Grammar space 3 SB

Student Book

Supplementary Material

Introduction

Review Test

Each unit opens with a simple, real-life
conversation that shows the use of the
unit’s grammar points.

After every four units, students will take a
review test. The tests will help students
recall what they have studied and assess
their understanding of the grammar
points.

Grammar Point
Two grammar boxes explain the main
grammar points in the unit. Simple charts
and corresponding pictures help students
clearly understand and easily grasp the
fundamental grammar structures that are
being taught. The grammar boxes are
followed by practical exercises and drills
that allow students to quickly check what
they have learned.

PLUS+

Simple tips about minor exceptions, useful
expressions, and word usage are provided
to give students a more in-depth
understanding of the grammar points.

Appendix
More grammar rules and information are
included at the back of the book.

Midterm/Final Test
Practice
Various exercises are presented to allow
students to review and reinforce each
unit’s grammar points and help them
gradually expand their understanding of
the grammar rules.

Grammar for Writing
This section allows students to complete a
written passage by applying their
understanding of the key grammar points.
Each unit also includes an interesting
reading passage that incorporates the
grammar points students have learned.

The midterm and final tests allow students
to evaluate their progress throughout the
course.

Sentences, Nouns, & uantifiers
Unit

1

Unit

2

Unit

3

Unit

4

Parts of a Sentence 1
Subject & Predicate

Subject + Verb + Object / Complement

|

Parts of a Sentence 2
Subject + Verb + I.O. + D.O.

|

Subject + Verb + Object + O.C.

Quantifiers
A Few / A Little

Pronouns
Pronouns & Possessives

|

6
10
14

Many / Much / A Lot Of

|

Adjectives, Adverbs, Modal Verbs, & The Passive

Indefinite Pronouns

18

Unit

13
Unit

14
Unit

15
Unit

16

Adjectives & Adverbs
Adjectives & Adverbs

Modal Verbs 1
Ability, Permission, & Advice: Can / May / Should

5

Unit

6

Unit

7

Unit

8

Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be
Positive & Negative

|

Yes / No Questions

Present Simple vs. Past Simple
Positive & Negative

|

Yes / No Questions

Present Simple vs. Present Continuous
Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

|

Stative (Non-Action) Verbs

Present vs. Past Continuous
Positive & Negative

|

Yes / No Questions

9

Unit

10
Unit

11
Unit

12

Present Perfect
Positive & Negative

|

Yes / No Questions

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple
Use & Meaning 1

|

Use & Meaning 2

Future
Will

|

22
26
30
34

Possibility: May / Might

Information Questions
Information Questions

|

How + Adjective / Adverb

|

Requests: Could You / Would You

The Passive
The Passive 1

|

58
62
66

The Passive 2

Unit

17
Unit

18

Unit

19
Unit

20

Participial Adjectives
Present Participles & Past Participles

|

Participial Adjectives

Infinitives
Infinitives as Nouns

|

Infinitives as Adverbs / Adjectives

Gerunds
Gerunds

|

Relative Pronouns
|

74

78

Gerunds as Objects

Relative Pronouns as Subjects

70

Relative Pronouns as Objects

82

Supplementary Material
38
42
46

Be Going To

Necessity: Must / Have To

54

Infinitives, erunds, & Relative Pronouns

Present Perfect & Future Tense
Unit

|

Modal Verbs 2

Present Tense & Past Tense
Unit

Comparatives & Superlatives

|

50

• Review Tests 1 - 5
• Appendix
• Midterm Test / Final Test

88 - 97
98 - 100


1

Parts of a Sentence 1

Subject + Verb + Object/Complement

A:I stayed at home on Sunday. What about you?
B:I had sushi at a restaurant. It was delicious.

Some sentences are made up of a subject, a verb, and an object. The object is the person
or thing that receives the action of the verb.

Subject & Predicate
A sentence has a subject and a predicate. The subject tells who or what the sentence is
about.
Subject
(noun)
(pronoun)
(noun phrase)

eats

pizza for dinner.

The predicate tells what the subject is or does. There is at least one verb in a predicate.
Subject

She

Predicate
walks
is
cooked
told
named

around the park.
an English teacher.
spaghetti.
me a secret.
her dog Pluto.

Verb

Object

Mr. White
The cat
The people

speaks
saw
played

French.
a mouse.
soccer

Subject

Linking Verb

Complement

My mother
The dictionary
Sarah and Jane

is
looks
felt

an art teacher.
heavy.
sleepy

A

Divide the sentences into subjects and predicates with slashes( /).
1.

My sister plays computer games every day.

2.

Joanna and I like the main character in the cartoon.

Write the subjects, verbs, objects, and complements.
Subject

Verb

Object

Complement

Jim

wrote

a story

×

1. John ran at the park.
2. They were angry at me.
3. The roses smell sweet.

3. The sweater in the shop feels soft and warm.

4. We bought a cushion yesterday.

4. My friend Mike likes playing baseball after school.
5.

after lunch.

Some common linking verbs are be, look, feel, sound, smell, and taste.

Jim wrote a story about his trip.

A

at the park.

Some sentences are made up of a subject, a verb, and a complement. The complement
describes the subject and comes after a linking verb.

Predicate
Peter
He

My brother

Subject

5. Ben and I are students.

The flowers on the table are from John.

6. The tallest girl in my class is Miranda.

B

6

Circle the verbs and underline the predicates.

B

Read the underlined words and check(✔).
Object

1. My grandparents are my heroes.

1. Ms. Kimble’s new car looks expensive.

2. The subway moves quickly along the track.

2. The baker bakes bread at six a.m.

3. My father bought me a new computer.

3. The baby is holding a toy in her hand.

4. Rudolph has a very shiny nose.

4. The scientist studies the plants on the mountain.

5. They are students from China.

5. The sofa feels really comfortable.

6. Ben drinks a glass of milk every morning.

6. Kevin’s sisters are very pretty.

Complement

Unit 1 • Parts of a Sentence 1

7


Practice
A

Check(✔) the correct places for the verbs.
1.

are

My parents

1

proud

2.

take

We

a bus

2

to school

3.

studied

4.

1

Tiffany

1

5.

pressed

The man

6.

bought

My parents

1

great

2

me

1

2

me.

Complete Sarah's health report and write the numbers of the objects and
complements.
Sarah doesn’t get up early. So she doesn’t eat

every day.

2

in the elevator

1

3

3

fashion design

Your new dress

looks

of

2

A

in Paris

on
2

3

3

.

HEALTH CHECKLIST
Name: Sarah Wells

you.

a button

a cell phone

3

3

Yes No

.

1. I get up early.

.

2. I skip breakfast.

Choose and complete the sentences. Then check(✔).
sweet

tired

movies

wet

his textbook

2. My brothers watch

at night.

3. Jonathan is always

after work.

3

and pizza. Eating them too

feels

to exercise more. She sleeps well at night. She

5. I exercise three times a week.

doesn’t think she is

B

1

a soldier

Fruits and vegetables have many different colors. Did

you know that foods of different colors have different health

5. We found under the bed.

Red foods are good for heart health.

cranberries.
sells

the key

and peaches.
health.
8

2. Mike and Jack speak very well.

4. at the concert looked excited.

2

improve memory.

1. Ms. Lloyd from Hawaii.

3. He chairs and tables at his store.

.

Find the sentences that are S +V +O and S +V +C and write the numbers.

Find the missing words and rewrite the sentences.
the girls

healthy

Complement

benefits?

is

5

Object

I am a healthy person.

Complement

.

6. The clothes on the line are

after school. She needs

tired

4. I like hamburgers and pizza.

to me.

5. The sauce tasted

4

7. I sleep well at night.

my room

every weekend.

Japanese

every day. But she also likes

to school.

4. I clean

C

2

6. I feel tired after school.

Object

1. John didn’t bring

in the morning. She eats

much is not good for her health. She often

3. I eat vegetables every day.

B

1

7

5

4

3

They also

Red foods include cherries, tomatoes, and

Some healthy orange foods are carrots, oranges,

6

Orange foods promote good skin and eye

Pineapples and bananas are healthy yellow foods.

They improve brain function.

9

Green foods, like spinach

and broccoli, strengthen bones and muscles. Eat a variety of colors of fruits and
vegetables. Then,
S+V+O

10

you will be healthy and strong.
S+V+C

6. Mr. Miles was 40 years ago.
8

Unit 1 • Parts of a Sentence 1

9


2

Parts of a Sentence 2

Subject + Verb + Object + Object Complement

A:My aunt sent me presents from Canada.
B:You must be happy. Presents always make me happy.

Some sentences have an object complement (O.C.). It comes after the object and describes
the object. It can be a noun or an adjective.

Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
Jolie

Some sentences have two objects, an indirect object(I.O.) and a direct object (D.O.). The
indirect object is the person or thing that receives the direct object from the subject.

I
made
a salad.
S + V
+ D.O.

I
made
my parents
S + V +
I.O.
+

Subject

Verb

My parents

bought

Jenny

a salad.
D.O.

Indirect Object

Direct Object

-

a new computer.

me

a new computer.

-

letters.

Ellen

letters.

sends

Karen
named
her dog
Jolie. (her dog = Jolie)
S
+
V
+
O
+ O.C.

A

Subject

Verb

Object

Object Complement

I
He
People

left
found
called

the door
the test
the lady

open.
difficult.
an angel.

Read the sentences and write the objects and the object complements.
Object

Object Complement

1. The movie made Nora and Rachel sad.
2. She found the novel interesting.

Common verbs that take two objects are give, send, make, ask, buy, show, bring, and tell.

3. People call New York the “Big Apple.”
4. They will name their daughter Sophie.

A

Read the underlined words and check(✔).
Indirect Object

5. Jenny always keeps her desk tidy.

Direct Object

1. She gave me a book for my birthday.
2. Cathy and I will make Grandma a chair.
3. Derek bought his younger sister a teddy bear.

B

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.
1.

2.

3.

4.

4. I asked the police officer the way to the mall.

B

Circle the indirect objects and underline the direct objects.
1. Helen gave me her phone number yesterday.
2. We bought our cat a comfortable bed.

10

a great musician

1. She made the soup too

3. Can you show me your paintings?

2. The police officer keeps the children

4. Gina told them a scary story last night.

3. Molly and Tim painted the door

5. Our English teacher read us a poem.

4. People called Beethoven

blue

salty

safe

.
.
.
.
Unit 2 • Parts of a Sentence 2

11


Practice

A

B

Check(✔) the correct places for the words.
1.

English

2.

me

Dad

3.

her

Tony

4.

the information

The lady will

5.

Christmas cards

I

6.

anyone

Mrs. Freeman

1

passed

1

asks

1

send

Don’t

1

2

teaches

1

2

a fork

3

give

1

2

2

the students

3

3

.

My uncle

.

gave my sister and me a puppy

1

last month. We

(my sister and me / gave / a puppy)

you

the children

tell

2

many questions

2

Read the weekend plans. Unscramble the words and complete the passages.

A

3

3

. He doesn’t have a doghouse yet.

2

.

(Spotty / the puppy / named)

.

So, we will

this weekend. We

3
(him / make / a house)

every year.

your password

3

will

.

like a chessboard.

4
(black and white / paint / the house)

Read the underlined words and check(✔).
Direct Object

People

Object Complement

in the world.

5
(the best singer / call / Jenny Kyle)

1. Dave will make us dinner tonight.
Her songs

2. The blanket kept her warm.

make me happy

6

. Last week, my mother

(happy / me / make)

3. The movie made the actress popular.

7

4. James showed us his new bike.

bought me tickets

to her concert. I’m going to her

(tickets / bought / me)

concert this weekend. At the concert, I will

5. Sarah bought her mother a pretty watch.

.

8
(her / some flowers / give)

6. My dog brings me the newspaper every morning.
7. Don’t leave your sister alone.

Find the sentences that are S +V +I.O .+D.O. and S +V +O +O.C . and write the numbers.

B
C

Unscramble the words and complete the dialogues.

Are you bored with your furniture?

1. A I have an appointment with Dr. Brennan at three o’clock.
B Can you

tell me your name

?

4

2. A What was your nickname?
(Troublemaker / me / called)

when I was little.

We can make it new again!

energetic orange.
green.

3. A What is Ed doing?

7

6

5

.

3

You can bring us your old furniture.

We can paint your old desk an

We can paint your dusty cabinets a fresh

We make all of your old furniture exciting. Come by

our store to see what we can do.

B He is sleeping. The exam

You could get your children a new desk.

You could even buy them a new bookshelf! But why waste money?

The Magic Makers are here for you.

(me / tell / your name)

B My mother

2

1

8

You can ask us questions

any time!

(him / made / tired)

4. A Bye, Susie. I will miss you very much.

B I will miss you, too. I will

12

(send / my photos / you)

from the trip.

S+V+I.O.+D.O.

S+V+O+O.C.

Unit 2 • Parts of a Sentence 2

13


3

uantifiers

Many / Much / A Lot Of

A:What would you like to eat, David?
B:Can I have a few potatoes with a little cheese?

Many and much mean a large number or amount of something.
many + plural count noun
The rich man has many cars .
There are many books in the library.

How many candles do you need?

A Few / A Little
A few and a little mean a small number or amount of something.
a few + plural count noun

I don’t have much information .
There isn’t much milk in the refrigerator.
How much time do we have?

A lot of has the same meaning as many and much. It can describe both plural count nouns
and noncount nouns.

a little + noncount noun

He has a few friends .
There are a few cookies on the table.
They bought a few flowers .

much + noncount noun

She has a little money .
There is a little water in the bottle.
Add a little yogurt to the sauce.

There are a lot of computers.
(= There are many computers.)
Karen has a few apples.

David has a little time before his flight.

A
A

B

1. ( a few / a little ) butter

2. ( a few / a little ) boxes

2. We don’t eat

3. ( a few / a little ) children

4. ( a few / a little ) men

3. Sarah doesn’t have

5. ( a few / a little ) tea

6. ( a few / a little ) honey

4. Do you need

7. ( a few / a little ) chances

8. ( a few / a little ) letters

5. She doesn’t have

9. ( a few / a little ) oil

10.( a few / a little ) bread

Complete the sentences with a few or a little .
A few

doctors are working tonight.
rain this week.

2. There will be
3. I need
4.

sleep.

6. The doctor didn’t give me

B

paintings in the gallery.
meat.
friends.
chairs?

Much is not used in positive
sentences.

money.
much

advice.

I have much time. (×)
I have a lot of time. ( )

Circle the correct words.
1. There are ( many / much ) people in the gym.
2. We had ( many / a lot of ) fun, didn’t we?
3. How ( many / much ) brothers do you have?

people were at the shopping mall.

5. My friend has

English novels.

6. Could I have

ice in my drink?

7. The students have
14

Complete the sentences with many or much .
1. There are

Circle the correct words.

1.

I don’t have a lot of money.
(= I don’t have much money.)

questions.

4. How ( many / much ) sleep do you get every night?
5. I have ( much / a lot of ) pencils in my pencil case.
6. People eat ( many / a lot of ) sugar every day.
7. Pablo bought ( many / much ) shirts last weekend.
Unit 3 • Quantifiers

15


Practice
A

Complete the sentences with a few or a little .

3. We saw
4. Add

a little

Hotels

Restaurants

Sightseeing

coffee every day.

Maybe you don’t want to spend

time outside in winter. But there are

pepper to your soup.

French.

7. He wrote down

ideas on a piece of paper.

(much / a lot of)

them. We have

a few

3

ice rinks in the city.

(a few / a little)

However, Rockefeller Center is the most famous one. You will find New Yorkers and

animals can survive in the desert.

4

tourists there. There are also

a lot of

(many / much)

big Christmas tree. You can save

Write many or much for the underlined words.

tall buildings and a

5

(a little / a lot of)

B

2

outdoor activities in New York. Ice skating is one of

juice in the refrigerator.

6. They can speak

much

1

(many / much)

singers at the festival.

5. There is only

8. Only

This is a travel guide for New York. Choose and complete the sentences.

birthday presents for Sarah.

1. There are
2. My dad drinks

A

a little

6

money if you visit early in the

(a little / a few)

morning during weekdays.

1. They have a lot of oranges.
2. We didn’t eat a lot of bread yesterday.
3. There are a lot of fish in the pond.
4. I don’t have a lot of time to eat breakfast.

B

Find the five mistakes and correct them.

5. My brother doesn’t drink a lot of milk.
1

6. There are a lot of beautiful buildings in London.

Many students study at schools. However, there are

a few

students who study at home. This is called homeschooling.
Homeschooling has

C

2

much advantages. First, regular students

3

Circle the correct words to complete the dialogues.

spend

1. A Why did you buy ( a lot of / much ) apples?

students don’t have to travel at all. They can also study their
5

many hours. And because there is only one

student, he or she gets

2. A What did you do on your trip?

there are also

B I went to ( a few / a little ) beaches. I swam every day.

B I collect them. I spent ( many / a lot of ) money on them.

a few time traveling to school. But homeschooling

favorite subject for

B I’m going to make apple jam this afternoon.

3. A You have so ( many / much ) comic books!

4

7

6

many time with the teacher. However,

a few disadvantages. Homeschooling students

usually have only

8

also don’t have

much chances to learn from other students around them.

10

a little friends. They don’t have

9

much social interaction. They

4. A Look! There are ( much / a lot of ) people at the park.
B Wow. There is ( many / a lot of ) trash, too.
16

Unit 3 • Quantifiers

17


4

Pronouns

Indefinite Pronouns

A:Is this bike yours?
B:No, it’s not mine. Somebody left it here.

We use an indefinite pronoun when we don’t give specific information about a person or
thing. We also use it when a person or thing is unknown.

Pronouns & Possessives
A subject pronoun replaces a subject noun, and an object pronoun replaces an object noun.
A possessive adjective comes before a noun and tells who the noun belongs to.
A possessive pronoun can replace a possessive adjective and its noun.

Singular

Plural

Object Pronoun

Possessive Adjective

Possessive Pronoun

I

me

my

mine

you

you

your

yours

Positive

he / she / it

him / her / it

his / her / its

his / hers / -

we

us

our

ours

Negative /
Question

you

you

your

yours

they

them

their

theirs

Jake is a teacher.
He loves his students.
All the students respect him.

A

Somebody sent me a love letter.

Subject Pronoun

1. The runners are very thirsty. We’ll give
2. Patrick was in class.

Person

Positive
(Negative meaning)

A

I have something for you.

I don’t know anybody in your class.
Do you know anybody in my class?

I don’t have anything in my bag.
Do you have anything in your bag?

Nobody is in the classroom.

Nothing is on the table.

Circle the correct words.
2. There is ( anything / nothing ) in the box.
3. I don’t know ( something / anything ) about him.

are my good friends.

4. He gave me ( anything / something ) for my birthday.
5. ( Nobody / Anybody ) visited her last Christmas.

when we go shopping.

6. Hello? Is ( anybody / nobody ) here?

B

 here is no difference
T
between -one and –body.
somebody = someone
anybody = anyone
nobody = no one

Circle the correct words.
1. Here is a letter from ( my / me ) friend in London.

18

He has nothing in his pocket.
(= He doesn’t have anything in his pocket.)

1. I met ( somebody / anybody ) at the mall.

asked the teacher some questions.

4. We always take our bags with

I saw somebody in the classroom.

I saw nobody on the street.
(= I didn’t see anybody on the street.)

some water.

3. Do your know Paul and Robert?

Thing

Nobody and nothing are used in positive sentences, but they have negative meanings.

Mr. and Mrs. Jones bought a house.
This is their new house.
This house is theirs.

Complete the sentences with subject or object pronouns.

There is something in your ear.

B

Match the sentences.

2. My father always wears ( him / his ) glasses.

1. She keeps nothing in the drawer. •

• Nobody remembered her birthday.

3. Jane lost ( her / hers ) dog in the park.

2. I am hungry.

•

• The drawer is empty.

4. The students turned off ( their / theirs ) phones.

3. I didn’t know where to go.

•

• Somebody gave me directions.

5. My sister drew the picture. The picture is ( her / hers ).

4. Carrie is very sad today.

•

• I didn’t eat anything for lunch.

6. These aren’t their books. The books are ( our / ours ).

5. I found something on the street. •

• It was an old coin.
Unit 4 • Pronouns

19


Practice
A

Complete the dialogues with pronouns and possessive adjectives.
1. A Look at Ben.

Something happened on a dark night. Choose and complete the sentences.

A

is holding a skateboard.

B Is the skateboard

It was a dark night. When I got home, the front door was open.

?

2. A David, where is

But there was

car?

B I sold it. This is

bag is much

(Somebody / Nobody)

bigger. . Please, open

B Thank you very much!

was in the garage. I slowly opened the door. It

Somebody

3

4. A These presents are for

(Something / Anything)

wrong! Then, I heard a sound from the garage.

new car. Do you like it?

.

was my father!

.

his arms.

them

was holding

4
(He / She)

Choose and complete the sentences.
1.something
anything


3.something
anything

4.

somebody
anybody

We

6

(Our / We)

My sister doesn’t let me touch

have a new family member,” said Dad.

on her desk.

was a

7
(It / They)

little kitten.

in the old cabinet.

I found

is knocking on Mr. White’s door.

2.

somebody
anybody

in

5
(something / anything)

“Dad, what are you doing in here?” I asked. “

B

was

Something

2

(anybody / nobody)

3. A Is this Lucy’s bag?
B No, it isn’t

at home.

nobody

1

Your secret is safe with me. I won’t tell

.

Find the five mistakes and correct them.

B

else?

Do you want
I want

Karen is a blind girl and Jasper is her guide dog. Karen can’t do

for dessert. Can I see the menu?

1

speak German?

Can

nothing without him. What does he do for Karen?

Jasper is trained to help

called you an hour ago.

He doesn’t listen to

4

2

nobody but

somebody else.

5

3

her owner, Karen.

He only leads Karen

around. Other dogs get distracted by things easily, but Jasper
doesn’t. When there is

C

1. There isn’t anything in the room.

20

7

Complete the sentences using nobody or nothing .
→

There

in the room.

2. There wasn’t anybody on the street. →

There

on the street.

3. They don’t know anything about it.

→

They

4. I don’t have anything in my pocket.

→

I

5. He doesn’t listen to anybody.

→

He

about it.

6

something dangerous around

them, he stops or barks. So Karen knows that

8

she should

be careful. Jasper also responds to Karen’s call before

9

anything else’s. Now,

10

their trust each ot

ery much. Jasper is Karen’s best

helper and friend.

in my pocket.
.
Unit 4 • Pronouns

21


5

Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be

Yes/No Questions

A:Is James in the kitchen?
B:No, he isn’t. He was in the kitchen five minutes ago.

To make a yes/no question, place the verb be before the subject.
Question

Positive & Negative

Present Simple

The verb be tells who, what, or where the subject is or was.
Positive
Present Simple

Past Simple

Past Simple

Negative

I am a news reporter.
She is always honest.
They are on the playground.

I’m not a news reporter.
She isn’t always honest.
They aren’t on the playground.

I was nervous about the exam.
Olivia was at the museum.
We were sick yesterday.

I wasn’t nervous about the exam.
Olivia wasn’t at the museum.
We weren’t sick yesterday.

Question

Time expressions such as yesterday, two days ago, last weekend, and last December can
be used in the past simple.

A

Answer

A

Choose and complete the sentences.
1. A bookshelf
2. The soup
3. Gary
4. The flowers
5. These books

a piece of furniture.

is

tasty. So I didn’t eat it.

isn’t

in his office now. Call him later.

are

real. You don’t need to water them.
only $5 each. Let’s buy one.

aren’t

Yes, I am.
Yes, he is.
Yes, they are.

No, I’m not.
No, he isn’t.
No, they aren’t.

Were you popular in high school?
Was she a cheerleader?
Were your parents outside?

Yes, I was.
Yes, she was.
Yes, they were.

No, I wasn’t.
No, she wasn’t.
No, they weren’t.

Are you afraid of dogs?
No, we aren’t.
We are afraid of spiders.

Was Helen a nurse 20 years ago?
No, she wasn’t.
She was a photographer then.

Complete the questions in the past simple.
1. Is Kelly a fashion designer?

→

a fashion designer?

2. Is Jake on vacation?

→

on vacation?

3. Are you at the concert?

→

at the concert?

4. Is this sofa on sale?

→

on sale?

5. Are they close friends?

→

close friends?

6. Are the stars bright tonight?

→

bright tonight?

wasn’t
were

B

Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues.
1.

2.

3.

4.

Complete the sentences using the verb be .
1. Trees and flowers
2. My cat

all plants.

tiny a few months ago. Now it’s quite big.

3. My grandfather is bald now, but he
4. My brothers
5. Sue
6. Junk food
22

Are you a volleyball player?
Is James taller than Paul?
Are they in the garden?

in the stadium 30 minutes ago.

6. The football players

B

Answer

bald 20 years ago.

short last year, but they are tall now.
sick today, but she was sick yesterday.
good for your health. Soft drinks aren’t, either.

1. A Is the coat too small for him?

B

,

.

2. A Was he late this morning?

B

,

.

3. A Were they in Canada last year?

B

,

.

4. A Are you good at painting?

B

,

.
Unit 5 • Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be

23

Practice
A

Write the sentences using the verb be in the present simple or past simple.
Present

A

Past

Jonathan is talking about an old photo. Complete the passage about him and his
friends.

1. Iam not at the restaurant.

Luke, Bob, and I took this photo 20 years ago. Luke

Simpson is a kind teacher.
2. Mr.
friends and I are excited.
3. My

thin then. He

4.

Julie was bored with the music.

5.

Jeff and Lisa weren’t very busy.

Luke

Bob

I

him.

C

Complete the dialogues.
B

,

. It is far from the park.

2. A Was your power off last night?

B

,

. We used candles.

3. A Were the shirts dirty?

B

, they weren’t . They were clean.

4. A Are you at school now?

B

,I’m not

. I’m at the mall.

5. A Is the radio too loud?

B

,

. The volume is fine.

he a basketball player now? No,

4

. He is a sports reporter. When I

5

young, I enjoyed looking at stars.

Now I

2.

3.

am

7

B

The Orsay Museum in Paris

2. A
B Yes, she

3. A
B No, they

4. A
B No, we
24

ready for the presentation?
. But she looks nervous.
bored in science class?
. They learned about dinosaurs.

are close to the Seine
2

of the museum. The building itself
4

is on the outsi
3

is a

ork of

is special because of its unusual histo .

platforms

members of a volunteer club?
. We enjoy volunteering.

1

River. Two beautiful giant clocks

4.

The building

B Yes, we

were

8

Find the five mistakes and correct them.

art. It

1. A

an astronaut. We

best friends 20 years ago, and we still are now!

Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues.
1.

a little chubby when

3

6

1. A Is your school near the park?

2

he was young. Bob always had his basketball with

he

B

very thin now, but he

1

6

5

is a ailway station in 1900. But the

was too short for the longer trains. So,

the station building was changed into a museum in 1986.
The museum

7

is very successful. Masterpieces by famous artists from the 19th century,

such as Monet, Manet, and Van Gogh,

8

with many tourists. The Orsay Museum

are on display now. It
10

9

is usually crowded

was one of the most popular museums in the

world.

at home last night?
. We went to Helen’s house.
Unit 5 • Present vs. Past Simple: The Verb Be

25


6

Present Simple vs. Past Simple

Yes/No Questions

A:Did you study at the library yesterday?
B:Yes, I did. But I usually study at home.

To make a yes/no question in the present simple, place do or does before the subject. In the
past simple, place did before the subject.
Question

Positive & Negative

Present Simple

The present simple tells about facts or habits. The past simple tells about what happened
in the past.
Positive
Present Simple

Past Simple

Past Simple

Negative

I like flowers.
He eats breakfast every day.
We work at a restaurant.

I don’t like flowers.
He doesn’t eat breakfast every day.
We don’t work at a restaurant.

I studied math last night.
She went to school yesterday.
They visited China last year.

I didn’t study math last night.
She didn’t go to school yesterday.
They didn’t visit China last year.

Question

Answer

A
A

Choose and complete the sentences.
read

visit

go

finish

1. I wake up early every day. So I usually
2. Brian likes his uncle very much. He

4. I got home late because the movie

B

26

walk

I

2.

listen

He

3.

study

Maria

4.

use

Mr. and Mrs.

5.

buy

Hill I

6.

sleep

buy
Michael

7.

make

They

8.

wait

We

Yes, I do.
Yes, he does.
Yes, they do.

No, I don’t.
No, he doesn’t.
No, they don’t.

Did you see him yesterday?
Did she fix the oven last night?
Did they go to the zoo last weekend?

Yes, I did.
Yes, she did.
Yes, they did.

No, I didn’t.
No, she didn’t.
No, they didn’t.

Does John usually wear jeans?
Yes, he does.

Did John wear jeans yesterday?
No, he didn’t. He wore a suit.

Complete the questions.
1. Plants need water and light.

→

water and light?

2. Ron had a cold last week.

→

a cold last week?

3. Tina has many friends.

→

many friends?

4. He ran a marathon last year. →

a marathon last year?

him every month.

5. They took a train to Seattle. →

a train to Seattle?

6. Sally plays the guitar.

→

the guitar?

7. She chatted online.

→

online?

at ten.

Complete the negative sentences.
1.

Do you take a bus every day?
Does he watch TV in the evening?
Do they have history class on Tuesday?

to bed early.

this book every day when she was young.

3. Kate

Answer

B
to school every day.

Look at the pictures and write the correct answers.
1.

2.

3.

4.

to the radio every morning.
French these days.

didn’t

their car on Mondays.
this computer last September.
on the sofa last night.
dinner yesterday.
for the bus earlier.

1. A Does the earth move around the sun?

B

,

.

2. A Does she take online lessons every day?

B

,

.

3. A Did you bring your camera?

B

,

.

4. A Did he wash his hands before lunch?

B

,

.

Unit 6 • Present Simple vs. Past Simple

27


Practice
A

Complete the sentences in the present simple or past simple.
1.

eat

2.

study

3.

stay

It snowed a lot. So, my brother

4.

take

Lisa

5.

have

6.

see

A

Complete the passage about what the children did last summer.

a sandwich for lunch.

Amy usually

Every Summer

very hard for the exam last night.

I

took

I

at home.

Jane

read a lot of books

read a lot of books
travel with my family

visit my grandparents

visit my grandparents
take swimming lessons

go to a science fair

go to a science fair
try scuba diving

many pictures in Italy last summer.
Paul and Amy

seven classes today.

Willy is busy because he

the full moon.

It wasn’t cloudy. We

I usually

Look at the table and complete the sentences in the past simple.

Jane

What they did at the school festival

any books. Instead, I

candles

kites

Joshua

make

muffins

lemonade

Clair

bring

old books

old clothes

perform

a play

a song

Sam and Linda

1. Peter

candles. He

4. Sam and Linda

there last summer, too. They also

lemonade.

old books. She

3. Clair

them because she

B

a song.

industry. How did he become a film director? As a boy, he
love watching movies with his mother at the movie theater.

Complete the dialogues using the underlined words.

After he

1. A

He

B

you
,

2. A
B

,

3. A
B

,

B
28

. He met her at the museum.
Nick

,

Sarah yesterday?

4

finished high school, he

2

3

moved to Hollywood.

works hard day and night and learned many things

from the directors there. Then, one day, a famous director
5

French?
. She speaks German, too.

he

4. A

the laundry last night?
. I did my homework last night.

your sister

scuba diving.

8

John Jameson is one of the most popular film directors in the

1

C

7

Find the five mistakes and correct them.

old clothes.

a play. They

swimming lessons

6

every day. Paul and Amy go to a science fair every summer. They

kites.

muffins. He

2. Joshua

with my family.

3

her grandparents every summer. But last summer, she

4

5

sell

Peter

a lot of books every summer. But last summer, I

1

2

B

Last Summer

Now, he

6

made actio

decides

vies. He

e him a chance behind the camera.

7

with many actors and actresses. They
hard and

10

use a wid
9

ange of special effects. He

talk about the scenes toge

8

works

. Everyone works

creates powerful scenes that are full of emotion.

near your house?
. He lives far from my house.
Unit 6 • Present Simple vs. Past Simple

29


7

Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

B

A:Are you eating dinner now?
B:No, I’m not. I usually eat dinner before seven.

Circle the correct words.
1. A What are you doing this Saturday?
B We always ( visit / are visiting ) our grandparents on Saturdays.

2. A Is Amy at home?

Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

B Yes. She ( sleeps / is sleeping ) in her room.

The present simple tells about facts or habits. The present continuous tells about actions
happening now or in the near future.
Present Simple

3. A Do you usually cook dinner?

Present Continuous

Water boils at 100 degrees.
<fact>

The water is boiling in the kitchen now.

<right now>
I am not walking to school these days.
<around now>

I usually walk to school.
They go skating in winter.
<habits>

B Yes. But I ( don’t cook / am not cooking ) dinner this evening.

C

They are going skating this weekend.
<in the near future>

Jenny plays the piano.
She isn’t playing the piano now.
She is reading a book now.

Complete the sentences in the present simple or present continuous.
1.

listen

My sister

2.

play

The children

3.

study

Mark

4.

work

My father

5.

get

Jane

6.

use

Ms. Duke

Dave reads the newspaper every morning.
He isn’t reading the newspaper now.
He is brushing his teeth now.

to music now.
cards at the moment.
Spanish once a week.
as a mechanic at a big company.
on the train now.
a blender in her cooking class every day.

Stative (Non-Action) Verbs
Stative verbs, or non-action verbs, are not usually used in the continuous tenses.

A

Circle the correct time expressions.

like

know

want

love

understand

need

hate

remember

believe

1. My brother and I watch TV ( now / every night ).
I know the girl over there.
I’m knowing the girl over there. (X)

My brother and I are watching TV ( now / every night ).

She wants a new bike.
She is wanting a new bike. (X)

2. Louis teaches me French ( on Fridays / this Friday ).
Louis is teaching me French ( on Fridays / this Friday ).
3. Lisa drinks coffee ( now / after lunch ).
Lisa is drinking coffee ( now / after lunch ).
4. We go to the movies ( this weekend / once a month ).
We are going to the movies ( this weekend / once a month ).
5. Sally wears glasses ( on weekdays / today ).
Sally is wearing glasses ( on weekdays / today ).

30

A

Circle the correct words.
1. Sarah ( loves / is loving ) cute animals.
2. He ( doesn’t understand / isn’t understanding ) the question.
3. We ( need / are needing ) the dictionary right now.
4. Tom and Chris ( remember / are remembering ) the tall man.
5. John ( wants / is wanting ) some food now.

6. They ( believe / are believing ) the strange story.
Unit 7 • Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

31


Practice
A

Choose and complete the sentences in the present simple or present continuous.
carry
1. He

sit

is wearing

hate

A

This is Ben’s letter to his grandmother in China. Read and complete the letter.

wear

Dear Grandma,

a T-shirt and shorts today.

How is everything in China? I

2. The truck

vegetables from the farm every Friday.

3. My sister

cockroaches.

to China soon! I’m very excited to see you. These days,
Amanda and I

2 (learn)

difficult, but we

in the hall at the moment.

4. Jason and Tim

are learning Chinese. It’s

3 (study)

are studying very hard now.

It is Monday today. I always

B

Complete the dialogues.

outside on Mondays. I

1. A Let’s go to the movies. I want to watch The Ghost House .

now, so I

B Great. I

love

horror

movies.

am going

1 (go)

playing soccer. But it

5 (love)

this letter. I

7 (write)

4 (play)

8 (remember)

is raining

6 (rain)

remember

your

delicious

cookies. I can’t wait to taste them again. I miss you very much.

(love)

Love,
Ben

2. A Justin is over there. You like him, don’t you?
B Yes, but he

3. A

doesn’t remember
you

meeting me. (not / remember)
help? (need)

B

B Yes, please. I’m looking for a post office.

Find the five mistakes and correct them.

4. A I don’t understand this question. Let’s send Mr. Parker an email.
don’t know

B Okay, but I

Merry Christmas! Are you wondering why it doesn’t look

his email address. (not / know)

cold here? It’s because I’m in Australia! Summer

1

is

starting in December here. So, we never have a white

C

Complete the sentences in the present simple or present continuous.

Christmas. But that’s okay because we

1.

snow! We

2.

3.

4.

32

get up

Maria usually

sleep

But she

have

Carl

travel

He

tell

Jake

not / believe

But we

want

Emily

cook

Her mother

early in the morning.
now.
many friends in Japan.
to Japan next week.
us a story about a famous singer now.
the story.

everything else. People

3

2

aren’t needing

have Christmas trees, candles, and

eat,

5

exchange presents, and

Now, I’m at the beach. People

7

are having a Christmas barbecue. Families

4

6

celebrates the holiday with

their family and friends..

the holiday. I see Santa Claus at the beach, too. However, he
suit now. Instead, he

10

9

8

enjoying

doesn’t wear his red

is wearing a red bathing suit. Isn’t it funny? Next year, come

and enjoy summer Christmas in Australia!

pasta for dinner tonight.
pasta for her now.
Unit 7 • Present Simple vs. Present Continuous

33


8

Present vs. Past Continuous

B

Choose and complete the negative sentences in the present or past continuous.

A:I called you yesterday. Were you sleeping?
B:No, I wasn’t. I was listening to music then.

take
1. Grace and I

Positive & Negative

Present
Continuous

I am watching TV now.
She is driving to the mall.
They are running on the track.

I’m not watching TV now.
She isn’t driving to the mall.
They aren’t running on the track.

Past
Continuous

The music was playing in the room.
We were flying to Rome.
The machines were working well.

The music wasn’t playing in the room.
We weren’t flying to Rome.
The machines weren’t working well.

yesterday

now

A

at 2

2.

3.

at 2

Question

4.

A

Answer

Present
Continuous

Are you sending a text message?
Is she cooking dinner now?
Are they helping their mom?

Yes, I am.
Yes, she is.
Yes, they are.

No, I’m not.
No, she isn’t.
No, they aren’t.

Past

Continuous

Were you sleeping on the sofa?
Was she talking on the phone?
Were they singing the song together?

Yes, I was.
Yes, she was.
Yes, they were.

No, I wasn’t.
No, she wasn’t.
No, they weren’t.

today

at 2

to music when you called him.

To make a yes/no question, place the verb be before the subject.

now

yesterday

a shopping list right now.

Yes/No Questions

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences in the present and past continuous.
1.

an exam at 4:30 yesterday.

4. Ray

Lisa is talking to her friend now.
She was watching a movie at 8:30 yesterday.
8:30

write

on the stairs now.

3. My dad

Negative

sit

aren’t sitting

2. Tony

The present continuous tells about actions happening right now. The past continuous tells
about actions that were happening at a particular time in the past.
Positive

listen

Circle the correct words.
1. ( Are / Were ) they ( have / having ) breakfast now?

at 2

2. ( Is / Was ) he ( jog / jogging ) when you met him?
now

now

3. ( Is / Was ) it ( snow / snowing ) yesterday morning?

now
now

1.

2.

3.

4.

snow

It

at two o’clock.

rain

It

now.

catch

Sarah

read

She

drive

Mark

wash

He

swim

Chris

do
34

He

4. ( Are / Were ) they ( buy / buying ) flowers when you saw them?

B

Complete the dialogues.
1. A

feeding the cat?

B Yes, I was.

a book about insects now.

2. A

washing the dishes?

B Yes, she is.

his car at two o’clock.

3. A

fixing his computer?

B No, he wasn’t.

dragonflies at two o’clock.

his car now.
at two o’clock.
his homework now.

4. A Are the children taking pictures?

B No,

.

5. A Was Mike talking to his friend?

B Yes,

.

6. A Were Sandra and Mia staying at a hotel?

B No,

.
Unit 8 • Present vs. Past Continuous

35


Practice
A

Choose and complete the sentences in the present or past continuous.

bake

stand

clean

bark

1. It’s noisy outside. A dog

Scott, Jane, and Ed went to the zoo. Look at the pictures and complete the
sentences.

A

lie

loudly.

talk

sit

buy

his room at 7:30 p.m.

2. Justin

give

bread. It smells really delicious.

3. Paul

watch

on the sofa.

4. When I got home, Sue
5. When Karen saw Tom, he

in front of the museum.

at 10:30

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences.

10 a.m.

a magazine. (read)
glasses. (wear)

5

3. He

coffee. (drink)

She

4. He

on the phone. (talk)

5. It

9

on a bench. What was Ed doing? He

2

a drink from a vending machine. He

4

an elephant an apple now. Jane
on a bench now. Ed

7

sandwiches. (eat)

7. They

English. (study)

8. They

on the grass. (sit)

Find the five mistakes and correct them.

B

At 7 p.m. yesterday evening, the market streets of Nice
in France were not busy. Some shops

Complete the dialogues.
1. A Mom,

they

B No,

you

B Yes,

in the park when I called you? (walk)
. I was with Amy.

Was

she

B No, she wasn’t
36

soccer at five o’clock yesterday? (play)
. Another team was playing then.

3. A

4. A

home now? (come)

. I will be there soon.

2. A

2

a few tourists
you

B Yes,

to a parrot. He

8

the dolphin show now.

Some people

C

a koala.

6

now. (rain)

6. Mary and Alice

now

Now it’s 2:00. Scott

2. He

an

1

the dolphin show.

3

1. Billy

at 2:00

Scott’s mother called Scott at 10:30. When she called, Scott
elephant an apple. Jane

B

hug

4

3

1

were closing.

was walking to their homes, and only
were take pictures. A few couples

were eating dinner inside one of the restaurants.

But now, at 10 a.m., the market is very busy! The streets are filled with tents. People
5

are selling many different things. Many people

bread. A French woman

7

is holds a bun

6

buying fresh vegetables, fish, and

esh flowers. Many tourists

8

are walking through the market. They

10

are hopeing to remember this special market experience!

9

are looking for unique souvenirs. They

TV when you came home? (watch)
. She wasn’t at home then.
Unit 8 • Present vs. Past Continuous

37


9

Present Perfect

B

A:Have you met John before?
B:No, I haven’t. But I have heard a lot about him.

Circle the correct words.
1. I ( want / have wanted ) a smartphone for a long time.
2. David ( lives / has lived ) in San Francisco for ten years.
3. We ( see / have seen ) the musical Mamma Mia three times.

Positive & Negative

4. Mr. Murphy ( works / has worked ) at this bank for five months.

We use the present perfect when an action started in the past and continues in the
present. It uses the form have/has + past participle. To make the past participles of verbs,
add -ed to the verbs in most cases.

5. They ( are / have been ) to India twice.

Yes/No Questions

I have known Sam for three years.

To make a yes/no question, place have or has before the subject.
three years ago

now
Positive

I / You /
We / They

I have

He / She / It

He has

Question

Negative
I haven’t

visited the museum.

Have

you
the students

Has

he
Jenny

visited the museum.

He hasn’t

Answer
Yes, I have.
No, I haven’t.
Yes, they have. No, they haven’t.

finished the project?

Yes, he has.
Yes, she has.

No, he hasn’t.
No, she hasn’t.

* haven’t = have not / hasn’t = has not

Common irregular past participles

A

38

Present

Past

Past Participle

Present

Past

Past Participle

put

read
have
make
meet
send
teach

put
read
had
made
met
sent
taught

put
read
had
made
met
sent
taught

be
do
go
eat
see
know
write

was/were
did
went
ate
saw
knew
wrote

been
done
gone
eaten
seen
known
written

A

B

Complete the sentences in the present perfect.
1.

write

Mark

several stories over the last five years.

2.

read

My brother and I

3.

meet

My parents

4.

play

He

5.

not / see

Andy

any movies for a long time.

6.

not / talk

Chloe

to Jake since Monday.

7.

not / buy

They

the book five times.
my best friend Sue many times.
the guitar for seven years.

any clothes for a year.

Complete the questions in the present perfect.
1.

be

2.

know

3.

choose

4.

move

you

to Japan before?


Mark

Mary since elementary school?

they

the topic for their presentation?


you

a new apartment?

Complete the dialogues.
1. A Has Jenny returned the books?
B

,

. She is still reading them.

2. A Have your parents seen your painting?

B

,

. They really liked it.

3. A Have you worn glasses for a long time?
B

,

. I have worn them since I was very young.

4. A Has your brother found his wallet?
B

,

. He is still looking for it.
Unit 9 • Present Perfect

39


Practice
A

Choose and complete the sentences in the present perfect.
live

leave

forget

Julia and Chris are on their vacations. Complete their letters in the present perfect.

A

return

1. Mom’s credit card is at home. She doesn’t have it with her now.
→ Mom has left

her

credit

card

at

home.

my

with

password.

Wow. I

have visited

1 (visit)

2 (be)

his

dog

for

three

I

3 (not/see)

amazing. I

has been

My cousins

such a

have taken

We

have moved

7 (play)

have played

a lot of

games together. Also, we
8 (read)

many

pictures in France. I will see you soon!

from the library.

6 (move)

to Miami. I’m staying with them now.

haven’t seen

4 (take)

haven’t traveled

to Europe. Show me the pictures later.

beautiful city before. The Eiffel Tower is

years.

5 (not/travel)

five cities

the best city so far.

4. Julie went to the library. She is not here now.
→ Julie hasn’t returned

I’m in France now.

in two weeks. Paris

3. Kevin’s parents bought him a dog three years ago. Kevin still has the dog.
→ Kevin has lived

Dear Chris,

I

2. I am trying to log in. I don’t remember my password.
→ I have forgotten

Hi, Julia.

have read

many

comic

books. Have fun in France!
Julia

Chris

B

Complete the dialogues in the present perfect.
1. A Who is J. K. Rowling?
B She is an author. She

many popular books. (write)

Find the five mistakes and correct them.

B

2. A Is Ann in Seattle now?
B No, she

People

to Seattle yet. (not / go)

haven’t finished

have invent greenhouses in order to grow

vegetables and fruit all year long. Inside a greenhouse,

3. A Can you help me with a math problem?
B I

1

it is warm even during winter. But sadly, the same thing

my homework. I will help you later. (not / finish)

is happening to the earth. Pollution
greenhouse effect. People

C


Amy

1. A
B

,

she

B

,

. Her hair is longer now.

she

3. A
Last year

Now

B

,

air. Scientists
6

her hair? (cut)

4

have caused the

have used a lot of energy in

have used a lot of gas and coal in

cars and trains. These materials put toxic gases into the

taller? (grow)
.

2. A

40

factories. Also, they

Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues in the present perfect.

3

2

5

have warned that this has many negative effects. The temperature

has goed up. Plants

7

not have grown well, and the amount of drinking water

decreased. In order to stop the greenhouse effect, scientists
to produce energy. And people

10

9

8

has

have thinked of new ways

have tried to use less gas and coal.

weight? (gain)
. She has lost weight.
Unit 9 • Present Perfect

41


10

Present Perfect vs. Past Simple

B

A:Have you spoken to Mr. Stocks?
B:No, I haven’t. He has gone home early.

Circle the correct words.
1. John ( designed / has designed ) many products since 2011.
2. We ( moved / have moved ) to a new house three days ago.

3. Kate ( took / has taken ) the subway yesterday.

Use & Meaning 1

4. Jenny ( was / has been ) in Japan since last weekend.

We use the past simple to talk about what happened at a specific time in the past. But we
use the present perfect when an action in the past has an effect on the present. It shows

5. They ( worked / have worked ) as partners since June.

a link between the present and the past.
He has played the piano for three months.

three months ago

He played the piano three months ago.

Now

three months ago

Present Perfect

Use & Meaning 2
We also use the present perfect to talk about an experience that happened at some time
in the past. Unlike the past simple, the exact time of the event is not important.

Now

She has eaten Thai food before.

Past Simple

She has been a banker for two years.
(She still works there.)

She was a banker for two years.
(She doesn’t work there anymore.)

I have lost my bag.
(I don’t have it now.)

I lost my bag.
(I may or may not have it now.)

She ate Thai food last Sunday.

Now

last Sunday

Present Perfect
I have seen a polar bear once.
(I saw a polar bear at some point in the past.)

For tells the duration of an action up to the present. Since tells when an action started.

Now

Past Simple
I saw a polar bear when I was ten.
(I saw it. I was ten at the time.)

I have lived here for five years. (= from five years ago until now)
I have lived here since 2010. (= from 2010 until now)

A
A

Circle the correct words.

Complete the sentences using the underlined words.

1. I have stayed at the hotel ( last Sunday / many times ).

1. John works at a restaurant. He became a chef in 2008.

2. He has never used a blender ( before / last week ).

→ John has worked

as

a

chef

since

3. Sarah played tennis ( two days ago / since 2009 ).

2008.

4. I didn’t see a musical ( in my life / yesterday ).

2. I met Susan three years ago. We know each other very well.
→ Susan and I have known

each

other

for

three

5. We have seen this movie ( last night / twice ).

years.

When we talk about an
experience, we can use never
instead of not.
I haven’t seen a bat.
= I have never seen a bat.

3. Tom caught a cold a week ago. He is still sick.
→ Tom has been

sick

for

a

week.

B

4. Andy moved to this town in 2013. He lives here now.
→ Andy has lived

in

this

town

since

2013.

5. Mr. Smith was my English teacher in first grade. He still teaches me English.
→ Mr. Smith has taught
42

me

English

since

first

grade.

Complete the sentences in the present perfect.
1.

climb

2.

live

3.

never / try

4.

never / meet

Brian
My parents
I
Mary

this mountain many times.

in Argentina before.
bungee jumping.
her uncle before.
Unit 10 • Present Perfect vs. Past Simple

43


Practice
A

Look at the pictures and complete the sentences in the present perfect.
1.

2.

3.

A

4.

Look at what Joel has done from 2002 until now and complete the passage.
Move to
China

Come back
to Canada

2002

2004

2006

Publish
his novel

2008

2010

live in China

finish

open

travel

the box yet.

1. She

Joel

his homework. He can’t play outside now.

2. Benjamin

4. Jason

in Canada since then. He

by airplane four times.

work as an author

write his first novel

write a new book

at a travel agency

worked

2

back to Canada. He

3

4

has lived

a bus from 2006 to 2012. He also

5

his first novel then. He

6

Since then, he

B

drive a bus

to China in 2002. He

for four years. In 2006, he

in Australia for three days.

3. Lily

moved

1

Now

live in Canada

work at a travel agency

be

2012

his novel in 2012.

published

7

as an author. His new book will be finished soon.

8

Complete the dialogues in the present perfect or past simple.
1. A Do you know Julia?
B No, I don’t. I

her before. (never / meet)

2. A Michael

for the company for ten years. (work)

B

Find the five mistakes and correct them.

B But he will retire in three months.

People

1

studied Mars since the time of the ancient

Egyptians. In 1610, Galileo Galilei

3. A Where is Jeremy?
B He’s not here. He

becomes the first

person to observe Mars through a telescope. Since then,

out two hours ago. (go)

scientists

4. A How’s Susan?
B She

2

3

have learned many things about Mars. It is

a cold, dry, and rocky planet. They

sick since last Tuesday. (be)

4

discovered that it

is covered in craters and volcanoes. In the 19th century,
scientists

C

Choose and complete the sentences in the present perfect or past simple.
fail

perform

see

1. Susie

her science exam yesterday.

2. They

shooting stars several times since last summer.

3. He
4. She
44

make

5

developed better telescopes and they

Some scientists

7

discover more things about Mars.

said that there were rivers on Mars. Some even

was life on Mars. However, later, scientists
Though scientists

6

10

9

8

thinked that there

discovered that these things were not true.

have make many important discoveries, there are still many more

exciting things to learn about Mars.

a reservation for the restaurant two days ago.
at large concert halls since she became famous.
Unit 10 • Present Perfect vs. Past Simple

45


11

Future

Be Going To

A:I am going to vacuum the floor.
B:Okay. I will move the table and chairs for you.

Be going to also tells about the future. It is used for future plans that are already arranged.
Positive
He is going to study Chinese.

Will
Positive

She won’t go for a walk.

Question

Future plans /
Intentions

Answer

Will she go for a walk?

Yes, she will.

No, she won’t.
Future predictions
based on evidence
in the present

You will grow taller next year.
It will snow tomorrow.

Promises

I will be home by three o’clock.
I won’t be late tomorrow.

Immediate decisions

I will call you later.
We will cook spaghetti tonight.

A

Complete the sentences with will or won’t .
take the subway.

see the doctor. She has an appointment at 2 p.m.
clean it.
go to the office.

4. It is Amy’s birthday on Sunday. I

stay at home.

3. Mom and Dad will go shopping today. They

buy a book for her.
swim in the river.

5. It is too cold outside. They

read many books next month. She won’t be lazy.

4.Kate

5. I will be a good student. I

forget to do my homework.

study

ride

1. I bought a pretty dress. I

order

2.

3.

4.

wear

in front of other people.
hard tonight.

3. John has a very important test tomorrow. He

5. The roller coaster looks scary. We

Look at the pictures and complete the dialogues.

it to the party.

2. She doesn’t like singing. She

4. They are hungry. They

B

1.

Choose and complete the sentences using will or won’t .
sing

46

It is going to rain.
(The sky is dark.)
He’s going to be late for the nine o’clock meeting.
(It’s almost nine o’clock now and he hasn’t arrived yet.)

3. It is a holiday today. Mr. Ross

watch a movie.

2. We won’t play soccer this evening. We

No, he isn’t.

I’m going to visit my uncle this summer.
(I’ve already planned it.)
We are going to travel by train.
(We already bought the train tickets.)

2. My room is too messy. I

1. He will take the bus to school. He

B

Yes, he is.

Complete the sentences using be (not) going to .

1. She

A

Answer

Is he going to study Chinese?

Negative

She will go for a walk.

He isn’t going to study Chinese.

Question

Will expresses future predictions, promises, and immediate decisions.

Future predictions

Negative

a lot of food.
it.

1. A

you

2. A

he

3. A

they

4. A

she

buy some clothes?

B

,

.

B

,

.

borrow some books? B

,

.

,

.

travel to Thailand?

send a letter?

B

Unit 11 • Future

47


Practice
A

Choose and complete the sentences using will or won’t .
answer

arrive

like

pay

A
have

These are the children's plans. Choose and complete the sentences.
be

clean

a cup of tea instead.

1. I don’t like coffee. I

I

the phone.

2. Mr. Woods is in a meeting now. He

help

go

practice

study

TV in the evening. Instead,

1

I

am going to practice

2

the violin. I

(not / will)

the movie about zombies.
I

soon.

5. Mike is on the way here. He

lazy.

3

(be going to)

4. My mom hates scary movies. She

watch

(not / be going to)

with my credit card.

3. I don’t have any cash. I

get

the house this weekend.

4
(be going to)

I

my parents more often.

5
(will)

B

Choose and complete the sentences using be (not) going to .
watch

take

jog

buy

My sister and I

(not / be going to)

travel

1. Joshua likes science. He

a science class next semester.

2. It is raining now. Karen

in the park.

3. We

We

(be going to)

a house yet.

B

it.

Welcome to Lakewood University. My name is Sandra and I

sing “Do-Re-Mi” at the competition?

B No, they won’t. They chose another song instead.

cut your hair?

B No, I won’t. I prefer long hair.

2

will start our tour at the Student Center. If you become

a student at the university, you

graduate from high school this year?

B Yes, she is. It’s her last year of high school.

4. A

am going show you around today.

We

Complete the dialogues.

3. A

(will)

Find the five mistakes and correct them.

1

2. A

8

around Asia this summer. I’m excited already!

5. My favorite TV show is on tonight. I

1. A

math all day. We

are going to study

7

perfect scores on the math exam!

4. Mr. Clark hasn’t saved enough money. He

C

shopping on Sunday.

6

Student Center. You
and timetable there. Next, I

5

tour is finished, we

8

7

will do many things at the

will enroll and get your student card

will take you to the university library. There are more

than 5.2 million books there. You
the library. The library

4

3

6

will needed a student card to borrow books from

will is crowded because final exams start soon. When this

will coming back here. We

then some current students

10

9

is going to have a short break and

will join us and tell you more about the university.

go camping tomorrow?

B Yes, I am. I already finished packing.
48

Unit 11 • Future

49