Quang. Din

thfic nhfim tuy^t ngon. Sdn hflo hai vj cfl thfia. cua

nay, d th^ trfi'n Matauzakada. thuflc ttnh Mie d

Ifim v$t nhilu phong phii. Cfl tflm bflt d hi, cl biln,

phfa Nam Tokyo, ngudi ta vdn truyin nhau dft

chdng chin nfio khflng, tre gl chflit tren rfing, trfin

I091 vai Liiu diiu b^tUdng tiuyin c6 ngudn gic tfi

niii, du diing tfiy thfch", Dildng Vfln An: d chdu

Vift Nam.

cdn luc, Nxb. Khoa hpc Xfl h§i, Hfl N^i, 1997, tr.44.
Cfl t h l tham khao Andrew Hardy: "Ngudn" trong
kinh tihdng

hoa d Ddng Trong. Khao cfiu tU li^u

din t h l ky XIX tac gia cho r&ng: "Nguin" c6 ba

(28). Nguyin PhUdc TUdng: NguSn hdng
Qud7^g dudi thdi chua Nguyin,

xi

Ky ylu Hfli thao:

Phfit triln khu kinh ti md Chu Lai, Quang Nam,
2001, tr. 75.

ehfic nflng chfiih. Dfiy tnldc h i t Ifl mflt cfii chp, n l i

(29). Kikuchi Seiichi: Nghiin cihi Dd thi c6 Hdi

bdng dudng song xulng dong bing vfi b&ng dUdng

An tii quan diim Khdo d hpc lich sH, Nxb. T h l

min len miln mil. Thii hai, lfi dja dilm dfinh t h u l

Gidi, Hfl Nfli, tr. 245-278.

hflng hfla, noi dfiy c6 eg hi$n di^n cua qufin dfli.
Culi cilQg, dfiy Ifl m^t ddn vj hflnh chfnh, gin
tiTdng dUdng vdi mflt ting h ding b&ng". Xem ky
ylu Hfli thao: Chua Nguyin vd vUOng triiu

Nguyin

trong lich eii Vi^t Nam, Nxb. T h l gidi, Hfi N^l, tr.
61.

(30). Dudng Vfin An tttng v i l t "Dl gim 14m d
DQng Cam vfl Cam Quyi't huy^n Kim Tri, Ifl
nguin Ipi khing nhd. Bfit cua phUdng Bdc bfin d
cfic chp T h l L^i vfl L^i An huyfn Tu Vinh gifl ri't
ddt. Ngofli ra. cfic adn phdm khfic cQng r((t nhilu.
th$t khflng k l zilt", Xem 0 chdu c^n luc, sdd. tr.

(9), (14), (15). (22). Ll QuJ Dfln: Phu biin tifp
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(10), (16). (18), (23), (25). Cristoforo Borri: Xa
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31.
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eac ngufln himg va thuong phdm...
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n
sau; "Tyc d Quang Nam gpi 100 cfin Ifl 1 t^, cau
khfl thl 3 quan 1 t?. h i tiflu 12 quan, td mflc 6
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15 quan. vfiy cfi 4 quan, tdm khfl 6 quan. g6 sdn 1
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40 quan, sa nhfin 12 quan, gl trfic 1 quan, giai ba
ba 12 quan, ducing phin 4 quan, dUdng trfing 2
quan, ho^t th^ch, thilt phfin, hai sfim ciing cfic
lo^i cfly Iflm thuic rfi't nhilu, Cdn k^ nam m6i cfin
gifl phii din 120 quan, vflng mli thdi 180 ldi, gily
quyln mSi cfiy 3 quan 5 tiln, trim hUOng tit, q u i
n^c, gifl cao thft'p khflng chCfng cd ca g5 tfi dfln.
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